thermal conductive heating and steam-enhanced … · newmoa in-situ thermal remediation workshops...
TRANSCRIPT
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 1
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
John LaChanceVP HydrogeologyTerraTherm, Inc.
New England Waste Management Officials’ Association
In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopJune 13, 2012 – Quinebaug Valley Community College in Danielson, CT
June 14, 2012 - Westford Regency Inn and Conference Center in Westford, MA
ISTR Technology Alphabet Soup• Steam-Enhanced Extraction (SEE)*
• Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH)*Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) Electro-Thermal Dynamic Stripping Process (ET-DSP)
• In Situ Thermal Desorption (ISTD)* Thermal Conduction Heating (TCH) + Vacuum Recovery
• Combinations*: ISTD/SEE (ET-DSP/SEE)
• Radio Frequency Heating
Focus of Talk *Offered by TerraTherm, Inc.
2NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 2
ISTD/TCH* - Heating governed by thermal conductivity (f~3) nearly uniform
ERH/ET-DSP* - Heating governed by electrical conductivity (f~200) may require stacked electrodes
SEE* - Heating governed by hydraulic conductivity non-uniform steam flow
*Offered by TerraTherm, Inc.
3NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
TerraTherm ISTD/TCH Heaters
Covered by one or more of the following: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,190,405, 5,318,116, 6,485,232 and 6,632,047. International patents (e.g., EPC 1272290).
4NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 3
Heater Only Well
Horizontal Vapor Collection Screen
Steam Zone Steam Zone
ISTDISTD(TCH + Vacuum)(TCH + Vacuum)
DNAPL DNAPL
In-Situ TemperaturesEarly in Treatment
e.g., 30 days
In-Situ TemperaturesLater in Treatment
e.g., 90 days
100C50C
5NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Vapor treatment
Treated vapor to atmosphere
ISTD: Typical Simplified Site ISTD: Typical Simplified Site LayoutLayout
Power distribution system
Knockout pot
Blower
Water treatmentDischarge
Heater wells
Extraction well
Heat exchanger
Pump
DischargeVapor cap
Treatment area foot-print
Temperature and pressure monitoring holes
6NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 4
SEE Typical Layout
Steam, upper
Steam, lowerExtraction well
7NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Steam Injection ManifoldSteam Injection Manifold
8NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 5
Power
ISTD+SEEISTD+SEEin Complex Stratigraphyin Complex Stratigraphy
Extraction
Top soil/clay
Permeable zone
Vapor cap
Steam Power Power Steam
SteamSteam
ClayTCHTCH
9NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
TCH CVOC BTEXChloro-
benzenes Gasoline DieselOils > 50
cpCreosote, 10-100 cp
MGP coal tar,
viscous
Sand, vadose EffectiveSand, saturatedSilt, vadose Promising/site specificSilt, saturatedClay, vadose Problematic/unprovenClay, saturatedCrystalline rock Will not be effectiveCemented sedimentary rockOrganic rockOrganic rock
SEE CVOC BTEXChloro-
benzenes Gasoline DieselOils > 50
cpCreosote, 10-100 cp
MGP coal tar,
viscous
Sand, vadose EffectiveSand, saturatedSilt, vadose Promising/site specificSilt, saturatedClay, vadose Problematic/unprovenClay, saturatedCrystalline rock Will not be effectiveCemented sedimentary rockOrganic rock
TCH+SEE CVOC BTEXChloro-
benzenes Gasoline DieselOils > 50
cpCreosote, 10-100 cp
MGP coal tar,
viscous
Sand, vadose EffectiveSand, saturatedSilt, vadose Promising/site specificSilt, saturatedClay, vadose Problematic/unprovenClay, saturatedCrystalline rock Will not be effectiveCemented sedimentary rockOrganic rock
10NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 6
Are the COCs volatile?
ISTD >100oC
No
No Yes
Yes
Stringent COC soil treatment criteria?
