tissue imaging with new maldi-tof(tof) instrumentation presented at msia 2013 vanderbilt university...
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Tissue Imaging with New MALDI-TOF(TOF) Instrumentation
Presented at MSIA 2013
Vanderbilt University
April 17,2013
Marvin Vestal, CSO
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Outline
• Design Philosophy• Modular Approach• Technical Advances
– 5 kHz laser– Efficient Ions Optics– Improved time focusing– Fast and efficient high mass detector– High resolution precurser selection and multiplexing
for TOF-TOF• Summary of performance• Application to tissue imaging
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Velocity and space focusSimulTOF Systems
Vg
V
Vp
Vg
V
Vp
Vg
V
Vp
100 Linear
200 Combo
300 Tandem
detector
detector
detector
Ion mirror
Ion mirror
Collision cell Ion accelerator
detector
timed ion selector
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Commercial products introduced at ASMS 2012
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Design Philosophy
• We have employed a modular design philosophy, where a number of systems/modules are common to all three initial products.
– Reduces complexity– Delivers advantages for manufacturing and supply chain.– Facilitates our simultaneous introduction of multiple products – Enables options that respond to the needs of specific customers and
applications.
• Deliver a robust/reliable product that consistently performs as intended.
• Design for manufacturability and serviceability
• Build on decades of experience designing, building, and maintaining instruments, particularly mass spectrometers
• Keep the manufacturing process as simple and straightforward as possible
• Ensuring adequate access for testing, troubleshooting, and repair.
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Technical Advances in SimulTOF 100 Linear MALDI-TOF
• 20 kV source and novel high speed, high mass detector provides very high sensitivity, resolving power, and accuracy over broad mass range
• isotopic resolution below 3 kDa, and isotopic envelope resolution for high masses to 50 kDa
• High laser rate (5 kHz) and high acquisition rate (up to 50 spectra/s) makes tissue imaging practical
• Proprietary ion optics and high laser rate provide sensitivity and dynamic range limited only by chemical noise
• Resolving power>4000 @2465 Da• Resolving power>2m for full range from 100 to 2000 Da• Mass range 100Da-500 kDa• Mass error <30 ppm across the plate over the mass range 300-30,000 Da with single
peak automatic calibration• Dynamic range up to100,000
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1 ns
Typical single ion pulsewith fast scintillator
+/-30 kV +/-30 kV
-1 kV 0 V
Photonis detector
Microchannelplate
scintillator
photomultiplier
Signalout
lighte-
Ionbeam
+20 kV
0 V
Potential diagram for linear detector
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2.3 ns
Spectrum of -cyano matrix dimer measured in SimulTOF 100 Linear MALDI-TOFAt 15 kV energy using Photonis fast hybrid detector
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1 shot
10 shots
Mixture of peptide standards, 100 femtomole/L, 2.5 mm spotLaser spot ca. 50 m, fluence 1.3x threshold, 40 attomole/spot<1% consumed/laser shot=240,000 molecules
~20,000 ionsdetected <240,000Moleculesconsumed
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Applications of MALDI-TOF
• Pathogen Identification• Cancer typing directly from serum, tissue extracts, and
other bodily fluids• Tissue imaging
– Proteins for cancer typing– Small molecules for drug disposition
• Biomarker Identification and Validation– Mass Spec Immunoassay– Peptide quantitation (SISCAPA and others)
• Clinical assays of biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment
• QC of synthetic olignucleotides, peptides, proteins and small molecules
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Performance of SimulTOF 100 Linear for Complex Biological Samples
• Human Saliva– Diluted 5:1 in HCCA matrix and spotted on MALDI plate– 17 spots analyzed in linear mode over mass range 3000-3000– 5000 shots summed to produce spectra– At 5 kHz acquisition time is 1 second
• Serum sample – diluted 1:10 in sinipinic acid– 10 spots analyzed in linear mode over mass range 3000-3000– 10000 shots summed to produce spectra– At 5 kHz acquisition time is 2 seconds
• Oligonucleotides
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x400
Spectrum from one spot (3 mm dia) for 1:5 dilution of saliva sample in HCCA5000 shots
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x1
x20x100
x1000
x3000
x25000
SExamples of Superimposed Spectra from 6 spots across the plate illustrating dynamicrange and mass accuracy obtained in saliva analysis
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Serum sampleDiluted 1:10in sinipinic acid
Sensitivity, Dynamic Range, and Reproducibility are Key Metrics
Data from SimulTOF 100 Linear
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Serum sampleDiluted 1:10in sinipinic acid
Superposition of spectra from 5 different spots
Data from SimulTOF 100 Linear
Sensitivity, Dynamic Range, and Reproducibility are Key Metrics
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These are raw data. No normalization, background subtraction, smoothingor other data processing has been employed.
