144

John Peabody Harrington's KIallam and Chemakum Place Names Pamela M. Brooks

University of North Texas

General Introduction John P. Harrington's KIallam place names represent the largest source of KIallam place names

known to exist. The microfihn edition of The Papers of John Peabody Harrington in the Smithsonian Institution 1907-1957 contains Harrington's collection of lexical information for Native American cultures in Alaska, Western Canada, Washington, and Oregon (Mills 1981). In addition to place names, Harrington collected lexical information for KIallam and Chemakum in areas such as astronomy, geography, plants, animals, natural phenomena, cardinal directions, anatomy, and relationship terms. 11Iis information appears on frames 2-104 of Reel 16 of the microfihn edition of Harrington's papers. The KIallam and Chemakum place names can be found on Reel 16 from frame 105 to frame 696. Harrington also collected information on the Quileute, Makah, Quinalt, and Snohomish languages, and that information appears on frames 697-754 of Reel 16 as well as sporadically throughout !he other frames of Reel 16. The condition of the notes themselves aids the researcher because they are fairly legible. Harrington took notes quickly, yet precisely, and he would verify his transcriptions by asking his informants several times throughout a two- or three-day period about certain forms of which he was not absolutely sure. There are two pages of notes on each frame of microfilm; a page may contain only one word with or without a gloss, or it may contain text that fills the page from top to bottom and then continues around the edge of the page in the margin. When these pages that are filled with information occur, normally they appear as one of the two pages in a frame, and then in the next frame they appear alone, turned on one side so that the right or left margin can be read easily. Harrington also includes stories and cultural facts that are mentioned by the native language consultants during his interviews.

According to Mills, the editor of the guide to The Papers of John Peabody Harrington in the Smithsonian Institution 1907-1957, the consultants for KIallam are Louise Buttner, Joe Sly, George Sparks, Louisa Sparks, Cy Webster, and Emily Webster; his consultants for Chemakum includes those for KIallam in addition to Johnny Qaplanahoo and his wife, Louis James, Henry Johnson, and Lizzie Johnson. Although each consultant gave information about place names, his main sources of KIallam and Chemakum place names were Louise Buttner, Emily Webster, and Cy Webster. Louise Adams Butler Webster Buttner was a long-time resident of the Little Boston Reservation near Port Gamble and she spoke Chemakum, KIallam, some Makah, and Chinook jargon. She and George Adams, he; brother, were probably the same consultants Boas used for his Chemakum data in 1890. Emily Webster was married to James Webster, Jr., Louise's son. Her native language is KIallam, but she did speak some Chemakum and Makah. Cy was the son of James Webster, Jr., but it is not clear if he was Emily's son. Louise raised him and is probably the main source of his knowledge of Chemakum. He also spoke KIallam and had some knowledge of Makah and Quileute.

Harrington's field notes for KIallam and Chemakum are dated from April 20, 1942, to April 30, 1942. Although this amount of time is so short, one finds more than 1,000 KIallam, Chemakum, Makah, and Quileute words, an abundant amount of information to be collected. Among those, 250

145 are KIallam place names. That significant number shows his interest in and preoccupation with place names in general. Harrington's KIallam place names range from locations west to east, from the Makah area on the west coast of Washington to Mount Baker which is northeast of Seattle, Washington, and north to south, from Vancouver Island to Tacoma, Washington. This area is rather large, so as the place names range farther from the speakers' location; the distinction between them being KIallam or some other neighboring language is more difficult to identify.

This project began with recording every KIallam and Chemakum word that appeared on Reel 16 of the Smithsonian Institute's microfilm of Harrington's field notes. Because the number of place names was so great, the place names were sorted from the general list of KIallam and Chemakum transcriptions and glosses. Then the narrow transcription was double-checked to ensure the accuracy of the data itself. The next necessary step was to put the narrow transcription into modern phonemic form. Many lexical forms have been attested by the field work of Timothy Montler. These forms are labeled "attested" in the word list. Modern interpretations of other Harrington transcriptions were produced based on the phonological and morphological data that Montler has collected in the field. Once an attested transcription or modem interpretation was done on the place names, they were organized and located on a map. The process of organizing Harrington's work on KIallam and Chemakum is only beginning. This paper contains a comprehensive list of KIallam place names and English glosses, a map and key, commentary on each word, and information about Harrington's unique transcription and how it differs slightly from modem phonemic transcription.

Harrington's Transcription Transcribing Harrington's KIallam into phonemic form presents a few problems. His

transcription is very detailed, and he asks for the place names several times to make sure his transcription is correct. The major problem Harrington's transcription poses concerns the use of alpha lal. According Pullum and Ladusaw's Phonetic Symbol Guide (1986), Boas, whose work Harrington followed closely, recommended the use of alpha to represent the sound of the "u" in but, which would make it an upper-mid back unrounded vowel. When comparing Harrington's generous use of alpha to modem phonemic transcriptions of the language, the alpha could represent Igl or la/. So knowing exactly what sound Harrington intended for the alpha is difficult to surmise. It is best to have a modem attested transcription to know exactly which sound alpha should be.

Harrington's field notes seem frantic and confused; he often asks for data three or four times from several different speakers. Because his transcription is so narrow, he offers variations on the pronunciations of these place names. Also, he offers contradicting linguistic information about the language itself, so anyone who studies Harrington's work should examine his work completely several times before coming to a conclusion about Harrington's assertions.

Introduction to Word List The place name word list is divided into two sections: Chemakum and KIallam. The first

section of Chemakum place names are those place names that did not have a KIallam word to accompany it. In the KIallam section, Chemakum place names are grouped with KIallam place names when Chemakum data were given. Each entry in the Chemakum section contains Harrington's narrow

2

1 ... 6

transcription of Chemakum, the English gloss, a brief geographic description, reference to the enclosed map, and commentary about the word when necessary or appropriate. Many of the glosses are vague descriptions based on reference points that existed in 1942. This situation makes it sometimes impossible to locate the specific spit or creek the speakers are discussing. Also, when a place name was given without a geographic location, it was necessary to depend on the context of the notes before and after the entry. This contextual way of narrowing down the specific place caused discrepancies because the organization of the field notes on the microfilm is not perfect or in the exact order in which Harrington recorded them. A modem phonemic form is not given for the Chemakum because modem linguistic study of Chemakum is virtually nonexistent. There were only a few native Chemakum speakers 1942, so the accuracy of Harrington's work must be compared to Boas' work on Chemakum. That study requires more than looking at place names; it requires examining the lexicon of the language that exists in the works of Harrington and Boas.

