tm 5-1280 mobile pugmill mixing plant
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PLANT
ER
MDRYER
RATIONUNIT
VATOR
Y
RDERS56600
lied
onlyifposi-
partnum-
NS.
si-
ne,nameof
ze,manufac-
chmachine
edtomachine,
essoriesfor
red.
nemakeor
quisition.
lespacedto
ationswhen
Publ
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ManualandPartsCatalog.
ePlant,publishedbythe
ishedfortheinformation
ned.
June10,1941.)
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PLANT
ER
MDRYER
RATIONUNIT
VATOR
01
-GreeneParts..537-1
enanceandpartslists
gengine.
sorySectionParts8S6-XX
NY,Aurora,Illinois
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M
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...15
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Mixer
alinconjunctionwith831Dryerand831
nconjunctionwith821Soil Unit
5tonsper hourinbituminousmixing.
rhourInstabilized mixing.
th21'-0"
ollyortruck-tractor.')
s
.inchesat55 Ibspressure.
ailingAxle-10,200Iba.
y -3,800Ibs.
mbled-Approximately1765cu.ft.
,000cu.Ft.
ximately)
sperFlatCar(Assembledorassembledand boxed)
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Dryer
minousmixinginconjunctionwith831
5tonsper hour
th-24'-10"
yor truck-Tractor
q.inchesat 55lbs.pressure
ilingAxle-9,500lbs.
y -5,000lbs.
mbled-2,000Cu.Ft.
2250Cu.Ft.
sperFlatCar(Assembledorassembledand boxed)
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0CONSUMPTION
e
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SoilPreparationUnit
ngclaysoilaggregateinconjunction
Mixer.
rhour.
yor Truck-Tractor
q.inches at55lbs.pressure
y -4900lbs.
andboxed)
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BucketElevator
opperson821Soil PreparationUnitor831
gorclaysoil aggregatepreparation.
rhour.
Axle-usedwith TowingPintle
s
inchesat55lbs.pressure.
ailingAxle2900lbs.
ge- NotBoxed
bled-500 Cu.Ft.
lat Car
andboxed)
NDCONSUMPTION
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be anelementary,non-technicalinstruction
rber-Greenemobilepavingmachines.Before
ptionoftheoperationand careofthesemach-
ereadertohavea generalunderstandingof
abrief knowledgeofthevariouspavingmix-
elves.
nedtoprepareandmix varioustypesofpaving
portantthatthe personinchargenotonly
eoperationofthesemachines,butalsoto be
rypavingmixturesuitedtotheparticularjob
le,andtobeable tosetthemachinesto get
ectiondevotedtoconstructionmaterialsis
thecommonmaterialswithonlyenoughin-
theinexperiencedoperatortousethem incon-
s.Iffurtherinformationis desired,itcan
rces.
gnedespeciallyformaintenanceandrepairwork,
sed mostlyforsimple,durablemixessuchas
ctionandsoil-aggregateconstruction.Since
siblyrepairingand fillingholesinroads
illnotbe setuplongat oneJobsite.
yself-contained,areofsemi-trailerdesignto
are easytosetup,requiringonly abrief
canbegin.Theoperationof theplantsis^
eideaof speedandsimplicityfortheset-
cessfuluniformflowofmixedmaterial.Ver-
sincethe plantscanhandlealmostanykind
littlechangenecessary.However,formain-
is usuallydesiredtoutilizethematerials
nynecessarymaterialwhichis lacking,toget
cussion,weshall referonlytothistype of
describingtheplants.
onweaddsmallmeasuredquantitiesofbituminous
proportionedmixtureofaggregate(sand,
toget apermanent,waterproofedtrafficsur-
afficabrasion.
structionweaddsoilorclay andwatertotheprop-
alow costmixtureofhighstability.This
sabasefor abituminoussurfacemat,where
blethatitis unabletosupporttraffic.Of
uctioncanbeusedfor thesamepurpose,but
untof materialisused,itis desirabletouse
outdependingupona limitedsupplyofasphalt,
ctioncomesintousewheneverpossible.
hesetwodifferentmixesis ofcoursequite
ntmachinestoprocessthem.However,inboth
isathoroughmixingtogetherofall themat-
onemachine,thereforethismachineis used
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he841 MIXERariditsbasicunitis atwinset
pugmill.Herethe bituminousmaterial
oil-aggregateconstruction)issprayedonthe
portionedaggregateandthoroughlymixedtoget
mixture.
nunitin theBituminousmixingplantsetupis
Thebasicpart ofthisunitis alarge,rotating
teisheatedanddried asitpassesthrough.
bituminousconstructionbecauseofthepecul-
hepresenceofmoisture-it willnotadhere
.The831 DRYERalsoservesanotherpurpose,
mountsofthe aggregateasitisfed intothe
order togetastable mixturewhichwillhold
ngplantsetuptheprimaryor preparationunit
PREPARATIONUNIT.Herethesoil (clay)is
izedbycrusherrollsso thatitwillbe mixed
gateinthe841 MIXER.Inadditiontheaggregate
31DRYERbutthedryingprocessis eliminated,
quiredtohelp spreadtheclayparticles
makethefinishedmixwetenoughtocompact
outthevariousmixturesand thesettingof
esemixtures,letus familiarizeourselveswith
theactionofthematerialsas theypass
PPERDRUMBURNERCONVEYORPU6MILL5PRAY8ARTRUCK
nof theBituminousplantbyfollowingtheflow
ntcancombinetwodifferentsizesof agg-
tion.Or,ifonlyonesizeis availablewhich
sofsandandgravelto worksatisfactorily,
all referinthisdiscussionto twosizes,
a bankrungravelcontainingsand,couldbe
gatesarestockpiledinfront ofthe831port-
hchargesthehopperofthe831 DRYER.This
esforthe separatehandlingoftwosizes.
aggregatesintothe buckets,beingassistedby
ercontrolleddragscoopswhichpullin themat-
ckedupby thebucketsanddumpedintothediv-
opperhasa platefeederforabasewhich
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nmeasuringgatesintotheDRYERdrum.
tingin acontrolled,measuredfeedofmat-
ndentlycontrolledsothat differentamounts
dfromthetwohoppersat thesametime,allow-
drumrotatesslowly,beingtilted onaslight
hopperendsothe aggregatewillpassthrough.
flights areboltedsothatwhenthe drumrot-
cked upfromthebottomofthe drumandlet
ot gasesfromtheburner.In thiswaythe
by thetimethematerialhaspassedcomplete-
sbeenheatedanddried.Thepreparedand
thendropoutthroughthedischargechuteonto the
nveyor.
heaggregateletus lookattheheatingsystem
heatedbyanair-oilatomizedflamefromthe
ablowerunitonwhichan oilpumpismounted
etank.Anexhausterfanunderneaththestack
ethroughthe drumandouttheexhauststack.
afterpassingthroughthedischarge chuteis
othe twinshaftpugmillbythebelt conveyor.
t issprayedwithbitumenfromanozzle
menisfurnishedbya meteringpumpwhich
he spraybarfromthestoragetankonthe
narethenmixedthoroughlytogetherin thepug-
tatingpaddlesonthe twinshaftswhich
lthroughthemill anddischargeitthrougha
use.
1DRYERtheaggregatesareproportionedand
ERbitumenisaddedandthe materialsaremix-
ANT
PPERCRUSHERCONVEYORP06MIU.SPRAYBARTRUCK
ofthe Soil-Aggregateplant,letusagain
gatesthroughthe machines.Rememberinthis
setup,theplantisconstructedto combinetwo
eandclaysoil butifonesize ofaggregateis
atisfactorilysimplyuseit inbothsidesof
gatesarestockpiled infrontofthe 831port-
hisused tochargethehopperofthe 821SOIL
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accomplishedinthesamemannerasin the
theuseofmen withshovelsandthepowerdrag-
oppersimiliartotheDRYERhopper,havinga
rasabasewhichfeedsmateri;1 outthroughthe
ggregatefallsdirectlyonto the841MIXER
gthesand andgravel,the821SOILPREPARATION
yandpulverizesit soitcanbe mixed.The
l hopperwhichhasabar-chainfeederonthe
youtthrougha controllablegateontoasmall
theclayanddropsitintoa roll-crusher.These
eclay lumpswhichfallontothe841MIXER
sandandgravel.(SeeDiagram)
onedclay,sand,andgravelthenare carried
anddumpedinasbefore.Asthe paddlesmix
terisaddedasr equiredtospreadtheclay
togetthecorrectamountofmoisturein the
eadandrolledit willcompacttoadense
xwhichis moistenoughtoholdtogether
esloppy.Thewateris pumpedthroughspray-
centrifugalwaterpump,buttheamountadded
s.
1SOILPREPARATIONUNIT,theaggregatesare
measuredandprepared;theninthe841 MIXER,
terialsare mixedtogethertogeta uniform,
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TION
tuminousandSoil
tionofAggregates.17
regates18
portioning
thBituminousMaterials.20
Tars20
lculations32
thClaySoils34
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is togivethereaderenoughinformationabout
ethodsnecessarytotheoperationoftheplant.Add-
obtainedfromothersources,oneofwhichis the
ngMaterialsHandbook,givinggeneralinformation.A
tled"MaterialsandMethodsforMilitaryAirportCon-
especiallyfortheconstructionofairports,butit
ofdefinitions,principles,specificationsandterm-
erialsandtypesof mixesnecessaryforcomplete
eseplantswillbeoperatingin restricted
gregatearelimitedas toqualityoramountandthe
minousmaterialisprobablydeterminedbythesource,
celeftinselectingthetypeofmix,butrather
kingthe bestpossibleuseofwhateverisavailable.
nwhichfollowswillbegeneralinformationonone
he mostcommonlyfoundaggregatesinpractically
thplants withwhateverclaysoilorbituminousmat-
iningthemechanicalsettingofthe gatesand
ture.
soincludedsothatthe operatorwinbe
mixturehe isobtainingissatisfactory.
