THE WORLD OFTHE FUNGI!

Figure 31.0 Painting of indigo milk cap (Lactarius indigo) fungus as an example of the variety in color and types of fungi

Figure 31.0x Decomposers

Figure 31.1 Fungal mycelia

Figure 31.2 Examples of fungal hyphae

Figure 31.2x Septate hyphae (left) and nonseptate hyphae (right)

Figure 31.3 Generalized life cycle of fungi (Layer 1)

Figure 31.3 Generalized life cycle of fungi (Layer 2)

Figure 31.3 Generalized life cycle of fungi (Layer 3)

Figure 31.4 Phylogeny of fungi

Figure 31.5 Chytridiomycota (chytrids)

Figure 31.6 The common mold Rhizopus decomposing strawberries

Figure 31.7 The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus (black bread mold)

Figure 31.7x1 Young zygosporangium

Figure 31.7x2 Mature zygosporangium

Figure 31.8 Pilobolus aiming its sporangia

Figure 31.9 Ascomycetes (sac fungi): Scarlet cup (top left), truffles (bottom left), morel (right)

Figure 31.9x1 Carbon fungus

Figure 31.9x2 Aspergillus

Figure 31.10 The life cycle of an ascomycete

Figure 31.10x1 Life cycle of an ascomycete

Figure 31.10x2 Apothecium

Figure 31.11 Basidiomycetes (club fungi): Greville's bolete (top left), turkey tail (bottom left), stinkhorn (right)

Figure 31.11x1 Coprinus comatus, Shaggy Mane

Figure 31.11x2 Geastrum triplex

Figure 31.11x3 Tremella messenterica, Witch’s Butter

Figure 31.11x4 Stinkhorn

Figure 31.11x5 Amanita

Figure 31.12 The life cycle of a mushroom-forming basidiomycete

Figure 31.12x Gills

Figure 31.13 A fairy ring

Table 31.1 Review of Fungal Phyla

Figure 31.14 A moldy orange (left), Penicillium (right)

Figure 31.15 Budding yeast

Figure 31.16 Lichens

Figure 31.17 Anatomy of a lichen

Figure 31.17x Anatomy of a lichen

Figure 31.19 An experimental test of the benefits of mycorrhizae

Figure 31.20 Examples of fungal diseases of plants: Black stem rust on wheat (left), ergots on rye (right)

Figure 31.20x1 Strawberries with Botrytis mold, a plant parasitic fungus

Figure 31.20x2 Pink ear rot of corn

Figure 31.21 Fungal production of an antibiotic