Each entry in the Klallam section contains Harrington's narrow transcription of Klallam, the English gloss, an attested transcription or modem interpretation when possible, a brief geographic description, reference to the appropriate map, and commentary on the place name when needed. There is sufficient modem linguistic data on this language to produce an attested transcription or a modem interpretation of most of Harrington's words. The field notes of Timothy Montier serves as the source for this modem data. So a linguist who is studying Klallam or other Salish languages may use this paper as a reference tool without having to become completely familiar with the nuances of Harrington's transcription.

3

Chemakum Place Names

Cl. ?all'lpt8-lq'o

C2. tsalal.?"

C3. ts'Its'am'o's

C3.1 ts'etS'umo'sq'o

C3.2 ts'I?ts'am'o·s

C4. ts'Its' asso?

CS. Isq'way?q'o

C/. Ila'q'u?q'u 'fo

CS. hats'a?k'o'h.?an

C9. hAq'wasno?

CI0. k'waf aqs

1 ... 7

Cl. Where paper plant is Geographic Location: Milt'by Port Townsend Map: F2 Frame: 16.417, 16.755

C2. Peninsula in front of Holmes Harbor on Whidby Island Geographic Location: Camano Island Map: G2 Frame: 16.485

C3. Hadlock Geographic Location: East coast of Quimper Peninsula Map: F2 Frame: 16.414

C3.1 Hadlock Geographic Location: East coast of Quimper Peninsula Map: F2 Frame: 16.414

C3.2 Hadlock Geographic Location: East coast of Quimper Peninsula Map: F2 Frame: 16.454

C4. Termination Point Geographic Location: Across Hood Canal from Port Gamble Map: Kl Frame: 16.315, 16.569 Commentary: The gloss is the name of the general area where the ferry landing was in 1942.

CS. Creek by H'q'6s Geographic Location: South of spit which is west of Port Townsend Map: F2 Frame: 16.430 Commentary: Harrington's consultants are vague about the location of t+'q'6s; this place name's location is a bit vague, too.

C6. Small spit of Kilisut Harbor GeographiC Location: Where little creek comes in on the west side of Kilisut Harbor going south Map: F2 Frame: 16.756

C/. Chemakum Valley; Chemakum prairie Geographic Location: On Quimper Peninsula Map: F2 Frame: 16.398

CS. Spit in Kilisut Harbor; small neck clams Geographic Location: Second spit from entrance on west shore Map: F2, Kl Frame: 16.443

C9. Holmes Harbor; mussel Geographic Location: Southeast on Whidby Island Map: F2 Frame: 16.485

CI0. Double Bluff Geographic Location: Point west of Useless Bay Map: Kl Frame: 16.477

Cll. kwi1ts'uma'7c.

CI2. Waq'6·tsq'o

CI2.1 H'aq'6'sq'o

C13. tt'q'6s

C14. nl14'fqeylt Attested Transcription: naxWqe7yai

CI4.1n~eyll Attested Transcription: naxWqe7ya+

CIS. q'a7tHq'o

C15.1 q'a7tll'luq'o

ClS.2 q'a·?ta·luq'o

C16. q'wCty7arq'wa'lu-q'o

C16.1 q'wOtyafqwa'loq'o

148 Cll. Eglon; red berry region Geographic Location: Southwest of Whidby Island and East of Port Gamble Map: Kl Frame: 16.337

C12. Coon Spit Geographic Location: Located off Coon Bay north of Port Gamble Map: Kl Frame: 16.755

C12.l Coon Spit Geographic Location: Located off Coon Bay north of Port Gamble Map: Kl Frame: 16.410

C13. Spit south of Station Geographic Location: Army station at Port Townsend Map: F2 Frame: 16.431 Commentary: Harrington's consultants are referring to a spit south of the army station that is located at Port Townsend. A specific location was not given. So th. exact location of C5 is not known.

·CI4. Sawmill site at Port Gamble; daylight; noon Geographic Location: East of Lofall Map: Kl Frame: 16.345 Commentary: This modern transcription is an attested K1allam word, but the consultants claim it is a Chemakum word.

C14.1 Little Boston; Port Gamble Geographic Location: East of Lofall Map: Kl Frame: 16.350 Commentary: This modern transcription is an attested K1allam word, but the consultants claim it is a Chemakum word

CIS. Cannery Site Geographic Location: Near Port Townsend Map: F2 Frame: 16.418 Commentary: Speakers do not specify where in Port Townsend this is.

CIS. 1 Nordland Geographic Location: On east coast of Marrowstone Island Map: F2 Frame: 16.437

C15.2 Nordland Geographic Location: On east coast of Marrowstone Island Map: F2 Frame: 16.757 Commentary: Harrington identifies this with the name for Port Townsend, and it il similar to the K1a1lam word for Port Townsend Iqatay/.

C16. Fort Townsend Geographic Location: South of Glen Cove on east coast of Quimper Peninsula Map: F2 Frame: 16.417 Commentary: Where the papermill is by Port Townsend

C16.1 Old Fort Townsend site Geographic Location: South of Glen Cove on east coast of Quimper Peninsula Map: F2 Frame: 16.755

C17. stsi6qll

C18. takku+ q'uma?a

C19. t'q'atts'c.?

CZO. ~?ayq'o

CZO.1. Ja1ayq'o

K1allam Place Names

Kl. 1atsala ·dl1 Modern Interpretation: 13caladi?

K2. ?al'aska

K3. ?ana(+annutcw Attested Transcription: ?anal

K6.1e1hwa1 Attested Transcription: 161+Jwg(1)

K7.11?1·nlS Attested Transcription: 1i1in"s

K7.1 ?l?i 'nlS Attested Transcription: 1i1ings

K7.211?1·nlS Attested Transcription: 1i1in:>s Chemakum: halS'lpt4 'luq'o

K7.3 111i· n ~ Attested Transcription: 1i1ins Chemakum: hats'iptay

K8. 1u·g6·+ Modern Interpretation: 1us6y+

K9. 1uwaq'a·ys

KlO. tsa+mat Attested Transcription: ca+m0t

KI2. ts

K20. tsu ·yaq'at

K21. ts'u·y;i·s Modem Interpretation: c'Uyas

K21.1 ts'u·ycis Modem Interpretation: c'uyas

K22. ts'Jwciws Modern Interpretation: c'"waws

K23. Ua'lyuq' Modem Interpretation: l!4?aqW Chemakum: takku+ q'Uma?a

K24. U· al+' a.ssyya? Chemakum: IS' al+' a..ssyya?

