TNE Malaysia 2019

Dr. Fabrizio Trifiro’

Quality Beyond Borders Group

25 October 2019, Kuala Lumpur

Over 80% of UK universities are involved in

some form of TNE, delivered all over the world

TNE has been the main area of growth

(but…)

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18

Total students in the UK International students in the UK Off-shore students

Top 10 countries for UK TNE

i) China (75,995)

ii) Malaysia (72,485)

iii) Singapore (44,805)

iv) Pakistan (40,210)

v) Nigeria (29,865)

vi) Sri Lanka (27,450)

vii) Hong Kong (25,675)

viii) Oman (20,645)

ix) Egypt (20,480)

x) United Arab Emirates (18,120)Source of data: HESA (2017-18)

693,695 TNE students:

80,980 studying within

the European Union (EU)

612,715 outside the EU

Snapshot of UK transnational education

(HESA 2019 - 2017-18)

The quality assurance of UK TNE

Institutional reviews: comprehensive in scope

TNE Review: complementary in-country review process

focused on

• how institutional policies and processes are implemented in practice

• better understanding the TNE student experience

• disseminating good practice across the sector / enhancing UK TNE

• re-assuring international stakeholders / safeguard UK HE reputation

TNE Review is carried out on a country-by-country basis• Malaysia (2010), Singapore (‘11), China (‘12), UAE (‘13), Caribbean (‘14), Greece/Cyprus (‘15),

Ireland (‘17), Hong Kong SAR (‘18), Malaysia (‘19)

It is more cost-efficient than an institution-based approach, given the scale and spread of UK TNE

It allows to get an in-depth understanding of the features / challenges involved in operating in particular locations

It allows to establish stronger links with host QA bodies to lessen burden on providers and agencies too

A country based approach

We regularly seek to cooperate with host location agencies to avoid regulatory gaps and overlaps:

• striving to lessen the burden on providers and ourselves, and implement a risk based approach

• given the scale and spread of UK TNE, it’s imperative for QAA to rely on host agencies’ intelligence and cooperation

• bilateral strategic partnerships (MoUs)

• multilateral initiatives (QACHE Toolkit, Quality Beyond Border Group, Cross Border Quality Assurance Network)

A partnership approach

Developed as part of 2016-18 contract with the 4 funding

bodies.

Contract has to come to an end in September 2018, and

QAA covering TNE Malaysia, the last in-country review

(under the known method)

Worked with UUK/Guild HE to develop sustainable

proposals going forward. Consultation on new approach

opened 16 October 2019.

Current TNE Review method

Selection of target location

Survey of UK TNE activity in selected location

Selection of TNE provision to be looked at

Information request to selected provision

Desk-based analysis of submitted information

Review visits

Review reports, case studies and overview report

The TNE Review process

• 2nd largest host country of UK TNE (traditionally the largest host country only this year topped by China) last reviewed in 2011

• Progressing cooperation with MQA (as part of bilateral MoU and QBBG):

• Specific focus on branch campuses + dual awards

• In-country review visits 14 to 23 October 2019

TNE Malaysia 2019

Survey sent to all degree-awarding bodies• 51 providers with on the ground provision, 9 with FDL only

• 60,361 TNE students – 40,032 excluding distance learning (20,136 are Oxford Brookes / ACCA)

• About 100 partnerships (17 in teach out) and 5 branch campuses

• About 780 programmes, 675 without FDL (155 in teach out)

• FHEQ levels: 68% level 6, 25% level 7, 4% level 8

• 44% Business and Administration, 13% Engineering and Computer Science; then 5 % Biological Sciences, and 4% Subjects Allied to Medicine, Social Studies, and Mass Communication

TNE Malaysia QAA survey

Top 20 TNE providers (no DL) (QAA Survey)

