thesis for print

Title of the Thesis: Good Governance and Parliamentary Democracy in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study

[Submitted to the Department of Politics and Public Administration, Islamic University, Kushtia for the fulfillment of the Degree of Master

of Development Studies (MDS)]

Submitted To:Professor Dr. Md. Makhluqur RahmanDepartment of Politics and Public Administration Islamic University, Kushtia

Submitted By:MD. Ashadulla Sadat Master of Development Studies (MDS)Department of Politics and Public AdministrationRegistration No.Roll No. 06014003Islamic University, Kushtia

DEDICATED TO

My ParentsLate: Sher Ali

Mrs: Majeda Khatun

My elder brother Md.Giash uddin

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that MD. Ashadulla Sadat is a student of Master of Development Studies (MDS) bearing roll No.06014003 session(Jan-Dec),2014 successfully completed his Thesis. His Thesis Title was: Good Governance and Parliamentary Democracy in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study under my supervision for the fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Development Studies (MDS).He has done his job according my supervision and guidance. He has tried his best to do these duties successfully.

I wish him success and prosperity.

Professor Dr. Md. Makhluqur RahmanDepartment of Politics and Public Administration Islamic University, Kushtia

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this thesis represents my own work which has been done after registration for the degree of Master of Development Studies (MDS )of Department of Politics and Public Administration of Islamic University, Kushtia, and has not been previously included in any other thesis submitted to this or any other institution for a degree ,diploma or other qualifications.

Signature: MD. Ashadulla Sadat

Thesis Acknowledgement

At first, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Professor Dr. Md. Makhluqur Rahman, Department of Politics and Public Administration, Islamic University, Kushtia for his the continuous support, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge helped me successfully carried out this assignment.

I am also grateful and indebted to my respected teachers for their excellent delivery that I have been presented with in the classes of Masters of Development Studies (MDS) in Department of Politics and Public Administration, Islamic University, Kushtia. My heartfelt gratitude goes to Professor Md. Makhluqur Rahman, Ph.D, IBSA. A.K.M Motinur Rahman, M.A, (sydney), Ph.D .Mohammad Selim, MSS, DU. M.Phil. Norway Mohammed Asaduzzaman, Ph.D, (Finland). Mohammad Zulfiquar Hossain, Ph.D, MSS, DU, Associate Professor Md. Gias Uddin, MSS, CU. Munshi Murtoza Ali, MSS, Mphil, IU. Assistant Professor Md. Lutfor Rahman,,MSS, IU. Md. Fakrul Islam, MSS. DU

I am also grateful to my senior colleague TARIQ, AHMMAD ZAMAN urban planer (RC) of UGIIP-2 project who gave me suggestion and encourages admitting Masters of Development Studies (MDS) in Islamic University, Kushtia.

I would like to thanks my friends Md. Masudujjaman, Md. Kamal Ahmed Siddique and Md. Mizanur Rahman and other well-wishers.

I would like to offer my heartfelt thanks Md. Nasim who has undertaken the correction task of this thesis and sacrificed his valuable time.

Finally, I would like to give thanks to my beloved wife, MRS. Jebuka Sultana for her sacrificing life’s comfort and taking care of our only one daughter Muntahina Sadat, who has successfully completed class three from Kanchan Nagar Model High School and college, Jheniadah.

Good governance and parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh: An empirical study

Abstract: Bangladesh begins its journey with parliamentary government

system, and especially from 1991 it continues practicing the parliamentary

system effectively in spite of having some varieties for two decades. But

after 10th parliamentary general election), which was held in 5th January,

2014; the parliamentary system of Bangladesh has been questionable. Now a

days, good governance and parliamentary democracy system of Bangladesh

is a highly discussed issue in national, regional and international arena. The

purpose of this study is to draw parliamentary democracy system in

Bangladesh, and to understand parliamentary democracy system through

practical field experience as well as to know how to solve this problem in

the context of field experience. This field study was conducted at Jheniadah

Sadar upzilla in Jheniadah district, and the period was from) 10th June to 6th

July, 2014. More than 35 people are (have) participated in this study. 35

people are divided into seven groups; vis. Farmer, Female, Teacher,

Politician, Elite, Business man and Civil Society member and each group

has 5 members. The interview was selected by random sampling. Most of

the participants’ opinions about good governance is that the people should

follow and obey good governance, at the same time the government should

ensure or establish equity for all in all sectors. In parliamentary democracy

system people want to arrange a general election with inclusive participation

further they want the four pillars of government vis. Legislate,

Administration, Executive and Judiciary to remain impartial and

independent. More than 93 percent of the participants voice their opinioned

that, the Caretaker Government is required for General Election of

Bangladesh. In the present context of Bangladesh, arranging general election

is very difficult except a Caretaker government. The role of parliamentary

democracy for establishing good governance are- to give high priority in

selecting chairperson of parliamentary standing committee from opposition

party MPS and to give available time for discussion according to

parliamentary customs and also to avoid boycott culture from parliament.