K2S. U' al+'qs

K26. U aq tsayl+ Attested Transcription: l!aq c6Yg+ Chemakum: rnA·t'.U'a tslq,wut'

K27. U assa? ts'l;wal) Attested Transcription: ~a? c%wQI)

K28. UaIe" ·walt't

K29. ISIs' 6q''f Attested Transcription: U~qw

K29.1 ISIs' cI:q''f Attested Transcription: U~qw

152 K20. Classet Creek; River 1(2 mile west of q'~'dit Geographic Location: q'~q'dit is 300 yards west of I

K36. UtHaq'um Modem Interpretation: i!til"'lwam

107. U't'q'a'y Modern Interpretation: ~tqAy

108. ham' a+ma· Chemakum: ham'a+umi'q'o

109. hatsqs Modem Interpretation: hOCqs Chemakum: hatsqslq'o

K40. (h6'?«Y?9at) st6?wI? Modem Interpretation: M?aY9at st6wi? Chemakum: +ammam

K41. kwa?pa·?ma? Modern Interpretation: kWa?xw'?ma?

K41.1 k'wa?nra?ma? . Modem Interpretation: kWa?xw6?ma?

K42. k'am6ynow

K43. kwan! .ts«~

K44. kw6It'a·mas

K44.1 kw6?t+'am"'s

K45. k'I?k'IY'Ia'lo's

154

K36. Steilacoom Geographic Location: North of Fort Lewis Map: 02 Frame: 16.231 Commenlaly: Could be K1sIlam. This place is in Lushootseed territory, so one would expect fbI instead of 1m!.

107. Green Point Geographic Location: Halfway between Dungeness and Port Angeles Map: E Frame: 16.525

108. Irondale Geographic Location: East of Four Comers on Quimper Peninsula Map: F2 Frame: 16.410 Commentary: According to speakers, this KJalJam word means 'all cleaned out by enemies.'

109. Point No Point; Hansville Geographic Location: South of Foulweather Bluff Map: Kl Frame: 16.374 Commentary: Louise Buttner was born here.

K40. Main tributary of Dungeness River; main river Geographic Location: Comes is from east four miles up from mouth Map: E Frame: 16.540 Commentary: KJallam is a translation from Chemakum; K1alJam word is not a place name.

K41. Village between Port Angeles and Pysht Geographic Location: Fourteen miles west of Port Angeles Map: D2 Frame: 16.622

K41.1 Gettysburg River Geographic Location: Fourteen miles west of Port Angeles Map: D2 Frame: 16.643 Commentary: Mr. Gettysburg had a store there long ago. No etymology. From speaker's description, this is more than likely Clallam River.

K42. Camano Island Geographic Location: Island directly east of Whidby Island Map: G2 Frame: 16.471

K43. Neah Bay Geographic Location: West of Clallam Bay Map: Bl Frame: 16.689 Commentary: In Makah territory.

K44. Tribename of Hood Canal region Geographic Location: Originates from Admiralty Inlet Map: Kl Frame: 16.316

K44.1 Hood Canal region Geographic Location: Originates from Admiralty Inlet Map: Kl Frame: 16.316

K4S. Skagit Bay Geographic Location: Body of water from Hope Island to northern tip of Camano Island Map: Gl Frame: 16.218

11

K46. kwI?UasU Chemakum: kwI?UasU(q'o)

K47. tawta·?ye?CR V Chemakum: tawta?yt' ?q'o

K47.1 tawt'aye?q'l

K48. +a?+a?UI?q'O? Chemakum: U'ame?el ts'ow'a

K49. +Iylman Modem Interpretation: +iylman Chemakum: +Iylmanq'o

KSO. ~I·+tan Modem Interpretation: ~wa+tan

KSI. t+"?asa~

KS2. It'tsannt Attested Transcription: It'~nt

KS3. t+'tsannt tsayyI+ Attested Transcription: lI:'~nt ~+

KS4. t+'at+'a'?wiyts Attested Transcription: lI:'a?lI:'a?wiy(a)s

KS4.1 t+'a?t+'a?w'ayys Attested Transcription: lI:'a?lI:'a?w4y(a)s

KS4.2 t+'at+'a?w4·ys Attested Transcription: lI:'a?lI:'a?wAys

155 K46. Sherman's Spit Geographic Location: Toward Port Townsend from Scow Bay Map: F2 Frame: 16.422 Commentary: This place was an airplane base in 1942. Locative information is vague at best.

K47. Uttle Beef Creek; little creek north of Seabeck' Geographic Location: North of Seabeck Map: K2 Frame: 16.285 Commentary: It is where K1sIJam used to fish to Jay in a winter supply.

K47.1 Uttle Beef Creek; a creek north of Seabeck Geographic Location: North of Seabeck Map: K2 Frame: 16.308

K48. Spencer Creek; cold water or cold place Geographic Location: Large creek north of Brinnon Map: K2 Frame: 16.277 Commentary: Chemakum is translation of K1sIlam-not a place name.

K49. Fort Flagler Geographic Location: Northeast comer of Marrowstone Island Map: F2 Frame: 16.429.2, 16.430.2 Commentary: No etymology.

KSO. Lotall; canoe thwart Geographic Location: Four miles southwest of Port Gamble Map: Kl Frame: 16.3S5 Commentary: Sounds like it might be a person's name.

KSI. Cape Scott Geographic Location: 300 miles from Neah Bay on west side of Vancouver Island Frame: 16.688 Commentary: Language was not indicated for this place name; it is so tar from the KJallam area, one would not expect it to be KJa11am.

KS2. Port Crescent; Agate Beach Geographic Location: West of Freshwater Bay Map: D2 Frame: 16.613

KS3. Lake Crescent Geographic Location: Southwest of Crescent Bay Map: D2 Frame: 16.613 Commenlaly: Means Port Crescent's Lake. The name given by consultants today is I~mal/.

KS4. Clallam Bay; Sekiu; little eye Geographic Location: West of Pysht Map: C Frame: 16.604 Commentary: The schwa is usually deleted in western KIa11am.

