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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
ADB PUBLICATIONS CATALOG 2016
CLIMATE CHANGETHEMATIC SERIES
1 Featured Titles
2 Clean Energy
5 Climate Adaptation
8 Climate Financing
9 Climate Policies and Capacity
11 Disaster Risk Management
12 Natural Resource Management
13 Sustainable Transport
13 Asian Development Bank Institute
15 Title Index
16 Commercial Distributors
About Us
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is an international development fi nance institution owned by 67
members, 48 of which are from Asia and the Pacifi c. Headquartered in Manila, Philippines, our vision is an
Asia and the Pacifi c region free of poverty.
Knowledge creation and sharing are integral to ADB’s work. Every year, we publish a wide range of studies,
statistical reports, working papers, books, briefs, and awareness-raising materials. All our publications
are available for digital download. Hard copies are available at ADB headquarters, from commercial
distributors, booksellers, and—in cases where there is an agreement—from copublishers. Turn to the back
of this catalog for more details, or visit our website: adb.org/publications
Contents
© 2016 Asian Development Bank
Publication Stock No. ARM168349
Asian Development Bank: 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines
www.adb.org
Printed on recycled paper
HOW TO OBTAIN HARD COPIES
MAILFill out the order form on our website: www.adb.org/publications/ordering
BUYContact one of our commercial distributors, listed on page 16.
BORROWObtain copies from our depository libraries, now in over 20 countries: www.adb.org/publications/depositories
TERMS OF USE
ADB publications are meant to be disseminated, read, and built upon to create new knowledge on development work. For information on the terms of use of ADB publications, including copyright, permissions, and attribution, visit http://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess
Note: In this publication “$” refers to US dollars.
ARM168349 Climate Change Catalog COVER_UPDATE.indd Spread 2 of 2 - Pages(ii, i) 12/13/2017 2:20:17 PM
Global Network of Distributors
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 1
Featured Titles
Asian Water development outlook 2016 Strengthening Water Security in Asia and the Pacii c
The Asian Water Development Outlook charts progress in water security in Asia and the Pacii c over the past 5 years. This 2016 edition of the report uses the latest available data to assess water security in i ve key dimensions: household access to piped potable water and improved sanitation, economic water security, providing better urban water services to build more livable cities, restoring healthy rivers and ecosystems, and resilience to water disasters. The region shows a positive trend in strengthening water security since the 2013 edition of the report, when 38 out of 49 countries were assessed as water-insecure. In 2016, that number dropped to 29 out of 48 countries.
134 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2016ISBN 978-92-9257-543-4
$25.00
southeast Asia and the economics of global Climate stabilization
This study focuses on i ve countries of Southeast Asia that collectively account for 90% of regional greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in recent years—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It applies two global dynamic economy–energy–environment models under an array of scenarios that refl ect potential regimes for regulating global GHG emissions through 2050. The modeling identii es potential economic costs of climate inaction for the region, how the countries can most ei ciently achieve GHG emission mitigation, and the consequences of mitigation. This study analyzes climate-related policies and identii es how further action can be taken to ensure low-carbon growth.
188 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-304-1
$29.00
ASIAN WATER DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK 2016STRENGTHENING WATER SECURITY IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
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AS AN DEVELOPMENT BANK
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MOST DOWNLOADED
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 1
2 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
Clean Energy
handbook for Rooftop solar development in Asia
Drawing on ADB’s experience installing a rooftop solar photovoltaic system at its headquarters, this publication hopes to demystify the process of developing solar photovoltaic projects in urban
areas. The handbook provides detailed descriptions and guidance for all stages of development, including initial prefeasibility assessment, design, i nancing, procurement, and operations and maintenance. ADB hopes this handbook will encourage the spread of solar photovoltaic systems in cities throughout developing Asia and the Pacii c.
150 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9254-847-6
$27.00
HANDBOOK FOR ROOFTOP SOLAR DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA
AS AN DEVE OPMENT BANK
Business Models to Realize the Potential of Renewable energy and energy effi ciency in the greater Mekong subregion
This report outlines business models relevant to pursuing the renewable energy and energy ei ciency targets
adopted by i ve Greater Mekong Subregion countries: Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Business models for investments in renewable energy and energy ei ciency provide policy makers and investors with alternative business methods for the deployment of new technologies, or for the application of well-established technologies and practices in new settings.
48 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9254-827-8
$20.00
BUSINESS ModELS To REaLIZE THE PoTENTIaL oF RENEWaBLE ENERGY aNd ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE GREaTER MEKoNG SUBREGIoN
Improving energy effi ciency and Reducing emissions through Intelligent Railway station Buildings
Buildings in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) consume 21% of the total energy produced in the country. This study analyzes
and proposes feasible energy-saving and emission-reducing solutions for domestic railway stations in the PRC. The use of intelligent building controls support reduction of energy consumption, minimization or elimination of energy wastes, and cost savings. Strong institutional mechanisms and railway building management methods and policies also promote technological innovation. Moreover, these are necessary to balance the interests of multiple parties to be able to achieve energy ei ciency in railway station buildings in the PRC.
106 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-004-0
$24.00
MOST DOWNLOADED
energy effi ciency developments and Potential energy savings in the greater Mekong subregion
This report details energy ei ciency targets and developments in i ve countries in the Greater Mekong
Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The GMS countries envisage substantial energy ei ciency savings over the next 15 to 20 years, with overall energy ei ciency savings amounting to almost 60 million tons of oil equivalent annually by 2030. GMS countries project that their energy needs will double or triple over the next 15 years and greater energy ei ciency of ers a win–win public–private sector partnership for reducing unsustainable reliance on high-carbon fuels.