ORBOTH
GGREGATEMIXES
RADATIONOFAGGREGATES
generalinformationaboutaggregateswhich
tuminousPlantandtheSoilAggregatePlant.A
greatpartuponthe properselectionandcombining
nthe correctproportions.Acrosssectionofanideal
xtureof varioussizedparticleswiththespacesor
kinglargerparticlesfilledwiththenext smaller
lledwiththe nextsmallersizes,andsoon
mall voidsarefilledwithdust.This means
tywhichwillstronglyresistdisplacement.
ferredto asawell-gradedaggregate.A
ayhaveamaximumparticlesizeof1-1/2inches,
whichisknownascoarsesand.Thestability
snot dependentuponthesizeofthe largest
eprogressivegradingof thelargeparticledown
minanceofsinglesizeparticles(whetherthey
rticles)the aggregatewilllackstability
particleswillrolland sliponeachother,not
aterialtolocktheminplace.Theonly ex-
eofcrushedrockwherethere areenoughflat
mechanicalinterlocking.
atthemaximumsizeofmaterialselected
Thethicknessofthepavementormat tobe
itation.Agoodgeneralruleto followisto
ixgreaterthanone-halfthethicknessofthe
herwords,if thepavementisatwoinchcourse,
eshouldnotexceedoneinch indiameter,pre-
e-fourthsinchindiameter;likewiseif itisa
mumsizeshouldnotexceedtwoinchesin dia-
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bletoproduceadurable pavement,forifone
completethicknessofthemat,it wouldbe
erestofthe mixanditwouldsoon loosen
he pavementbreakingupatthatpoint.
AGGREGATES
mportanceofgradationit wouldseemthat
tablemixwouldbetohave anelaboratescreening
engineersandoperatorsof thesemixingplants
uipmenttoobtainthisexactgradationand further-
necessaryaggregatestouseforsuchagradation.
rytoestablishprocedureswhichwill
quirementsofastablemix.In general,itis
aggregatepassa#4screenand50^retained
eenwillpassparticlesabout3/16"or less
productis commericallyknownassand).This
sible,useacombinationofcoarseandfine
uantityofcoarserparticlesinthemixhelps
ughthegrading maynotbeideal.In other
ureissaferfor desiredstability.Thereshould
argersize particlesabovesandtoactually
hotherorelsethoseparticlesare merely
thestabilityis againentirelydependentupon
self.
vailablebankrun gravel,containinga
,whichis idealafterremovinglargeoversized
idedbyhow wellthebankstandsupwhen
eotherhand,manybankrungravelsare pre-
ngequipmentisavailable,thelargerpieces
ecrusheddowntobalanceoutthe percentageand
edbycrushingwillalso helptoincreasesta-
ereit isdifficulttoprocessthebankrun
avelis available,agoodmixturecanbe
ushedstonewithsand.
d(passinga#4 screen)arethemosttricky
lttoestablishandinsuregoodstability.
dsupontheproper gradingwithinandthe
cles.Thisproperconditionis difficultto
ygradedsandmattends toshoveandrutunder
ndertheroller.
yavailableaggregateinmanysections
nothingbetterthanagoodsand mixwhenpro-
ndis usuallyabanksanddugout inits
whichdoesnot containmuchclay,butstandsup
kindicatesthatithas goodstability.A
resand,ontheotherhand, isusuallylackingin
hharmsitsstability.In conmercialpaving
ndsareblendedtogethertoobtaina goodoverall
eas alastresort.Moistenyoursand sampleand
Thiswillhelp asaguide.
snecessarytouseaggregatethatvariesin
produceadensemixturesothatthe mixwillhold
orthisreason sandsarenotsuitableforSoil
nddoesnothavesufficientvariationinsizes to
y.
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portioningAggregates
ateshavebeenlocatedit isfirstnecessary
mategrading.Thisinvolvesonlytheseparationof
ofthesameaggregate,intotwogroupswith a#4
ionis orneara50-50split, thenthesingle
orall practicalpurposeswillproduceastable
uchthatthereis apreponderanceofeither
en,thenitis desirabletolookforan additional
etogivean approximate50-50split.Thatis,
and,then #2aggregateshouldbeselectedsuch
#4thanunder#4(or allover#4)inorder to
a50-50split. Ifnoothermaterialsare avail-
gregatewill havetobeusedas is,after
esdiscussedearliersuchascrushing etc.
used,thenthefollowingformulacanbe
rtionsof eachaggregate.Sincetheseproport-
number,onlyaselectedfewhavebeenusedin
.Afterdeterminingthecalculatedproportions,
usedinthemixingtables.See mixingtables
erBituminousMixesandtablenumber14under
portionsoftwoaggregatesto giveanapp-
ndunder#4:
Aggregate
regate
gateUnder#4
gateOver#4
gateUnder#4
gateOver#4
theformulais used:
a- 15%Under#4
Under#4
0)=61.5$of#1Aggregate
gate
-40divisionoftwoaggregates.
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ax= 20$Under#4
nder#4
0)_ j>0$_ of#1Aggregate
ate
0-50divisionoftwoaggregates.
a-,= 20$Under#4
nder #4
0division oftwoaggregates.
D
RIALS
thbituminousmaterials(asphalts,tars)topro-
aterialwhichwhenproperlyplaced,producesan
erproof,trafficsurface.
elysimpleand easytomixandhandle,and
rafficsoonafterit isplaced,itmakesa good
ringpotholes,washouts,shellholes,etc.
flexibilityandstickinessofbituminousmixes
thepatchto secureatightjoint withtheold
mentisdry.
orepairwitha mixturewhichcompares
dpavement.Trytouse aggregatewhichapprox-
lay aboutthesamethicknessofmat.Ordinarily
edonly totaketheabrasionoftraffic and
ce.Theloadistransferredthru the^bituminous
dthelife oradequacyofthetoppavement
ofthe base.
SANDTARS
oftwogeneralclassifications,asphalts
dividedintodifferenttypeswhichpossess
quiredifferenthandling.Therefore,this
enoughinformationaboutthe variousasphalts
beusedin theMixer.
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haltcementto whichnaphthahasbeenadded.
ack",hencethecommonnameof"RC cutback".
aisaddedto maketheasphaltfluid,thedegree
nhowmuchnapthaisadded.Thenwhenmixed with
andallowedtoaerate,the naphthaevaporates,
.Theamountofheatrequired tomakeanRC
dsuponthe quantityofnaphthapresent.
edprincipallyonthe basisofthenaphtha
fromRC-OtoRC-5;thelowerthenumber,the
nt.SeeTablebelow.
"rapidcuring"whichreferstotheshort
thatoevaporate,ie.fortheasphaltto "cure".
penduponhow muchnaphthaispresent,so
hemostnaphthawillrequirealonger periodof
nsor setsup,thandothe RC'scontainingonly
.It isimportanttoallownaphthato evaporate
hardshellsurfacewithsoft interiormay
sitis importanttorememberthatthenaphthais
mabletherefore,cautionshouldbetakentokeep
ot toheattheaggregateexcessively.Always
eraturesdownto200orunder.See Bituminous
er.
RC's,givingthe naphthacontentand
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phaltscontaininglightoilswhichareadded
emfluidorsemi-solid.Theasphaltis veryslow
sthe name"slowcuring"or"SC".Heatis
denoughfor mixingasgivenonthechart below.
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sofsmallparticlesofasphaltsuspendedin
henmixedandplacedtheemulsion"breaks"andthe
theasphaltbehind.Emulsionsaredesignedto
alonbeing exposedtotheatmosphere,although
e consideredwhichmaycauseprematurebreaking.
ntheemulsion;alsotheemulsionshouldbe handled
"break"prematurely.Sometimesthestrainer
maycauseit to"break",inwhichcasetheyshould
emsulions,itisnot necessaryordesirabletodry
ateshouldberunthroughthe Dryerwiththeburner
an4$moisturepresentin theaggregate,it
tthenmustbeallowedto cooltoatmospherictem-
canbeadded.
esoftar fromcokeovenandfromtheman-
s.Thesemixturesproducedifferentblends
pallyinregardtoViscosity.Heatis required
formixingas giveninthetablebelow.
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mixdependsuponthepropermeasurementofthe
definitequantitiesandthe propermixingofthe
centagesshouldvaryfor differentasphaltsand
curatecommercialpractice,thesepercentages
xtensivelaboratorytestsandbyformulasbasedupon
entageofasphaltwouldalsobevariedaccording
uiredofthefinalpavement.
this plantwillbeused wherethereisno
erience,andnotimetomakeelaboratecalculat-
onditionshavebeenassumedandthefeedergate
schartedaccordinglyfordifferentaggregatesand
tingscanbepickedoffof thesechartsfor
ndividualoperator'sexperiencegrows,he
hartsettingsto bettermeetthespecificcon-
mpcapacities,weightsofasphaltsandasphalt
ctorsarelistedafterthemixingincasethe
tuallyfigurehispercentagesfromscratch.