KS4.1 Sekiu Geographic Location: Village at west end of Clallam Bay Map: C Frame: 16.605

KS4.2 CIa11am Bay town; Sekiu Geographic Location: Village at west end of Clallam Bay Map: C Frame: 16.602

K55. t+'aH'akUXU's

K56. H'p'lylqq'cm' Attested Transcription: l

K70.2 nu",+6qq'wa ·tt'''g Modem Interpretation: naxw+6q"a(?)tag

K71. n6l'fn6w' ... ·m .. s Modern Interpretation: naxwn6wama«

K72. n6l'fgIy .. ?aw' .. +1$ Attested Transcription: naxWglya?'_+~

K73. nUl'fq'ay6ts+Ulg Modem Interpretation: naxWq'iac+~g Chemakum: Il¥'flS6'pa?ts' o·q'o Chemakum: k'w .. uo·p .. ?-ts'o·q'o

K73.1 nun'C!'ay'·ts'f.U .. g Modern Interpretation: naxwq'aY4c~g

K74. nun-slS'.sn6?"g Modem Interpretation: naxwsl!sn6?ag Chemakum: U'sn6?omq'o

K75. nun-sna?nM Modem Interpretation: naxwsn4?naf. Chemakum: sna?na+q'o

K75.1 n6l'fsnci?a+ Modern Interpretation: n6xwsn4?a+ Chemakum: slDa?na+q'o

K76. nU¥'fl'kxwi·yn' Attested Transcription: naxwtkw4yn'

K:r1. nu:nwak'V Modem Interpretation: naxw\V6J(W Chemakum:nu:nwallqo

158

K70.2 Union City Geographic Location: Eastern point of Annas Bay in The Great Bend of the Hood Canal Map: N Frame: 16.273

K71. Duwamish Geographic Location: South end of Lake Washington, valley of Duwamish Waterway, and shore of Elliot Bay to the west Map: L2 Frame: 16.238 Commentary: Harrington observes that the suffix !mall is not!mII or !mIl/; to write it either way is a mistake.

K72. Jamestown; East side of Jamestown; white firs Geogrsphic Location: Southeast of Dungeness, north of Sequim Map: E Frame: 16.515 Commentary: !aR! refers to some kind of plant. This word means 'Dungeness' now.

K73. Quartermaster Geogrsphic Location: Point between Portage and Sherman's Spit Map: PI Frame: 16.424, 16.425 Commentary: Sherman's Spit does not appear on present-day maps, so educated guess is that it used to be located in Quartermaster Harbor on Vashon Island. Chemakum has various pronunciations of this word.

K73.1 Quartermaster Geographic Location: Spit between Portage and Sherman's Spit Map: PI Frame: 16.450 Commentary: Sherman's Spit does not appear on present-day maps, so educated guess is that it used to be located in Quartermaster Harbor on Vashon Island.

K74. Hood Head; dirty Geographic Location: Head of Hood Canal Map: Kl Frame: 16.318 Commentary: This place name was known to the speakers as Whiskey Spit or Goat Head in English. Cy says derived from 1$'" IIg; Emily says it comes from uo? .. 1).

K75. Port Ludlow Geogrsphic Location: South of Mats Mats, north of Squamish Harbor Map: K1 Frame: 16.390

K75.1 Port Ludlow Bay Geogrsphic Location: South of Mats Mats, north of Squamish Harbor Map: Kl Frame: 16.389

K76. Freshwater Bay Oeographic Location: West of Port Angeles Map: D2 Frame: 16.642 Commentary: Consulla1lts claim that place name is derived from the term that means 'to put something on your temple or ear and break it.' !naxW! is a locative affix; Ilk"! means 'break'; !6yJi! means 'ear.'

K77. Spit north of Nordland; Geogrsphic Location: On eastern shore, could be where Marrowstone Point is located, of Kilisut Harbor. Map:F2 Frame: 16.441,16.757

K78. nUl'fw'H'f Modem Interpretation: nax"\V6J(W Chemakum: nUl'fw' .. k'wq'o

K79.n~?ay Modern Interpretation: naxwJII?"i Chemakum: n\I4Wa?ayq'o

KSO. nUm! 'yap

K82. p6?etr' Modem Interpretation: p6?al!

K83. p .. lIS't' Attested Transcription: p~

K84. q'wa?? .. nu~ Attested Transcription: qW6?anaq" Chemakum: ts'6w' aruq'o

KSS. q' a?l+amUI-n ciw'"" Attested Transcription: q'a?i+am~naw'txW

K86. q'a?maqq Modem Interpretation: q'a?maqW

K86.1 q'a?m .. ?q'u, Modem Interpretation: q'a?maqW

159

K78. Mount Rainier Geogrsphic Location 2: South of Mt Baker Snoqualmie National Forest Map: Q Frame: 15.255 Commentary: This place name has two locations that the consultants indicate. ltaq"6ma! is what Montier records as Mount Rainier.

K79. Squamish Harbor Geogrsphic Location: South of Port Ludlow Map: K1 Frame 16.265

KSO. Lynch Cove Geogrsphic Location: Hook on the Hood Canal where Belfair is situated Map: 01 Frame: 16.310 Commentary: Consultants knew this place as Belfair Bay.

KS1. Duckabush River Geogrsphic Location: South of Brinnon Map: K2 Frame: 16.281

KSl.l Duckabush River Geogrsphic Location: South of Brinnon Map: K2 Frame: 16.305

K82. FOulweather Bluff Geographic Location: F"tvc miles north of Port Gamble Map: Kl Frame: 16.375

K83. Pysht; white ground Geogrsphic Location: East of Clallam Bay Map: C Frame: 16.633 Commentary: ACCOrding to Montier's notes, this does not mean "white ground.'

K84. Spit on west side of Scow Bay going south, where a creek comes in; watery Oeogrsphic Location: On Kilisut Harbor off Indian Island Map: F2 Frame: 16.444 Commentary: K1a11am is a translation from Chemakum; KIa1lam is not a place name.

KSS. Blackfish place Geogrsphic Location: Near Green Point, east of Twin Rivers Map: E Frame: 16.291 Commentary: Speakers described it as by the beach just west of the smaUpox hospital !q'a?i+am~n/ means 'killer whales' and !aw'txW! means -house.·

K86. Seabeck Oeogrsphic Location: On Hood Canal, northwest of Bremerton Map: K2 Frame: 16.270 Commentary: Harrington says there is no etymology for this word.