104 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9254-829-2
$24.00
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
DEVELOPMENTS AND
POTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS
IN THE GREATER MEKONG
SUBREGION
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 3
Knowledge and PowerLessons from ADB Energy Projects
ADB has provided its developing members with over $28 billion in loans and grants for energy-related projects from 2008 to 2014. This publication features 15 recent noteworthy projects as
case stories (contexts, solutions, results, and lessons) that were implemented in Bangladesh, Bhutan, the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, the Federated States of Micronesia, , the Philippines, and Uzbekistan in the areas of energy ei ciency, solar energy, geothermal, waste-to-energy, advanced coal technology, and electricity interconnection. It is a must-read for policy makers, project managers, and development partners in the world of energy.
134 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9254-985-5
$25.00
KNOWLEDGE AND POWER: LESSONS FROM ADB ENERGY PROJECTS
Clean Energy
Monitoring, Reporting, and Verifi cation Manual for Clean development Mechanism Projects
This manual is intended to assist clean development mechanism project developers in understanding and managing the monitoring, reporting, and verii cation
requirements and process of their projects with the help of real examples and practical tips. It also aspires to be of help for projects participating in other existing and emerging market mechanisms. These may include bilateral mechanisms; voluntary carbon markets; regional, national, and subnational carbon markets; and any of the cooperative approaches and new market mechanism for the post-2020 carbon markets consequent to the Paris Agreement adopted at COP21 in December 2015.
116 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2016ISBN 978-92-9257-399-7
$24.00
AS AN DEV LOPMENT BANK
MONITORING, REPORTING,
AND VERIFICATION MANUAL
FOR CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS
Fossil Fuel subsidies in AsiaTrends, Impacts, and Reforms: Integrative Report
The unsustainable budgetary cost of selling oil, gas, and coal at low prices has propelled energy subsidy reform
in developing Asian economies. This report measures the size of associated subsidies on these fossil fuels including direct transfers, tax exemptions, subsidized credit, and losses of state enterprises in India, Indonesia, and Thailand. An analysis of complex interactions between economic, social, energy, and environmental issues shows that the initial rise in energy prices due to a reduction or removal of the subsidies will trigger a shift to alternative fuels, make investment in clean energy attractive, increase energy supply, and cut greenhouse gas emissions.
76 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2016ISBN 978-92-9257-298-3
$22.00
AS AN DEVE OPMENT BANK
FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES IN ASIATrENDS, IMPACTS, AND rEFOrMSINTEGRATIVE REPORT
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Fossil Fuel subsidies in IndonesiaTrends, Impacts, and Reforms52 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-151-1$20.00
Fossil Fuel subsidies in ThailandTrends, Impacts, and Reforms54 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-153-5$20.00
A IAN D VE OPMENT BANK
FOS
IN TTrEN
S AN DEVE OPME T ANK
FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES IN INDONESIATrENDS, IMPACTS, AND rEFOrMS
4 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
Clean Energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS AND POTENTIAL IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION
Renewable energy developments and Potential in the greater Mekong subregion
This report focuses on renewable energy developments, including incentives for private sector investment in clean energy, and potential in i ve countries
in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It assesses the potential of solar, wind, biomass, and biogas as sources of renewable energy. Technical considerations include the degree and intensity of solar irradiation, average wind speeds, backup capacity of grid systems, availability and quality of agricultural land for biofuel crops, and animal manure concentrations for biogas digester systems.
168 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9254-831-5
$28.00
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sustainable energy Access PlanningA Framework
Sustainable energy access planning, unlike traditional energy planning, gives primary importance to the energy demand of both poor and nonpoor households, the need to make cleaner energy
services more af ordable to the poor, the costs of both supply-side and demand-side access options, and the sustainability of technology and resource options. This report presents a framework for sustainable energy access planning that planners and policy makers can use to design cost-ef ective clean energy supply systems that both poor and nonpoor can sustainably access to meet at least the minimum amount of energy for their basic needs.
92 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9254-965-7
$23.00
AS AN DEVE OPMENT BANK
SUSTAINABLE ENErGY ACCESS PLANNINGA FRAMEWORK
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Roadmap for Carbon Capture and storage demonstration and deployment in the People’s Republic of China
Carbon capture and storage is an essential low-carbon option for the PRC. It is
currently the only near-commercial system of technologies that of ers medium- to long-term opportunities to make cuts in carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power plants based on fossil fuels, while enabling the continued utilization of coal in a low-carbon way. This report assesses the potential, barriers, and challenges in developing carbon capture and storage in the PRC.
80 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-042-2
$22.00
RoadMAP FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGEDEMONSTRATION AND DEPLOYMENT IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
NOVEMBER 20 5
AS AN EVE OPMENT BANK
Prospects for Carbon Capture and storage in southeast Asia
This report focuses on an assessment of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) potential in Thailand, Viet Nam, and specii c regions of Indonesia and the Philippines. It contains inventories of
carbon dioxide emission sources; estimates of overall storage potential; likely source–sink match options for potential CCS projects; and an analysis of existing policy, legal, and regulatory frameworks with a view toward supporting future CCS operations. The report also presents a comparative i nancial analysis of candidate CCS projects; highlights possible incentive schemes for i nancing CCS; and provides an actionable road map for pilot, demonstration, and commercial CCS projects.
166 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-290-0
$28.00
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 5
Clean Energy
Climate Change and Rural Communities in the greater Mekong subregionA Framework for Assessing Vulnerability and Adaptation Options
This report presents the methodology and lessons
learned from the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Core Environment Program. The study yielded a framework and methodology for assessing climate vulnerability and adaptation options for rural communities in the GMS. It was conducted in biodiversity conservation corridors in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Thailand, and Viet Nam during 2011–2012. The report introduces the framework, describes how it was applied, presents major results, and makes recommendations for future improvement.