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furtherexplainthis:
heRCTable showsanaphthacontentof22$.
enhaveto pump,
tappliedtemperature)
shtherequiredamountofactualgallons
aried byaseriesof changesprockets
allon figuremustbereadjustedtosuit the
Usingthesameexample:
perminx (100-22)-
asphalt cementavailableinthetotal
e meteringpump.
nsonlyapplytoRC's& MC'sasphalts.
mulsionsbecauseherethe equivalent"cutback"
T'sareallfiguredas straightbitumens.
dmixrequires5%bitumen.Thisis necessary
easedsurfaceareatobecoatedresulting from
yonthelean side.Ifamix istoorichit
bility,andthereis littlethatcanbedone to
ing.Wittyanopen aggregate(notfilled)this
sideandwithsuchan aggregateitwouldbewise
ngssomewhat.
mixhasgoodstability.Ifi tturnsoutto be
endencytoravelthesurface,aspray ofasphalt
pliedto thesurfacetoresistthe abrasion.Nor-
essaryunlessthesurfaceisusedayear ormore.
weightoftheaggregatehasbeen assumedat
Thisisa goodaverageweightalthoughsomevar-
ththeaveragemixfiguredon theleansideand
suredbyvolume,thisvariationshouldnotbe serious.
peningshavebeencalibratedandthetable set
aggregateunderaverageconditions.Themeasurement
e openingmightvarywithdifferentpercentages
orbecomesmoreexperiencedhecanadjustthegates
eofthemixunder certainconditions.Wherelarge
itissimple tocheckgateopeningsbythefollow-
gs
atesat2" openingandstartuptheplant
gpumponthe mixerortheburneron thedryer.Allow
uslyrunanddischargefromthepugmill untilthe
gmill.Thisisusuallyaboutone ortwominutes
thepugmill.Thedischargedmaterialshouldbe
ndthen redumpedinthestockpileattheload-
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is uniform,stoptheoperations,placean
ge,andthensimultaneouslyresumeoperations,
o loadthetruck(orpartiallyload,have at
thetimeon stoppingtheplantoperationsand
f gravel.Theweightoftheaggregatewillbe
weightoftheemptytruck.NoteBesure that
operatingspeedsduringthesetestruns.
- Ibs.per.min.ateachof twogates
"gateopening
"ofgate openings.Caution:Besure
longenoughfortheaggregatefromthe 6"gates
eforecatchingasample.Otherwise,the2"gate
issecondreading.
theIbs.permin. atanyothergateopening
byinterpolatingorby graphingonpapera
points.
anddump theaggregatebackonthestock
tissetup fortwomixingcapacities-25tons
our.Theselectiondpeendsmainlyupontwo
eaggregateand(2)howhot shouldtheagg-
htheparticularasphalt.Experiencewillhelp
conditionsandselectthepropercapacity.Gen-
to startwiththelowercapacityandthen
ppearspractical.
ouse thetablesitis necessarytoknowwhat
edand'theapproximateclassificationofthe
callyasto typeofaggregateandhorizon-
Notethatanall-sandmix willrequirean
.Undertheaggregatecolumnsarefoundthe gate
amountof materialwhichwillbefedbythis
inute.Onthe samelinewiththeasphaltis
tureformixing,thegallonsofasphaltto
mix,and thesprocketstobeusedon theKinney
ectamountofasphalt.
supposeMC-4is tobemixedwitha combination
0-60"rangeand itisdecidedto usethe20T.P.H.
lockingatthechart-weseethat the47Tdrive
pumpsprocketshouldbeused.Followingacross
undertheproperaggregatecolumnthe#1 gate
deliver2.61cubicfeet perminuteandthe#2
0"todeliver 3.91cubicfeetperminute.Next
edtemperaturereadingof190F.
nformationnecessarytosetthe machines,
gsandthe pumpsprocketsandtemperatureofbit-
insanexperiencedoperatorcanjudgewhether
ssary.
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lus# aggregate
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MEN
heatedandtherefore,agivenvolumewill
twillat 60F.Forthisreason,it will
theweightofthebitumenused atitsspecified
erethespecificgravityorweightpergallon
own,theexactweightpergallonat the
becalculatedasoutlinedbelow.
WeightorVolumeof
peratures
.
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onfromSpecificGravity
menpergallonat60 F.whenthespe-
sknown,multiplythespecificgravityby
erat 60F.(Actualweightofwaterat
pecificgravityis1.0)
phalt cementis1.011.
l.at60F:
.pergal.at 60 F.
eightpergallonfrom specificgravity:
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yasto contentandproperties,itis
ooksonthissubjectfora moredetailedtechnical
hepurposeofthisbook,claysoilsbehave
veandwillbeclassifiedundertwo generalclass-
SandandSilt
lysandandsilt havingalowclaycontent,
aggregateconstructionbecauseofthelowbind-
ysmallpercentageofclay(whichproducesthe
oilmakesit necessarytoaddquiteasizable
takingasamplein thehandonecantell from
feel"whetherit containsmuchsand.Sandy
monnearcoastalor lakeregions.Todetermine
mplemightbe moistenedandrolledintoa
nd andgraveltoseewhetherit containsenough
llyifa smallmoistenedsampleofthesoil
sit willbesatisfactoryifit winforma
untilitis aboutthediameterofacommon
Clay
centageofclayarewell suitedforsoil
However,someoftheseclayeysoilshavedifferent
eofthemundesirable.Anordinaryyellowclay
eclaycontentandwhichdries outinlumps
wderwhichreadilyabsorbswater,is wellsuit-
mboclayswhichretainmuchmoistureandbecome
henwetwillbe hardtohandleandmix,since
rusheasilyintofineparticleswhichcan
ghoutthemix.Insteadtheywill "pancake"as
herrolls intosoftlumpswhichwillnot break
ndful,onecandetermineapproximatelyhow
orkingitwiththefingers,possiblyaddingsand
oldthemtogethersuccessfully.Remember
entinthe mixwillvaryaccordingtotheclay
emixdependsuponthepropermeasurementof
efinitegradedquantitiesand thepropermixing
erin thepugmill.Thepercentageofsizesof
erwillvaryfordifferentsoilsand fordifferent
mercialpracticetheaggregateswouldbemeasured
ctamountsofdifferentsizeswerepresentand
stoclaycontentandamountofwater required.
operatedwheresuchtests cannotbemade,
onshavebeenassumedandatablemadeupfor the
eningsandsoilgateopeningfor differenttypes
generalclassificationsofsoilsalreadydis-
ratorcan setthegatesforthe initialset
bular jfaluestomeetspecificconditionsas
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ouse thetableitis necessaryto
availableandtheapproximateclassification
dydiscussed.
mbinations(togivethe50-50split onthe
s listedundertheBituminoustablesexcept
sand"and"allcrushedaggregates"which
gregatemixes.Thesoilcolumnattheleft,
sof soils.
nsappearthegatesettings ininches
et perminuteforboththe30 tonsandthe
es.
supposethesoil availableseemstocontain
andsupposea 40-60combinationofaggregates
itytobeabout30tonsper hour.We
ercolumnforthe 40-60combination
soil selectionunderthe30tonsper hour.
dsthatthe#1 aggregategateshouldbeset
egateset at5.66"andthesoil gateshouldbeset
arytosettingupis nowavailableandafter
nce,hecanjudgewhetherfurtheradjustmentis
pecificconditions.
rted,the operatorshould
etherit issatisfactory.Naturallyhewillbein a
ftersomeexperienceinobservingtheresultson
owingpointswillhelpguide him.
eofgettingtheproper amountofmoisture
ssedpreviouslyunder"SettingUpTheMix".The
mix,testingasamplein hishandoccasionallyas
millto determineifheisadding thecorrect
lholein theground,ashovelfulcanbetamped
pactswellandholdstogether.Ofcourseit
atortojudgeamixin thefutureafterhehas
ctsafteri thaslaidfor afe.jdays.Remember
moisturecontentneartheoptimumandavoid
rtantthatthe materialsbethoroughly
uniformlythruout.Somethingsto watchoutfor:
notbeingcrushedintofineparticlesit
oughtheaggregate.If lumpsarepassingthrough,
adjustedtoeliminatethem.Somegumboclays
willpancaketogetherafterpassingthroughthe
mixingandcannotbe eliminated,trytofind
arenot suitedtothesoil aggregatemix
chsandorsilt andnotenoughclay.Ifafter
whichhasasatisfactorymoisturecontentbut
rdue toinsufficientbinder,increasethe
s deesnothelp,tryto findanothersoil
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hasbeendiscussedbeforethatif theagg-
ofonesizeof aggregateorifitcontainsall small
noughtoholdtogetherwhen dry.Therefore,
tosee thatthepropergradationofaggregateis
pactwithoutvoids.
ustbeproperlyplacedinorder toinsureits
.Eventhoughthemixisproperlyproportionedthru-
oughlycompactedtoinsurestability etc.The
nistoeliminatevoids betweenparticlessothat
andbindtightly underloads.Inorder
xshouldbetampedor rolledinlifts.This
acedandtampedinlayersoftwo orthreeinches
ontrolsthisamountofcompaction,and
mill ischeckedtoinsuretheproperamountof
rtantthatthemix belayedandcompactedvery
dlossofwaterbyevaporation.
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ationofPlantSites.41
p41
e41
tonLocation41
6
ePlant.47
ns47
etUp49
e49
tonLocation50
onUnit50
6
ePlant56
ns57
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LLOCATIONOFPLANTSITES
uminousPlantSetupSite andtheSoil-
pSitedependsonthe pavingprojectandits
erialsrequiredas wellasothersuppliesinvolv-
menfortheBituminousMixeswillbeavail-
productnottobe foundlocallyandthus
etheselectionofthesite.
bletosetup neartheproject,however,
neededmaynotmakethispossible.The
bile,andsimpleandquicktoerect,it iseasy
aggregatesourceofsupplyortothe siteof
whetheritis easiertohaulmixedmaterialor
ofcourse,usableaggregatesmaybefoundright
yacentralizedsetupnearanaggregate
there areseveralprojectsinthesamevic-
Aggregateconstruction,waterisrequiredso
dbeconsideredinthe plantsiteselection.
ntsis outlinedwithdimensionedlay-
.A measuringtapeofapproximately50feet
oexpeditethelocatingofthe units.