Most of them think that, in 1991, election was held fair and free because the

than caretaker government was impartial and it had the ability to organize

strong election commission. To answer the question: “Which Government is

the better, parliamentary democracy or presidential democracy?” most of

them said that the parliamentary one is the better of the two, because there

lies a possible reflection of the peoples’ hope and aspiration on the

parliamentary system, and any national issues or problems can be solved

with the discussion of all MPS within the parliament. Nepotism, Corruption

and politicizing in all sectors and voracity for power of political parties, as

well as the lack of rules are some of the main challenges of parliamentary

democracy. If we want to win this challenge, we need to make strong

relationship among all political parties and to arrange a meaningful dialogue

among all political parties. It is a must for a state to make the parliament

effective and functional and a center of all debates. On the other hand, the

Government and Opposition party need to work together for the wellbeing of

the nation. Constructive criticism on Government activities from the Civil

Society and Mass media can play vital role to make the parliament

democratic and effective place for deciding stately functions. Any national

problem or crisis should be solved by meaningful dialogue among political

parties through home grown culture, and also any foreign intervention

should be avoided.

TABLE OF CONTENTSPage

Abstract 1-2

1.0 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------- 3

2.0 Research Methodology--------------------------------------------- 3

3.0 Research Objective------------------------------------------------- 3

4.0 Theatrical Framework-------------------------------------------- 4-9

5.0 Data Analysis------------------------------------------------------ 9-24

6.0 Observations------------------------------------------------------ 24-26

7.0 Recommendations-------------------------------------------------- 26

8.0 Conclusions----------------------------------------------------------- -27

9.0 Reference--------------------------------------------------------------- 27

Annexure –1: Format of formal interview--------------------------- 28

Annexure –2: Participant list ----------------------------------------- 29- 30

Good governance and parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh: An empirical study

1.0 Introduction: In 1971, Bangladesh emerges as an independent

country after 9 months liberation war against the occupying of Pakistani

army. Now a day’s good governance is highly discussed issue in

Bangladesh. Accountability, transparency and participation are three key

principles of good governance. Bangladesh begins its journey with

parliamentary system, and especially from 1991 it continues the

parliamentary system effectively in spite of having some varieties for almost

2 decades. Effective parliament is crucial to ensure good governance.

Parliament is vital to oversee all matters related to good governance.

Parliamentary oversight plays the watch dog function of the legislature.

2.0 Research Methodology: This field study was conducted at

Jheniadah Sadar upzilla under Jheniadah district and the period was selected

from 10th June to 6th July, 2014. More than 35 people are participated in this

study. 35 people are divided into seven groups, vis. Farmer, Female,

Teacher, Politician, Elite, Business man as well as civil society member and

each group have 5 members. I personally went to them and asked them

through formal interview moreover the interview was selected adopting

random sampling.

3.0 Research Objective:

• To highlight the scenery of parliamentary democracy system in

Bangladesh.

• To understand parliamentary democracy through practical field

experience.

• To solve and recommend about this problem.

4.0 Theatrical Framework:

1. Good governance and its Characteristics 4.1.0 Defining Good governance:

In recent years, there have been numerous attempts to define the term, but these efforts have not resulted in any universal consensus as to the precise meaning of governance. In general sense, governance means exercising political power to manage a nation’s affair. Today governance is seen as a reflection of the role of the state in giving direction to the development, in a country and political regime.According to UNDP, “Governance is viewed as the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage country affairs at all levels. It comprises mechanisms, processes and institutions, through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences”.

According to OECD:

“The concept of governance denotes the use of political authority and exercise of control in a society in relation to the management of its resources for social and economic development”.

According to the ‘Commission on Global Governance’:

“Governance is the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action may be taken”. According to World Bank:Governance is defined as “the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development,” The World Bank has identified three distinct aspect of governance:

1. The form of political regime.2. The process by which authority is exercised in the management of a

country’s economic and social resources for development. 3. The capacity of governments to design, formulate and implement policies and

discharge functions. ”.

(Source: http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-is-good-governance-important)

4.1.2 Characteristics of Good governance:

Good governance has 8 major characteristics. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive, and follows the rule of law. Good governance is responsive to the present and future needs of the organization, exercises prudence in policy-setting and decision-making, and that the best interests of all stakeholders are taken into account.