Start
Primary Factors Affecting Selection of Treatment Technology/Approach
- BP/VP of COCs- Cleanup Criteria - GW flux- Bedrock
Is there a high-flow aquifer?
ISTD, ERH or ET-DSPTM
(100oC)
ISTD 100oC
Is there a thick clay layer?
SEE
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Is bedrock present in the treatment zone?
Bedrock- Stratigraphy
SEE combined with ISTD, ERH or ET-DSPTM (100oC)
Simplified decision tree for identifying applicable thermal technologies for a site
Yes
11NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Fill
S d/ ilt
Example Source Area DNAPL and VOC DistributionExample Source Area DNAPL and VOC Distribution
Sand/silt
Clay
Gravel/weathered rock aquifer (v>1 ft/d)
Fractured bedrock
12NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 7
Fill
ISTDISTD
Extraction well
ISTD heater boring
Sand/silt
Clay
Cool Gravel/weathered rock aquifer (v>1 ft/d)
Fractured bedrock
water flow
13NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Fill
ISTD ISTD –– ResultResult
Extraction well
ISTD heater boring
Sand/silt
Clay
Gravel/weathered rock aquifer (v>1 ft/d)
Fractured bedrock
14NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 8
Fill
ISTD ISTD -- SEE CombinationSEE Combination
Steam injection well
Extraction well
ISTD heater boring
Sand/silt
Clay
Gravel/weathered rock aquifer (v>1 ft/d)
Fractured bedrock
15NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Fill
ISTD ISTD -- SEE Combination SEE Combination –– ResultResult
Steam injection well
Extraction well
ISTD heater boring
Sand/silt
Clay
Gravel/weathered rock aquifer (v>1 ft/d)
Fractured bedrock
16NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 9
Data Needs
• Good Conceptual ModelD fi iti f t t t– Definition of treatment zone
– Comprehensive list of COCs, concentrations, and mass estimates
– Geology and Hydrogeology (stratigraphy, permeability, hydraulic gradients, gw flow velocities))
• Treatment Objectives• Site Constraints
17NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Remediation using ISTD and steam – source removal and plume effectsLindven, Denmark
18NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 10
Why stay and listen?• DNAPL source zone “removed” – does it make
a difference?• How to use thermal in tight spaces under
buildings• Use of steam and conductive heating together
– the site conditions should determine which th d t h t th dmethod, not what the vendor says
• Thermal is cool!
19NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Why clean up? Plume length >3,300 ft
Two municipal wells downgradient of site – supplyingmore than 100,000 citizens
Groundwater velocity ~160 ft/year
Remediation objective: Clean up source zone
Hoejby Water board
Lindved Water board
Contaminated Site
Plume
20NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 11
Source zone location
Dry cleaning facility
Operations had to continue during the source removal
21NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
FillLeaking
ti t k
Building
Hydraulic head in clay layer
Depth bgs0 m / 0 ft1 m / 3 ft
Contaminant distribution, geology and hydrogeologyCl
ayey
till
separation tank
Hydraulic head in sand/gravel
Hydraulic head in clay layer
4 m / 13 ft
11 m / 36 ft
PCE
Sand
/gra
vel
Target treatment zoneArea: 2,700 ft2
Volume: 3,300 cyTreatment depth: 13-43 ft bgs
13 m / 43 ft
22NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 12
Fill
BuildingDepth bgs
0 m / 0 ft1 m / 3 ft
Thermal Concept (SEE and TCH)
Clay
ey ti
ll
4 m / 13 ft
11 m / 36 ft
Sand
/gra
vel
/
13 m / 43 ft
23NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Fill
BuildingDepth bgs
0 m / 0 ft1 m / 3 ft
Thermal Concept (SEE and TCH)Cl
ayey
till
4 m / 13 ft
