toa1 colors

8/3/2019 TOA1 Colors

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COLORS


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Definition


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ColorDerives from the spectrum of light

(distribution of light energy versus

wavelength) interacting in the eye with the

spectral sensitivities of the light receptors.

Mr. ROY G. BIV


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A COLORISDESCRIBEDIN

THREEWAYS:


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Shade and tint

are terms that refer to a variation of a hue.

Tint: A hue produced by theaddition of white.

Shade: A hue produced bythe addition of black.


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Subtractive Color. When we mix colors using paint, or throughthe printing process, we are using the subtractive color

method. Subtractive color mixing means that one begins with

white and ends with black; as one adds color, the result getsdarker and tends to black.


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Additive Color. If we are working on a computer, the colors we see onthe screen are created with light using the additive color method.Additive color mixing begins with black and ends with white; as morecolor is added, the result is lighter and tends to white.


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There are 12 colors in a standard color wheel that are divided

into three designations: primary colors, secondary colors, andtertiary colors.


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Primary Colors

The next aspect to the color wheel is creating thesecondary colors. These colors are placed in

triangles above the corresponding primary colorcombination. This system of color mixing is known asthe subtractive process, because the resultingsecondary color subtracts or absorbs even morewaves from the white light than the first color did.


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The secondary colors are:orange (mix red + yellow)green (mix yellow + blue)violet (mix blue + red)

These secondary colors are also known asThe final step to creating the 12 step color wheel will be to create a ring around thenewly formed primary and secondary color form. Divided into 12 equal segments,the primary and secondary colors shall be repeated to their corresponding segmentwithin the surrounding ring. This will leave a blank segment between every twocolors. In these blank segments the tertiary colorswill be created.

Secondary Colors


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The are: yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue violet, blue-green, and yellow-green.

The sequence of colors on the color wheel should

resemble that of the rainbow.

We can now use our color wheel as the basis to

understanding color and color combination techniques.

Tertiary Colors


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In color theory, a color scheme is the choice ofcolors used in design for a range of media.


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TYPESOF COLOR SCHEME

Analogous:Colors that contain a common hue and arefound next to each other on the color

wheel, e.g., violet, red-violet, and redcreate a sense of harmony. Rememberadjoining colors on the wheel are similarand tend to blend together. They areeffective at showing depth.


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Monochromatic:One color. A monochromatic color schemeuses only one hue (color) and all values

(shades or tints) of it for a unifying andharmonious effect.


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Neutral colors:Contain equal parts of each of the

three primary colors - black, white, gray, and

sometimes brown are considered "neutral".When neutrals are added to a color only thevalue changes, however; if you try to makea color darker by adding a darker color to itthe color (hue) changes.


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Warm colors:Suggest warmth and seem to

move toward the viewer and appear closer,

e.g., red and orange are the colors of fire.


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Cool colors:Suggest coolness and seem to

recede from a viewer and fall back, e.g.,blue and green are the colors of water andtrees).


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Complementary:Two colors opposite one another on the

color wheel, e.g., blue and orange, yellow and purple,

red and green.

When a pair of high intensity

complements are placed side by side, they seem to

vibrate and draw attention to the element Not all color

schemes, based on complementary colors are loud

and demanding -- if the hues are of low-intensity the

contrast is not too harsh.

Intensity can only be altered by mixing a

color with its complement, which has the effect of

visually neutralizing the color. Changing the values of

the hues, adding black or white, will soften the effect.


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Triad:A color triad is composed of three

colors spaced an equal distance apart on thecolor wheel. The contrast between triad colorsis not as strong as that between complements..

Primary - red, yellow, and blue


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Triad:Secondary - by mixing two primary colors,


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Triad:Intermediate - colors are created by mixing aprimary and a secondary: Red-orange, yellow-

orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-purple,and red-purple.


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Triad:Split complements - the combination of onehue plus the hues on each side of its

complement. This is easier to work with than astraight complementary scheme. It offers morevariety, e.g., red-orange, blue, and green.


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Triad:Double complementary - two adjacent huesand their opposites. It uses four colors arranged

into two complementary color pairs. Thisscheme is hard to harmonize; if all four colorsare used in equal amounts, the scheme maylook unbalanced, so you should choose a colorto be dominant or subdue the colors.


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COMPOSITIONALEFFECTS OF COLORS

Spatial Effects

Balance and Proportion


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SPATIAL EFFECTS

Hues that are lighter at maximum saturation (yellows, oranges) appear larger

than those that are darker at maximum saturation (e.g., blues and purples).

Saturation is the relative brilliance or vibrancy of a color. The more saturated a

color, the less black it contains.


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BALANCEAND PROPORTION

Generally speaking, highly saturated or busily detailed areas will draw

attention and therefore seem to carry more weight than less saturated or

visually simpler areas.


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EMPHASIS

An area in a work of art that attracts the viewers attention first. The element

noticed first is called dominant; the elements noticed later are called

subordinate.