UP
e
sistsofthe831Dryer andthe841Mixer,
chargetheaggregatehopperontheDryer,
erto facilitatethesetupofthese
pointsandcorrectoperationofunits,it
elornearlylevel,welldrainedground loc-
ortheunits only,shouldmeasureabout
hadditionalareawillberequiredto acc-
ckpilesandtruckdriveways.SeeFig.9.
salreadyin place,itwilldetermine
relationtothepilefor feedingaggregates
nalternatelayoutwiththe Mixerohthe
s possibleiftherearespacelimitations,
e mostpracticalandefficient.
tUnits
1Dryeraresupportedintheir respective
xlesand thebuilt-inadjustablejacklegs
iedbythe tractor-truckortowingdolly.See
position,theparkingbrakesshouldbe
nground,itmay benecessarytoblock
stablejackstakingcareofthe otherend
lly.Ahydraulichandjackisfurnishedto
ortworeasons;one,becauseitwouldbe
oplaceafterthe Dryerwassetjandtwo,
oconnecttothe bitumensupplyandfillthe
eatingisnecessary;therefore,theother
ilethis isbeingdone.
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owingmixer,left,dryerandbucketelevator.
sideshowingrelativepositionof mixerconveyor
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place,thecenterline ofthemixer
cedlessthan32'-7"from theedgeofthestock
eapproximatepositionoftheplant
hemixertowedintoplace.Set thejacklegs,
emovethetrailerunit andlevelupthe
enrequiredtowork onthemixertoattend
he telescopingconveyorreadyforlowering,
stothemixertank,and fillingthetank,
y.
ecessarytostakeout ontheground
tnemixer.Thisisdone byplacing
Placethefirststakeatthe edgeofthe
hecenterofthe wheelat"A".Sight
mixerconveyorbeltandplacethesecond
29'-6"from"A".From"B"measure14'-7"
veyorandplacestake"C".Thisstakemarks
erwheel.Thenplacestake"D"asshown.
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cedinits approximateworkingposition
placeafterthedryerisset-up.
to positionandmaneuvereduntilthe
take"C",andinlinewith thecenter
of thejacklegfallsonstake"D".
positionso thedischargechutefrom
operlyontothe mixerconveyor.Before
cetocheckthisposition bysighting
belt.Afterthecorrectpositionhasbeen
kingbrakesandlowerthe jacklegs.
ollyhas beenremoved,itis
mainframeofthedryerwitha leveland
positionwiththeadjustablejacklegs.
henthedryer isapproximatelylevel(main
assumeits properslopeofabout6 degrees.
veled,thebucketelevatorcanbe
heelevatoruntilit isdirectlyinpos-
erandthenset itonthejacklegs.SeeFig.
towingtonguethenunwindthehoistcable,
aveat thetongueendandthenup over
hopperandanchorinthehole provided.Take
raisetheelevatorslightlyofftheground
ythenberaisedupand boltedoutofthe
atorupmakingsurethat itisgoing up
pointwillbe reachedwherethewheels
tthe timethattheelevatorframecontacts
hispoint,disconnectthelowerpush-arms
em outintoplacetoshowhowmuchmore
raised.
dattachthesepush-arms.Unboltthe
hopperframesupportsandswingthem outinto
mtotheelevatorframe.
eupfromthehopper intoplaceunderneath
hainon whichdrivestheelevatorcounter-
kshaftonthedryer unit.Thenunwindthe
he dragscoopshaftsonthedryer,pass them
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nderneaththediyerandthen outthroughthe
hesheavesothatthexecanthen beconnected
shouldhavebeenleveled,thestack
ed ifnecessary.
OR
raised, themixerconveyorcanbe
astenthehingedportionofthe telescoping
removingthekeeper-pinfromthesupport
ethis sectionandinsertthesamepin
ghtentheconveyorout.Thenremovethe
heconveyorandallowthe conveyorto
dby eheckingitwiththehoist,if
ouldcometorest9"belowgroundline with
dischargechute,but becauseofvariations
andflexibilityofthe conveyor,itmaynotbe
conveyorclearsthesideofthedryer
,theapproximatedimensionsaregivenon
positionoftheconveyorisreached,
heheadshaftsprocket.Thenloweritthe
lock-bartoholdtheconveyorsolidly
n.
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NGTHEPLANT
anditis desiredtomovetheplant,the
anoutthehopper,pugmill,piping,andto
erasphaltstoragetankshouldbe flushedand
ons.
nveyor,removethelock-bars,slipoff
y meansofthehandhoistprovided,pull the
theconveyorridingonrollers.Severalmen
gtheweightof thelowerendduringthis
k-bartoholdtheconveyorsecureandthen
oint,fasteningthe hingedportiondownto
llwith thekeeperbarprovided.
tor,firstunfastenthedragscoopsfrom
cablesup outofthewayanchoringthemto
argechuteontop ofthehopperdownoutof
h-armanddisconnectthedrivechainand-re-
cabletothe anchorontopofthe hopper
on.
ttingthedryer readyfortravelsuch
eningthepush-armsbackoutof theway.
ereadyfortravel andshouldbecheckedto
enedsecurely.
UCTIONS
dbutbeforebendingupperright section.Jacks
wheelontractor,left,hasjustmadecontact.
erjackupthefrontend (usingthe
ntilthetractor-truckoradollycan be
eelconnectingpin.Themechanicalbrake
earwheelswhileengagingthe fifth-wheel
neoutof position.
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s initsposition,jackson machine
necttheserviceairbrakelineand em-
eir properconnectionatthefrontofthe
gused,theairbrakeconnectionforthe
eneckframemustbeconnectedtothedolly
position.
urn theaircockvalvehandleimmediately
tiononthe machinesothatthehandleis
This settingwillpermitairto travel
en theaircockvalvehandleisturned
e lineisclosedtoair travelingthrough
ionwhenonly atractor-truckisused.
remade,releasethemechanicalbrake.
eto trytheairbrakebefore starting
absolutelysuretheyarefunctioningpro-
erintowingposition.
nairissuppliedby thetractorunit,
esideof themachine.Thecockonthe
be openedforaninstantto testforair
Aslongas theairlinesare connected,the
tion,butwhenairlinesare broken,
connecting,anautomaticvalvewillre-
akesto set.Toreleasethebrakes,the
kmustthenbe opened.
radjustingbrakewithslackadjuster)
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rbeingtowedbehindModel831Dryer.
enmadereadyfor towingbyextending
urelyfasteningthehoistingcable,it
unit orattachedtothepintleconnection
DryerUnits. Whenproperlyconnected,
andfastened.
rairpressure (55#)beforetowing
rsettinginoperationfor aperiodof
air tobringitup toproperinflation
toeachmachine,theyshouldnot be
ur. Careshouldbetakeninwatchingfor
ns,etc.
SETUP
NTSITE
onsistsofthe821Soil-Preparation
ng the331Elevatortochargethe
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oil-PreparationUnit.Inorderto facilitate
ecauseoftransferpointsandcorrect
desirabletoselecta levelornearly
location(similiartoBituminousPlant).
units needonlytomeasureabout50feet
nalareawill berequiredtoaccommodate
truckdrivewaysaswell asaclaysoil
showingHixeratrightandSoils Unitat
bytheBucketElevator.Thisis theop-
nin Figure18.
PLANTUNITS
SoilPreparationunitaresupportedin
ontheirtrailingaxles andthebuiltin
supporttheendcarriedby thetractor-
ig.? Tokeeptheunitsin position,
beset securely.Duetounevenground,it
kunderonewheel,theadjustablejackstaking
lengthwiseandlaterally.Ahydraulichand
ntheseoperations.
theplantis toplacethe841
the aggregatestockpileisnot
ocationisadequate;butifthestock-
snecessarytospotthemixer sothat
heelevator.SeeFig.21.Fromthis
st thingtodois tospotastake "A"
houldbe. Thetruckdrivercanthentow
cklegs canbelowered,thetowing
theparkingbrake.Thenecessary
Severalmenare thenrequiredtowork
uchdetailsasmakingthe telescoping
ng,connectingthewatersupplylines
RATIONUNIT
nUnit,itisfirst necessaryto
positionwithrelationtothemixer,
kesas showninFig.21.
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nnedout fromtheBucketElevatortopull
tElevator.Thesoilshopperon the821Soils
e operator'sladder.
of themixerconveyorbeltand
and27'-l"from"A".From"B"
esto theconveyorandplacestake
uteredgeof therearwheelonthe
placestake"D"asshown.
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cedinits approximateworking
ficulttoplaceaftertheSoil Unit
edintopositionandmaneuvered
instthestake"C"andin linewith
the centerofthejacklegfalls
theSoil Unitinapositionso the
ocatingfeeder,andcrusherrollsfallpro-
eyor.Beforeunhooking,itisgoodpractice
htingdownthe mixerconveyorbelt.
oilsUnitby sightingdowntheMixerconveyor.
asbeenreached,setthe parking
gs.
e831Elevator.Toplaceit inapp-
aroundthe821machineandmoveit until
eaggregatehopperand sothatthecenter
ththehoistbracketon thetopofthe
klegsatthe frontofthemachineto
beingunwoundfromthedrum,pass
gue endafterthetonguehasbeen slid
en hookintheanchorbracketsonthe
.
d liftthejacklegsslightlyoffthe
unboltedandshovedupintothesupport
m inpositionoutofthe wayforraising.