50 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-534-5
$20.00
Climate Change and Rural Communities in the Greater Mekong SubregionA ame k Assess V e a a A a a s
CEP Knowledge Se ies # 1
Unlocking Indonesia’s geothermal Potential
This report was produced jointly by ADB and the World Bank and is based on a series of technical assistance activities conducted during 2013-2014. The study documents key issues that have constrained the development of Indonesia’s
geothermal power development sector, including tendering processes, i nancial considerations, permitting, and interagency coordination. The report then makes a set of comprehensive recommendations to unlock the potential of the sector.
170 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9254-901-5
$28.00Copublished with the World Bank
UNLOCKINGINDONESIA'SGEOTHERMALPOTENTIAL
sustainable energy for AllTracking Progress in Asia and the Pacii c
The Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative is the global ef ort rallying action toward a transformation in the energy sector by 2030. With targets to increase energy use, expand energy ei ciency, and ensure
energy access for all, SE4All’s priorities are tied closely to the challenges of energy sustainability, security, and widespread energy poverty in developing Asia and the Pacii c. This report summarizes the initial activities of the SE4All Regional Hub, and contextualizes the challenges in Asia and the Pacii c with the global ef orts to reach the 2030 targets.
68 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-111-5
$21.00
SI N D VELO MENT BANK
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALLTRACKING PROGRESS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC A SUMMARY REPORT
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Climate Adaptation
Assessing the Costs of Climate Change and Adaptation in south Asia
This book synthesizes the results of country and sector studies on the economic costs and benei ts of unilateral and regional actions on
climate change in ADB’s six South Asia developing members, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The study takes into account the dif erent scenarios and impacts projected across vulnerable sectors and estimates the total economic loss throughout the 21st century and amount of funding required for adaptation measures to avert such potential losses. It is envisioned to strengthen decision-making capacities and improve understanding of the economics of climate change for the countries in South Asia.
128 pages, 6 x 9, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-510-9
$22.00
Assessing the Costsof Climate Change
and Adaptationin South Asia
6 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
green growth, Resources, and ResilienceEnvironmental Sustainability in Asia and the Pacii c
This report describes an evolving policy landscape characterized by a changing economic reality, rising demand for resources,
increasingly apparent impacts of environmental and climate change, and increased risk and uncertainty. It provides insights into resource use trends and outlines key actions, including reforming economic incentives and promoting more inclusive and adaptive governance approaches, that governments can pursue to help bring economic growth strategies in closer alignment with the objective of sustainable development.
156 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2012ISBN 978-92-1-120635-7
$27.00Copublished with the United Nations Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and the Pacifi c and the United Nations Environment Programme
Environmental Sustainabi ityin Asia and the Paciic
Green Growth,Resources
and Resilience
Costs of Adaptation to Rising Coastal Water levels for the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea
This publication explores the potential costs for coastal adaptation from 2010 until 2050 in East Asia due to climate-induced sea-level
rise and possibly more intense tropical cyclones. The results are estimates of possible adaptation needs, which illustrate the possible magnitude of adapting to the future impacts of climate change on three important coastal countries: the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea.
64 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-067-8
$21.00
Cost of Adaptation to Rising
Coastal Water Levels
for the People’s Republ c of ChinaJapan and the Republic of Korea
Robert N chol s Susan Hanson and ochen Hickel
economic Analysis of Climate-Proofi ng Investment Projects
Climate change represents an increasing threat to the continued development of the people, preservation of ecosystems, and economic growth of Asia and the Pacii c. A key step in ADB’s climate
risk management framework is the technical and economic valuation of climate-prooi ng measures to reduce risks resulting from climate change to investment projects in Asia and the Pacii c. This report describes the conduct of the cost–benei t analysis of climate prooi ng investment projects to present decision makers with the best possible information on the economic ei ciency of alternative designs of investment projects.
92 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-077-4
$23.00
AS AN DEV LOPMENT B NK
ECONOMIC ANALYSISOF CLIMATE-PROOFING INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Climate Adaptation
Climate Risk and Adaptation in the electric Power sector
This report aims to highlight and raise awareness on the exposure and vulnerability of the energy sector to climate change. It also identii es adaptation options available
to each source of energy generation as well as for the distribution and end use of electrical energy.
82 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2012ISBN 978-92-9092-730-3
$22.00
Climate Risk and Adaptation in the
Electric Power Sector
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 7
Increasing Climate Change Resilience of Urban Water InfrastructureBased on a Case Study from Wuhan City, People’s Republic of China
This guidebook bridges the gap between the theoretical
analyses of climate change impact on the urban water sector and the planning decisions that municipal authorities and utility managers need to make to increase the sector’s climate change resilience. It answers questions that city planners and managers globally ask regarding the ef ects of climate change, particularly on services and utilities, and what we can do to prepare for these.
72 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-118-7
$21.00
Increas ng Climate Change Resilience
of Urban Water InfrastructureBa ed on a ase S udy f om Wuh n i y P op e s epub c f Ch na
GUIDEBOOK
guidelines for Climate Proofi ng Investment in the energy sector
This publication provides a step-by-step approach to help project teams assess and incorporate climate change adaptation measures into energy investment projects. While the focus of the guidelines is at the project
level, an improved understanding of climate change impacts should also be used to incorporate climate change considerations into energy planning and policy at the country level.
110 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-109-5
$24.00
Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in
the Energy Sector
Climate Adaptation
Investing in ResilienceEnsuring a Disaster-Resistant Future
This report focuses on the steps required to ensure that investment in disaster resilience happens and that it occurs as an integral, systematic part of development. At-risk
communities in Asia and the Pacii c can apply a wide range of policy, capacity, and investment instruments and mechanisms to ensure that disaster risk is properly assessed, disaster risk is reduced, and residual risk is well managed. Yet, real progress in strengthening resilience has been slow to date and natural hazards continue to cause signii cant loss of life, damage, and disruption in the region, undermining inclusive, sustainable development.
