three worlds meet, 1200 b.c. – a.d. 1500 section 1 ...€¦ · ancient desert farmers people have...
TRANSCRIPT
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THREE WORLDS MEET
CHAPTER 1
SECTION 1: PEOPLING THE AMERICASSECTION 2: NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETIES AROUND 1492
Mitten – CSHSAMAZ History –
Semester 1
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Peopling the Americas
Three Worlds Meet
◦ Main Idea - In ancient times, migrating peoples
settled the Americas, where their descendents
developed complex societies
◦ Why it Matters Now – Patterns of immigration
have always shaped and continue to shape
American history
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Peopling the Americas
Ancient Peoples Come to the Americas
◦ ~22,000 years ago◦ Humans come from Asia to N. America via Beringia
◦ Hunted big-game—woolly mammoth
◦ ~12,000 years ago◦ Ice Age ends; Beringia disappears◦ Big-game disappears; humans forage or hunt
small-game
◦ ~10,000-5,000 years ago◦ Humans in Mexico begin growing crops
◦ Some cultures remain nomadic – moving in search of food and water
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Discussion
◦Why was the development of
agriculture important?
◦What does it allow humans to do?
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Paleo-Indian Age◦ Clovis Points
◦ Projectile points – medium/large spear
◦ Similar projectiles are found all across the Americas
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Review
◦ Where did the first people to inhabit the Americas come from and how did they get there?◦ They were from Asia (modern Russia) and they walked
across a land bridge known as Beringia.
◦ What did they do to survive and how do we know this?
◦ Hunted big game – mammoth bones and other artifacts such as Clovis Points
◦ Where was evidence found of early native agricultural efforts?
◦ Central Mexico – estimated to have begun some 5 to 10 thousand years ago.
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Complex Societies Flourish
◦ Early Cultures in the Americas
◦ About 3,000 years ago, inhabitants begin forming large
communities
◦ Empires of Middle and South America
◦ Olmec: 1200 BCE till mysterious collapse in 400 BCE
◦ Maya: 250-900 CE in Guatemala
◦ Aztec: 1200 CE in the Valley of Mexico
◦ Inca: establish massive empire around 1200 CE in western
South America
◦ These cultures built large cities, palaces, pyramids, and most
had writing systems
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Complex Societies Flourish
Ancient Desert Farmers
◦People have lived in Arizona for at least
11,000 years
◦Groups establish civilizations, 300 BCE to 1400
CE
◦ Hohokam settled in Salt River Valley; dug canals
◦ Anasazi lived on mesas or in cliff sides near Four
Corners
◦ Mogollon developed in the mountains of Eastern
Arizona
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Complex Societies Flourish
Mound Builders
◦ In eastern N. America, Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian cultures establish trading societies◦Adena, Hopewell build huge burial and animal-shaped mounds
◦Mississippian people build giant pyramidal mounds
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North American Societies Around 1492 – Sect. 2
◦ Main Idea: The varied landscapes of North America
encouraged the diversity of Native American cultures
◦N. America – West Coast/PNW
◦ Large communities reliant on water for
resources
◦Kwakiutl gather shellfish, hunt whales,
otters, seals
◦Place totems (symbols of ancestral
spirits) on masks, boats, poles (totem
poles)
◦Potlatches – elaborate ceremonies
where families give away possessions
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Diverse Native Americans
◦ Southwest
◦ By 1300, Pueblo settle near waterways, build
multistory houses
◦ Hopi, Acoma live near cliffs, develop irrigation
◦ Grow corn, beans, squash
◦Eastern Woodlands◦ Tribes like Iroquois build villages in forests; farm,
hunt, gather
◦ Wood had many uses—tools, shelter, weapons,
ceremonial
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Diverse Native Americans
◦Northeast
◦Harsh winters lead to reliance on wild
animals—meat, pelts
◦ Farming not common
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Shared Cultural Patterns
Native American societies differed
greatly, but held some similarities
such as:
◦Trade patterns
◦Attitudes towards use of land
◦Some religious beliefs/social values
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Shared Cultural Patterns
◦Trading Patterns
◦ Trade brought different Native American
peoples into contact
◦ Different groups had reputations for certain
skills or goods
◦ Nootka in PNW known for whale meat
◦ Some goods traveled thousands of miles
away from source
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Shared Cultural Patterns
◦Land Use
◦Native Americans consider land the
source of life, not to be sold
◦ “We cannot sell the lives of men and
animals, therefore we cannot sell this
land.”
◦ Land only disturbed for necessities—
farming, shelter
◦ For Europeans, land = power and wealth.
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“When we dig roots, we make little holes.
When we build houses, we make little
holes…We shake down acorns and
pinenuts—we do not chop down the trees.
We only use dead wood for fires…But the
white people plow up the ground, pull
down the trees, and the tree says, ‘Do not. I
am sore. Do not hurt me.”
- Freedom and Culture
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Shared Cultural Patterns
◦Religious Beliefs
◦Most Native American peoples believed
spirits filled the natural world; ancestors
guided the living
◦ Social Organizations
◦Kinship (strong ties among family
members) was important across most
Native Americans
◦ Society was organized around families
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Credits
◦ http://www.ccsf.edu/Library/exhibits/olmec1.jpg
◦ http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Enterobius/beringia.jpg
◦ http://artswork.asu.edu/arts/students/content/comdrama/hohokam_culturemap.jpg
◦ http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/westweb/ancient/hohokam/graphics/HohokamRocks.jpg
◦ http://blendradioandtv.com/Tucson_AZ/POTTERY-COLLECTION.jpg
◦ http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/collections/rla/images/Beringia.jpg
◦ http://www.native-art-in-canada.com/image-files/moundbuilder-sites-map.png
◦ https://eee.uci.edu/clients/tcthorne/map/adenahopewellmoundbuilders.jpg
◦ http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20230/map%20AdenaHopewellMiss.jpg