1. Rule of LawGood governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced by an impartial regulatory body, for the full protection of stakeholders.

2. TransparencyTransparency means that information should be provided in easily understandable forms and media; that it should be freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by governance policies and practices, as well as the outcomes resulting there from; and that any decisions taken and their enforcement are in compliance with established rules and regulations.

3. ResponsivenessGood governance requires that organizations and their processes are designed to serve the best interests of stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.

4. Consensus OrientedGood governance requires consultation to understand the different interests of stakeholders in order to reach a broad consensus of what is in the best interest of the entire stakeholder group and how this can be achieved in a sustainable and prudent manner.

5. Equity and InclusivenessThe organization that provides the opportunity for its stakeholders to maintain, enhance, or generally improve their well-being provides the most compelling message regarding its reason for existence and value to society.

6. Effectiveness and EfficiencyGood governance means that the processes implemented by the organization to produce favorable results meet the needs of its stakeholders, while making the best use of resources – human, technological, financial, natural and environmental – at its disposal.

7. AccountabilityAccountability is a key tenet of good governance. Who is accountable for what should be documented in policy statements. In general, an organization is accountable to those who will be affected by its decisions or actions as well as the applicable rules of law.

8. ParticipationParticipation by both men and women, either directly or through legitimate representatives, is a key cornerstone of good governance. Participation needs to be informed and organized, including freedom of expression and assiduous concern for the best interests of the organization and society in general.

(Source: http://www.governancepro.com/news/article_12.html 24.06.2014 1.00pm)

4.2.1 Meaning & Concept of Democracy: The term democracy is derived from the Greek words, demos and Kratos, the former meaning the people and the latter power. Democracy thus means power of the people. It is now regarded as a form of government in which the people rule themselves either directly or indirectly through their representatives. Definition of democracy, as a form of government, are various, But like many other definitions in political science, they differ in their content and application (Kapur, 1993). Democracy, according to the Greeks, is the Government in which people rule over themselves. Aristotle considered it as a perverted form of government. Herodotus says, the democracy denotes that form of government in which in the ruling power of the state is largely vested in the members of the community as a whole. In the words of President Abraham Lincoln, it is a government of the people, by the people and for the people (Agarwal, 1991). According to Bryce, “Democracy is that form of government in which the ruling power of a state is legally vested, not in any particular class or classes but in the members of the community as a whole”. Prof. Seeley says, “Democracy is a government in which every body has a share.”

http://www.governancepro.com/news/article_12.html%2024.06.2014

. In brief, we can say that democracy is that form of government in which the sovereign power of the state is in the hands of the people and people are the source of the state power and the people take part in the government directly or through their representatives. Lastly, we can say that democracy is the government of the majority and the majority safeguards the interests of the people. In this form of government, the interests of minorities are not ignored.

4.2.2 Forms of Democracy:There are two types of democracy: (1) Pure or Direct, and (2) Indirect

or Representative.Direct Democracy: When the people themselves directly express

their will on public affairs, the type of government is called pure or direct democracy Representative or Indirect Democracy: In a Representative or Indirect Democracy the will of the state is formulated and expressed not directly by the people themselves, but by their representatives to whom they delegate the power deliberation and decision-making

4.2.3. Basic Principles or Requisites of Democracy1. Liberty: The main basis of democracy is liberty and equality. The

people enjoy maximum liberty and equality because criticism of the people is not only tolerated in this system, but it is also encouraged.

2. Equality: Special emphasis is laid on equality in democracy and there is no disparity among the people on the basis of caste, religion and position of status. Besides this, all are equal before law and there is no privileged class in the country. It is essential to establish political and economic equality along with social equality

3. Fraternity: Democracy can become successful only in a peaceful atmosphere; otherwise democracy has to face many difficulties4. The people as ultimate source of sovereignty: In a democracy, people are the ultimate source of sovereignty, and the government derives its power from them. For this purpose elections take place in democracies at certain intervals.5. Fundamental rights to the people: In a democracy people are given fundamental rights because in the absence of these rights the development of an individual is not possible. Fundamental rights have been granted to the people in their Constitutions in India, Japan, U.S.A. etc.

6. Independence of Judiciary: In a democracy, it is responsibility of the judiciary to protect the fundamental rights of the people. In our country the Supreme Court and the High Courts protect the Constitution and the fundamental rights of the people. Wherever judiciary is not free, the protection of fundamental rights is not possible.