188 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9092-949-9
$29.00
Ensuring a Disaster-Resistant Future
Investing in Resilience
Technologies to support Climate Change Adaptation in developing Asia
Asia and the Pacii c is expected to be hit hard by the impacts of climate change. ADB developing members are among the most
vulnerable, with 7 of the top 10 vulnerable countries being in the region. This publication seeks to address these concerns by showcasing a number of useful technologies that can be used to address the impact of climate change across six sectors: agriculture, coastal resources, human health, transportation, water resources, and disaster risk management.
204 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-803-2
$30.00
AS AN DEVE OPMENT BANK
TECHNOLOGIES TO SUPPORT CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPING ASIA
MOST DOWNLOADED
8 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
strengthening Carbon Financing for grassland Management in the People’s Republic of ChinaMitigation Options in Grassland-Based Animal Husbandry
The majority of the People’s Republic of China’s 3.9
million square kilometers of grasslands are degraded and contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases. Restoring degraded grasslands and increasing the ei ciency of forage utilization are key strategies for addressing sustainable grassland management. To balance carbon sequestration and livestock production objectives, changes in grazing and livestock management are required. This publication summarizes potential technical measures to increase carbon sequestration and reduce the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions from grassland-based animal husbandry.
34 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-387-7
$19.00
Strengthening Carbon F nancingfor Grassland Management in the
People’s Republic of ChinaMitigation Options in Grassland Based
Animal Husbandry
strengthening Carbon Financing for grassland Management in the People’s Republic of ChinaIncentive Mechanisms and Implications
Financial incentives are required to improve
environmental management of grasslands and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the grassland sector of the People’s Republic of China. This publication summarizes the legal and policy framework for incentive programs, assesses the impact of three main incentive programs on soil carbon stocks, and analyzes the implications of these existing incentive mechanisms for the development of grassland carbon i nance projects for domestic carbon markets.
54 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-385-3
$20.00
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Climate Financing
Building gender into Climate FinanceADB Experience with the Climate Investment Funds
Helping women become more resilient to the impact of climate change, acknowledging their key role and encouraging them to participate in
responding to the challenges of climate change, and ensuring that they benei t from climate change i nancing investments are priorities for ADB as part of its commitment to gender equality and the empowerment of women. This publication coni rms the shared commitment of ADB and the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) to mainstreaming gender equality in climate change and showcases how this priority is being integrated into the design of ADB’s CIF projects.
52 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2016$20.00
BuilDinG GenDeR inTO CliMATe FinAnCe ADB eXPeRienCe WiTH THe CliMATe inVeSTMenT FunDS
AdB and the Climate Investment FundsClimate Change Innovation and Action in Asia and the Pacii c
Since the inception of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), ADB has participated in the preparation of 16 investment plans in 14
countries. Under these plans, ADB is administering $1.6 billion in funding for 37 projects across the region. This document presents ADB’s experience in the development of CIF programs and highlights some of the innovative transformations anticipated or already achieved by ADB projects using CIF funding.
76 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-548-2
$22.00
AS AN D VELO MENT BANK
ADB AND THE CLIMATE INVESTMENT FUNDSCLIMATE CHANGE INNOVATION AND ACTION IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 9
Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacifi c
Climate change will increase the frequency of extreme weather events, making more geographic places inhospitable to human habitation and secure livelihoods. This report presents a detailed picture of
the potential impacts of climate change on migration in Asia and the Pacii c. It draws upon a wealth of research to provide policy makers with informed analysis of an emerging phenomenon requiring urgent attention by governments and the international community. The report also suggests that climate-induced migration should be seen not only as a threat to human well-being but also as a potential tool to promote human adaptation to climate change.
92 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2012ISBN 978-92-9092-610-8
$23.00
Final Report
AddressingClimate Change and Migration in Asia and the Paciic
economics of Climate Change in east Asia
This regional study includes the People’s Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Mongolia and examines how strategies for adapting to climate change up to 2050 can be combined with measures to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions in East Asia. The study estimates costs for sector-specii c mitigation options and the total abatement potential for 2020 and 2030. Long-term strategies for addressing the impacts of climate change in East Asia are explored with a focus on the linkages between adaptation and mitigation, taking account uncertainty about key climate variables.
218 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-288-7
$31.00
Economics of
Climate Change
in East AsiaM chael Westphal
Gordon Hughes
Jörn Brömme hö ster
Ed tors)
Climate Change, Food security, and socioeconomic livelihood in Pacifi c Islands
This report assesses the impact of climate change on agriculture and i sheries in three Pacii c island countries—Fiji, Papua New
Guinea, and Solomon Islands—including the impacts on agricultural production, economic returns for major crops, and food security. Alternative adaption policies are examined to provide policy options that reduce the impact of climate change on food security. The overall intention is to provide a clear message for development practitioners and policy makers about how to cope with the threats and understand the opportunities surrounding climate change.
366 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-115-3
$41.00Copublished with the International Food Policy
Research Institute
CLIMATE CHANGE, FOOD SECURITY, AND SOCIOECONOMIC LIVELIHOOD IN PACIFIC ISLANDS
strengthening Carbon Financing for grassland Management in the People’s Republic of ChinaPotential Carbon Markets
Carbon emissions trading markets are one of the main policy mechanisms of the
People’s Republic of China (PRC) to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Grasslands cover 40% of the PRC’s land area, and these contain large amounts of carbon. Restoration and sustainable management of these grasslands have large greenhouse gas mitigation potential. This publication assesses the potential of carbon market mechanisms to support the achievement of grassland policy objectives. It also reviews the state of national policy regarding climate change mitigation, particularly carbon markets, and outlines opportunities and challenges in producing carbon of sets from grasslands.