11 m / 36 ft
Sand
/gra
vel
/
13 m / 43 ft
24NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 13
Fill
BuildingDepth bgs
0 m / 0 ft1 m / 3 ft
Thermal Concept (SEE and TCH)
Clay
ey ti
ll
4 m / 13 ft
11 m / 36 ft
Sand
/gra
vel
/
13 m / 43 ft
25NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Fill
BuildingDepth bgs
0 m / 0 ft1 m / 3 ft
Thermal Concept (SEE and TCH)Cl
ayey
till
4 m / 13 ft
11 m / 36 ft
Sand
/gra
vel
/
13 m / 43 ft
26NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 14
Drilling between dry cleaning machines, walls, cables and pipes
27NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Indoor heater installation
28NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 15
Vapor
Heater
pcollector
Deep extraction well
Wells
29NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Treatment system in two levels due to limited space at site
30NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 16
80
100
120[
de
g C
]
8000
10000
12000
mg
/m3
]
Steam heat-up (38 days) Hot floor (70 days)
Average Temperature and ConcentrationCooling (17 days)
40
60
80
Ave
rag
e T
emp
era
ture
[
4000
6000
8000
PC
E c
on
cen
tra
tio
n [
m
Temperature ISTD Zone [C]Temperature Steam Zone [C]PCE concentration [mg/m3]
Mass removed ~ 4,000 kg
Confirmation Sampling
0
20
6-287-12
7-268-9
8-239-6
9-2010-4
10-18
11-111-15
A
0
2000[ g ]
31NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Hot Soil Sampling - Equipment
• Intact core samples are needed to minimize vaporization of CVOCs during sampling
• Samples typically collected using a core barrel-type sampler equipped with stainless steel or Teflon sleeves
• Lengths and diameter of sample tools may vary from driller to driller
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 17
Hot Soil Sampling - Sample Collection• The core barrel sampler and sample sleeve are assembled and
advanced to the desired depth• Samples are collected• Full recovery not always possible
• Standard drilling equipment utilized
• Once removed from the borehole, the core barrel is disassembled and the sample sleeve is removed
• The ends of the sample sleeve are immediately covered with Teflon tape and capped
Hot Soil Sampling - Sample Collection (Cont.)
p pp
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 18
• Samples are placed into an ice bath for cooling containing drains to allow melt water to freely drain
• Once cooled to a temperature no higher than 10⁰C (50⁰F) the sample is ready to be containerized
Hot Soil Sampling - Sample Collection (Cont.)
p y
• Samples are sealed tightly in a plastic bag for shipment to the laboratory
• Laboratory will extrude the soil • Alternatively the cooled samples may
Hot Soil Sampling - Sample Collection (Cont.)
Alternatively, the cooled samples may be processed in the field
• Commercial systems like the En Core®
sampler may also be utilized
www.ennovativetech.com
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 19
Soil concentrations before remediation
0
2
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
Concentration [mg/kg]
PCE i soil prior treatment [mg/kg]
Average pre: 340 mg/kg
4
6
8
10
Dep
th [
m b
gs]
g p g/ g
Max pre: 13,000 mg/kg
10
12Detection limit Remediation goal
37NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
0
2
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
Concentration [mg/kg]
PCE i soil post treatment [mg/kg]
Soil concentrations after remediation
4
6
8
10
De
pth
[m
bg
s]
Average post: 0.50 mg/kg
Max post: 4.4 mg/kg
10
12Detection limit Remediation goal
Mass remaining in source zone: 10 kg (22 lbs). Removal efficiency: 99.75%
38NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 20
Effect on plume?