7. The people are considered as an end and State as the means in a democracy: This is one of the main characteristics of democracy that individual is a mean and the state is an end. It means that the state makes use of the individual for its own interest. In a dictatorship no attention is paid to the freedom of the individual.

8. Welfare State: Democracy is a welfare state and in it special attention is paid to the welfare of the people as a whole and not to a particular class

4.2.4. A framework for a democratic parliamentHere I am describing the key characteristics of a democratic

parliament. It is the one which is: Representative: that is, socially and politically representative of the

diversity of the people, and ensuring equal opportunities and protections for all its members;

Transparent: that is, being open to the nation through different media, and transparent in the conduct of its business;

Accessible: this means involving the public, including the associations and movements of civil society, in the work of parliament;

Accountable: this involves members of parliament being accountable to the electorate for their performance in office and integrity of conduct;

Effective: this means the effective organization of business in accordance with these democratic values, and the performance of parliament’s legislative and oversight functions in a manner that serves the needs of the whole population

4.2.5 A parliamentary system

A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament); the executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected. In a parliamentary system, the head of state is normally a different person from the head of government. This is in contrast to a presidential system in a democracy, where the head of state often is also the head of government, and most importantly: the executive branch does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system)

5.0 Data Analysis: Summarizing Data

5.1.1. Farmer groups (Concept about good governance)

Kimat Ali (66) years old, He does not know about good governance. Others

opinions are

• To do work or Business smoothly

• To make fertilizer chip and available

• To ensure supply available essential foods for all people

• To conduct country with sound

• To maintain peace in country

They viewed that Zia regime was good.

5.1.2. Female groups (Concept about good governance)

Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, she said that, ‘Governance system is

conducted by authority (who elected by voting), and to ensure fundamental

right for all people. Others opinion are

• Good Government is elected by the people

• Good Government is followed by rules and regulation

• It should be Impartial Government system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_branch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)

5.1.3 Business groups (Concept about good governance)

Maruf Ahmed (30) years, He said that people will be benefited by the

government. Others opinion that good governance should

• To ensure or establish rule of law

• To obey rule of law

• To make the country runs well

5.1.4. Teacher groups (Concept about good governance)

Din mohammed shishir (30) years, He emphasized on, the four pillars of

government vis Legislate , Administration , Executive and Judiciary. Others

opinions are

• To take any decision for the people with proper way

• To ensure or establish in equity for all sectors

5.1.5. Politician groups (Concept about good governance)

• The fundamental rights to reach to the people through public

representative

5.1.6. Civil society groups (Concept about good governance)

• Practicing rule of law

• Maintaining Impartial justice

• Removing all discrimination from society

5.1.7. Elite groups (Concept about good governance)

According to Amir Hossain Malitha (75),

• State will be conducted by rules and regulation

5.2.1. Farmer groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

Kimat Ali (66) years old, his opinion that, MPs making indecorous comment

and using vulgar language in the parliament should be stopped and all MPS

should obey the rules and regulation . Others have no concept.

5.2.2. Female groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

According to Zebuka sultana (32), caretaker government may work better

for parliamentary democracy. Others opinions are

• Government should follow rules and regulation

• In parliament all MPs should follow parliamentary customs

5.2.3 Business groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

According to Maruf Ahmed (30) years, the leader should be elected by

people’s directly voting. Others opinions are

• To arrange a impartial election

• To control political violence

5.2.4. Teacher groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

According to Din mohammed shishir (30), it is to arrange general election

with inclusive participation as well as to make four pillars of government

vis. Legislate, Administration , Executive and Judiciary impartial and

independent.

Others opinions are

• To govern with absolute public representative

• To establish fundamental rights

• To elect public representative by voting

• To ensure equal opportunity for all MPS

• To respect all MPS each other

5.2.5. Politician groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

• To ensure fundamental right and freedom for all political

parties

• To ensure political atmosphere for all political parties

• To stop political repression to opposition parties

5.2.6. Civil society groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

• To ensure Institutionalization of democracy

• To believe people is the source of power

• To ensure accountability to the people

5.2.7. Elite groups (Concept about parliamentary democracy)

• To exercised real democracy for people betterment

• To respect opposition opinion in parliament

• Tolerate of other opinion

5.3.1. Farmer groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)

According to Amin ulla (65),

• To want to live with sound environment

• What I see in the name of democracy is not desirable

5.3.2. Female groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)

Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, said that it is meant

• To be honest public representative

• To promote freedom of fundamental right

• To promote freedom of press

• To promote law equally to all

• To take policy according to people needs

• To establish rule of law

5.3.3. Business groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy

According to Maruf Ahmed (30),

• PMs are elected by voting of people

• Reflect public attitude

• Ensure accountability of government to the people

• Avoid vulgar language in parliament

5.3.4. Teacher groups characteristic of parliamentary democracy

According to Din mohammed shishir (30) years, parliamentary system

should be of two tires. Other opinions are

• Ensure accountability of government to the people

• Establish rule of law

• PMS are elected by voting of people

• Election system should be sound

5.3.5 Politician group (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)

Parliament is made by impartial election and, there should be inclusive

participation all political parties.