34 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-375-4
$19.00
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Climate Financing
Climate Policies and Capacity
10 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
Climate Policies and Capacity
green City development Tool Kit
The term “Green City” has many dif erent meanings to dif erent people. There is no universal solution that can be applied to every city. Adaptable, responsive, and innovative solutions that dif er from one place to another
enable Green Cities to emerge in various forms and enable us to recognize the variation and dynamism of cities. This tool kit is a reference for ADB staf , consultants, and city leaders that introduces key concepts of Green City development and identii es crosscutting issues that help in designing urban programs to support city development in a green and sustainable manner.
134 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-012-5
$25.00
AS AN DEV LOPM NT BANK
GREEN CITYDEVELOPMENT TOOL KIT
MOST DOWNLOADED
greeen solutions for livable Cities
GrEEEn Solutions for Livable Cities is the result of a 2-year innovative, exploratory, and refl ective study of cities as unique urban spaces that support life, work, and play. It responds to major issues that af ect the quality of life
of urban residents. This publication of ers practical ways on how urban managers, urban practitioners, businesspeople, and citizens can engage to make cities more livable by building on their distinctive physical, social, cultural, and economic characteristics. It of ers integrated urban development solutions that can translate global development commitments into urban-level actions to achieve livable cities.
256 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2016ISBN 978-92-9257-350-8
$34.00
S AN D VELO MENT BANK
GREEEN SoLUTIONS
FOR LIVABLE CITIES
MOST DOWNLOADED
economics of Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in south AsiaOptions and Costs
ADB developing members in South Asia have been faced with the major challenge of sustaining rapid economic growth while reducing the overall intensity of energy
use and increasing energy ei ciency. This report synthesizes the results of national studies on options and costs of reducing harmful greenhouse gas emissions in Bangladesh, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka and examines the economics of cleaner technologies that promote low-carbon development and climate change mitigation.
158 pages, 6 x 9, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9092-143-1
$24.00
F n n ed nd r A B Au r l a o th s a
De e o me t a t e s p F c i y
Economics of Reduc ng
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
in South AsiaOptions and Costs
green Cities
Asia shares a vision of making all its cities livable one day. Essential to meeting the challenges of climate change and pollution are reducing energy demand in cities as well as the environmental impacts of energy production and consumption, and addressing the pollution of watersheds
and the air. This book concludes that more ei cient and ef ective management of the urbanization process, city form and design, urban density, transport systems, and logistics systems can help achieve this vision.
426 pages, 6 x 9, softbound, 2012ISBN 978-92-9092-896-6
$35.00
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 11
guidelines for Climate Proofi ng Investment in Agriculture, Rural development, and Food security
This publication aims to present a step-by-step methodological approach to assist project teams assess and
incorporate climate change adaptation measures into investment projects in agriculture, rural development, and food security. While the focus of the publication is at the project level, an improved understanding of climate change impacts should also be used to incorporate climate change considerations into agriculture planning and policy at the country level.
104 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2012ISBN 978-92-9092-997-0
$24.00
Guidel nes for Climate Proofing Investment in Agriculture,
Rural Development,and Food Security
Training Manual to support Country-driven gender and Climate ChangePolicies, Strategies, and Program Development
This publication aims to provide trainers, practitioners, and policy makers of environment and gender
mainstreaming agencies an understanding of key concepts and approaches to gender-responsive mitigation measures, strategies, and policies. It covers key concepts on gender and climate change and concludes with step-by-step guidelines for policy and decision makers to mainstream gender into climate policies and projects, with practical tools and exercises to support training on gender and climate change.
78 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2016ISBN 978-92-9257-254-9
$22.00
TRAINING MANUAL TO SUPPORT
COUNTRY-DRIVEN GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE Po ic es S rateg es and P ogram D velopment
Flood Risk Management in the People’s Republic of ChinaLearning to Live with Flood Risk
This publication presents a shift in the People’s Republic of China from fl ood control depending on structural measures to integrated fl ood
management using both structural and nonstructural measures. The core of the new concept of integrated fl ood management is fl ood risk management. Flood risk management is based on an analysis of fl ood hazard, exposure to fl ood hazard, and vulnerability of people and property to danger. It is recommended that people learn to live with fl ood risks, gaining and promoting a clear understanding of fl ood risks, quantifying and modifying the fl ood hazard, regulating exposure to the hazard, and reducing their vulnerability to danger.
78 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2012ISBN 978-92-9092-530-9
$22.00
Flood Risk Management in the People’s Republic of China
Learning to L ve w th F ood Risk
Yoshi ki Kobayashi and John W Por er
Climate Policies and Capacity
The economics of Climate Change in the Pacifi c
The Pacii c is highly vulnerable to the predicted ef ects of climate change, including higher sea levels, storm surges and cyclones, erratic rainfall patterns, and temperature fl uctuations. This study
identii es the ef ects and quantii es the costs of these adverse outcomes to Pacii c island economies particularly in agriculture, i sheries, tourism, coral reefs, and human health. It also presents policy recommendations and action steps for countries in the Pacii c to mitigate these impacts by mainstreaming climate change in their development plans and climate-prooi ng their programs and infrastructure in order to achieve poverty eradication and sustainable development.
100 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-318-1
$23.00
THE ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
IN THE PACIFIC
Disaster Risk Management
12 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
Water-Related disasters and disaster Risk Management in the People’s Republic of China
In the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the incidence of natural disasters—particularly water-related
disasters—are on the rise, resulting in an increased exposure to and vulnerability of the population to disasters. Coupled with anticipated increases in the frequency and intensity of weather-related events due to climate change, the PRC’s population is at heightened risk. This review focuses on water-related disasters, including identii cation of underlying causes, current management and policies to reduce risk, and opportunities for strengthening integrated disaster risk management in the PRC.
