time value of money-(brigham 13th edition)
DESCRIPTION
Why the time value of money is an important to know? TVM is an important concept in financial management. It can be used to compare investment alternatives and to solve problems involving loans, mortgages, leases, savings, and annuities.TRANSCRIPT
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Time Value of Money | Chapter 4
Team 8:Aufari Indra 1221 300 21
Muh. Khalik Laledak 1221 300 67
Team 8:Aufari Indra 1221 300 21
Muh. Khalik Laledak 1221 300 67
Lecturer : Mediya Lukman S.E., M.Ec., Ph.D
Financial Management
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Time value of moneyDefining
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Suatu konsep yang memperhatikan waktu
dalam menghitung nilai uang
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Factors Influencing
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Future value (FV)
Time value terminology
Present value (PV)
Nilai uang yang akan diterima dimasa yang akan datang sebagai hasil investasi yang dilakukan saat ini.
Nilai sekarang dari sejumlah uang yang diharapkan akan diterima dimasa yang akan datang.
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Number of period (N)
Time value terminology
Interest rate (I)
Jumlah periode waktu (year).
Tingkat bunga tahunan yang dibayarkan (%).
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Simple Interest
Time value terminology
Compound Interest
Imbalan dari investasi atas kesediaan melepaskan kesempatan untuk mengkonsumsi & kesediaan untuk menunggu serta menanggung resiko.
Bunga majemuk / bunga berbunga, dimana pada tahun ke-1 bunga dihitung dari pokok simpanan/pinjaman, kemudian diinvestasikan kembali dengan ditambahkan pada pokok simpanan/pinjaman tsb. Pada tahun ke-2 bunga diperhitungkan atas jumlah pokok+bunga yang diperoleh pada tahun pertama dan seterusnya.
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Future Value
or
INT PV FVN
NN I 1 VP FV
or
NI,N FVIF PV FV
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Anda menginvestasikan
$100 pada suatu obligasi
yang memberikan 10
persen per tahun
Anda menginvestasikan
$100 pada suatu obligasi
yang memberikan 10
persen per tahun
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Berapa jumlah uang di akhir tahun pertama?Berapa jumlah uang di akhir tahun ke-dua?Berapa jumlah uang di akhir tahun ke-lima?
After one year: $100 (1 + 10%) = $110
After two years: $110 (1 + 10%) = $121
After three years: $121 (1 + 10%) = $133.10
After four years: $133.10 (1 + 10%) = $146.41
After five years: $146.41 (1 + 10%) = $161.05
?
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$121
1.21 $100
0.1 1 $100 FV 22
$110
1.1 $100
0.1 1 $100 FV 11
$133,1
1.331 $100
0.1 1 $100 FV 33
$146,41
1.4641 $100
0.1 1 $100 FV 44
$161,05
1.61051 $100
0.1 1 $100 FV 55
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Present Value
or
NI,N PVIF FV PV
N N
I 1
1xFV PV
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Paman Max yang kayaraya berjanji memberi anda $100,000 pada 10 tahun yang akan datang. Jika
tingkat bunga 6% p.a. berapa hadiah tsb jika dinilai saat ini?
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Do you want to know the answer? Of course!!
100.06 1
$100,000 PV
$55,840 PV
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$100,000$55,840
Currently10
coming years
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The interest rateFinding
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Saat ini Tn. Logan memiliki $100 yang bisa diinvestasikan untuk periode 10 tahun. Pada tingkat
bunga berapa jumlah tsb diinvestasikan agar jumlahnya
menjadi $150 saat jatuh tempo?
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The number of yearsFinding
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Menemukan Jumlah Periode Menemukan Jumlah Periode
Mr. Rob menabung untuk membeli kapal boat baru seharga $1,000,000. Saat ini ia telah memiliki $500,000. Jika ia bisa memperoleh 4.5% p.a. atas uang-nya, berapa lama Mr. rob harus menunggu?
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Let’s save ur money..