5.3.6. Civil society groups (characteristic of parliamentary democracy)

According to Md. Shahid (65), parliament member must be educated,

capable of and skilled about parliament.

5.3.7 Elite groups’ characteristic of parliamentary democracy

According to Md. Amir Hossain (75) parliament member is

nominated for election by all political parties is to be eligible , capable and

educated also free from corrupt and knowledge about parliament.

5.4.1. Farmer groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)

• To ensure public security

• To ensure sound environment for doing business or work.

• To avoid personal jealousy

• To stop turmoil

5.4.2. Female groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)

Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, He said that


• To ensure Freedom of press

• To ensure Law is equal to all

• To employment for government service is to be recruited on

merit basis.

• To establish rule of law

5.4.3. Business groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)


• To ensure Freedom of press

• To ensure Law is equal to all

5.4.4. Teacher groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)

• To strong parliamentary standing committee

• To give priority opposition MPS for select chairperson of

parliamentary standing committee

• To give height priority to discuss for opposition MPS

according to parliamentary customs

• To ensure good governance practice

• To play vital play role to o ensure good governance practice.

5.4.5 Politician groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)

• Give priority opposition MPS for select chairperson of


• Play vital play role to o ensure good governance practice.

• Play role to solve different national issues or crisis

• Avoid impolite attitude

5.4.6. Civil society groups (Role of parliamentary democracy)

• tolerant others opinion

• ensure attendance in Parliament of all MPS

• cut odd language in Parliament

• avoid boycott culture

• Tolerate of other opinion

5.4.7 Elite groups (Role of parliamentary democracy

• To tolerant others opinion

• To ensure attendance in Parliament of all MPS

• To avoid sludge language in Parliament

5.5.1. Farmer groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary

democracy or presidential) According to Mint (30), parliamentary

democracy is

• To take decision with the discussion of all MPS

5.5.2. Female groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary

democracy or presidential)

According to Sumy Rany sarker (30), parliamentary democracy is the best

because government is elected by people voting, fundamental rights of

people is ensured with the discussion of all MPS and to ensured

accountability of government’s activity to the government.

55.3. Business groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary


According to Maruf Ahmed (30) parliamentary democracy is best because

government does not emerge as a supreme power, and to take decision for

people to meet fulfillment of demand by the parliament according to

people’s need.

5.5.4. Teacher groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary


According to Md. Oliur rahman (30) parliamentary democracy is the best

because parliamentary democracy can play vital role to solve any problem of

people with the discussion of all MPS.

5.5.5 Politician groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary


According to Farhana Reja (42) parliamentary democracy is the best because

MPS gets opportunity in the parliament to raise any problem of people

interest.

5.5.6. Civil society groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary


According to Monoar Hossain (73) parliamentary democracy is the best

because, As MPS are directly elected by the people. So they have to some

comment to the people.

5.5.7 Elite groups (Which Government is best, parliamentary


According to M Anisur Rahman (65) parliamentary democracy is the best

because, to be possible to reflect of the people desire and the parliamentary

democracy can play vital role to solve any national issue or problem with

the discussion of all MPS.

5.6.1. Farmer groups (Which election was held fair and free from

1991to 2014)

According to Aminulla , the election of 1991 was transparent because

caretaker government was impartial. Others opinion are

• 2001 because all people can gives his/her vote

• 1991,1996 because all people can gives his/her vote without

fair

• 1991,1996 because all people can gives his/her vote without

fair

5.6.2. Female groups (Which election was held fair and free from 1991to

2014)

According to Anjuara begam, caretaker government was impartial in 1991.

Others opinion are

• In 2008 all people can gives his/her vote

• In 1991,1996 all people can gives his/her vote without fair


5.6.3. Business groups (Which election was held fair and free from

1991to 2014)

According to Dabirul Islam (45), He said 1991 because caretaker

government was impartial and all political parties took participation. Others

opinions are

• 2001 because all people can gives his/her vote

• In 1991, all people can gives his/her vote without fair


5.6.4. Teacher groups (Which election was held fair and free from

1991to 2014)

According to Din mohammed shishir (30), He said 1991 because caretaker

government was impartial and capable to create political atmosphere. Others

opinions are

• In 1991 all people can give his/her vote their choice

• In,1996 all people can give his/her vote without fair

• In 2001 all people can give his/her vote without fair and

administration was neutral.