62 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-92-9257-149-8
$20.00
AS AN DEV LOPMENT BANK
WATER RELATED DISASTErS
AND DISASTEr rISK MANAGEMENT
IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Reducing disaster Risk by Managing Urban land UseGuidance Notes for Planners
This document provides guidance for urban planners on how to utilize land use management-related tools they have at their disposal—
land use planning, development control instruments, greeni eld development, and urban redevelopment—to reduce disaster risk and contribute to strengthening urban resilience and sustainable urban development. The guidance provided in the document is further illustrated through case studies showing examples where urban land use management-related tools have been adopted to reduce disaster risk.
100 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2016ISBN 978-92-9257-475-8
$23.00
AS AN DEVE OPMENT BANK
REDUCING DISASTER RISK BY MANAGING URBAN LAND USE
Guidance Notes for Planners
Making grasslands sustainable in MongoliaAdapting to Climate and Environmental Change
Climate change threatens grassland ecosystems and herders’ livelihoods in Mongolia. Herders depend on pasture and water resources for their livestock, and are thus among the most vulnerable groups to climate change impacts. Although climate change impacts on grassland ecosystems are measurable, current institutional capacity and i nancial resources limit implementation of adaptation practices. This publication reviews grassland management and traditional nomadic pastoralism in the local Mongolian context and identii es potential adaptation strategies and practices.
72 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-314-3
$21.00
M king Gr l n u t in bl in M ng li
A pting t Clim t n Envir nm nt l Ch ng
M T V M TA V M T
Disaster Risk Management
Making Grasslands Sustainable in MongoliaAssessment of Key Elements in the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions for Grassland and Livestock Management Development72 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-417-1$21.00
Making Grasslands Sustainable in MongoliaHerders’ Livelihoods and Climate Change44 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-373-0$20.00
Making Grasslands Sustainable in MongoliaInternational Experiences with Payments for Environmental Services in Grazing Lands and Other Rangelands64 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-415-7$20.00
Natural Resource Management
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12 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 13
Natural Resource Management
Urban Transport strategy to Combat Climate Change in the People’s Republic of China
This publication examines the problems and issues of urban transport in relation to climate change in the People’s Republic of China. It reviews international and
local best practices for addressing such challenges. It also identii es policies, strategies, and measures to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector and recommends applicable options for implementation in the country.
74 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2012ISBN 978-92-9092-572-9
$22.00
Urban Transport
Climate ChangeStrategy to
Combatin the Peop e s Repub ic of Ch na
Thinking about Water diff erentlyManaging the Water–Food–Energy Nexus
The water–food–energy nexus is emerging as a critical issue in Asia and the Pacii c. Solutions must be found to assure water security, thereby eliminating the immediate—
and increasing—risk to food security, energy security, and economic growth and stability. This publication is the result of a scoping study initiated by ADB to better understand the issues associated with the water–food–energy nexus in Asia and the Pacii c. It provides high-level guidance on the choices available to address the region’s water security issues.
46 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-92-9254-252-8
$20.00
Climate Proofi ng AdB’s Investments in the Transport sectorInitial Experiences
By improving connectivity and making the movement of goods and people more af ordable, transport contributes to economic growth, ei ciency, and
competitiveness while providing poor people with access to economic opportunities and services. Various components of the transport infrastructure are exposed and vulnerable to climate change. ADB has put in place a systematic framework guiding the conduct of climate risk and vulnerability assessments of investment projects. Ongoing initiatives will address some of the key challenges encountered when conducting climate risk and vulnerability assessments, including access to readily available climate change information.
118 pages, 8.5 x 11, softbound, 2014ISBN 978-92-9254-855-1
$24.00
CLIMATE PROOFING
ADB INVESTMENT
IN THE TRANSPORT SECTORINITIAL EXPERIENCE
AS AN DEVE OPMENT BANK
Sustainable Transport Asian Development Bank Institute
Climate Change in Asia and the Pacifi cHow Can Countries Adapt?
This book compiler policies and best practices on climate change adaptation, focusing on the structural and nonstructural measures applied in Asia and the Pacii c to adapt to climate change. The book focuses on
water resources, agriculture, and natural resources management—the most vital sectors for the region—from environmental, social, and economic perspectives. Although the book targets Asia and the Pacii c, key i ndings are relevant to other regions, such as Africa and Latin America.
388 pages, 6 x 9, hardbound, 2012ISBN 978-81-321-0894-8
$67.00Copublished with SAGE Publishing
For order information, visit us.sagepub.com
14 For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
Managing the Transition to a low-Carbon economyPerspectives, Policies, and Practices from Asia
This study recognizes low-carbon green growth as an imperative—not an option—for developing Asia. Asia has already started moving toward low-carbon green growth. Many emerging economies
have started using sustainable development to bring competitiveness to their industries and serve growing green technology markets. This book aims to share the experiences of developed Asian economies and the lessons they have learned. It assesses the low-carbon and green policies and practices adopted by developed Asian countries, identii es gaps, and examines new opportunities for low-carbon green growth.
440 pages, 6 x 9, softbound, 2015ISBN 978-4-89974-057-5
$39.00For order information, visit www.brookings.edu
disaster Risk Management in Asia and the Pacifi c
This book focused on disaster risk management to study the key trends in the region in terms of disaster incidence, sources of vulnerability, and social and economic challenges. The chapters are written by nine independent
internationally based authors. The analysis presented benei ts from their varied backgrounds in medicine, architecture, economics, engineering, planning, social studies, development studies, and political science. Throughout the book, relevant examples drawn from the region are included to “earth” the project in the harsh realities of risk and disaster impact.