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ONVEYOR
r aisedandtheremainingdetailsof
beingtaken careof,theMixershouldbe
eforetheconveyorcanbelowered,itis
pit underthe821rolls andtheplate
heconveyorcanbeloweredintothe
erthe chainguard.Thispitshouldbe dug
onsshownonFig.25.Afterthe pithas
orreadyforloweringby straighteningout
elescopingsection.Thenremovethe
ertheConveyorlettingitdowngradually,
eckit.Justbeforeitreachestheoper-
drivechainandchecktoseethatthe
correctpositionbysightingdownthe
ayandreplacethelock barwhich
ess.
yoritmaynotwantto clearunderthe
ethehydraulicjacktojackup the
ejacklegsenoughsowhenthe hydraulic
theMixerwillbeloweredso that
pdownslightlyenoughto clearunder
2.Then aftertheConveyorhas
Unit,the jackcanagainbeusedto
slightlyandthento leveltheMixer
PreparationUnitandthe831
unwindthe drag,scoopcablesfrom
hrouththetwo Dryersheavesout
heavesandthento connectthemto
es.Thedischargeplatesonthe821
nbeswungupinto positionandbolted
mthebuckets.Thegrizzly bar
overthetop ofthehopperifthey
d,theelevatorraised,dragscoops
snowreadyforoperationasdiscussed
MachineOperations."
NGTHEPLANT
mptythehoppersand cleanout
eftinthepugmill,hardenedor
ocleanoutlateron.Raisethe
nectthesupplypipingwhile theelevator
outthe lockbarandcrankthe
htheaidof severalmenliftingatthe
placethelockbar,thentake outthe
nveyorwillbreakandthencanbefasten-
er thepugmillusingthesamekeeperpin.
tor,itisnecessarytodisconnect
ethe cables'fromthesheavessothat
lockedonthedrum.
downintothehopper forclearance
sif desired.Removethedrivechainfromthe
tor.Thenfastenthepush armsandfoldthem
elevatorisfree.
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necessarytopullthebottomendout
ound,thenitmilleasilylower itself
ngbykeepingthehoistcabletight. To
canbeattachedtoa truckorawinch.When
stenthehoist cableandsetthejacklega
y.Theothermachinesshouldbereadyfor
UCTIONS
tand Mixer,jackupthefrontend
rnished)untilthetractor-truckor
thefifth-wheelconnectingpin.The
besettoholdthe rearwheelswhileengag-
pushingthe machineoutofposition.
towingposition.Fortowing841mix
s initsposition,jackson machine
necttheserviceairbrakelineand
otheirproper connectionatthefrontof
beingused,theairbrakeconnectionfor
ooseneckframemustbe connectedtothe
eendone,turn theaircockvalve
dtheairhoseconnectiononthemachineso
withthehoseline.This settingwill
dollybrakeunits.Whentheair cock
swisetothe airline,theline isclosed
itisturnedin thispositionwhen
.
remade,releasethemechanicalbrake.
eto trytheairbrakebefore starting
absolutelysuretheyarefunctioning
nairissuppliedby thetractorunit,
esideof themachine.Thecockon
uld beopenedforaninstantto test
losed.Aslongastheair linesare
nkwill notfunctionbutwhenair
dentallyorin disconnecting,anauto-
eaircausingthe brakestoset.To
ckinthe bottomofthetankmustthen
radjustingbrakewithslackadjuster)
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enmadereadyfor towingbyextend-
securelyfasteningthehoisting cable,
ckunitorattachedtothe pintle
e SoilPreparationUnitorMixer.
,thejacklegscanberaisedandfasten-
rairpressure (55#)beforetowing
rsettinginoperationfor a
l requireairtobring itupto
toeachmachine,theyshouldnot
hour.Careshouldbetakeninwatch-
arpturns,etc.
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.61
es.......64
ms........67
.....74
..76
76
....79
..79
.81
erandGates..84
Rollers....86
oneandBurner...89
.....98
.......94
95
....98
..98
tor
.......101
3
3
.105
erandGates..107
.....108
or......109
110
..112
112
....114
..114
......
......117
.....124
......129
ubrication..132
...138
.......139
40
141
142
3
hain.....143
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elescopingconveyorisstillin towingposi-
nfoldeddownforlowerclearance.
841 PugmillMixershowingbitumentank,etc.
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.30)isa rubberbeltconveyorwhichcarries
omeitherthe831Dryer orthe821Soil Preparation
8A1Mixer.
nd isontheground.However,inorder that
d,theconveyorisconstructedintwo sections.
theotherisa movableortelescopingsection
he fixedsection.Thistelescopingsectionis
nd-operatedcablehoistwhichconnectstothe low-
quiredto assistthemanwhois crankingtoraise
e bottomendandstartingtheconveyorsliding
.
astwopositions.Oneisthe operatingor
eris thetrailingorup position.Botharefix-
earthefootshaftofthe fixedsection.This
es inthelowersupportroller bracketandthe
ection.
etelescopingsection,itis necessaryto
ff.Thischaindrivesboth beltsatthesame
thefootshaftof thefixedsectionandonthe
ngsection.Itis notnecessaryto"break"this
esupenoughslackso thatwhenevertheteles-
wfeet fromoperatingpositiontheidlermay
ppedonoroffthe sprockets.
asasmallhopperfastenedto thefootend
easit isdischargedfromeithertheDryeror
overthishopperkeepoutoversizestones,
erial.
quitelongand whenitisraised,this
perportioncanswingdownand befastenedtoa
obreakthe conveyor,aKEEPERPINistaken
overthespraychamber,andthis samepinis
ownto asupportattheend ofthepugmill.
nsferconveyoralsohas asmallhopper
,however,itreceivesthematerialas it
scopingsection.Thissecondbeltcarriesthe
ntothe pugmill.
ctionsis18"wide,designedtohandle the
1Dryer.The rubberbeltcanwithstandtemper-
utsufferingseriousdamageaslongas thebelt
ng,thebelt hasachancetocoolon itsre-
hot material.Ifforanyreasonit becomes
lwaysbe suretogetall hotmaterialoffbe-
ebeltis leftstandingcoveredwithhotmat-
tperiodwouldpenetrateintothebelt to
ofbandbetweenthe rubbercoverandthecan-
trytokeepthetemperatureofthe aggregate
mixing.
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oughingrollercarriersspacedeveryfew
erson theunderneathside.Bothsectionsof
getherasdescribed.Thedrivepulleysare
rewsso thattheymaybeadjustedto getthe
tinthebelt. Also,thetroughingcarriersare
areslottedsothey maybeshiftedslightlyto
tssothey willruntrueon thetroughing
d footpulleys,thefollowingadjustmentscan
ontheheadand footpulleybutrunsoff
onelooksupthe conveyor,thentheright
bemovedslightlyforwardinthedirectionof
salignment.Ifthe belttravelstothel eft
rriersmustbemovedahead.Thecarrier
permit suchadjustment.Shouldthecarrier
theholddovmboltandthe beltstillrunsto
ntheopposite'side ofthecarrierscanbe mo-
vel ofthebeltto correctthemisalignment.
ulleysshouldbe squareorat90 tothe
fthebeltcontinuesto runofftheheadpulley
mustbeturned tocenterthebelton thepulley.
e belttotheleft ortowardsthecenterof
pingconveyor)hasthescrewadjustmentat
werconveyor(fixedconveyor)hasthetake-up
hebeltrunsoff thefixedpulleyoneither
movementcanbechangedbyadjustmentofthe
describedabove.Thesetwopulleysareset
nnotbe moved.
eentakenandthe beltbecomesloose,it
asectionofbeltand putinnewlacing.
are,otherwiseitwillnotr untrueonthe
leys.
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ugmillLinerPlate
sthebasicprocessin bothplants,ispro-
hconsistsofa curvedsteelshellinwhichtwin
ositedirectiontoeach otherorfromoutsideto
in TypicalPaddleSettingdrawing,Fig.33.The
mixedmaterialsarefedintothepugmill,mixed
paddles,anddischargedasa uniform,finished
sfittedwith eightarms(Fig.31)on which
uchananglethat,asthe paddlesrevolve,each
themixtowardthedischargeendof the
resultsfromthis interlockingmovementofthe
time eachparticleremainsinthepugmill,de-
xing.
rtomixthan others;therefore,itisnec-
hedegreeofmixingsoit willbesatisfactory
sisdonebychangingthe settingofthe
tenthemixing cycleorbydammingtheflowof
hargedamcontrol.
ant willinvolvemixingmaterialswhich
x.Therefore,thepaddlescanbesetto give
ingcycle.Aggregateswhichcontainalarge
derto mixsatisfactorily,requiringadif-
ructedlikeaneight-pointsocketwrenchso
onthe squareshaftateither45degrees or90
.See(Fig. 31)aboveand(Fig.33).
sa spiralwhichkeepsthematerialinthe
oftime.Therefore,unlessthematerialis
usuallynecessarytoincreasethelengthof
ngsomeofthe paddlesto90degrees.When
paddles,changetheones attheDISCHARGEend
thechargingendasadditionalslowingup is
etosetallthe paddlesat90degrees;the
ld beleftat45 degrees.Whenchanging
aroundshaftsholding themuptopreventun-
teeth,alsoitis advisabletokeeppaddle
ratepile toavoidconfusionandpossible
fnot noticedwouldmakeitnecessarytodo
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G
aft atthedischargeendshouldalwaysbe
Marked"Retard"inFig.33above).