HEI name Students Partners Progs

1. Staffordshire University 5649 3 542. University of Nottingham

4440 1 110

3. Lancaster University 4350 1 27

4. University of Hertfordshire 3227 3 31

5. The University of West of England 2674 1 17

6. University of Greenwich2044 2 31

7. University of Sunderland 1956 3 33

8. Anglia Ruskin University 1938 4 27

9. Heriot-Watt University 1879 1 38

10. Coventry University 1720 5 36

HEI name

Student

s PartnersProgs

11. Newcastle University 767 2 6

12. University of Reading 594 2 2513. Liverpool John Moores

564 4 22

14. University of Lincoln 522 1 9

15. University of Wales TSD498 3 7

16. Sheffield Hallam University465 3 17

17. Abertay University376 1 4

18. University of East London 354 2 6

19. UCLAN 284 1 18

20. University of Southampton 231 1 5

Top 20 UK TNE arrangements (no-FDL)

HEI name Malaysia partner Students Programmes

Staffordshire University Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation 4631 38University of Nottingham University of Nottingham Malaysia 4440 110

Lancaster University Sunway University 4350 27

University of Hertfordshire INTI Universal Holdings Sdn Bhd College 3012 26

The University of the West of England Taylors University 2674 17

University of Greenwich SEGi College 1882 29

Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University, Malaysia 1879 38

University of Sunderland SEGI College, Kota Damansara 1622 27

Staffordshire University Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology* 804 11

Anglia Ruskin University MAHSA University 775 6

Newcastle University Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia 766 6

Anglia Ruskin University FTMS College 725 6

Coventry University Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TAR UC) 646 11

Coventry University INTI International College Kuala Lumpur 597 11

University of Reading University of Reading Malaysia 594 24Liverpool John Moores University YPC International College 564 7

University of Lincoln KDU Penang University College 522 9

University of Wales Trinity St David London School of Commerce 498 3

Coventry University INTI International University Nilai 419 4

Selected TNE Arrangements

HEI name ML partner Students Programmes

Aberystwyth University Brickfields Asia College 123 6

Anglia Ruskin University MAHSA University 775 6

Coventry University Tunku Abdul Rahman University College 646 11

Lancaster University Sunway University 4350 27Liverpool John Moores University YPC International College

564 7

Newcastle University Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia 766 5

University of Greenwich SEGi College, Kuala Lumpur 1882 29

University of Lincoln KDU Penang University College 522 9University of Nottingham University of Nottingham Malaysia

4440 110

University of Reading University of Reading Malaysia 594 24

University of Southampton University of Southampton Malaysia 231 10

University of Wales Trinity St Davids Malvern International Academy 136 2

Case studies – providers led

HEI name ML partner Topic

Cardiff Metropolitan University

The London School of Commerce,

Westminster International College, Teach-out

Staffordshire UniversityAsia Pacific Institute of Information

Technology (APIIT) and Asia Pacific

University of Technology and

Innovation (APU) Teach-out

University of SunderlandInternational Advertising

Communication and Technology

College

Risk-based approach to

collaborative partnership

development

University of the West of England Taylor’s UniversityDual awards

Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University Malaysia Operating a branch campus

JISC (possibly) Supporting UK TNE IT

connectivity in Malaysia

Reciprocal briefings: facilitated understanding each other processes,

perspectives, expectations and …terminology, e.g. dual awards

Information sharing about UK providers in Malaysia

MQA input into QAA’s country report

MQA joining review panels as observers: conducive to developing trust

Have considered ways to lessen burden on branch campuses based on

mutual recognition, but regulatory changes in the UK and regulatory

framework in Malaysia pose important challenges

QAA – MQA cooperation:

UK TNE provision offered in Malaysia is generally both relevant to the local market and employment needs, and meet UK expectations:

- TNE has developed to address unmet demands for HE, primarily in partnership with vocationally oriented colleges, but also through branch campuses

- UK TNE has played a key role in developing local HE capacity, with many partners with time gaining their own degree-awarding power

- The development of Malaysian HE poses new challenges and opportunities for TNE: - franchises with partners who gained own DAB is not compliant with local requirements,

must therefore either close down (teach-out) or develop into different types of partnerships (e.g. joint / double degrees)… or dual awards (with its own problems)

- there is increasing local competition for students, but also scope for different types of cooperation with a focus on excellence and innovation

TNE Malaysia 2019: General findings