5.6.5 Politician groups (Which election was held fair and free from

1991to 2014)

According to Jahidul Islam (49), 1991election was best because caretaker

government was selected by all political parties with consensus. Others

opinions are

• In 1991 all people could give his/her vote their choice

• In1996 all people could give his/her vote without fair

• In 2001 all people could give his/her vote without fair and


5.6.6. Civil society groups (Which election was held fair and free from

1991to 2014)

According to Monoar Hossain (73), He said 1991election was best because

caretaker government was impartial and ability to create strong election

commission. Others opinions are


• In 1996 all people can give his/her vote without fair


administration was neutral

5.6.7 Elite groups (Which election was held fair and free from 1991to

2014)

According to Amir Hossain malitha (65), 1991election was best because

caretaker government was impartial and ability to create strong election

commission. Others opinions are


• In 1996 all people can give his/her vote without fair



5.7.1. Farmer groups (Caretaker Government is need or not for General

election of Bangladesh) According to Jamir Ali (52) Caretaker Government

is need for General election of Bangladesh because to arrange impartial

election and participation all parties. Others opinions are

• To arrange impartial election

• To need impartial judge

• To need sound judge

5.7.2. Female groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for

General election of Bangladesh) According to Sumi Rani Sarker (30),

Caretaker Government is need for sound and impartial election. Others

opinions are

• arrange impartial election

• Do not arrange to possible impartial election to remain power

• need impartial judge

• Do not show political power

5.7.3. Business man (Caretaker Government is needed or not for

General election of Bangladesh) According to Dabirul Islam (45),

Caretaker Government is need, because do not arrange to possible impartial

election to remain power. Others opinion are

• arrange impartial election

• Does not arrange to possible impartial election to remain

power

• manipulate election commission and administration to remain

power

5.7.4. Teacher groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for

General election of Bangladesh) According to Mahabubur Rahman (28),

Caretaker Government is need, because the general election is questionable

under political parties. Others opinions are

• Caretaker Government is relatively impartial

• Does not remain impartial administration under political

parties.

• do work impartial election commission

5.7.5. Political groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for

General election of Bangladesh) According to Farjana Reja (42), Caretaker

Government is need for sound and impartial election. Others opinions are

• To arrange impartial election

• Caretaker Government is relatively impartial


parties.

• To do work impartial election commission

5.7.6. Civil society groups (Caretaker Government is needed or not for

General election of Bangladesh) According to Md. shaid (65), only

impartial Caretaker Government can do arrange impartial general election ,

where political parties can not do the same work due to their political

interest. Others opinions are

• Caretaker Government more impartial


parties.

• To do work impartial election commission

5.7.7. Elite (Caretaker Government is needed or not for General election

of Bangladesh) According to Md. S M Anisur Rahman (65), Caretaker

Government does not need for General election of Bangladesh it would be

follow parliamentary rules but there is better do not remain cabinet . Others

opinions are

• Caretaker Government more impartial


parties.

5.81. Farmer groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary democracy,

and how to over come this challenge)

Main challenge of parliamentary democracy:

According to MD.Aminulla( 65)

• Abduction and killing is main challenge

• Do not take necessary action against culprit from administration

How to over come this challenge

• To arrange a general election with faire and free ,where

all parties take participat

• To arrange a general election by caretaker government

5.8.2. Female groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary

democracy, and how over come this challenge)

Main challenge of parliamentary democracy: Sumy Rani karmoker (30)

years, said that,

• Greedy on power

• Dictatorship attitude

• Lack of accountability

• Impolite attitude

• Lack of tolerant of other opinion

• So much use vulgar language in parliament

How to over come this challenge:

• To arrange a general election with faire and free, where

participation all parties


• To select eligible and educated candidate for MPS

5.8.3. Business groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary democracy,

and how over come this challenge) Main challenge of parliamentary

democracy: According to MD. Dabirul Islam (45) he said that, if it is

continue that will be turned parliamentary dictatorship and there is absence

rules and law.

5.8.4. Teacher groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary


Main challenge of parliamentary democracy: According to MD. Mahaubur

Rahman Islam (28),

• Serious trust crisis among political parties ,

• No comment to the citizen, and

• Greedy to power

• Foreign intervention

• Bureaucracy


• To arrange a dialogue among all political parties


• Need strong and independent election commission

• Need impartial administration

• To solve any problem by dialogue

5.8.5 Politician groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary


Main challenge of parliamentary democracy: Role of speaker remains

impartial and he should try to stop nepotism and corruption.