146.517
B415
B405
B407
B408
G5
G6
B410
B404
B403
Tetrachlorethylen (PCE)
146.533
0 50 m
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
21-08-06
19-11-06
17-02-07
18-05-07
16-08-07
14-11-07
12-02-08
12-05-08
10-08-08
08-11-08
06-02-09
07-05-09
05-08-09
03-11-09
01-02-10
02-05-10
31-07-10
Dato
Ko
nce
ntr
atio
n (
µg
/l)
E1-PCE E4-PCE I5-PCE
Oprensning
• Mass discharge reduced following thermal treatment
39NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Predicted PCE Plume - Without Source Removal - expected to reach municipal wells
40NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 21
Predicted PCE Plume - With Source Removal-- mass flux significantly reduced
- natural degradation attenuates plume- municipal drinking water wells protected
41NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
• 4000 kg of DNAPL were removed – 10 kg left
• Mass discharge reduced by ~ 300-800 times
• Plume has started shrinking
Conclusion
• Long-term benefit predicted – no need to treat groundwater for drinking purposes
42NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 22
Fractured Rock Site in Southeastern US
• Focused Cleanup of TCE Source Zone– DNAPL
– Above and below the water table– Above and below the water table
– Saprolite, weathered bedrock, and fractured bedrock
• Leave groundwater plume for MNA and/or Enhanced Bio
• November 2006 to July 2007
• Active Manufacturing Facilityg y
43NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Fractured Rock Site Fractured Rock Site -- Plan ViewPlan View
44NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 23
ISTD WellfieldISTD Wellfield
Heater Well
Heater Vacuum Well
Vapor Collection Manifold
45NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Conceptual CrossConceptual Cross--Section Through Treatment Section Through Treatment ZoneZone
Fill/Saprolite30 ft
Fill/Saprolite30 ft
Saprolite 55 ft
75 ft
90 ft
Weathered BR
Saprolite 55 ft
75 ft
90 ft
Weathered BR
BR – FRX Gneiss
Weathered BR
Treatment zone = 8,700 cy
BR – FRX Gneiss
Weathered BR
Treatment zone = 8,700 cy
46NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 24
ISTD Thermal WellsISTD Thermal Wells
Fill/Saprolite
Heater Well
Heater Vacuum Well To off gas treatment
Fill/Saprolite
Heater Well
Heater Vacuum Well To off gas treatment
Fill/Saprolite
Saprolite 55 ft
30 ft
75 ft
90 ft
Fill/Saprolite
Saprolite 55 ft
30 ft
75 ft
90 ft
Weathered BR
BR – FRX Gneiss
Boostedgrout
Weathered BR
BR – FRX Gneiss
Boostedgrout
47NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Starting Temperature ProfileStarting Temperature Profile
Fill
Temperature Profiles at Thermocouples T1 - T7
0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Temperature - oF
2/1/2007Starting Temperature
Boiling PointH2O
Fill
Temperature Profiles at Thermocouples T1 - T7
0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Temperature - oF
2/1/2007Starting Temperature
Boiling PointH2O
Saprolite
10
20
30
40
50Dep
th -
Ft
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Hea
ted
Inte
rval
Temperature Profile
H2O
W th d B d k
Saprolite
10
20
30
40
50Dep
th -
Ft
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Hea
ted
Inte
rval
Temperature Profile
H2O
W th d B d k
BR – FRX Gneiss
60
70
80
90
Weathered Bedrock
BR – FRX Gneiss
60
70
80
90
Weathered Bedrock
48NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 25
Temperature Profile at 4 WeeksTemperature Profile at 4 Weeks
Fill
Temperature Profiles at Thermocouples T1 - T7
0
10
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Temperature - oF
2/27/2007Fill
Temperature Profiles at Thermocouples T1 - T7
0
10
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Temperature - oF
2/27/2007Fill
Temperature Profiles at Thermocouples T1 - T7
0
10
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Temperature - oF
2/27/2007
Saprolite
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dep
th -
Ft
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Weathered Bedrock
Saprolite
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dep
th -
Ft
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Weathered Bedrock
Saprolite
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dep
th -
Ft
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Weathered Bedrock