K86.1 Seabeck Geogrsphic Location: On Hood Canal, northwest of Bremertoon Map: K2 Frame: 16.271

K87. q'a?t' ay Attested Transcription: q4tay Chemakum: q'''?tHuq'o Chemakum: ts .. 4 ·Iuq'wa?ts

m.1 q'a?t'ay Attested Transcription: q4tay Chemakum: s+"lIuq'wa?t Chemakum: ts"a 'Iuqwa?t

K88. qw"U' a?U Attested Transcription: qWaI!a?l! Chemakum: itl!'a.?ts'l

1

K100. Sahewamish tribe Geographic Location: West half of Hartstene Island, Hammerslay Inlet, Mud Bay, Oyster Bay Map: 01 Frame: 16.316

K100.1 Sahewamish tribe Geographic Location: West half of Hartstene Island, Hammerslay Inlet, Mud Bay, Oyster Bay Map: 01 Frame: 16.316

KI01. Brinnon River; Doscwallips River Geographic Location: North of Duckabush Map: K2 Frame: 16.306 Commentary: River at Brinnon is now called Dosewallips River.

K102. Penn Cove Park area Geographic Location: Across bay from Coupeville Map: F2 Frame: 16.472 Commentary: Gloss given by Harrington says 'area across bay from Coupeville.' That area is now called Penn Cove Park.

KI03. Swinomish; tribe at Oak Harbor GeographiC Location: On Whidby Island north of Penn Cove Map: Fl Frame: 16.220

KI04. sk'w~an Modern Interpretation: sk""awxws3n

KI04.1 sk'wa4WSctn Modern Interpretation: sk""awxws3n

KI04.2 k'w~"n Modern Interpretation: sk'wawxws3n

KI0S. sk'wa?i-a.?mas Modern Interpretation: sk""a?fa?m3~

KlOS.l sk'a?+a?mas Modern Interpretation: sk'wa?+a?m3~

KI0S.2 sk'wa?+a?m3S Modern Phonemic Transcription: sk""a?+a?m3~

KI06. sksan

KI07. smawns Attested Transcription: smay3c Chemakum: q'aye?elS

KIOS. snukwa·+mUW'

KI09. s6??oqll Attested Transcription: su?uq W

Klll. spa4-Jan Attested Transcription: sp6fpn Chemakum: tsa 'q'uq'u 'to

Klll.l spa4-Jan Attested Transcription: sp64-J3n Chemakum: lSa' ku'qu 'ro

162 KI04. Squaxin Island Geographic Location: Southwest of Hartstene Island Map: 02 Frame: 16.245

KI04.1 Squaxin Island Geographic Location: Southwest of Hartstene Island Map: 02 Frame: 16.245

KI04.2 Squaxin Island Geographic Location: Southwest of Hartstene Island Map: 02 Frame: 16.245

KlOS. Brinnon Mountain; Mount Turner Geographic Location: North of Brinnon Map: K2 Frame: 16.324 Commentary: There is no mountain called Brinnon Mountain now. The closest mountain to Brinnon is Mount Turner.

KlOS.l Brinnon Mountain; Mount Turner Geographic Location: North of Brinnon Map: K2 Frame: 16.326

KI05.2 Brinnon Mountain; Mount Turner Geographic Location: North of Brinnon Map: K2 Frame: 16.326

KI06. Snoqualmie Falls Geographic Location: Off Snoqualmie River south of Skykomish Map: M2 Frame: 16.192

KI07. Skunk Island; Elk Island; elk Geographic Location: Off Hadlock Coast Map: F2 Frame: 16.457 Commentary: In 1942, island was not there anymore; speakers just remember name of island that used to be off Hadlock coast.

KIOS. Snoqualmu Geographic Location: Valley of Snoqualmie River Map: M2 Frame: 16.192

KI09. Sooke Geographic Location: Place on south shore of Vancouver Island Map: Dl Frame: 16.758

KllO. Whidby Point Geographic Location: South of Keystone on Whidby Island Map: F2 Frame: 16.475

Klll. Center; prairie, valley Geographic Location: West of Mats Mats Map: Kl Frame: 16.378 Commentary: Attested as a general term only.

Klll.l ChemaIrum Prairie Geographic Locati~n: Runs from Irondale south to Port Ludlow Map: Kl Frame: 16.419

Klll.2 spaq:an Attested TransCription: spMJ3n Chemakum: lSa'ku'q'u'fo

Kll2. spu?yHap Attested Transcription: spu?yal3p

K112.1 spuyalla·pa.mas Attested Transcription: spuyal3pam~

K1l2.2 spuy'alap-Mmas Attested Transcription: spuyal3pam3~

K1l3. sq'wa?q'wiyli-Attested Transcription: sqwa?q'"'eY3+ Chemakum: q'wa?q'weyli-q'o ChemaIrum: qwilaW\sq'o

K1l4. sq'wa?qo.?m3S Modern Interpretation: sqWa?qu?m~

K1l5. sqwa'ly\? Modern Interpretation: sqWa?yi?

K1l5.1 sq'wa?yi? Modern Interpretation: sqWa?yi? Chemakum: q'wa?ll?

K1l6. sq'atsat

K1l7. sqammo·? Attested Transcription: sq3mu? Chemakum: maq' as

K1l8. sq'waya 'yl+ Modern Interpretation: sq""3yaY3+

K1l8.1 sq'waya 'yl' + Modern Interpretation: sqw 3yaY3i-

Kll8.2 sq'waya 'yl' + Modern Interpretation: Sqw3yAY3+

K1l8.3 sq'waya 'yl+-ha?wa~u 4't' Modern Interpretation: sqw"yayai-M?w"~"xw

163

Kll1.2 Sequim Prairie Geographic Location: Runs from Dungeness to Port Washington Map: E Frame: 16.523

Kl12. Puyallup Geographic Location: Southeast of Commencement Bay Map: P2 Frame: 16.226 .

