tmh 6 introduction
TRANSCRIPT
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Komitee van . Staatspadowerhede
Committee of State Road Authorities
.. DRAFT TMH 6 : 1984
SPECIAL METHODS FOR TESTING ROADS
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TECHNICAL METHODS FOR HIGHWAYS
~ Draft TMH6 special methods
for o testing roads
1984
ISBN 0 7988 2289 9
Draft THM6. pp 1-60. Pretoria, South Africa, 1984
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Published by
The Department of Transport PO Box 415 PRETORiA 0001 Republic of South Africa
for the
Committee of Slate Road Authorities
PRiNTED 1984
REPRINTED 1992
REPRINTED 1993
ii Special methOds
Draft TMH6. Pretona. South Afrtea. 1964
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PREfACE
TECHNICAL METHODS FOR HIGHWAYS (TMH) is a series complementing the TECH· NICAl RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGHWAYS (TRH) series. The TRHs are intended as guides for the practising engineer and leave room for engineering judgement to be used. The TMHs are more in the nature of manuals for engineers, prescribing methods to be used in various road design and construction procedures. It is hoped that these manuals will produce uniform results throughout the country.
This TMH was prepared by the Materials Testing Subcommittee of the Highway Malerials Committee, which is in tum a subcommittee of the Committee of State Road Auth~ orities (CSRA).
To confirm the validity of these methods in practice • .this TMH will be circulated in draft form for a period of trial before being submitted to the CSRA for final approval. During this period users are welcome to send suggestions for improvement to: The Chief Director, National Institute for Transport and Road Research, POBox 395, Pretoria. 0001 . Eventually a revised manual, approved by the CSRA, will be issued as a full TMH in both official languages.
Special methods
Draft TMH6, Pretoria. South Africa. 1984 iii
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SYNOPSIS
Draft TMH6 contains a selection of the non-standard test methods most often used by road authorities and private consulting engineering or contracting firms for doing special tests on roads. It was felt that there was a need in the road industry for standardized procedures even for these special tests. Road surface tests include those on the texture depth, skid resistance and longitudinal regularity, and road materials tests cover, for e)(~ ample, measurement of the in situ strength of soils by means Of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) . and use of the vane shear apparatus for the deSign of a sand asphalt mix.
SINOPSIS
Konsep-TMH6 bevat 'n versameling van die nie-standaard toetsmetodes wat mees dikwels deuf padowerhede en privaat kontrakterende of raadgewende ingenieursfirmas gebruik word am spesiale toetse op paaie uil te voer. Daar is gevoel dat daar 'n behoefte in die padbedryf bestaan vir gestandaardiseerde metodes, selfs vir hierdie spestale toetse. Padopperv!aktoetse sluit die in oar die tekstuurdiepte, glyweerstand en oorlangse reelmaligheid, en padmateriaaltoetse dek byvoorbeeld die meting van die in situsterkte van grondsoorte met die Dinamiese Keelpenetrometer (DKP), en die gebruik van die wiekskuifapparaat vir die ontwerp van 'n sandasfaltmengsel.
KEYWORDS
air permeability. consolidation, deflection, methods, road construction, road materials. road surface, skid resistance, soil strength, surface treatment, texture depth
iv Special methods
Draft TMH6. Pretoria. South Africa. 1984
Preface
Synopsis
METHOD
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SpecIal methods
CONTENTS
Measurement of the texture depth of a road surface ...... ......... ....... . .
Measurement of the skid resistance of a road surface by means of a portable pendulum skid resistance tester ........................... ......... ..
Determination of the longitudinal regularity of a road surface by means of a rolling straight~edge ........... ........................................... .
The ball penetration test for surface treatment design ......... ........... .
Measurement of the in situ strength of soils by the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) ....... ............ .......................................... ... ..... .
Use of the vane shear apparatus to design a sand asphalt mix
Determination of the nomina! depth of layers. by means of short-range seismic I/olaves, for subsurface investigations ...................... .. .
Measurement of the deflectIon and radius of curvature of a road pavement ................................. .. ..................................................... .
Determination of the one-dimensional consolidation properties of soils .. .... ...... .. .................................................................................. ..
Draft TMH6. Pretoria. South Africa, 1984
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figure No.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Sand spreading box .................. .......... ........ .... , .. .. ..... .. ................... ..
British Portable Tester ....................................................... ,. ............ .
Schematic drawing of pendulum showing spring and lever arrange· ment ......... ... ........................... ..... .......... ........... ... .. ....... .. ... .. .. .......... .
Slider assembly illustrating maximum wear on the striking edge .... ..
Arrangement of the British Portable Tester showing pendulum as-sembly and pan balance used to measure slider load ................. .... .
Pendulum assembly showing location on the point 9f balance ...... ..
Calibration of rolling straight -edge ..................... .... .... ... ................. ..
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Two views of the apparatus for the ball penetration test ............. ...... 17
The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ............... .. .... ......... ................. ..... 22
Vane shear apparatus .... ........... ...... .... .... .... .... ............ .. ... ........ . ....... 30
Torque versus vane shear strength for standard vane size . ...... ........ 31
Typical chart to convert shear strength at test temperature (T 0c) to equivalent shear strength at 40°C ........... ........................ .... ........ ..... 32
Plot of seismiC data .. .... .......... ..................... ....... .. ......... .......... .... ..... 36
A deflection beam .... .............. .............. ..... ............... ... ............ ......... 44
Device for calibrating a deflection beam ..... ...... ............... ... .... ......... 44
A curvature meter .. .......... ................. .... ......... ..... ...... ...... .............. .... 45
Marking of testing layout .......... .............. ....... ..... ................. .... ......... 46
DiagrammatiC illustration of a typical consolidation cell ........ ... ........ 58
Square-root-of-time fitting method .......... .................. ...................... 59
Log~of-time fitting method ....... ........................ ................. ............... 60
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Special mtlthods
LIST OF FORMS
DCP penetration depths versus number of blows ........................... .
DCP layer-strength diagram ............ ...................... .......................... .
Deflection measurements ................ .. ...... " ..................................... .
Curvature meter measurements ........................ " ............ ................ .
Benkelmann Beam measurements ............ ...... .. ............................. .
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viii Special methods
Craft TMH6. Pretoria. South Africa. 1984