erearsix paddlesoneachshaftat90
l notcoatingormixingproperlyorif
kenuprequiringadditionalmixingitis possible
epaddlesatthedischargeendto furtherleng-
sisdone bytransferringapaddlefromone
t facestowardsthematerialandwhen
ndstomovethe materialawayfromthedis-
hus retardingtheactionorflowthroughthe
erthatwheneverthepaddlesaresetto in-
epressureis correspondinglyincreased,which
llberequired forthisgreaterloadand that
lateswillwearoutfaster.If,after chang-
les,theloadbecomestoogreatforthe
yto cutdownthecapacity;inotherwords,
thepugmill.It isimportanttoremember
cityisproportionaltothedegreeof mixing
nalto thepoweravailable.
rgingendofthe pugmillareprotected
blesteellinerplates.Twocurvedliner
bottomand sidesfromabrasion.Theyare
geableaswellasreplaceabletoprovide
eendoftheplates willwearoutfirst;there-
eddaily,andunlessfairlywell worn,re-
getall thewearpossible.Flatlinerspro-
wear,butthey willoutlasttwoorthree
haltsinthepugmill,itis importantto
ever,sometimesthefumesfro:,:thecutback,r.ay
ssiblyfrom overheatedaggregate.Ifthat
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nthesprayvalveso thebitumenwillcir-
eadof spraying,leavingtheaggre'gatefeed-
otherthefire.
ed,itisimportanttocleanout thepug-
illnothardenandcausedamageto thedrivethe
arted.Also,changingofthepaddlesettingand
cultjobifmaterialis lefttoharden.
ettingofthepaddles,it isnecessaryto
nd stripthepaddleshaftsup tothepaddles
arings,dirt sealsandbushingsmustallbe re-
andspacerscanbepulled off.Whenchanging
ecessarytoworkonbothshaftsatonce,mak-
ectwhenreplacingsothatnotwo paddleswill
shouldbecheckeddailyforwear.Thetips
sobeturnedaround towearonbothedges.If
newonetokeepfromlosing thetip,whichmight
learmwhichiscostlyandrelativelydifficult
plates,scrapeall materialofftheplates
ved.Itisnecessarytotakeoffthe truckdis-
plates out.Whenreplacing,usenewboltsand
ntothecountersunk holes.
OL
dlever
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fttslocatedatthedischargeend tfthe
e DISCHARGEDAMCONTROLwhichisahopper-
istanceto theflowofmaterialin thepug-
votpointandis controlledIjacableand
chetandlockfor holdingthegateinany pos-
the dischargedamcontrolunittheflow
canbesloweduporallowedto flowfaster,
eof mixingcanbemaintained.Thisunitshould
ewhilestillobtainingagoodmix toavoid
cessaryloadonengine.
edslidingplatuv.hichcoversoruncovers
edamcontrol.It iscontrolledbjelong
pen whenmlxing>be!gshutonlyto stepthe
orchangingtrucksunderneath.Ifittakes
econdstochangetrucks,thegatemust be
avetobestopped,forthe hoppersectionof
cannotholdmuchmaterial.
relittlemaintenance,theonlyadjustments
onof thecutofflever.Thisisdoneby
adrantplate tosuittheconvenienceofthe
dbelockedtightlybeforetravelingto keep
d.
temincludestheKINNEYpumpandPIPING
addbitumentothematerialsin thepugmill.
et,thebitumenflows throughthe
tothestrainer;valves"3"and"C"being
hebitumenthen flowsthroughthepipeto
p.Fromthereitis pumpeduptothespraybar
s opentothespraybar,thebitumenpass-
ayedoutthroughthenozzleintothe pug-
lsobeturnedto sendthebitumenback
esiredto spray.Thisisnecessarywhen
pumpcanbeoperatingandthe bitumenquick-
rthesecondthattheaggregateisdischarged
ortantthatthisspraybarcontrolvalve
hutoffthe linecompletely,fortheKinney
placementtypeandcannotoperateifthe
nneyPumpKinneyMeteringPump
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eeFig.37)has acapacityoffrom2to
hecapacitydependsuponthespeedof rot-'
eedisconstant,the speedisvariedby
hichdrivethepump.Ninesizesof sprockets
shaftand twosizesofdriversprocketson
erefore,eighteendifferentspeedsor
apacitiesforthesesprocketsasusedwith
hownin"ConstructionInformation"ontable11.
erthatthe bitumenmustbefluidenoughto
uireheatingandTable12under "ConstructionIn-
cttemperatures.Thepipingandspraybarare
gwithsteamifasphaltis leftintheline dur-
ht.Thepumpisnot pipedforsteamandmay
hif difficultyisencounteredinstarting.
esshouldalwaysbedrainedsince steammightnot
nthebitumeniscold andstiff,damageto
earbolt(4)(Fig.38) throughthepumpsprocket
easure,sinceitwillbreakwhenloadis too
/16"x1-1/4"hexheadcapscrew.Whenever
ningoftroublesomewhere-the asphaltis
gnmaterialmaybeinthe pump;therefore,the
dbeforetryingtocintinueto operate.If
notsteadyanduniform,thestrainershould
ogged,orpossiblytheoutletmay beclogged
sanairleak inthelinewill alsocutdown
okeepthestrainercleanatall timesand
oreeveryrun.Thespraynozzle onthespraybar
erusing.
shaft,andsprocket
ingpump,besureto turnthevalvescor-
oughthe Kinneypump,sincewaterdoesnothave
litiesthatbitumendoes,andwill damagethe
pump.
theKinneypumpandinthe piping,the
artand allwaterdrainedoutthenreassembled
oilrun throughtogetthewaterout ofthe
stopreventcorrosion.
ngforsometime withoutoperation,fuel
ttoinsure gettingouttheasphaltorsoft-
bestartedwitheasewhen operationsarestart-
topofpumpcanberemovedto putinfuel
phalt inthepump.
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KETSONTHEKINilEYPUilP
ecapacityoftheKinney pumpisvaried
ocketorthe pumpsprocket.Therearetwo
othofwhichare ofthesplittypeso that
yonthe pugmillpinionshaftwithoutdis-
heshaft.Thepumpsprocket(5),(Fig.38)
pshaftandis securedtoahub(3) bya3/16"
w,(4)nut andlockwasherwhichactsasa
pumpfood overload.
ketitmayor maynotbenecessaryto
guponthedifferenceinsize ofthesprocKet
e onetobeused;and theamountofadjust-
neypumpidler sprocket.Ifthedifference
be necessarytobreakthechainandre-
inksif alargersprocketisto beused.
versprocket.
ket,loosenchainandunscrewthetwohex
mpshaft,slideoff theloosewasher(6)and
)whichwillthen allowthepumpsprocket(5)
cewithdesiredsprocketandreplacebolt,
gthechainwiththe idler.
ket,onthePugmillPinion Shaft,re-
ockwashersandtwolockplatesnearthe
andthe sixmachinebolts,nutsandlock
wohalvesofthesprocketsto thehub.Re-
lbolts andadjustchain.
ppedwitha packingjlandatthepoint
pumphousing.This glandconsistsofpack-
andcompressedbyaSpannernut.Thepur-
entanyleakageofbituirenout aroundthe
this Spannernuttootightly,orexcessive
ner,removetheplug fromthebottomof
outthescreen,andwashit ingasoline.
stonceortwiceaweekor wheneverchang-
the tank.Neveruseflametoclean
dandwillnotstandintense heat.
estheVIKINGPUMPandPIPING (Fig.35)
ptythestoragetankandto circulatethe
n thetank.Thesamesystemisused for
nk,theoutsidesupplylineis connect-
e,at"E"andthe twoway"F"(Fig.35)valveatthe
andvalve"C"atbottomisclosedas in
enisthen suckedinbytheVikingpumpand
veontop andintothetank.
etankof bitumen,valves"A"and'V
sclosedas in(Fig.39)andthe valve"F"
ankisclosed.The outletline"G"
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pply
e
pply
outsidetankwhichistobe filled.
kstheasphaltout ofthemixerstorage
ughtheline.
atethebitumenwhilehaating,valves
dvalve"B"is closedasin(Fig.39) andvalve
hetankis openedandthepluginsertedin
the asphaltbackinthetank.
tivetyperotarygearpump;therefore,it
argeshouldnot beclosedoffwhenpumpis
mustbefluid enoughtofloweasily,other-
maged.However,ashearboltinthepump
pfromtoogreata load.Thisisastandard
pscrew.
used tofilloremptythe storagetankandto
nitisheated inthetank.Thesamesystemis used
This isforsupplyonlyand isnotusedfor
othe mix.
edrainedafterusing. Afterpumpingasphalt,
opreventasphaltsettingupso thepump'willnot
r,drainandaddlubricatingoilto prevent
should breakwhilepumping,besureto
etheasphaltis toostifforwhetherit is
terialisinthe pumpbeforereplacingshearbolt
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erPump
ply.
terPump
geTank.
sprovidedso thatthemixermaybeapplied
ction,utilizingclayandwatertostabilizeagg-
tionswithwatersuppliedfromtheMixerStorage
ofsupply,with WtterPump,Strainer,Water
rsforcontroland supplyofwatertothePugmill.
altypeunitwitha pipelinewhichwill
storagetankthroughvalves"A"and "B",(Fig.35),
sourceofsupply at"D".
