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UN
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Indicators for target 4.5
Technical Cooperation Group (TCG) meeting
12-13 May 2016
Washington, D. C
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Target 4.5
By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and children in vulnerable situations.
Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries
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Many cooks in the equity data kitchen
Education 2030 Framework for Action
A range of new initiatives related to disaggregated data
… all countries should collect, analyse and use disaggregated data, broken down by the specific characteristics of given population groups, and ensure that indicators measure progress towards reducing inequality.
- Inter-Secretariat Working Group (UNSD)- International Household Survey Network (IHSN)- IAEG – SDGs working group (countries only)
Disaggregation required for all indicators by sex, location, wealth, persons with disabilities
Inter-Agency Expert Group on SDGs
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Indicators of Target 4.5
Parity indices (cross-cutting) – GLOBAL INDICATOR
18. Percentage of students in primary education whose first or home language is the language of instruction
19. Extent to which explicit formula-based policies reallocate education resources to disadvantaged populations
20. Education expenditure per student by level of education and source of funding
21. Percentage of total aid to education allocated to low-income countries
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Which indicators are being generated from household survey data by the UIS?
Entry: gross intake ratio, net intake rate Participation: over-age and under-age attendance, gross
attendance ratio, net attendance rate (adjusted, total), school life expectancy
Out-of-school children: out-of-school rate and type Progression: percentage of repeaters, repetition rate,
survival rate, drop-out rate, transition rate Completion: gross intake ratio to last grade Educational attainment: population by completed level
of education, mean years of schooling Literacy: self-reported and assessed literacy rate
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Where parity concepts/data are missing
No international
standard or data
source
There is an
internationally
robust data source
Pro
visi
on
Pro
visi
on
Equ
ity-
cro
ss t
arge
t
Pro
visi
on
Po
licy
Sup
po
rted
Indicator number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 … 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Currently collected by UIS 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 … 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0There is an internationally
standardized and unique source for
all countries (national average) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 … 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
Need for disaggregated data
(equity) 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 … 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0There is an internationally
standardized and unique source for
all countries (equity issue) 0 0 0 0 1 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 1 1 0 0 0 … 0 … … … 0 0 0 … 0 0 … … 0 0 0 0 … … … 0 … 0 … … … …
4.7 4.a 4.b 4.c4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
Res
ou
rces
Envi
ron
men
t
Nu
mb
er
Qu
alif
ied
Trai
ned
Mo
tiva
ted
Par
tici
pat
ion
Skill
s
Po
licy
Skill
s
Kn
ow
led
ge
Pro
visi
on
By
20
30
, en
sure
th
at a
ll le
arn
ers
acq
uir
e th
e
kno
wle
dge
an
d s
kills
nee
ded
to
pro
mo
te
sust
ain
able
dev
elo
pm
ent,
incl
ud
ing,
am
on
g
oth
ers,
th
rou
gh e
du
cati
on
fo
r su
stai
nab
le
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
su
stai
nab
le li
fest
yles
,
hu
man
rig
hts
, gen
der
eq
ual
ity,
pro
mo
tio
n o
f a
cult
ure
of
pea
ce a
nd
no
n-v
iole
nce
, glo
bal
citi
zen
ship
an
d a
pp
reci
atio
n o
f cu
ltu
ral
Bu
ild a
nd
up
grad
e ed
uca
tio
n f
acili
ties
th
at a
re
child
, dis
abili
ty a
nd
gen
der
sen
siti
ve a
nd
pro
vid
e sa
fe, n
on
-vio
len
t, in
clu
sive
an
d
effe
ctiv
e le
arn
ing
envi
ron
men
ts f
or
all
By
20
20
, su
bst
anti
ally
exp
and
glo
bal
ly t
he
nu
mb
er o
f sc
ho
lars
hip
s av
aila
ble
to
dev
elo
pin
g co
un
trie
s, in
par
ticu
lar
leas
t
By
20
30
, su
bst
anti
ally
incr
ease
th
e su
pp
ly o
f
qu
alif
ied
tea
cher
s, in
clu
din
g th
rou
gh
inte
rnat
ion
al c
oo
per
atio
n f
or
teac
her
tra
inin
g
in d
evel
op
ing
cou
ntr
ies,
esp
ecia
lly le
ast
dev
elo
ped
co
un
trie
s an
d s
mal
l isl
and
dev
elo
pin
g St
ates
Lear
nin
g
Co
mp
leti
on
Par
tici
pat
ion
Rea
din
ess
Par
tici
pat
ion
By
20
30
, en
sure
th
at a
ll gi
rls
and
bo
ys
com
ple
te f
ree,
eq
uit
able
an
d q
ual
ity
pri
mar
y
and
sec
on
dar
y ed
uca
tio
n le
adin
g to
rel
evan
t
and
eff
ecti
ve le
arn
ing
ou
tco
mes
By
20
30
, en
sure
th
at a
ll gi
rls
and
bo
ys h
ave
acce
ss t
o q
ual
ity
earl
y ch
ildh
oo
d
dev
elo
pm
ent,
car
e an
d p
re-p
rim
ary
edu
cati
on
so t
hat
th
ey a
re r
ead
y fo
r p
rim
ary
edu
cati
on
By
20
30
, en
sure
eq
ual
acc
ess
for
all w
om
en
and
men
to
aff
ord
able
an
d q
ual
ity
tech
nic
al,
voca
tio
nal
an
d t
erti
ary
edu
cati
on
, in
clu
din
g
un
iver
sity
By
20
30
, su
bst
anti
ally
incr
ease
th
e n
um
ber
of
you
th a
nd
ad
ult
s w
ho
hav
e re
leva
nt
skill
s,
incl
ud
ing
tech
nic
al a
nd
vo
cati
on
al s
kills
, fo
r
By
20
30
, elim
inat
e ge
nd
er d
isp
arit
ies
in
edu
cati
on
an
d e
nsu
re e
qu
al a
cces
s to
all
leve
ls o
f ed
uca
tio
n a
nd
vo
cati
on
al t
rain
ing
for
the
vuln
erab
le, i
ncl
ud
ing
per
son
s w
ith
dis
abili
ties
, in
dig
eno
us
peo
ple
s, a
nd
ch
ildre
n
in v
uln
erab
le s
itu
atio
ns
By
20
30
, en
sure
th
at a
ll yo
uth
an
d a
sub
stan
tial
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ad
ult
s, b
oth
men
and
wo
men
, ach
ieve
lite
racy
an
d n
um
erac
y
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Parity indices Definition: female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth
quintile and others such as disability status and conflict-affected as data become available for all indicators on this list that can be disaggregated
The indicator is in Tier I. No need for placeholder
Data source and coverage: Administrative data or household survey data on enrolment; census and surveys of population. Good coverage from UIS data depending on indicator.