340 pages, 6 x 9, hardbound, 2014ISBN 978-1-13878-502-1
$168.00Copublished with Routledge
For order information, visit www.routledge.com
low-Carbon green growth in AsiaPolicies and Practices
Asia is at a crossroads. It is the world’s most populous region, has a rising share of global greenhouse gas emissions, and is the region most vulnerable to climate risks. Developing Asia is in
critical need of low-carbon green growth. This book reviews low-carbon policy initiatives taken by Asian countries at the national, sectoral, and local levels. The goal of this study is to share with developing nations the experiences of advanced Asian economies and the lessons they have learned, while widening and deepening actions in both.
264 pages, 7.5 x 9.25, softbound, 2013ISBN 978-4-89974-037-3
$34.00For order information, visit www.brookings.edu
Low Carbon Green
Growth in Asia
Po icies and Practices
Asian Development Bank Institute
The environments of the Poor in south AsiaSimultaneously Reducing Poverty, Protecting the Environment, and Adapting to Climate Change
This book contains a multitude of studies of the environment–poverty relationship, such as those in
the drylands of Rajasthan and Odisha, the Sunderban Delta, the Nepalese uplands, the Sri Lankan and Bangladeshi coastlands, and the urban slums of India and Bangladesh. Floods, landslides, droughts, degradation of natural resources, and urban pollution exert a greater infl uence on the people in these areas than on those living in other geographical regions of South Asia.
380 pages, 6 x 9, hardbound, 2015ISBN 978-0-19945-363-4
$59.95Copublished with Oxford University Press
For order information, visit global.oup.com
For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications 15
Title Index
A
ADB and the Climate Investment Funds: Climate Change Innovation and Action in Asia and the Paciic ..............................8
Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Paciic ....................................................................................................9
Asian Water Development Outlook 2016: Strengthening Water Security in Asia and the Paciic ............................................................1
Assessing the Costs of Climate Change and Adaptation in South Asia .............................................................................................. 5
B
Building Gender into Climate Finance: ADB Experience with the Climate Investment Funds ..................................................8
Business Models to Realize the Potential of Renewable Energy and Energy Eiciency in the Greater Mekong Subregion ........2
C
Climate Change and Rural Communities in the Greater Mekong Subregion: A Framework for Assessing Vulnerability and Adaptation Options ................................................................................ 5
Climate Change in Asia and the Paciic: How Can Countries Adapt?..........................................................................................................13
Climate Change, Food Security, and Socioeconomic Livelihood in Paciic Islands .................................................................9
Climate Prooing ADB’s Investments in the Transport Sector: Initial Experiences ...................................................................................13
Climate Risk and Adaptation in the Electric Power Sector ..........6Costs of Adaptation to Rising Coastal Water Levels for
the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea ........................................................................................................6
D
Disaster Risk Management in Asia and the Paciic ........................ 14
E
Economic Analysis of Climate-Prooing Investment Projects ....6Economics of Climate Change in East Asia ........................................9The Economics of Climate Change in the Paciic ........................... 11Economics of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in
South Asia: Options and Costs .........................................................10Energy Eiciency Developments and Potential Energy Savings
in the Greater Mekong Subregion .....................................................2The Environments of the Poor in South Asia: Simultaneously
Reducing Poverty, Protecting the Environment, and Adapting to Climate Change ................................................................................. 14
F
Flood Risk Management in the People’s Republic of China: Learning to Live with Flood Risk ........................................................ 11
Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Asia: Trends, Impacts, and Reforms: Integrative Report .................................................................................... 3
Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Indonesia: Trends, Impacts, and Reforms ............................................................................................... 3
Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Thailand: Trends, Impacts, and Reforms ............................................................................................... 3
G
GrEEEn Solutions for Livable Cities .....................................................10Green Cities ...................................................................................................10Green City Development Tool Kit ........................................................10Green Growth, Resources, and Resilience: Environmental
Sustainability in Asia and the Paciic ................................................6Guidelines for Climate Prooing Investment in Agriculture,
Rural Development, and Food Security ......................................... 11Guidelines for Climate Prooing Investment in the Energy
Sector ............................................................................................................7
H
Handbook for Rooftop Solar Development in Asia ........................2
I
Improving Energy Eiciency and Reducing Emissions through Intelligent Railway Station Buildings ...............................2
Increasing Climate Change Resilience of Urban Water Infrastructure: Based on a Case Study from Wuhan City, People’s Republic of China ...................................................................7
Investing in Resilience: Ensuring a Disaster-Resistant Future .....7
K
Knowledge and Power: Lessons from ADB Energy Projects ....... 3
L
Low-Carbon Green Growth in Asia: Policies and Practices ....... 14
M
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Adapting to Climate and Environmental Change ......................................... 12
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Assessment of Key Elements in the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions for Grassland and Livestock Management Development ..... 12
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Herders’ Livelihoods and Climate Change ..................................................... 12
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: International Experiences with Payments for Environmental Services in Grazing Lands and Other Rangelands ...................................... 12
Managing the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy: Perspectives, Policies, and Practices from Asia .......................... 14
Monitoring, Reporting, and Veriication Manual for Clean Development Mechanism Projects .................................................. 3
P
Prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage in Southeast Asia ...4
R
Reducing Disaster Risk by Managing Urban Land Use: Guidance Notes for Planners ............................................................ 12
Renewable Energy Developments and Potential in the Greater Mekong Subregion ...................................................................................4
Roadmap for Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration and Deployment in the People’s Republic of China ...................4
S
Southeast Asia and the Economics of Global Climate Stabilization ................................................................................................1
Strengthening Carbon Financing for Grassland Management in the People’s Republic of China: Incentive Mechanisms and Implications .......................................................................................8
Strengthening Carbon Financing for Grassland Management in the People’s Republic of China: Mitigation Options in Grassland-Based Animal Husbandry ...............................................8
Strengthening Carbon Financing for Grassland Management in the People’s Republic of China: Potential Carbon Markets .........................................................................................................9
Sustainable Energy Access Planning: A Framework ........................4Sustainable Energy for All: Tracking Progress in Asia
and the Paciic .......................................................................................... 5
T
Technologies to Support Climate Change Adaptation in Developing Asia ..................................................................................7
Thinking about Water Diferently: Managing the Water–Food–Energy Nexus ...................................13
Training Manual to Support Country-Driven Gender and Climate Change: Policies, Strategies, and Program Development ............................................................................................ 11
U
Unlocking Indonesia’s Geothermal Potential ..................................... 5Urban Transport Strategy to Combat Climate Change
in the People’s Republic of China......................................................13
W
Water-Related Disasters and Disaster Risk Management in the People’s Republic of China..................................................... 12
16�For more information on ADB publications, visit www.adb.org/publications
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Asian Water Development Outlook 2016 Strengthening Water Security in Asia and the Pacifi c
The Asian Water Development Outlook charts progress in water security in Asia and the Pacifi c over the past 5 years. This 2016 edition of the report uses the latest available data to assess water security in fi ve key dimensions: household access to piped potable water and improved sanitation, economic water security, providing better urban water services to build more livable cities, restoring healthy rivers and ecosystems, and resilience to water disasters. The region shows a positive trend in strengthening water security since the 2013 edition of the report, when 38 out of 49 countries were assessed as water-insecure. In 2016, that number dropped to 29 out of 48 countries.