Supply-Besure thatVikingSupplyPumplines
eanedsothatasphalt willnotclogthewater
rydisassemblyandcleaningofthepump.Tofillthe
mpisused.To fillthetankclosevalve"Cn
"to positionsshownon(Fig.42).Openvalve
)and connecti;atersupplytoVikingLineat
isclosedandvalve "A"isinthepos-
o keepwateroutofthemeteringpump and
es enterthepumpandlines seediscussions
System"tosupplywaterfromtheMixerStorage
s"A"and"C"remainin thepositionsdes-
B"isopenedasshownon Fig.43above.Donot
thSprayBarvalvesclosedas thiswillcause
epump.Todrain waterfromthetankvalves,
positionsshownon (Fig.43)andplugat "D"
ed.
nnectsourcetowaterPumpline at"D"
sedasshown(Fig.42). BesureSprayBar
eratingpump.
ecordstheamountofwaterpumpedto
registeranddial.
thefigures ontheregister,includ-
therighthandside andaddtotheregister
smalldial.Todeterminethegallonspump-
readingmustbetakenat thestartofthe
mthereadingtakenat theendoftheperiod.
ntpumpedingallons.
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samountofwaterpumpedtothepugmill
prayBars aremountedoverthePugmill,
teroutletspray.The waterflowstothe
erWaterValve,(Fig.35).Each SprayBar
regulatingtheflowofwater.
edwitha packingglandtopreventleaking
leakdevelopstightenthisnut1/4turn ata
dripisnot objectionable.Donottighten
as thiswillcausetheshaft toheatandscore.
becleanedthoroughlyasoften as
heplugatthebottom,removingthescreenand
operatewatersystemwithscreenremoved.
doccasionalcleaning.SeeAccessorySection.
alttoget intothemeter.
ORAGETANKismountedonthesideofthe Mixer
waterorbitumen.Alargemanholeislocated
ndofthetankare usedfordrainingandclean-
e tanknearthebottomisprovidedfor heating
HeaterBurner.A thermometerishousedatone
etemperatureofthebitumen.(SeeFif.35).
kcanbe usedforbothasphaltandnater,
tankthoroughlyafteruseand drginwell.If
k,itwillcausethe asphalttofoamviolently
hetankshouldbedriedthoroughlybeforeusing
nused,the tankshouldbeflushedoutwith
used,flushwithcreosoteoil.Thisis
w jallonsinthetank,circulatingwiththe
ning.TheMixershouldneverbe trailedwith
the tank.
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NC.R-
andFuelTank
R(Fig.46)isanAeroiltorch-typedistillate
epumpedtogetherthroughheatedcoilswhich
heburnerplugemitsa spraywhichburnsin-
edon thebracketsothattheflameenters
theheatpassingthroughthetube andoutthe
rnerisused,theasphaltin thetankmustbe
pump.
uldbeusedONLYforkeepingasphaltat pumping
oingalltheheatingexceptafteremergencyshut
dwhenthelevelofthe asphaltinthetank
ube.Thenaphthaorkerosenefuraesfromcut-
erefore,caremustbeexercisedtokeepanyflame
velofasphaltisnot belowthelevelofthe
twillnotregistercorrectlyanditwill beim-
emperatureoftheasphalt.
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.46 andfill0gallontank towithin
p withfuel.
elinthis burner.Ifkeroseneisnot
eusedas asubstitute.Diesel
askeroseneasitwillcausethe
dedwithcarbonmakingnecessary
ntofcoils.
yhand) verytight,andseethatall hose
ngsholdairor fuelunderpressure.
thetankis closedandtheregulatingvalve
sclosed.Pumpair intothetankuntil
tes40poundsof pressure,thenopenthe
notallowthepressureto gobelow25
,opentheregulatingvalveontheburner or
eprimingpanonequarterfull offuel
eldown intothepanwitha pieceof
apieceofrag,burlap orwasteinthe
easawick.Closethevalveand lightthe
orchto pre-heatforaboutfiveminutes.
sedwhentheburner"blows"afteraminute
riod.Thisi scausedbytheheatedfuel
and doesnotmeanthattheburner has
odetermineiftheburneris sufficiently
alveslowly.Ifthe burnerplugreleasesa
a steadybluishflamewithnoindication
adyforoperation.Otherwise,continue
bestefficiency,alwaysusethecleaning
lugimmediatelyafterpre-heating,and
in operation.)
ueloilthe flamewillbeorange.
burnervalve(6)slowlyandoperatewith a
two,thenthevalvecanbeopenedto
rn,oralittle moreifnecessary.
goingout,sputteringorthrowingrawfuel,
heatedoroperatedwith the
essary.Thisallowstoomuchcold
olingthemoffandpreventing
latethelengthoftheflameby
ndnotsomuchby thevalveat
kpressureifthe flameistoo
bove5pounds.
ankfor refilling,orforanyotherreason,
wlyby turningthecombinationfiller
out one-halfturn,nomore.Neverun-
eador bodyoverthetopofthe tank.
uentlywithS.A.E.#10oil.If theleather
anddoesnotcatch,removetheplungerrod
he leatherwithoil,workingitin with
to staydownattheendof astroke,it
thepump.Thisis anindication
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leverhastwopositions:operatingand
hesinthe supportbracket.Theengineshould
rfull load.Afterwarminguptheengine,advance
sitionbeforeengagingthe masterclutch.The
periodicallyandcanbedoneeasilyby counting
haftswhichshouldbe 52aminute.
er
edbya leverwhichoperatesafrictionband
JackShaft.Thispumpcan beengagedatanytime
asterclutch.Engageslowlytopreventdamage
heshearbolt.
pLever
edbya leverwhichoperatesafrictionband
nJackShaftwhichcanbeengagedwithoutthrowing
ageslowlytopreventstrainingthe beltdrive.
ever
piscontrolledbya frictionbandclutchloc-
shaftwhichallowsittobe engagedatanytime
asterclutch.Alwaysengageslowlytoprevent
rbolt.
ya leverwhichoperatesajawclutchlocated
It isnecessarytodisengagetheclutchbefore
preventdamagingthedrive ortheclutchjaws.
byaleverwhichoperatesa jawclutchloc-
tershaft.Itis necessarytodisengagethemaster
sjawclutchtopreventdamagingthemachineryor
r
aybaris controlledbyaleverwhichoper-
isvalveshouldalwaysbeopeneither to'sendbit-
othetank;NEVERCLOSED.ItdoesNOTcontrolthe
pumpedsoit shouldalwaysbefullyopenedto
baris controlledbyahand-operatedwater
vescontrolthesmallerbarswhichconnectto
amountofwateraddedis controlledbyadjust-
alves.
mWheel
lisoperatedbya handwheelwhichraisesor
meansofcables.A ratchetwheelanddoglocks
sition.
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utoffGateLever
ffgateiscontrolledbya leverwhichslides
eningin thedischargedamcontrol.Theposition
edtosuittheconvenienceoftheoperator.
rank
we-redintoposition bymeansofahandop-
ypawlis providedtopreventtheconveyorfrom
rator.Severalmenarerequiredto assistthe
singand pushingtheconveyorbackonthesup-
er
gthe Mixerinplaceareoperatedbya
atedattherear ofthemachineontheoperator's
xer onbituminousmixingwiththe831
tionwiththe 821SoilPreparationUnitwillre-
easerandHelper.This crewofthreewillbe
perintendantfortheefficientfunctioning
sanddutiesarebrieflysummarizedas
encedinthe mechanicaloperationofheavy
yfamiliarwiththefunction,operationandadjust-
theMixerandthecoordinationoftheir funct-
erienceinbituminousandstabilizationworkis
ouldbecapableofdirectingtheGreaser and
heir duties.Hisprincipledutieswillbe con-
ntrolofthemachine.
emechanicalexperienceandaknowledgeofthe
hine,theirlubrication,andbecapableofmaking
tothemachineasdirectedbytheMixerOperator.
scellaneousdutiessuchashandlingoperating
leanupwork.Hemay alsobeusedtoguide trucks
gateanddistributedischargematerialwithin
swillbe inaccordancewiththedirectionsof
s beensetupreadyfor operationasdes-
".Itisnow desiredtooperatetheplant.The
pertainsonlytotheactualoperationofthe
or,withassistancefromGreaserandHelperas
,themachineshouldbethoroughlylub-
vicedaccordingtotheinstructionsprovided.
l checkupismadei'orpossiblerepairsor dam-
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esizeof theKinneypumpsprocketsshould
of bitumenavailablebyreferringtothein-
dedinthe"ConstructionInformation"section.
nstalledin thepropermanner.
theoperationofthemachine.Startthe
up beforerunningathighspeed.Advancethe
asterclutch,tryingouteachpieceof machinery
hitemsasclutches,chainadjustments,andbelt
oragetank,turnthevalvesasdes-
withtheVikingpumpandengagethepump.If
essary,operatetheburner,rememberingtokeep
atchthethermometer,beingcarefulnotto
egin,start thepugmillandconveyorop-
cessarytousethe masterclutchtodoso,since
ntroltheseunitsmightcausejerkingand damage.
pwithspraybarvalveset nottospray.When
winto thepugmillthevalveis quicklyopen-
atingthetime lagwhichwouldresultifthe
nstarted.Holdthe materialinthepugmilluntil
henopen thecutoffgateandallowit todis-
finishedmixto seethatthepaddleset-
oducingsatisfactorymixing,andthatthe
fare correct.Ifnot,shutdowntheplant
djustments..
ocutofftheflowof materialcomplet-
ntenorfifteenseconds,it willbenecessary
e thestoragecapacityofthedischargegate
owntheMixerwhenit isoperatingin
r,theDryershouldbe stoppedlettingthecon-
mptythe hotaggregateoffthebelt.As soon
creases,turnthe sprayvalvetocirculating
omuchbitumenthroughthe spraybar.
plyrepeatprocedureofstarting,waiting
pugmillbeforeoperatingspraybar.
mpleted,itiinecessarytocleanoutthe
pthemixfromhardeningto suchanextentthat
dthenexttimeitis started.Thestoragetank,
flushed anddrained.