Alternative indicators include: (i) odds ratio; (ii) concentration index; or (iii) least advantaged group (e.g. poorest rural girls)
relative to the mean
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Limits of parity indices relative to absolute level of indicator
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
0 20 40 60 80 100Adjusted net enrolment rate – Primary
Gender Parity
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18. Percentage of students in primary education whose first or home language is the language of instruction
Definition: Measures of home language and language of instruction will be required to develop a global measurement tool
The indicator is in Tier 3. Placeholder needed
Data source and coverage: Potential of existing large-scale assessment initiatives (e.g., TERCE, PASEC)
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19. Extent to which explicit formula-based policies reallocate education resources to disadvantaged populations
Tier proposed for the indicator: 3
Placeholder indicator is needed, 2 new proposals
Existence of incentives to allocate teachers to schools in
disadvantaged areas
Percentage of household expenditure on education,
poorest quintile
Close to target but not widely available currently
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20. Education expenditure per student by level of education and source of funding
Definition: Total funding from government, private and international sources by level of education per student enrolled at that level in a given year. The results should be expressed (i) as a percentage of GDP per capita; and (ii) in PPP$ (constant). Considers funding for in public and private institutions together unless disaggregation needed
Tier proposed for the indicator: 1
No placeholder indicator is needed
The coverage of this indicator, especially for private education expenditure, needs to be expanded significantly
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21. Percentage of total aid to education allocated to low-income countries
Definition: Total net official development assistance (ODA) for education in low-income countries (including early childhood, primary, secondary and tertiary education, and scholarships and student costs in donor countries expressed as a percentage of total net official development assistance to education. Low-income countries are those defined by the World Bank. Only donor countries will be required to report this indicator (OECD-DAC).
Tier proposed for the indicator: 1
No placeholder indicator is needed
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Indicators and proposed tier levels
No. Indicator Tier level… Parity indices 1
18. Percentage of students in primary education whose first
or home language is the language of instruction3
19. Extent to which explicit formula-based policies
reallocate education resources to disadvantaged
populations
3
20. Education expenditure per student by source of funding 1
21. Percentage of total aid to education allocated to low
income countries1
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Indicators and placeholders
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Original indicators Potential
placeholders Proximity
to concept
Proximity to
target
Cross-
national
comparabili
ty
Country and
regional
coverage
Periodi
city
18. Percentage of students in
primary education whose
first or home language is
the language of instruction
New proposals
19. Extent to which explicit
formula-based policies
reallocate education
resources to disadvantaged
populations
Existence of
incentives to allocate
teachers to schools
in disadvantaged
areas
Percentage of
household
expenditure on
education, poorest
quintile
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES?
YES
POOR
POOR
could be
annual
3-5 years
20. Education expenditure per
student by level of
education and source of
funding
As original indicator
for sources of public
funding
YES YES YES GOOD annual
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Possible data sources and compilers
International survey programmes: DHS, LSMS, MICS
Regional survey programmes: ECLAC National income and expenditure
surveys, labour force surveys and other types of surveys
National population censuses: micro datasets (e.g., Brazil, Russia), IPUMS
Skills assessments – international: PIACC, citizen-led assessments
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Databases
UIS Data Centre
World Bank
UNICEF-MICS
LIS / LES
IHSN
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While there is progress since 2000, still need to:
o Reach consensus on:
o definitions of key indicators
o method to process education data from surveys
o what types of measures to use
o Discrepancies in estimates
o Potential data sources being under-utilized
Countries do not yet report sufficiently on disparities
in education by different population groups
Are we ready to monitor and report on Target 4.5?
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Questions
What further development work should be undertaken on indicators for Target 4.5?
Are the proposed placeholders useful?
Are there better, available placeholders for use in the short term?
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