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Southeast Asia and the Economics of Global Climate Stabilization
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ASIAN WATER DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK 2016STRENGTHENING WATER SECURITY IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
SOUTHEAST ASIA AND
THE ECONOMICS OF GLOBAL
CLIMATE STABILIZATION
36 Southeast Asia and the Economics of Global Climate Stabilization
3.7 Harmonized Assumptions for Business-as-Usual Scenario
The BAU scenario was calibrated to (i) replicate the base year characteristics of the DA5, (ii) replicate credible projections of the main socioeconomic drivers in these countries, and (iii) harmonize assumptions across the ICES and WITCH models to facilitate comparative analysis.
For the non-DA5 economies, this calibration procedure is based on a “medium population—medium economic growth—fast convergence between regions” scenario that was constructed following the methodology developed in the Ampere project (Kriegler et al. 2014). Population reflects
the medium-population scenario of the United Nations 2010 Medium Term Projection (UNDESA 2011). In the case of the DA5 countries, growth rates for GDP and macrosectoral composition of value added for the ICES model have been derived from Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates (ADB 2011b) and validated through personal communication with local experts. In both ICES and WITCH, these GDP trends are replicated through modifications of total, factor-specific, or sector-specific productivity parameters.
Emissions of GHGs as output of the models are driven by the entire set of behavioral parameters governing supply and demand. ICES is different from WITCH both in the energy nest and in terms of trade representation, which means that emissions can be closely, but not fully, synchronized. As a result, ICES and WITCH are harmonized fully in terms of population and GDP and partially in
Inputs Calibration Outputs
Base yearparameters
HarmonizedBAU
Economic effects
Co-benefits
Scenarios
CO2 trade
Emissionstargets
Energy efficiencyresponses
Land useICES
Energy
WITCH
CO2 price
CO2 price
Land use
Energy
CO2 trade
Economic effects
Co-benefits
Figure 7:�Integrated Modeling Framework
BAU = business as usual, CO2 = carbon dioxide, ICES = Intertemporal Computable Equilibrium System, WITCH = World Induced Technical Change Hybrid.Source: ADB Study Team.
Methodology 37
Figure 8:�World Business-as-Usual Population, Gross Domestic Product, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, FFI = fossil fuel industrial, ICES = Intertemporal Computable Equilibrium System, MER = market exchange rate, WITCH = World Induced Technical Change Hybrid.Note: Excludes land use, land-use change, and forestry.Source: ADB Study Team.
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
8,500
9,000
9,500
Pe
op
le (
mil
lio
n)
Population
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Va
lue
in c
on
sta
nt
20
05
$ (
tril
lio
n)
GDP MER
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
CO
2 (g
iga
ton
s)
CO2 Emissions (FFI)
World, ICES World, WITCH
Year Year Year
Figure 9:�Indonesia and Southeast Asia Business-as-Usual Population, Gross Domestic Product, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
CO2 = carbon dioxide, GDP = gross domestic product, FFI = fossil fuel industrial, GDP = gross domestic product, ICES = Intertemporal Computable Equilibrium System, MER = market exchange rate, SEA = Southeast Asia, WITCH = World Induced Technical Change Hybrid. Source: ADB Study Team.
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
Pe
op
le (
mil
lio
n)
Population
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Va
lue
in c
on
sta
nt
20
05
$ (
tril
lio
n)
GDP MER
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
CO
2 (g
iga
ton
s)
CO2
Emissions (FFI)
Indonesia, ICES Indonesia, WITCH SEA, ICES SEA, WITCH
Year Year Year
terms of emissions (Figure 8). In the BAU, both models project a world population reaching roughly 9.3 billion, and a GDP of $170 trillion by 2050.3 Emissions from fossil fuel-intensive industries (i.e., excluding land-use emissions) are roughly comparable, steadily increasing, and expected to reach between 67 gigatons and 73 gigatons of CO2 equivalent by mid-century.
3 Statistics presented in this section are for Southeast Asia, as defined in WITCH, which includes countries additional to the DA5, such as Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, and the Pacific islands.
ICES and WITCH are also well harmonized regarding growth trends for population and GDP of Indonesia and the rest of Southeast Asia (Figure 9). Indonesia’s population increases from 0.24 billion in 2010 to 0.29 billion in 2050; and in the rest of Southeast Asia, from 0.39 billion to 0.52 billion. Both areas show strong GDP growth, with Indonesia’s reaching roughly $5 trillion and Southeast Asia’s reaching
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