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Alternative procedures for calculating with spreadsheet (Excel)
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AnnuitiesConcept
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Suatu rangkaian cash flow dalam jumlah sama selama
periode waktu yang sama untuk setiap pembayaran
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Ada dua jenis anuitas:
Annuity Due Ordinary AnnuityAnnuity
Cash flow terjadi setiap awal
periode
Cash flow terjadi setiap akhir
periode
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Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity
Present Value of an Annuity Due
or
or
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Mr. Donald membeli 2 unit laptop secara kredit, dengan angsuran tiap bulan Rp. 400.000 selama 6 tahun, tingkat bunga yang ditetapkan adalah 2%. Berapa nilai kas pembayaran angsuran tersebut saat ini ?
Jawab : Cara Manual PVA = PMT x [ 1 – 1/(1+I)N ] / I
= 400.000 x [ 1 – 1/(1+0.02)6 ] / 0.02 = 400.000 x [ 0,11202 ] / 0.02 = Rp. 2.240.572
Cara Tabel PVA = PMT PVIFAI,N = 400.000 PVIFA2%,6
= 400.000 ( 5,601)= Rp. 2.240.400
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PerpetuitiesConcept
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Annuity tak terhingga, artinya periode waktu cash
flow yang dibayarkan relatif tidak terbatas
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V3 Integrated Marketing
PV dari suatu perpetuity yang diperhitungkan sebagai berikut:
Marketingprofs
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Uncel Bob akan menerima uang pensiun sebesar Rp. 12.500.000 setiap tahun selama seumur hidup mulai tahun depan, jika suku bunga 10% p.a. Berapa PV dari uang pensiun tsb?
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The answer:
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Uneven, or Irregular cash flowConcept
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Suatu rangkaian cash flow yang tidak
menggambarkan pola tertentu
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Present Value of an Uneven Cash Flow Stream
Future Value of an Uneven Cash Flow Stream
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Fractional time periodsConcept
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Semiannual and Other Compounding PeriodsJenis suku bunga :1.Tingkat Nominal Tahunan (INOM)
2.Tingkat Persentase Tahunan (APR)3.Bunga Periodik (IPER)
4.Bunga Efektif Tahunan (EAR Or EFF%)
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Rumus Periodic Rate
FV Dalam Periodic Rate
Annual Rate (EAR or EFF%)
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Semiannual & other compounding periods
Concept
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Pembayaran yang terjadi pada awal atau
akhir periode
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Deposit = $.100Nominal Rate (I) = 10%Based on a 365-day yearBerapa keuntungan selama 9 bulan?
Jawab :Periodic Rate (Iper) = 0.10/365 days = 0.000273973 per day 0,0274% per day
Number of day = (9 months/12 months) (365 days) = 0.75 (365) = 273.75 days, rounded to 274 days
Ending amount = PV (1 + I)N
= $100 (1 + 0.000273973)274
= $107.79
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Amortized loansConcept
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Pinjaman yang akan dilunasi dalam jumlah yang sama setiap
periode (bulan, kuartal, atau tahunan) hingga jatuh tempo.
Dalam pembayaran terkandung:
cicilan pokok hutang + bunga
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Amortized Loans
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Demi tujuan ekspansi PT. Mafati Cargo Express
melakukan pinjaman bank sebesar $100,000
dengan jangka waktu pinjaman 5 tahun (i = 6%).
Berapa beban yang dikeluarkan perusahaan tiap
tahun hingga hutangnya lunas pada jatuh tempo?
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PV1
I
Loan Payment =1 -
( PMT ) (1 + I)N
$ 100,0001
6%
1 -(1 + 6%)5
=
= $ 23,739.64
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Loan Amortization Schedule
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Growing annuitiesConcept
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Rangkaian pembayaran yang diterima atas jumlah tertentu
pada suatu periode. Namun pertumbuhan anuitas disini
digunakan untuk menggambarkan serangkaian pembayaran yang
tumbuh dengan laju yang konstan.
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Growing Annuities
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Rudi mengakumulasi $100.000 dananya dalam 10 tahun dan akan mendopositkannya di bank. Diawal rudi membuat 9 deposit, berikutnya 10 deposit bunganya 6% serta inflasi 2% p.a. Berapa jumlah setoran awalnya?
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Real rate = Ir = [1.06/1.02]-1.0
= 0,0392157= 3,9215686%
Jika inflasi 2% per tahun, dalam 10 tahun $100.000$100.000/(1+0.02)10 = $82,034,83
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