Kl12.1 Puyallup tribe Geographic Location: Commencement Bay and Puyallup River Map: P2 Frame: 16.197

K1l2.2 Puyallup tribe Geographic Location: Commencement Bay and Puyallup River Map: P2 Frame: 16.197

K113. Port Discovery Geographic Location: Southwest of Port Townsend Map: F2 Frame: 16.497, 16.498

K114. Skykomish River Geographic Location: From Monroe to the west to Skykomish Map: Ml Frame: 16.311

K115. Nisqually Geographic Location: East of Olympia Map: 02 Frame: 16.242

K1l5.1 Nisqually tribe Geographic Location: Valier of Nisqually River, from its mouth to its falls Map: 02 Frame: 16.199

K1l6. Coupeville tribe; Skagit Geographic Location: On Whidby Island on Penn Cove Map: F2 Frame: 16.216

K1l7. Tatoosh Island; milk, breast Geographic Location: Off Cape Flattery west of Neah Bay Map: Bl Frame: 16.659

K118. Mud Bay; Sahehwamish Geographic Location: On Lopez Island Map: Fl Frame: 16.228

K1l8.1 Mud Bay Geographic Location: On Lopez Island Map: Fl Frame: 16.252

Kll8.2 Mud Bay Geographic Location: On Lopez Island Map: Fl Frame: 16.252

K118.3 Mud Bay Geographic Location: On Lopez Island Map: Fl Frame: 16.228

K119. sq'1'~'mas Modem Interpretation: sq'ixwaima!

K119.1 q'I'~'mas Modern Interpretation: sq'ixwaima!

K120. sq'6g17 Attested Transcription: sq'w6gi? Chemakum: Janut'q'o

K121. s("tS'as Attested Transcription: siai?c.s

K121.1 1'''tS'''. Attested Transcription: siai?c.s

K12l.2 st'"tS'"s-h,,?w"gun-Modern Interpretation: stu?wta?wiM?awgaxW

K122. st"q'am"s

K122.1 tq'a'mas

K122.2 t'q-ha· m,,!

K122.3 t"q-ham"s

KI23. st"uf-"m Attested Transcription: statlhm

KI24. stl?,,+ Modem Interpretation: sti?a4-

KI25. sI6r,,?kw8'm,,!

164 K119. Sltihwamish Geographic Location: Along course of Skykomish River Map: Ml Frame: 16.193

K119.1 Sltihwamish Geographic Location: Along course of Skykomish River Map: Ml Frame: 16.193

KI20. Admiralty Head Light; head Geographic Location: 1 mile west of Keystone on Whidby Island Map: F2 Frame: 16.474

K121. Olympia Geographic Location: On southern tip of Budd Inlet Map: 02 Frame: 16.230, 16.250

K121.1 Olympia Geographic Location: On southern tip of Budd Inlel Map: 02 Frame: 16.230

K121.2 Olympia tribe Geographic Location: On southern tip of Budd Inlet Map: 02 Frame: 16.230

KI22. Stuckamish River; White River Geographic Location: South of Auburn Map: PI Frame: 16.194 Commentary: River near Stuck is now called White River.

K122.1 Stuckamish tribe Geographic Location: South of Auburn Map: PI Frame: 16.194

K122.2 Stuckamish tribe Geographic Location: South of Auburn Map: PI Frame: 16.194

K122.3 Stuckamish tribe Geographic Location: South of Auburn Map: PI Frame: 16.194

KI23. Cemetary site near Dungencss; shovelnose canoe Geographic Location: Between Dungeness and Jamestown Map: E Frame: 16.545 Commentary: According to Montier's notes, this word now means "Jamestown.w

K124. Upper Elwha Geographic Location: Upstream on Elwha River Map: 02 Frame: 16.575 Commentary: Probably the same as titi?€I4-, the former village on the west side of Elwha bridge.

KI25. Stilliquamish tribe; Skagit tribe Geographic Location: River that runs from Rowan to Tulker Map: H Frame: 16.202

KI25.1 stul'"?kw"'m,,s

KI25.2 stowtaw'lh,,?awgun-Modern Interpretation: stu?wta?wiM?agaxW

KI26. suq'wa· m"l Modern Interpretation: suq'wama!

K127. sU4'f\la?tum' ,,'?I4-Modem Interpretation: sx~?tam'ai?i+ Chemakum: ts'"lit'q''' 'Iu

K127.1 sU4'f\S"'1tam?ay'11 Modern Interpretation: sxwa?tam'a?if-Chemakum: ts'"+-?"Iq,, , ·tu Chemakum: ts'"n ·t'q'as

KI28. SVn'llkwly"g Attested Transcription: siXIWeyag Chemakum: Ilkwiy"gq'o

K129. sun-+,,?f-6?ts' "m' Modem Interpretation: sxw4-a?f-e?cam'

K129.1 sun-+"?t6?\l',,m' Modern Interpretation: sxwh?4-6?cam'

K130. sUn'+ell' "m Modern Interpretation: SXW 4-te am

K13l. siin'ilawyeH' "n Modern Interpretation: sxwhawyeHan

K132. syn-l ,,?me?g"+ Attested Transcription: sxW!a?m6?gaf

K133. sYn-IA?meg'1

165

KI25.1 Stilliquamish tribe Geographic Location: River that runs from Rowan to Tulker Map: H Frame: 16.202

KI25.2 Stilliquamish tribe Geographic Location: River that runs from Rowan to Tulker Map: H Frame: 16.202

KI26. Suquamish Geographic Location: Bainbridge Island and mainland from Colby 10 Foulweather Bluff Map: Kl, K2 Frame: 16.332

K127. Portage Canal; portage Geographic Location: Point where Vashon Island and Maury Island connect Map: PI Frame: 16.430.1 Commentary: The KIallam word is not place name; it is merely a general term.

K127.1 Portage Canal; portage Geographic Location: Point where Vashon Island and Maury Island connect Map: PI Frame: 16.432.1 Commentary: Second Chemakum word not place name.

KI28. Sequim Bay; Washington Harbor Geographic Location: Southeast of Jamestown Map: E Frame: 16.489

K129. Marsh between Mats Mats and Oak Bay Geographic Location: North of Mats Mats Map: Kl Frame: 16.385

K129.1 Area north of Oak Bay Geographic Location: South of Hadlock Map: F2 Frame: 16.385

K130. Marsh south of Foulweather Bluff Geographic Location: North of Port Gamble, north of Hawk's Hole Map: Kl Frame: 16.370

K13l. Creek 3/4 miles north of Lofall; thwarts Geographic Location: Four Corners is al fork of this creek Map: Kl Frame: 16.356

K132. Cape George area Geographic Location: East side of mouth of Discovery Bay Map: F2 Frame: 16.526 Commentary: According to Montier, this has the same rool, ~am, as the Saanich word for smallpox.