BR – FRX Gneiss
60
70
80
90
Weathered Bedrock
BR – FRX Gneiss
60
70
80
90
Weathered Bedrock
BR – FRX Gneiss
60
70
80
90
Weathered Bedrock
49NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Final Temperatures within Treatment ZoneFinal Temperatures within Treatment Zone
Fill
Temperature Profiles at Thermocouples T1 - T7
0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Temperature - oF
5/29/2007Fill
Temperature Profiles at Thermocouples T1 - T7
0
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Temperature - oF
5/29/2007Fill
Saprolite
10
20
30
40
50Dep
th -
Ft
5/29/2007
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Fill
Saprolite
10
20
30
40
50Dep
th -
Ft
5/29/2007
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
BR – FRX Gneiss
60
70
80
90
Weathered Bedrock
BR – FRX Gneiss
60
70
80
90
Weathered Bedrock
50NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 26
Mass Removal During ISTD TreatmentMass Removal During ISTD Treatment
14.0
16.0
18.0
6.00
7.00
~12,000 lbs ofTCE14.0
16.0
18.0
6.00
7.00
~12,000 lbs ofTCE
4 0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Rem
ov
al R
ate
(lb
s/h
r)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
To
tal R
emo
ved
(T
on
s)
4 0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Rem
ov
al R
ate
(lb
s/h
r)
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
To
tal R
emo
ved
(T
on
s)
0.0
2.0
4.0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150
Days after Initial Startup (Jan 29, 2007)
0.00
1.00
Removal Rate Total Removed
0.0
2.0
4.0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150
Days after Initial Startup (Jan 29, 2007)
0.00
1.00
Removal Rate Total Removed
51NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Confirmation Soil Data: ISTD Project in Confirmation Soil Data: ISTD Project in Fractured RockFractured Rock
0
10
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000
g/kg TCE
0
10
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000
g/kg TCE
20
30
40
50
60
Location 1
Location 2
Location 3
ft b
gs
56
20
30
40
50
60
Location 1
Location 2
Location 3
ft b
gs
56
70
80
90
Location 4
Location 5
Location 6
MaxPre-Treatment
ND DNAPLCleanup Objective: 95% UCL of mean less than 60 g.kg
Min. Soil Conc.For DNAPL
foc: 0.05% - 0.1%n: 0.3-0.35
95% UCL of mean TCE conc. = 17 g/kg
Samples
70
80
90
Location 4
Location 5
Location 6
MaxPre-Treatment
ND DNAPLCleanup Objective: 95% UCL of mean less than 60 g.kg
Min. Soil Conc.For DNAPL
foc: 0.05% - 0.1%n: 0.3-0.35
95% UCL of mean TCE conc. = 17 g/kg
Samples
52NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 27
Summary, ISTD Project in Fractured RockSummary, ISTD Project in Fractured Rock
Rock heats more readily than overburden (less water and porosity).
Crystalline rock cleans up readily.
Total project cost including power: ~$1.1M
~1.5M kWhr or 170 kWhr/cy.
Unit cost including power: $125/cy (power: ~$12/cy)
53NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
Summary• Steam-Enhanced Extraction (SEE)*
• Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH)*Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) Electro-Thermal Dynamic Stripping Process (ET-DSP)
• In Situ Thermal Desorption (ISTD)* Thermal Conduction Heating (TCH) + Vacuum Recovery
• Combinations*: ISTD/SEE (ET-DSP/SEE)
• Radio Frequency Heating
Focus of Talk *Offered by TerraTherm, Inc.
54NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 28
Think Thermal When… You have a Source Zone, or Hot Spots Site is Heterogeneous and/or Low in Permeability Stringent Cleanup Levels Must be Achieved,Stringent Cleanup Levels Must be Achieved,
Quickly (or you just need to remove a lot of mass)
Excavation is Ruled Out or Impractical
Thermal is Especially Well Suited if: The Treatment Zone is Deep There’s a Mixture of Contaminants There s a Mixture of Contaminants The Site is Complex, and/or Long-Term O&M is Too Costly
55
NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop 56
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 29
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL -HOT SOIL SAMPLING
Griepke-Nielsen, S., et al, Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA. 2012
NEWMOA Thermal Remediation Workshop 57
Soil Sampling during and after Thermal –How and When?
