THIS PROJECT IS DONE BY :

D. INDU ASHWINI (X STD)

U. VIJAYA LAKSHMI (X STD)

UNDER GUIDANCE OF :

MRS. DEVASANA (ZOOLOGY)

Structure of Human Urinary System ;1. A pair of kidneys 2. A pair of ureters3. The urinary bladder4. The urethra.

Capsule:The outer covering of kidneyCortex:This is dark red in colour.Medulla:It is pale red in colour

Pelvis:The ureter before leaving the kidney is dilated to form a funnel shaped structure called the pelvis.

Calyx:The pelvis as a number of cup like cavities called calyx.

Pyramid:There are a number of pyramid like structures in the medulla that fit into the renal calyx.

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The right is slightly lower than the left Because of the large area occupied byThe liver. The outer surface of the kidney Is convex , while the surface facing the Vertebral column is concave.surrounding each kidney,is a thin fibrous capsule. connected to inner concave side of each kidney are two blood vessels.the renal and the Vein.

The urine collected in the kidneys is sent to the urinary bladder through ureters and is tempory stroed there.

The structural and functional unit of kidney is nephron

Each nephron is made up of five parts namely:

1.Bowman`s capsule

2.Glomerulus

3. Henle`s loop

4. Proximal convoluted tubule

5. Distal convoluted tubule.

The bowman's capsule and the glomerulus's are to gether called the renal capsule or the maligning capsule. It lies in the cortex of the medulla

This is a tightly twisted mass of capillaries called the glomerulus,Formed by a minute branch of theRenal artery called afferent arteriole. The glomerulus is intimate contact with the inner wall Of the bowman`s capsule.

The henle’s loop is the relatively straight u-shaped portion of the nephron. It lies in the Medulla. Its two limbs are described as descending and the ascending limbs respectively.

The proximal convoluted tubule is a coiled tube that follows the malpighian capsule. Though it lies in the cortex, it extends into the medulla.