tissue: fabric of life read & review chapter 4 body tissues histology- study of biology of...
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Tissue: Fabric of Life
Read & Review Chapter 4
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Body Tissues
Histology- study of biology of tissuestissues are cells organized for a specific
function
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Development of Tissues Primary Germ Layers
the process of forming 3 germ layers is called gastrulation
the process of the germ layers differentiating into tissues is called histogenesis
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Tissue development
Endoderm – innermost layer ex. Lining of digestive and
respiratory organs, thyroid Mesoderm - middle layer
ex. muscle, skeleton, blood, skin, connective tissue, excretory and reproductive organs
Ectoderm – outermost layer ex. skin, nervous, epidermis
tissue
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Tissues
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Four primary tissue types
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
CoveringSupportMovementControl
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II. Epithelial TissuesA. 2 Main Types1. Membranous epithelium- lining/ covering2. Glandular epithelium- secreting
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Epithelial: Functions
1. Protection- ex. skin2. Sensory- ex. skin, nose, eye, ear3. Secretion- ex. hormones, digestive
juices, sweat4. Absorption- ex. small intestine, lungs5. Excretion- ex. urine, sweat
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C. Characteristics
1. limited extracellular space (matrix); cells appear tightly packed
2. apical surface (free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ) & basement membrane (bottom surface connected to connective tissue)
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Characteristics-(Continued)
3. avascular- no blood vessels; uses diffusion instead
4. innervated- contains nerve fibers
5. origin is ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal
6. high regeneration capacity
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D. Classification of membranous epithelial
1. Cell Shapesa. Squamous- flat, roundb. Cuboidal- cubedc. Columnar- narrow cylinderd. Pseudostratified- one layer of odd-shaped columnar cells; appears appears to be more than one to be more than one layerlayer
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Layers of Cells
Layers of Cells
a. Simple- single layer
b. Stratified- more than one layer
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3. Cell Shapes & Layers of Cellsa. simple squamous-
ex. alveoli in lungs
b. simple cuboidal-
ex. glands, kidney
c. simple columnar-
ex. golbet cells, cilia,
microvilli
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
Absorption Secretion Filtration
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Glands, ducts Walls of the kidney
tubules Surface of the
ovaries
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
Goblet cells secrete mucus that aids in the function of respiratory system
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Pseudostratified columnar ex. goblet cells, respiratory
All the cells rest on the basement membrane
Since some of the cells are shorter then others, the nuclei appear at different heights
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Stratified Squamous (keratinized and non-keratinized)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Most common stratified epithelium in the body
Squamous at the free edge and columnar or cuboidal at the basement membrane
Sites of abuse or friction: esophagus, mouth and outer portion of the skin, the outer surface of skin is keratinized (surface cells contain keratin, a tough protective protein)
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Keratinized vs. Nonkeratinized
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Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal
and Columnar Epithelium usually just two cell layers
Fairly rare in the body; mainly ducts of large glands Sweat glands Mammary glands
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Transitional Epithelium
highly modified stratified squamous: urinary bladder, ureters, urethra.
All these organs are part of the urinary system and are subject to considerable stretching
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Section 2 vocab: common suffixes
-ac, -al, -ary, -ic, -tic, -ous: pertaining to/related to
-ad: derived from -algia: pain -cele: hernia -centesis: puncturing -ectomy: cutting out -iasis: a process or its results -itis: inflammation -ium: diminuitive, small -ize: to make into -lysis: break down -oid: resembling, like
-oma: tumor/cancer -osis: denotes states or
condition -ous: possessing, full of -plasty: molding, forming -rrhea: flow -sect: to cut, divide -sia, -sis, -tion, -y:
action/condition -stomy: make an artificial
opening -tomy: to cut
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Three Week Schedule9/8- Gladular Epithelial tissue; Scope Work9/9- Quiz (Epithelial tissue); Connective Tissue & Muscle tissue9/10- Scope Work (Sub day)9/11- Nervous Tissue; Scope Work9/12- Vocab quiz (2); Microscope work (no lecture)
9/15- Integumentary Notes, Scope work9/16- Integ. Notes, Tissues Review, Scope work9/17- Tissue Practicum Quiz, Tissue Packet Due9/18- Finish Integ Notes; Lab activity 9/19- Vocab Quiz (3), Disease & Disorder Lecture (End 1st 6 wks)
9/22- Review for Test 9/23- Tissue/IntegumentaryTest9/24- Bones/Skeletal Lecture9/25- Bones Discussion and Identification9/26- Vocab Quiz (5), Bones Lab
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Glandular Epithelium
Gland: one or more cells that make and secrete a product
Secretion: protein molecule in aqueous fluid [some secrete a lipid or steroid rich secretion]
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Classification of glandular epithelial tissue
1. Cell Number
a. Unicellular glands- single cells
ex. goblet cells- mucus
b. multicellular glands- clusters of cells;
ex. mammary ducts- milk
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Classification of glandular epithelial tissue
2. Discharge methoda. Exocrine glands – secrete into duct
ex. saliva, sebaceous, mammary, sweat
b. Endocrine glands - ductless; secrete hormones into bloodstreamex. pituitary gland, thyroid, ovary, testes, adrenal,
pancreas
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Glandular Epithelium
Endocrine: ( internal secreting) ductless; all hormone
secretions directly into the blood or lymphatics (secrete by the process of exocytosis)
thyroid; adrenals; pituitary
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Multicellular Exocrine Glands
Two basic parts:DuctSecretory unit
that consists of secretory cells called acini
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Modes of secretion Merocrine glands-
exocytosis (pancreas, salivary
glands, sweat glands) Holocrine Glands-
rupture (Sebaceous oil glands
of the skin)
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Epithelial tissue overviewEpithelial
Simple Stratified Pseudostratified
Squamous Cubodial Columnar ciliated nonciliatedtransitional
cubodial
columnar
squamous
keratinized
nonkeratinized
ciliated
nonciliated