Theoretical Perspectives

HPD 4C Working with School Age Children and Adolescents - Mrs. Filinov

How many legs????????

Old Woman or Young Girl

What do you see: Boat or…..?

Face or …………..?

What is this?

Can you see the cup or the faces?

Find the duck

Looking for the man?

Old man or a princess?

A theoretical perspective is a non-explanatory general framework.

It is meant to define a point of view within a discipline, which may include basic assumptions that draw attention to aspects of a phenomenon.

A theory is a proposed relationship between two or more concepts, often cause and effect.

theories are just a educated guess as to how and why a situation might occur

What is Theoretical Perspective

This is bcuseae the huammn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Amzanig, huh?

Can you read this?

The Six Major Theoretical

Perspectives

B1.1 explain human development throughout the lifespan according to structuralist theoretical perspectives (e.g., the stage theories of Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget)

B1.2 explain human development throughout the lifespan according to information-processing and learning theoretical perspectives (e.g., the theories of Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner, John B. Watson, Albert Bandura)

B1.3 explain human development throughout the lifespan according to systemic and humanistic theoretical perspectives (e.g., the theories of Urie Bronfenbrenner, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Bonnie Burstow, Barbara Rogoff)

Expectations

Focuses on the inner person Behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories and

conflicts that are generally beyond people's awareness and control.

Sigmund Freud Became convinced that patients difficulties were due to mental

rather than physical problems. Proposed that distress is due to problems that dated

back to childhood. Erik Erikson

Suggests that developmental change occurs throughout our lives in eight distinct stages.

The stages emerge in fixed pattern and they are similar for all people.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Considering the outer person. Suggests that the keys to understanding development are

observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment. John B. Watson - classical and operant conditioning

Psychology can never be as objective as chemistry or biology. Consciousness is not that easy.

“I can take a child and make him into anything, a beggar, a doctor, a thief.”

B.F. Skinner Believed that all behavior is a result of rewards and punishments in the

past. Ivan Pavlov

showed automatic/involuntary behavior in learned responses to specific stimuli in the environment.

Created “Classical Conditioning.” Albert Bandura – social cognitive learning theorists

Behavior is learned through observation and imitation

The Behavioral Perspective

Examining the roots of understanding Focuses on the process that allow people to

know, understand and think about the world.

Jean Piaget’s - Cognitive theory Studies children’s cognitive development. Studies how we attend, perceive, think, remember,

solve problems and arrive at beliefs. Lev Vygotsky’s - Sociocultural theory

Proposes that full understanding of development is impossible without taking into account the culture in which children develop.

The Cognitive Perspective

Concentrates on the unique qualities of human beings People have the natural tendency to make decisions

about their lives and control their behavior. Barbara Rogoff

focuses on the social and collaborative nature of learning and the different forms of guidance that an adult provides a child

Carl Rogers Former minister; believed all people strive for

perfection; some interrupted by a bad environment. Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of Needs

People’s struggle is to be the best they possibly can, known as self-actualization.

The Humanistic Perspective

Believes that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution and is characterized by critical and sensitive periods.

Charles Darwin Studied the evolution of finches and expands

his study to include humans. Konrad Lorenz

His work concentrates on human behavioral genetics

The Evolutionary Perspective

Emphasizes the system of support Seeks to explain individual knowledge,

development, and competencies in terms of guidance, support and structure provided by society.

Urie Bronfenbrenner According to U. Bronfenbrenner each person is

affected by interactions among a number of overlapping ecosystems.

Sociocultural Perspective