• To arrange a dialogue among all political parties

• To establish good governance




• To solve any problem by home grown solution

• To build up strong relationship among political parties.

• To avoid foreign intervention

5.8.6. Civil society groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary

democracy, and how over come this challenge) Main challenge of

parliamentary democracy:

• Politicize,

• Nepotism and ,

• Corruption

• Greedy to power



• To scrap financial transaction for MPS selection

• Capable and educated leader appointment for MPS




•

5.8.7 Elite groups (what is the challenge of parliamentary democracy,

and how over come this challenge) Main challenge of parliamentary

democracy:

• Politicize in all sector

• Nepotism and

• Corruption in all sector

• Greedy to power

• Lack of rules and law


• Need to arrange a dialogue among all political parties


• Should have strong commitment to the citizen

• To respect public opinion

• Avoid personal jealous

• Need to arrange a general election by caretaker government


• Need impartial administration.

6.0 Observations: Sumy Rani karmoker (30) years, she said about

good Governance. ‘Governance system is conducted by authority (who

elected by voting), and to ensure fundamental right for all people. Kimat Ali

(66) years old, he does not know about good governance. Others opinion,

they are wanted his work or Business smoothly, make fertilizer rate becomes

chip and to ensure essential foods supply available for all people and state is

conducted by political party with sound . Din mohammed shishir (30) years,

said that, Four pillar of government vis Legislate, Administration, Executive

and Judiciary are impartial and indipendent. Kimat Ali (66) years old, his

opinion on parliamentary democracy , MPS makes quarrel or squabble each

other and use vulgar language in the parliament, and all MPS should obey

the rules and regulation. On the other hand According to Zebuka sultana

(32), caretaker government is parliamentary democracy. Other opinions,

parliamentary democracy would be exercised real democracy for people

betterment, and tolerate of other opinion as well as respect opposition

opinion in parliament that parliament becomes main focal point discussion

of the nation. Din mohammed shishir (30) years, said characteristic of

parliamentary democracy system should be two tire. On the other hand, Md.

Amir Hossain (75) said parliament member is nominated for election by all

political parties is to be eligible , capable and educated also free from

corrupt and knowledge about parliament. Is Caretaker Government needed

or not for General election of Bangladesh? Except Md. S M Anisur Rahman

(65) and Uttam Kumer sha, all are agree with the Caretaker Government

needs for General election of Bangladesh. According to Sumi Rani Sarker

(30) and Farjana Farjana Reja (42), Caretaker Government is needs to

arrange a sound and impartial election. Others opinions are ame. Role of

parliamentary democracy for establish good governance. Most of the

participant opinions are

1. To give priority opposition MPS for select chairperson of


2. To give high priority to discuss for opposition party MPS

according to parliamentary customs

3. To avoid sludge language in to the Parliament

4. To tolerant others opinion

5. To ensure attendance in Parliament of all MPS

6. Avoid boycott culture.

Which Government is the best, According to Sumy Rany sarker (30),

parliamentary democracy is the best because government is elected by

people voting, fundamental rights of people is ensured with the discussion of

all MPS and to ensured accountability of government activity to the

government. on the other hand According to Maruf Ahmed (30)said that

parliamentary democracy is best because government does not emerge as a

supreme power, and to take decision for people to meet fulfillment demand

according people need by the parliament. Most of the participant believed, in

1991 election was held fair and free due to caretaker government was

impartial and ability to create strong election commission. Nepotism,

Corruption and politicize in all sectors and greedy to power of political

parties, as well as lack of rules is main challenge of parliamentary

democracy. How to over come this challenge to ensure good governance of

Bangladesh that is

1. Countinously remains dialogue among all political parties in any

cost.

2. To establish good governance should have strong commitment to

the citizen of all political parties.

3. All political parties should have respect to all public opinion.

4. It is important to remove personal jealousy from both the chief

leaders of the main two political parties

5. Need to arrange a general election under caretaker government

until we can establish strong, credible and independent election commission.

7. Need strong, credible and independent election commission

7.0 Recommendations: More than 93 percent participant opinioned

that Caretaker Government is needed for General election of Bangladesh. It

is very also important that until establishment of a strong, credible and

independence election commission, general election should be held under

Caretaker Government. Without Caretaker government, in the present

context of Bangladesh arranging a general election is very difficult. In

Bangladesh, it is evident that the present condition of governance and

parliamentary democracy are not satisfactory at all. There are many issues

and problems are the barriers to ensure good governance in Bangladesh.