K133. Discovery Bay Geographic Location: West of Port Townsend Map: F2 Frame: 16.517

K134. su4"fl'ak'f!'a.kwW Attested Transcription: sxwi6kwi:>kwj? Chemakum: +I6qo?0Iq'0

KI3S. sul'f\' ciwq'u Attested Transcription: sxWtQwq'w

K136. slIwayaq'am'a'ya Modern Interpretation: sxWtayq':>m'6y:> Chemakum: t'a?yaq'am' ayuk'o Chemakum: taqata 'Iq'o

K137. fUWIl! ue?naq Attested Transcription: sxWt:>lX6?n:>g

K138. swa ·?Icq: Modern Interpretation: swA?I:>l<

K139. SWan' amaS Modern Interpretation: swtin':>m:>l

K140. Sn'ayyI'?hl? Chemakum: 1St atlSa?t

K14l. SXWt+'A·yIm'A·+ Attested Transcription: sxwk'ay:>m'A+

K142. sn'gi?aya Modern Interpretation: sxWgi?Ay:> Chemakum: ts'a?lisl'a'l

K143. swayaq'am'aya Attested Transcription: sxwlAy:>q:>m'Ay:> Chemakum: ta'/aq'am'ayaq'o Chemakum: sUW\ay'aq'am'ayaq'o

KI44. q:a?q'at Modern Interpretation: q:A?q':>t Chemakum: ls

K149.1 laSayi!s Modern Interpretation: ~:>~Ay:>s

KlS0. se?nuks

KlS0.l Se?nukw, s Chemakum: Se?nukwti ·tsq'o

KlSl. \cq'fy«? Modern Interpretation: t~xWy:>?

KlS1.1 tcquy«? Modern Interpretation: t~xWy:>?

KlS2. IA'ISIS

KlS3. t6mma+ Attested Transcription: t~m:>+

167

KI4S. North Bay Geographic Location: At end of Case Inlet Map: 01 Frame: 16.199

KI46. Creek just north of Brinnon River; Turner Creek Geographic Location: South of Jackson Cove Map: K2 Frame: 16.277 Commentary: Harrington's consultants said this cryptic statement: 'When KIallams used to lose one of their loved ones, it was never wanted to call his name anymore; they used $l6?0·tsan', a tabooed name. 4W6?/ means "cry," and /ucgn/ means "mouth."

K147. Samamish tribe Geographic Location: Lake Sammamish and eastern shore of Lake Washington Map: L2 Frame: 16.191

KI48. Long bank north of blackfish place Geographic Location: Near Green Point which is west of Port Angeles Map: E Frame: 16.526

K149. Point of Arches Geographic Location: North of Ozette on west coast Map: Bl Frame: 16.693 Commentary: Language not indicated by Harrington in his field notes.

K149.1 Willoughby Lake Geographic Location: East of Point of Arches Map: Bl Frame: 16.651, 16.666 Commentary: Harrington's speakers just say this is the name of a small lake near Point of Arches; the nearest small lake is Willoughby Lake.

K1S0. Gloucester Geographic Location: In Port Townsend area Map: F2 Frame: 16.756 Commentary: Exact location is not given for this word.

K1S0.1 Gloucester Geographic Location: In Port Townsend area Map: F2 Frame: 16.433.2 Commentary: No etymology.

KlSl. Tahuya Geographic Location: Across Hood Canal from Union Map: N Frame: 16.268

KlS1.1 Tahuya Geographic Location: Across Hood Canal from Union Map: N Frame: 16.268

KlS2. Destruction Island Geographic Location: Southwest of Hoh River Map: I Frame: 16.325 Commentary: Language not indicated.

KlS3. Union; red-ocher place; red ocher Geographic Location: Southern shore of The Great Bend in Hood Canal. Map: N Frame: 16.268, 16.278

KlS4. t'a·qOWa ·t,

K154.1 t'ak'wa ·t'

K155. (ukwaqsu·s

KlS6. t6w'a"n~ ,Modern Interpretation: tuw'an

17

0

~ ... '.".~:.'

. ".; .''''):5.t~':::'::~ .. ,!,: ... \ ...• , ';·:·""··'·':;:-·l.':' i" ' .. ', .7' 'r ..... -"'''... ... :~'""'' _. "':f "':'.1' ' .. S" ''>''''_ .. . ' .. ~; ...... ~ ... ~··";·'\·'···'··,·C·fl"-"'~ .. -., K6 Lower

••. , «lLV~·iIa!i'c.:;;·;.~OR'e.:S.i:~'-::~~.:~~':;'\·: ~~,w.;';'~~)\':-",",iiL ?}.< .;_,.. . ii' L:-~··.b·"'~_~':~=:~?l~!' . . .. " ..

!~(:tf~~~ll. ,'):~I?;~~£{}:-··c .'f:~'j}~:.:~?:~:]#gLl~f\~~;~~~~:S1~~::~~ZI~:~t~~tdj#~t~r{~;:.~\;'{e~

'I

""

'I UI

...... ~iid,.~., .J. I ' ....

" IX)

" '0

Q)

o

Q)

K126 ,

184

A

Admiralty Head Ught K 120 Agate Beach KS2 Alaska K2

B

Beecher Bay Klallam town at west side of K33 Klallam town at east side of K62

Bremerton K 144, KI44,I Brinnon

Spencer Creek K48 Brinnon Mountain K 105, KIOS.I, K IOS.2 Brinnon River K 101

creek just north of KI46

c Camano Island K 4 2 Cape Alava K 2 8 Cape !-lallery

rock 300 yards off K II, K 11.1 Cape George K 13 2 Cape SCOll KSI Center K I II Chemakum Prairie K III. I Chemakum Ri ver K 6 6.2 Chemakum Valley C7, K66.2 Clallam Bay KS4

Klallam village where creeks meet KI63 region K30

Classet Creek K 2 0 Coon Spit C12, CIZ.I Coupeville K 116, KI42 Crescent Lake K I 0, KS3

D

Destruction Island K 152 Diamond Point KS6 Discovery Bay K 13 3 Dosewallips River K I 0 I Double Bluff C 10 Duckabush River K81, K81.!