Expanded view
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Expanded view
Expanded view of highmass region
serumalbumin
x20
x20
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Conclusions• Resolving power 500-1000 over wide range is routine• Normalization to TIC removes most of amplitude variation• Each spot will yield up to 100,000 shots without degrading
resolving power or accuracy and giving dynamic range limited only by chemical noise
• Results might be improved by multiple levels of dilution and use of alternative matrices
• Mass error <30 ppm across the plate over the full mass range with single peak automatic calibration
• Dynamic range up to100,000
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Area Chromatogram - All Runs - db:///Marvin/RichardVisit/linprot2 - 33.598 s.d. with 37 %hits
70 80 90 100
25
30
35
X Position
Y P
osit
ion
8563 / (3000 - 30000)12124 / (3000 - 30000)14044 / (3000 - 30000)10158 / (3000 - 30000)15012 / (3000 - 30000)10894 / (3000 - 30000)4964 / (3000 - 30000)12414 / (3000 - 30000)
Protein images of whole mouse pup at 5 kHz, 37 J/pulse, sinapinic acid matrix, 1 mm/s, 500 shots/sp, 50x100 m pixels,100,000 spectra in 3 hoursPrototype instrument
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SimulTOF 200 in Linear Mode127,725 spectra50x50 m pixels50 spectra/s at5 kHz, 2.5 mm/s45 minutes total
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Specifications for SimulTOF 200 Combo MALDI-TOF
• Linear Analyzer (identical to 100)– 20 kV source and novel high speed, high mass detector provides very high
sensitivity, resolving power, and accuracy over broad mass range– isotopic resolution below 3 kDa, and isotopic envelope resolution for high
masses to 50 kDa– High laser rate (5 kHz) and high acquisition rate (up to 50 spectra/s) makes
tissue imaging practical– Resolving power>5000 @2465 Da– Resolving power>2m for full range from 100 to 2500 Da– Mass range 100Da-500 kDa
• Reflecting Analyzer– Resolving power >20,000 at focus mass, >10,000 over range 800-3000 Da
– Detection limits for peptides and small molecules <10 attomole/mL
– Mass error <5 ppm RMS with automatic internal calibration
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Peptide standards 1fM/L CHCA 3000 shots from single spot Calibration peak at 1042.285 is offscale
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Peptide standards 100 fM/L CHCA 500 shots
Resolving power >20,000 at focus mass>10,000 over range 800-3000 Da
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Peptide standards 100 fM/L CHCA 500 shots, higher intensity
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Figure 1: A 100 μm spatial resolution lipid ion image of a sagittal rat brain tissue section using typewriter continuous laser raster sampling acquired in 10 minutes. A representative spectrum is shown in A. The ion image overlay (B) of signal from m/z 734.4 (C), m/z 788.5 (D) and m/z 806.5 (E) highlights the differentiation of the spatial distributions for the selected ions. These results correlate to the H&E stained serial tissue section highlighting structural difference between grey matter, white matter and granular cells in the cerebellum (F). Important instrumental parameters:
3 kHz laser repetition rate, 5 mm/s sample stage velocity, and 60 laser shots/spectrum hardware average.
J. M. Spraggins and Richard Caprioli,Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterJASMS 2011
Lipids using prototype reflector
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734.6 SimulTOF 200 in Reflector Mode110,159 spectra50x50 m pixels50 spectra/s at5 kHz, 2.5 mm/s100 shots/pixel45 minutes total
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760.6
734.6
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778.6
734.6
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Specifications for SimulTOF 300 MS-MS
• High laser rate (5 kHz),multiplexed MS-MS (10x,) and high acquisition rate (up to 50 spectra/s) makes tissue imaging and high throughput LC-MS-MS practical
• Proprietary ion optics and high laser rate provide sensitivity and dynamic range limited only by chemical noise
• High resolution precursor selection (>1000)• Provides both PSD and CID fragment spectra with high
sensitivity, high resolving power, and excellent mass accuracy• Performance substantially exceeds that of all existing MALDI
MS-MS instruments• Efficient structure determination for molecules detected by
MALDI-MS
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Matrix trimer
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Matrix trimer
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18
15
2124
28
parameter is fluence in J
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Imaging of lipids with positive ions
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100 shot spectrum from single 50x50 m pixel at 5 kHz
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10,600 shots @ 5 kHz
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MS-MS Diacyl GPCho 34a:1
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MS-MS Diacyl GPCho 38a:4
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MS-MS Diacyl GPCho 32a:0
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MS-MS Diacyl GPCho 32a:0+K+
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Imaging of lipids with negative ions
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GPIns
38:4
Negative ions
MS-MS
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GPEtn 40a:6
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283
255
790
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Mutiplexed MS-MS
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Typical ms-ms spectrum of peptide 100 fm loaded, 500 shots @ 5 kHz
Angeotensin 1296.685
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superposition of 2 peptide spectra
1296.7 green
1042.3 red
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superposition of 2 peptide spectra
1296.7 green
1042.3 red
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Multiplex acquisition of 4 peptides
Superposition of separate acquisition of 4 peptides
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superposition of 4 peptides
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superposition of 4 peptides
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superposition of 4 peptides
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Sample plateBackside illumination
Sims beam
laser beam Pulsedaccelerator
Flight tube
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Spatial Resolution and Speed
• Angle min spot(m) max scan rate at max res(s/mm2)*
normal 25 16@ 5mm/s
30 deg 2.5 1600@ 0.5mm/s
180 deg 1 10000 @ 0.2 mm/s
*50 laser shots/spectrum @5kHz
50 kHz laser now available and may enable 10x further speed
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Acknowledgements
• Financial Support– NIGMS and NCRR of NIH– Christina Hsieh Vestal and the Hsieh Family
• The entire staff at Virgin Instruments– Steve Gabeler, Mark Dahl, Joe Valentine electronics– George Mills, Matt Gabeler-Lee software– Roger Voyer machinist– Steve Hattan, Ken Parker scientists– Christina Vestal, Bill Gibbs management