Steffen Griepke Nielsen, Pia Juul Jensen (formerly NIRAS A/S, Alleroed, Denmark)Gorm Heron (TerraTherm, Inc., Bakersfield, CA USA)
Jim Galligan and John LaChance (TerraTherm, Inc., Gardner, MA USA)Peder Johansen (Capital Region of Denmark, Hillerød, Denmark)
Niels Ploug, Jesper Holm (Krüger, Gladsaxe, Denmark)
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 30
H l h t il f li bl CVOC t ti
Key Questions
• How can one sample hot soil for reliable CVOCs concentration data?
• Will the thermally treated site experience rebound during the cooling period?
• Will it be necessary to repeat soil sampling once the site cools?
Sampling Equipment
• Intact core samples are needed to minimize vaporization of CVOCs during sampling
• Samples typically collected using a core barrel-type sampler equipped with stainless steel or Teflon sleeves
• Lengths and diameter of sample tools may vary from driller to driller
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 31
Equipment Decontamination
• Downhole equipment (augers, core barrels, drive rods, etc.) must be decontaminated prior to use
• Samples sleeves and end caps must be decontaminated if reused
Sample Collection• The core barrel sampler and sample sleeve are assembled and
advanced to the desired depth• Samples are collected• Full recovery not always possible
• Standard drilling equipment utilized
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 32
• Once removed from the borehole, the core barrel is disassembled and the sample sleeve is removed
• The ends of the sample sleeve are immediately covered with Teflon tape and capped
Sample Collection (Cont.)
p pp
• Samples are placed into an ice bath for cooling containing drains to allow melt water to freely drain
• Once cooled to a temperature no higher than 10⁰C (50⁰F) the sample is ready to be containerized
Sample Collection (Cont.)
p y
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 33
• Samples are sealed tightly in a plastic bag for shipment to the laboratory
• Laboratory will extrude the soil • Alternatively the cooled samples may
Sample Collection (Cont.)
Alternatively, the cooled samples may be processed in the field
• Commercial systems like the En Core®
sampler may also be utilized
www.ennovativetech.com
Reerslev – PCE Source Zone with Plume
Source zoneClay
Sand
Clay
Limestone
• Area: 1,300 m2
• Volume: 11,500 m3
• Days of operation:169 days• CVOC mass removed: 2,300 -2,500 kg PCE (>97% of mass was PCE)
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 34
Reerslev (Capital Region of Denmark) - ISTD
N S
W
E
Wellfield Layout
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 35
Pre-treatment
6 weeks prior to shut-down
5 locations
1st post-treatment
12 locations
2nd post-treatment4 locations
Sample Collection
12 locations38 samples
17 samples 50 samples 17 samples
9/201111/2009
11/200910/20093-5/2009
22 months
2 weeks prior to shut-down
6 locations30 samples
Pre-Treatment PCE Soil Concentrations
Pre-Treatment38 samplesMax: 360.4 mg/kgAvg: 41.3 mg/kg
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Soil Concentrations [mg/kg]
1
2
3
4
5
6Dept
h [m
bgs
]
7
8
9
10
D
PCE Soil Concentrations - Pre-Treatment
Detection Limit Remediation Goal
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 36
1st Event – Random Sampling
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Sampling Subset
Sample Locations
1st post treatment sampling event
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 37
1st Post-Treatment Soil Sampling Event
1st Post-Treatment50 samplesMax: 0.057 mg/kgAvg: 0.014 mg/kg