Dungeness area inside spit K58 beach between Jamestown and Dungeness K137 butt end of K34.1 cemetarv site near K123

185

Index

lighthouse K17 marshy ground west of K29, K29.1 OldTown KtS,KtS.l . River KtS.2

main tributary K40 Spit KI9 Spit tip K99 spit west of K98 village at bUll end of

spit K4 Duwamish K 7 I

E

Eglon CII Elk Island K 1 07 ElwhaK6

Upper KI24 Ennis Creek K 7 . I

F

Fort Flagler K 4 9 Foulweather Bluff K82

marsh south of K 130 Freshwater Bay K 7 6

G

Gettysburg Mountain K 164 Gettysburg River K41.1

point west of K30.1, K30.2 Gloucester KISO, KtSO.1 Green Point K37

blacldish place near K8S long bank north of blacldish place K 148

H

Hadlock C3, C3.1, C3.2 alcohol plant K3

Halfway Point KSS Hamahama River K 162 Hawk's Hole K14, K14.1 Hazel Point K 134 Henderson Inlet K 167 Holmes Harbor C 9 Hood Canal C20.1

region K44.1 tribename of region K44

Hood Head K74

Irondale K38 creek just noM of K66.1

J

Jamestown K72 beach between Jamestown and Dungeness K 137

K

Kilisut Harbor K32.1

L

channel at south end of K96. K96.1 longest spit in region KI36 mouth K97 small spit of C6 south end of C 17 spit of. small neck clams C8 spit on west side of K84

Leland take K 12 lillie Beef Creek K47, K47.1 Lillie Boston C 14. 1 Lofall K50

creek nOM of KI31 Lynch Cove K80

M

Manhattan Beach K 160 Mats Mats K60. K140

area near KI35 marsh between Mats Mats and Oak Bay KI29

Middle Creek K65 Mission Beach K25 Morse River K 10 Mount Baker K 13 S Mount Rainier K7S MountTumerKl0S. KI0S.l. KI0S.2

Muckleshoot K59, KS9.1 Mud Bay K118. KllS.1. KllS.2. K118.3

N

Neah Bay K43. KlS4.1 site of logging camp in region KI55

Nisqually KllS, KllS.l Nootka tribe K90 Nordland ClS.l. CIS.2

second spit noM of K93 spit north of K77

NOM Bay KI4S

186

o Oak Bay

area north of K129.1 marsh between Mats Mats and Oak Bay KI29 south of CI8

Olympia K121, KI21.1, K121.2 Olympic Mountain Range KS, K141 Ozelle KS, K 13

village 112 south of K 159 village one mile south of K 169

Ozelle Lake K 91

p

Penn Cove Park K 1 02 Pillar Point K22 Point No Point K39 Point of the Arches K149

north end of beach K9 place north of K 157

Port Angeles K7. K32 bUll end of spit K34 Foothills K61 just east of papermill K7.3 papermill at K7.2 village between Port Angeles and Pysht K41

Port Crescent K52 Port Discovery K 113

between mouth and spit KI65 Port Gamble C 14. 1

Coon Spit north of C12, C12.1 sawmill site CI4

Port Ludlow K7S region behind CI8, K23 BayK75.1

Port Townsend KS7, K87.1 cannery site CI5 creek south of K66 creek south of spit which is west of C5 Fort Townsend C16. CI6.1 papermill Cl Point Wilson Light K31

place outside of K170 Sherman'S Spit K46 spit opposite Gloucester K143 spit south of army station at CI3

Portage Canal K127, K127.1 Protection Island K24 Puyallup K112, KI12.1, 112.2 Pysht K83

Q

Quartermaster K73. K73.1 Quilcene K89, KS9.1, K89.2 Quilcene Bay K94

creek ~uth of KI66

R

Racer's Cove marsh noM of K26

s Sahewamish K 100, KIOO.I Samamish tribe KI47 Scow Bay K32.1

channel at end of K96, K96.1 mouth K97 south end of CI7 spit on west side of K84

Seabeck K86, K86.1 creek between Seabeck and red-ocher place K57 creek six miles south of K35, K35.1 creek south of C19

Seattie K16, K16.1 Sekiu KS4.I, K54.2 Sequim Bay K 128

bank east of spit K95 clam bar near head of KI61

Sequim Prairie K 111.2 Shomamish tribe K 168 Skagit K116 Skagit Bay K45

point across K88 Skagit Head K64 Skihwamish K119, K119.1 Skunk Island K I 07 Skykomish River 114 Smith Island K63 Snohomish River K69 Snoqualmie Falls K I 06 Snoqualmu KI07 Sooke KI09 Squarnish Harbor C20, K79 Squaxin Island KI04. KI04.I, KI04.2 Steilacoom K36 Stilliquamish K 125, KI25.1, K12S.2 Strawberry Point K8S

Stuckamish River K 122 tribe KI22.1, KI22.2, K122.3

Suez K21, K21.1 point one mile south of KI54

Suquamish K 126

Swinomish tri be K 139 at Oak Harbor K 103

T

Tahuya KISI, KISI.I Tatoosh Island K 117 Termination Point C 4

187

Twana K 156, KIS6.1 Twin River K67

village six miles west of K 18 Twin Spits K27

u Union K70, K70.1, K70.2, KI53 Useless Bay K68 Utsalady KI

w Waatch KI58 WarmBeach K92 Whidby Island

peninsula on C2 Whidby Point K II 0 Willoughby Lake K149.1

188

References

Mills, Elaine 1.. (Ed.). (1981). The Papers of John Peabody Harrington in the Smithsonian Institution 1907-1957. A Gujde to the Field Notes: Native American Histo!Y. Langualle and Culture of A1aska/Northwest Coast. (Vol. 1). Millwood, NY: Kraus International Publications.

MontIer, Timothy. (1997). KIallam field notes.

Montier, Timothy. (1995). Learninll Nvxwsk'ay'amiican: Materials for Learninll and Teaching the KIaIlam Lanllualle. Unpublished manuscript.

Pullum, Geoffrey K., & Ladusaw, William A. (1986). Phonetic Symbol Guide. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Smithsonian Institution. (1981). The Papers of John Peabody Harrington in the Smithsonian Institution. Part One. A1aska/Northwest Coast. (Reel 16). [Microfilm]. (Available from Kraus Microform, Millwood, NY).