Corruption, political interference in administration, nepotism, misuse of

power, absence of rule of law, non-accountable and non-transparent

government and administration etc. are the common features of our

governance. On the other hand, the Government and Opposition party need

to work together for the wellbeing of the nation.

8.0 Conclusions: More than 93 percent participant is opinioned that

Caretaker Government is needed for General election of Bangladesh. It is

very also import that until establishment strong, credible and independence

election commission, general election should be held under Caretaker

Government. Without Caretaker government, in the present context of

Bangladesh it is very difficult to arrange general election. If we want to keep

safe and secure infant parliamentary democracy of Bangladesh, a trust needs

to be built up among political parties. At the same time, it is important to

remove personal jealousy from both the chief leaders of the main two

political parties. It is required to make the parliament effective and

functional and center of all debates. Constructive criticism on Government

activities from the Civil Society and Mass media can play vital role to make

the parliament democratic and effective function. Any national problem or

crisis should be solved by meaningful dialogue among political parties

through home grown culture, and also any foreign intervention should be

avoided.

09.0 Reference: 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system

2. http://www.governancepro.com/news/article_12.html 24.06.2014 1.00pn

3. http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-is-good-governance-important/

4. www.unescap.org/pdd>5. Islam,Dr.Mohammad.Johurul (2013)” Law and Good Governance: Bangladesh Perspective,

6. http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-is-good-governance-important/

http://www.unescap.org/pdd

http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-is-good-governance-important/

http://www.goodgovernance.org.au/about-good-governance/why-is-good-governance-important/



Annexure –1: Format of formal interview

MDS Course No: 005:- Governance and Development Good governance and parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh: An

empirical study

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Annexure –2: Participant list

Sl Name Address Profession Age Educat

ion

Family

member

1 MD. Amin ulla Jheniadah sadar

upzilla

Farmer 65 5th

class

05

2 MD. Mintu Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Farmer 30 5th 04

3 MD. Jamir Ali Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Farmer 52 08

4 MD. Kiamot Ali Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Farmer 66 08

5 MD. Momin Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Farmer 60 03

6 Sumy Rony Jheniadah sadar

upzilla

Female(Teac

her)

30 MSS 04

7 MS.Sbina Khatun

Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Female(Teacher)

28 MSS 03

8 MS.Zebua sultana Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Female(House offife)

32 HSC 03

9 MS.Farjana khatun Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Female(Service man)

38 MCO

M

06

10 MS. FarjanaReja Anju


Female(politician)

42 HSC 05

11 MD. Maruf Ahmed Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Bussiness

man

30 LLM 05

12 MD. Dabirul islam Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Bussiness man

45 8th class 04

13 MD. Uttam Kumer shah


Bussiness man

52 SSC 03

14 MD. Tipu Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Bussiness man

45 SSC 05

15 MD. kawser Ali Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Bussiness man

42 HSC 05

16 MD. Din Mohammed


Teaacher 30 MSS 04

17 MD. Al amin Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Teaacher 25 MSS 04

18 MD. Mahabubur Rahman

Jheniadah sadar

upzilla

Teaacher 28 MSS 02

19 MD. Oliur Rahman Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Teaacher 35 MSS 04

20 MD. Kabir uddin Jheniadah sadar

upzilla

Teaacher 42 MSS 05

21 MD. Jahidul Islam Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Politician 45 SSC 06

22 MD. Saiful Islam Jheniadah sadar

upzilla

Politician 49 HSC 05

23 MD. Tofazzal Hossain


Politician 43 BA 04

24 MD. Abdul Malek Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Politician 53 BA 05

25 MD. Bulbuli Islam Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Politician 52 SSC 06

26 MD.Amir Hossain Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Elite 75 BA+L

LB

08

27 MD. M Anisur Rahman


Elite 65 BA 06

28 MD. Khandokar shakhaoat Hossain


Elite 64 BA 05

29 MD.Dr. Haruner Rashid


Elite 54 Phd 05

30 MD.Saidul karim Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Elite 53 HSC 05

31 MD. Monoar Hossain


Civil Society 73 BA 04

32 MD.Shohed( Ret Teacher)


Civil Society 68 MSS 04

33 MD.Shajalal Jheniadah sadar upzilla


34 MS. Sarifun Nesa Jheniadah sadar upzilla


35 MD.Abul Kasem Jheniadah sadar upzilla

Civil Society 60 LLB 5

thesis for print

Documents

degree of master

thesis title

mizanur rahman

lutfor rahman

associate professor

supervisor professor

assistant professor

motinur rahman