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Soil Concentrations [mg/kg]
1
2
3
4
5
6Dept
h [m
bgs
]
7
8
9
10
D
PCE Soil Concentrations - 1st Post-Treatment Sampling Event
Detection Limit Remediation Goal
120T6 - 4.0 m bgs T6 - 10.0 m bgs T18 - 1.0 m bgs T18 - 4 m bgs
Post-Treatment Temperature Monitoring
• Temperatures monitored at 2 locations post-treatment• Eight temperature monitoring rounds over a 22 month
period
60
80
100
120
atur
e [°
C]
2nd post-treatment soil sampling event
0
20
40
8/15/09 11/14/09 2/13/10 5/15/10 8/14/10 11/13/10 2/12/11 5/14/11 8/13/11 11/12/11
Tem
pera
Shut-down and 1st
post-treatment soil samling event
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 38
Sample Locations
1st post treatment sampling event2nd post treatment sampling event
2nd Post Treatment Soil Sampling Event
2nd Post Treatment17 samplesMax: <0.01 mg/kgAvg: <0.01 mg/kg
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Soil Concentrations [mg/kg]
1
2
3
4
5
6epth
[m b
gs]
6
7
8
9
10
De
PCE Soil Concentrations - 2nd Post-Treatment Sampling Event
Detection Limit Remediation Goal
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 39
Comparison of Pre- and Post-Treatment Soil Concentrations
Pre-Treatment38 samplesMax: 360.4 mg/kgAvg: 41.3 mg/kg
Post Treatment
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Soil Concentrations [mg/kg]
Post-Treatment67 samplesMax: 0.057 mg/kgAvg: ND-0.014 mg/kgDRE: 99.9-100%
1
2
3
4
5
6Dept
h [m
bgs
]
7
8
9
10
D
PCE Soil Concentrations - Pre-TreatmentPCE Soil Concentrations - 1st Post-Treatment Sampling EventPCE Soil Concentrations - 2nd Post-Treatment Sampling Event
Detection Limit Remediation Goal
Lessons Learned
• How can one sample hot soil for reliable CVOCs concentration data?
Use proper hot soil sampling procedures.
Will h h ll d i i b d d i h• Will the thermally treated site experience rebound during the cooling period?
No, data collected in this study documents that no reboundoccurs following cooling when the flux of contaminants backinto the TTZ is limited.
• Will it be necessary to repeat soil sampling once the site cools?
N d ll d i hi d d h CVOCNo, data collected in this study documents that CVOCconcentrations actually decreased after 22 months of coolingdue to biological polishing at the Reerslev site.
NEWMOA In-Situ Thermal Remediation WorkshopsJune 13 and 14, 2012
Thermal Conductive Heating and Steam-Enhanced Extraction
6/11/2012 40
Capital Region of Denmark. 2008a. MW Gjøes Vej, Reerslev. Forklassificerings-undersøgelse. NIRAS. May 2008 (in Danish).
Capital Region of Denmark. 2008b. MW Gjøes Vej, Reerslev. Supplerende Undersøgelser –Supplerende Forklassificering, Risikovurdering og Ventilationstest. NIRAS, August 2008 (in Danish)
References
Danish).
Capital Region of Denmark. 2011. ISTD Entreprise, Entreprise 1, MW Gjøes Vej, Reerslev. Slutdokumentation. NIRAS. February 2011 (in Danish).Capital Region of Denmark. 2012. ISTD Oprensning, MW Gjøes Vej, Reerslev. Jordprøvetagning i Afkølet Område. NIRAS. January 2012 (in Danish).
Gaberell, M., A. Gavaskar, E. Drescher, J. Sminchak, L. Cumming, W.-S. Yoon, and S. De Silva. 2002. “Soil Core Characterization Strategy at DNAPL Sites Subjected to Strong Thermal or Chemical Remediation.” in: A.R. Gavaskar and A.S.C. Chen (Eds.), Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds—2002. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds (Monterey, CA; May 2002). ISBN 1-57477-132-9. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.
TerraTherm. 2011. Standard Operating Procedure. Hot Soil Sampling for Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds. TerraTherm. December 2009.