Timeline

2800-2000 BCE Indus Valley civilization began1200-900 BCE Earliest Holy Scriptures compiled 900-600 BCE Brahmanical religion develops, emphasizing ritual and social obligation 800-300 BCE More Holy Scriptures are written, which include the ideas of reincarnation and karma as well as the rise of devotional movements500 BCE Buddhism and Jainism founded in India

Timeline600-1600 CE Holy Scriptures continue to be written and worship rituals develop1700-1900 CE Hindu Renaissance 1857 CE National War of Independence 1895 CE Vedanta Society founded to promote Hinduism as a world religion and India as a nation1915 CE Gandhi joins the nationalist movement (1948 assassinated)1950 CE Constitution of India

General Facts One of the oldest religions and 3rd largest One god in three persons with many helpersBelieve there is more than one way to reach Heaven Does not have a specific Holy Literature, instead several booksFamily oriented and very culturalBelieve in reincarnation Mainly practiced in IndiaHas over 900 million believers worldwide as of 2009.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jesIqlDkKdY

Location

Maps of Origin and Distribution

Maps of Origin and Distribution

Chart1

80.5

13.4

2.3

1.9

0.8

0.4

0.6

% of total population of India

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% of total population of India

Hindus80.5

Muslims13.4

Christians2.3

Skikhs1.9

Buddhists0.8

Jains0.4

Other0.6

To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.

Sheet2

Holy ScriptureVedas (Wisdom)Divided into two broad categories: Shruti and SmritiOriginal four parts Rig Veda: oldest part of Vedas Yajur Veda: about sacrifices Sama Veda: hymnal to the godsAtharva-Veda: magic spellsScripture added laterBrahmanas: duties of the priests explainedUpanishads: meaning of the universe mediations Mahabharata: tale of war between the godsRamayana: story of god Rama and the quest to find his wife ,Sita, from the demon called RavanaPuranas: elaborates on the stories, worshipping of different gods, creation, destruction and re-creation of the universe, philosophy, as well as other topics Bhagavad Gita: also part of the holy scripture

Holy ScriptureVedas are god ordained and sacredOne god but three in one (Triad): Brahman: Brahma, Vishnu, ShivaBrahma: creatorVishnu: protector/ preserverShiva: destroyer

BrahmaVishnuShiva

Symbols and ArtifactsSanskrit Om is used in prayers or mantras Cows are considered sacred because of their gentleness and they give more that they takehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgEk4dPImNI

Om- Purity and possibility

Symbols and ArtifactsVermillion bindi (red dot)BindiHindu god Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance) performing the cosmic dance of bliss. Lotus Flower: symbolizes seeking MokshaBindi: symbolizes female energy and protection from evilhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=002AY4cb5uw watch if time about Bindi

Fundamental PrinciplesTeachings: Four aimsDharma: performing religious and social dutiesArtha: building up of wealthKama: fulfilling ones desires Moksha: freedom of the continuous cycles of reincarnation

Fundamental PrinciplesWays of Achieving Moksha:Knowledge: to experience union with the godsAction: acting selfless, others before yourselfDevotion: prayers, chanting of Vedas, surrender oneself to the will of the gods

HolidaysRaksha Bandhan: Celebrates love between brother and sisterCelebrated in July or August On Raksha Bandhan, sisters tie a bracelet onto their brothers hand which means we wish him luck for the rest of his life and he gives his sisters money, my friend Mona Patel said.

HolidaysNavarati:Nine day celebration of Mother Durgas victory over evil demonCelebrated this year from October 9-18, 2010 We dance tradition dances like the Garba and the Raas from like 8 till 3 in the morning, my friend Mona Patel said.

Couple dance the Garba

HolidaysDiwali: celebrates the goddess named Lakshmi (luhksh-mee), who is the goddess of wealth, fertility, and prosperity.Celebrated in November 5Is also known as the festival of lights and is the start of the financial year in India

Religious RitesPrenatal RitualsRite of Conception: performed before conception, wish for a male child and protection of the child while in the womb. After 3-4 months another ceremony is performed wishing for male child and safeguards against miscarriages.Between 4-8 months a ceremony is performed to protect the child against evil spirits.Childhood Rituals:Naming ceremony occurs between the 10th and 12th day of life.Girls receive ceremonial ear piercing between the ages of 1 to 5.Boys receive their first haircut by the time they turn 5.Other rituals are performed to help the children prepare to assume their religious and social duties as adults Upanayana is a spiritual re-birth that only involves males from the upper three castes in Hindu Society which leads to purity. (Ages 16,22,24)

Religious RitesMarriageImportant ritual in Hindu societyA man is not complete until marriage and having a son.Elaborate ceremony

Lady wearing a traditional wedding Sari

Red and Gold: symbolizes love and faith Nikit Malkan wearing a sherwani which is typically worn during religious or attending wedding ceremonies

Religious RitesDeath: Body is carried in a procession to the local cremation groundsProcession lead by eldest son, who acts as chief mourner calling out the name of a god.Cremation is the last the sacrifice in which the body is offered in the sacred fire The deceased is born again and united with their ancestorsMourning can last from 12 days -1 year

Major ContributorsNo single founderVeda Vyasa1500 BCESankara 700 CERamanuja1000 CEMadhva1200 CE

Religious & Social StructureBrahmins-PriestsKshatriya- WarriorsVaisyas- Commoners/ MerchantsSudras-Peasants/ArtisansPariahs-Untouchables

Roles of WomenNot allowed to read or hear Vedas because they are not believed to be spiritually inclined.Are recently being accepted as priestessesDependent on fathers, husbands, and sonsPrimarily viewed as mothershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBsYhq-eTXA

Art Most art is centered around religious beliefs.DanceMusicSculpture

Science/TechnologyEducation: 1st University 700 BCEMathematics: Concept of zero, Quadratic equation, TrigonometryAstronomy: Solar System, 365 days/yearMedicine: Holistic and herbal practices

Influence on Political & Economic SystemsMahatma(Mohandas) Gandhi (1869-1949): Father of India Lead non-violent protests against the British Influenced Martin Luther King Jr. who lead the United States Civil Rights Movement in 1960s to end segregation The Caste system and the religious beliefs influenced both the Political and Economic systems of India

Current Event

Works Cited "Assorted Videos." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. . "BBC - Religion: Hinduism." BBC - Homepage. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. . "CMP - Religions in Canada - Hinduism." Chief Military Personnel | Chef - Personnel Militaire. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. . "Desecration of Culture in Modern Garba." Hindu Janajagruti Samiti. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. . Goa, David J., and Harold G. Coward. "Hinduism." The Canadian Encyclopedia. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. . "Images." Google. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. . Martin, Phillip. "PowerPoint's on Hinduism." Hinduism PowerPoint's. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. . "The Meaning of Om." Om and Mantras. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. . "Other Hindu Symbols." YGO Hinduism. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. . "Religious Distribution of the Population." Population Foundations of India. 2005. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. . Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism World Religion. New York: Facts on File, 1991. Print. "Timeline of Hinduism - Religion Facts." Religion, World Religions, Comparative Religion - Just the Facts on the World's Religions. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. ."Hinduism Basics." Hindu American Foundation. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. .

**Om (Aum)- purity and possibility. Pure sound that is believed to be able to connect ones physical body with their soul.

*These holidays are some of the most recent or are going to happen. *