Mixer,disconnectthepipingand raise
under"PlantSet-up".
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R(Fig.51)isadividedsteelbin withacapacity
of materialineachhalf.
s toprovidesufficientstoragecapacity
onswhichwill normallytakeplaceinthefeed-
r,sothat thelevelofthe aggregatecanbe
tip ofthemeasuringgates.Thehopperis div-
ggregatecanbehandledseparatelytoallowmore
onthesideofthehopperto indicatewhenthe
ortheconvenienceoftheoperatormho is
dGRIZZLYBARSCKiiEMSwhichservetokeepout
otsandotherundesirablematerial.Thescreens
etswhichcanberemovedifnecessarytogain
hopper.
hargeChutesarefastenedtodirecttheflow
sintothe bin.Thesechutesaresupportedby
rm andthechutesbothswingdowninto thehop-
el.
hehopperis fastenedanANCHORBRACKET
orinto position.Thehookonthehoist cable
~'henraising theelevator.AGUIDEROLLERis
e hoppersothattheelevatorwill slideeasily
r,nearthetopand.bottomrespectively,are
erPUSHARMSorangle bracesusedtoholdthe
on.Whennot/inuse, thesearmsswingback
held inplacebybolts.
ne,itisnecessarytowatchthe levelofthe
watchingthetelltales(Fig.50)whichswingdown
.Theaggregatelevelmustbemaintainedabove
oportionsofthemixwillnot bealtered.For
shouldbekept about3/4full.Afteroper-
ppershouldbe emptiedandcleaned.Material
auseunnecessarytravelingweightandmightbe
rainedonor settled.
ttentionin thematterofupkeeporad-
ingnecessaryisto besurethepush armsand
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gregateDryerin operatingpositionbefore
Dryer.
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er
nchstrokeistheusualconnection;thefour-
en oneofthegateopeningsis reducedsothat
msizeofaggregate,usuallybelowoneinch.Then
the openingmaybeincreasedtoassureun-
,rememberingtoincreasetheothergateopening
onoftheplate feeder,rememberthatthis
thehopper.Consequently,theweightofthe
sothatasthe platemovesforward,material
hegate.Asitdoes so,theremainingmat-
owntotaketheplaceof theaggregatewhich
Whentheplatemovesback,thematerielwhich
meback;instead,itdropsoffinto thedrum.
as longassufficientmaterialismaintained
tesupplyis mechanicallycontrolled.
G
uringgates,turntheadjustingnutsto raise
arindicatoronthescrewgivesareadingon the
otheopeningbetweenthebottomofthe gateand
2A).
Fig.52)willneedperiodicadjustmentto
tingfrom thecontinualslidingbackandforth.
beplacedto takecareofthiswear;whileat
gplateis providedforthesamepurpose.
e feeder,removethepinv)hichconnectsthe
kandreinsertin thedesiredhole.Thehole
estheIon-erorsix inchstroke.
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st-oodpracticeto checkthespeedofthe
ethiswillaffectthefeeding.Thisiseasily
esofthe feeder-uhichshouldbeabout49a min-
onthe enginetoobtainthecorrectspeed.
Rollers
urved
wing
and
ng
easit
meter
, rotatingcylindricalshellofspecialheat-
gand threefeetindiameter,inwhichthe
iedas itpassesthrough.
urvedplates andangles,knownasLIFTING
udinally.Theflightspickuptheaggregatefrom
dropitthroughthe hotgasesasthedrum re-
throughthe drumintheoppositedirectionto
driedaggregateis dischargedfromthedrum
.Thischutehasan extensionwhichdirectsthe
xerconveyor.Theextensioncanbereversedto
anglestothedrumfor dischargeoneither
oldstherecordingbulb fromthedialtype
Thisthermometer(Fig.55)must becheckedfor
n.
enbyaheavychainwhichdrivesa large
eoutsideofthedrum.This chainiskepttaut
rwhichmaybe adjustedtokeepproperten-
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wo circularsteeltireskno'.;nasTRUNNION
undtheoutsideof thedrum,oneneareachendof
n smallrollers,knowne.strunnionROLLERS.
mber,oneundereachsideofthe drumforboth
he rollersatanangleof sixdegreesdown-
gingendwhenthemainframeis level.This
s thedrumrevolvesthematerialmillgrad-
elowerordischargeend.The6 slopehasbeen
factory;therefore,thedrumismountedatthat
thatalltheoperatorhas todoisto levelthe
on aslightslope,it willhaveanatural
llortowardthedischargeendas itrevolves.To
tionaryposition,thetrunnionrollersareset at
ontirestoneutralizethis tendency.The
nedbytwosmallTHRUSTROLLERSmountedoneither
unniontire. Ifthedrumshouldstart toshift
emergencysupportsuntilthe trunnionrollers
eckthethrustrollersfromtime totime
eratingproperly.Ifthe tireisridingonly
erthrustrollerthedrum positioniscorrect
uldstarttoride hardagainstonethrust
ebearingtooverheat,it isanindicationof
eTRUNNIONrollersandthedrumshould beshut
.
OLLERS
rs,it isusuallynecessarytoskevjonly
endofthedrum.Theserear trunnionassemblies
y3/lb"atthefactory.WhentheDryerhasbeen
ingthrough,observethethrust rollers.If
inghardagainstthelowerthrust roller,both
kewedmorebyinserting shimsbetweenangleclip
sameamountonboth sidestokeeptheshafts
with(Figs.56and57).
aupper thrustroller,thetrunnions
ewremovedbytakingout shims.
mblyisskewed,thebearingsurfaceatthe
mtire andtrunnionrolleris altered.This
e tiretobein contactwiththerollers.Tore-
cessaryto shimupthebearingswhichhavenot
inobtainfull bearingsurfacebetv;eenthedrumtire
ARINGS
earingsbecarefulnotto allowanygreaseor
ollersortires; otherwise,theywillslipin-
at inspots.Ifgreaseshould getontheroller
hrowalittle sandonthesurfacetostart it
sbeenused foratime,it isgoodpracticeto
he nuts,sincetheheatcausesthedrumto ex-
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d
ew
yin-
angle
fter
d,in-
g
des
If
ainst
e
per
nless
ns(C
ew
to
ers
ouldbe15revolutionsperminute.Sincethe
chineisconstant,thisis agoodwayofchecking
atingat correctspeedof1400RPM.Tocorrect,
ER
gand hotmaterialispassingthrough,it
dialtypeaggregatethermometer.Removeoneof
marked"RemovetoAdjust".Rotatetheplate
djustingscrew.
aggregatefromthedischargechuteandre-
naccuratepocketthermometer.Checkthis
althermometerandifthedial thermometerneeds
gscrewwhichwillturn thepointertothe
ainandifcorrect,replaceplateandscrew.
ometer
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dCone
s
ER(1)(Fig.59)consistsofa refractory-lined
hedischargeendof thedrum.TheCOMBUSTION
lcylinder,likewiselinedwithrefractory,which
e shapeoftheflame.Thefunctionofthe cone
istoobtainproperburningof thefuel.Aftera
therefractorylininginthe chamberbecomesvery
mtheburner (3)tobeconvertedintoa gaswhich
rt holes(4)spacedaroundthelargeopen-
orts admitsecondaryairasrequiredforcom-
moreair isrequired.Steelflapsonthese
tingoffthis airifdesired.
srequiredfortheconeand combustion
enancewouldoccuriftherefractoryshouldbe
blowofsomesort.Ifthis occurs,thecone
takenoffandrellnedwithcastablerefractory
nedinthe MaintenanceSection.
peBURNER(3),(Fig.59)atomizestheoil and
mstheflamefordryingthe aggregate.
thecombustioncone,withthedistancebe-
dge oftheconebeingaboutoneinch.
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burnerunderaboutthirty-fivepoundspress-
tube,and outfoursmallholesonthe end.The
neratonlytwopoundspressurebut aboutfour
ute.Itsurroundsthe holesfromwhichtheoil
ratomizedsprayleavesthe nozzle.
controlledbyaMICRO-REGULATINGVALVEwhich
asycontrolofthe flame.ASTRAINERNEEDLEVALVE
goutimpuritieswhichmightclogthe nozzle
ingofftheflowto relievepressureonthemicro-
estrainervalveisalwayswideopen,adjustments
edmicro-valve.
controlledbyaBUTTERFLYAIRVALVEwhichis
withthemicro-valvetoobtainpropercombustion.
eopenwhenevertheoil valveisopen.Theamount
edbythe secondaryairnozzleontheburner
ne.Asthesize oftheflameincreases,more
othe nozzleisturnedandthe portsareopened
ecientlywithseveralgradesoffuel oils.
willvary from1-1/2to3-1/2gallonsperton
dingprimarilyontheamountofmoistureto be
ate,theamountofaggregatetemperatureraiseand
oil used.
ommendtheuseofa No.4fueloilhaving
ns:
2to20
0to250F.
ver-.1o/o
45,000
ynotover-90to 125
abovemaybe usedifpre-heated.When
oilcaremustbe exercisedtoavoidvaporization
sationswithresultantvaryingflameintensity.
re availabletheymaybeusedinplaceof
oilsofhigherBTUcontent.ThelowerBTUcontent
gherg