the wars of the xx century

8/19/2019 The Wars of the XX Century

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The Wars of the 20thcentury

The Plan:1. The First World War (1914 – 1918) 1.1. The tor! "louds of War 1.2. #uro$e in the % World War2. The econd World War (19&9 – 194') 2.1. The First Period of the War 2.2. The ritish oyal *ir Force

2.&. The +ista,es of -er!any and a$an. The #nd of the War

&. The /nited ations


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1. The First World War (1914 – 1918) 1.1. The tor! "louds of War

The danger of war with Germany had been clearfrom the beginning of the 20th century. It broughtFrance and Britain together.

By 1914 the political ituation in !urope wa e"tremely

dangerou. Germany and #utria$ %ungary had made amilitary alliance. &uia and France had made anotheralliance.


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In 'une 1914 the #utrian#rchdu(e Franci Ferdinand

wa (illed in )erbia. #utria$%ungary declared war on )erbia. &uia* which wa an

ally of )erbia* declared war on#utria$%ungary.

#utomatically* it meant a warwith Germany. France wa&uia+ ally* o it wa now aloat war with Germany.

In #ugut 1914 Germany+troop in,aded France throughBelgium. Britain which hadbeen Belgium+ ally*immediately declared war onGermany. Thu* practically thewhole of !urope wa fighting.

)o* the Firt -orld -ar hadtarted.


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1.2. #uro$e in the % World War

Germany had bettertrained oldier and bettereuipment. In the firt wee(of war in 1914 it nearlydefeated the #llie* Britainand France. The German

troop croed the borderand penetrated into theterritory of France. TheFrance army and the mallBritih force managed to top

the German army only at the&i,er /arne deep inideFrance. Then followed four year of bitter fightingduring which both armie

li,ed in trenche.


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The war wa going on notonly in !urope. In the /iddle!at the Britih fought

againt Tur(ih troop in Ira*in aletine* and in theardanelle. nly in 1913 theBritih were able to dri,ebac( the Tur(.

The war at ea wa moreimportant than the war onland* becaue defeat at eawould ha,e caued Britain+urrender. Being an ilandtate* Britain had alway

depended on imported good.In 191 German ubmarinetarted in(ing merchanthip which carried upplie toBritain.


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405 of Britain+ merchantfleet wa un( during the war.There wa one period in the

coure of the war when for i"wee( the Britih populationwa on the point of tar,ation.-hen &uia after theBolhe,i( &e,olution of 1913

made peace with Germany* theGerman general hoped for,ictory againt the #llie. ButGerman ubmarine attac( onneutral hip drew #merica

into the war againt Germany.The arri,al of #merican troopin France ended Germany+hope* and it urrendered in6o,ember 1917.


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2. The )econd -orld -ar2.1 The First Period Of the War

#fter the Firt -orld -ar #dolf

%itler founded the 6a8i arty in Germany.%itler called the German people a uperiorrace* which mut rule the world. )oon%itler made himelf dictator of Germanyand began preparing for war.

Germany wa not the only country in

!urope ruled by a dictator. Benito /uolini* who had come to

power in Italy* wa ma(ing plan* to re,i,ethe glory of the &oman !mpire. In #ia* amilitary group came to power in 'apan.They alo belie,ed in the glory: of rulingo,er other nation.

In the 19;0 Germany* Italy and'apan formed an alliance called T%!#


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On September 1 ,1939* the Germanarmy in,aded oland. The olihgo,ernment a(ed Britain #nd Francefor help.

n )eptember ;*19;9* Britain andFrance declared war on Germany.That wa the beginning of theSecond World War. The Germanarmy conuered the country in le

than three wee(. The German ueda new tactic called a blitzkrie.Britain and France had no time tocome and help oland.

In the pring of 1940 the German

in,aded enmar(* 6orway* the6etherland* Belgium and=u"emburg. -ith the help of Italy*Germany defeated the French in afew wee(. The Britih lot almot all

their weapon in France.


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2.2 The !ritish "o#al $ir Force

By 'une 1940 Britain tood alone againt the 6a8i.

German plane made bombing raid againt Britihcitie* railway and factorie.

%itler+ plan wa to brea( the pirit of the Britih. Butthe Britih &oyal #ir Force hot down many German

plane. Britain+ new rime /initer* )ir* -inton>hurchill* played a great role in (eeping up thefighting pirit of the Britih people. Germany wa notable to fulfill it plan of in,ading the country. Thebattle of Britain in 1940 wa the #llie+ firt ,ictory.


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2.&. The +ista,es of -er!any and a$an. The #nd ofthe War.

In 1941 Germany and 'apan made two fatal mita(e?Germany attac(ed the )o,iet @nion and 'apan attac(edthe @nited )tate of #merica. Germany now had to fighton two front? in the eat and in the wet. $ay wacalled the day of the in,aion of France by #llied force.It happened on the th of 1944.It wa the beginning of

the end for Germany. Four month later France andBelgium were freed. Then the battle for Germany began.


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In /ay 194Germanyurrendered. 'apan

continued to fightuntil Britain and the@)# dropped twoatom bomb on citie

of %iroshima and&aasaki in #ugut194. 110*000 peopleperihed immediately*

and many thouandmore died later fromthe after$effect. Itwa a terrible end to

the war.


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&. The /nited ations

#t the end of the war the#llie created the @nited6ation rgani8ation in orderto protect peace anddemocracy in the world andpre,ent new war. The ideawa to ettle local and global

problem by dicuion withinthe rgani8ation and not byfighting.

But from the ,ery beginningthi new world organi8ationfaced great difficultie. Theidea of the four #llie A)o,iet@nion* @nited )tate* Franceand Britain wor(ing togetherfor the reco,ery of central!urope did not wor(.


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!urope became di,idedinto two part* the eaternpart under communit

)o,iet control* and thewetern part under thecontrol of Britain* Franceand the @)#.

In 1947$49 the )o,iet

@nion tried to capture-et Berlin. # a reult ofthe truggle for -etBerlin* two oppoitealliance were formed? the

6orth #tlantic Treatyrgani8ation and the-araw act of theeatern bloc(.

the wars of the xx century

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