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UNITY

Allows the viewer to see a combination of elements, principles, and media as a

whole. Unity is created by harmony, simplicity, repetition, proximity, and

continuation. For example, you could use the repetition of a color scheme to

unify a composition.


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MOVEMENT

Color can create a sense of movement. When the values in a work jump quickly from very

high-key to very low-key, a feeling of excitement and movement is created. When all of

the values are close together the work seems much calmer. When you want to create

movement with color remember to use values of pure hues as well as those of tints and

shades. Movement creates the illusion of action or physical change in position.


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RHYTHM

The use of repeated elements to create the illusion of movement. Visual

rhythm is perceived through the eyes, and is created by repeated positive

spaces separated by negative spaces. There are five types of rhythm: random,

regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive.


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USES AND PSYCHOLOGICALEFFECTSColor Effects (Architectural Implications)


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Physiological EffectsMystics have long held we emanate a colored glow, or aura,which is thought to effect the state of a person's health and

spirituality. Today, chromotherapy is used to heal with colors. Thisform of treatment dates back thousands of years to the ancient"color halls" of Egypt, China, and India. A more prominent use ofcolor therapy occurs in environmental design (the effect of coloron health and behavior).


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Color SymbolismOur responses to color are not just biological. They are also

influenced by color associations from our culture.


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Personal Color PreferencesNot only have we inherited cultural associations, but we also

respond to colors in individual ways. Research has revealed some

variables that help explain individual differences in color

responses. One thing remains the same in color and that is our

own color preferences are important to us.


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Emotional EffectsThe actual emotional effect of a specific color in an artwork

depends partly on its surroundings and partly on the ides

expressed by the work as a whole. To be surrounded by blue

lighting in an installation is quite different from seeing a small

area of blue in a larger color context. For many of us the

emotional effects of art may be difficult to articulate.


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Local and Expressive ColorThere are two opposite ways of using color in representational

art. At one extreme is the local color - the color that something

appears from nearby when viewed under average lighting

conditions. We think of the local color of a banana as yellow, for

example. At the other end of the extreme is the expressionistic use

of color, whereby artists use color to express an emotional rather

than a visual truth.


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REDthe warmest and the most energetic color of the spectrum. Red is

associated with love thus it is he color of Valentine s Day. It couldalso mean danger which is why most warning labels, emergency exit

and stop signs come in red. Red represents anger, speed, violence

and strength.

Red is said to raise blood pressure or increaseyour heartbeat. Redwould not be ideal for hospitals, prisons or psychiatric wards.

The Chinese believe that red symbolizes luck and celebration. It is

used from birthdays to weddings.

For the Indians, red is the color of purity.


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Blue

Blue means calm and tranquility. It may mean peace, stability, and harmony.Blue is also the color of trust, truth, confidence, security, cleanliness, order, cold,water, sky and loneliness.

Blue reduces ones appetite, slows the pulse rate and lowers your temperature.Blue is also commonly used for business because it communicates reliability andtrustworthiness.

The Chinese associate blue with immortality. In Colombia blue is associated withsoap. For the Hindus, it is the color of Krishna. The Jews believe blue is a holycolor. In the \middle East, blue is the color of protection. These may be thereasons why blue is considered t be the safest global color.


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green

The color of nature. It represents the environment, good health, luck, youth,vigor, spring, fertility, envy, inexperience or misfortune.

The coolness of green soothes, calms and is said to have great healing powers.Surgeons wear green in most operating rooms.

In India, green is the color of Islam. It also has religious significance for Catholics

in Ireland. In some tropical countries, green may mean danger.


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yellow

Yellow is happiness, idealism, joy, imagination, hope, summer. Sunshine, gold,dishonesty, cowardice, illness and inspiration.

The yellow rose symbolizes friendship. Asian see yellow as sacred and imperial.


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black

The color of power, sexuality, sophistication, elegance, wealth, fear, evil, depth,sadness, remorse and death. In fashion, black is a favorite color. It is associatedwith formality and class. Clothes also look more expensive when they come inblack.

Black is said to be the absence of light or color.


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orange

Orange is an energetic color. It is probably the most attention-getting color. Thisis why most warning signs come in orange. It also means warmth, balance,enthusiasm, vibrance and flamboyancy.


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purple

Purple is the color of royalty, spirituality and nobility. It also represents wisdomand mystery. Wizards in fairy tales often wear purple. Purple may also meanarrogance, cruelty and enlightenment.

Purple is also associated with creativity.


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white

When colors come together in perfect balance, we see white. It is the color ifpurity, simplicity, cleanliness, precision, innocence, birth, winter, snow and good.In visual representations of good and evil, white is usually associated with thegood guys.

In Japan, white carnations signify death. The Chinese likewise see white as acolor for mourning.


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Color as an integral part of perceptual system whichhelp us to:

Identify and define objects in space;

Acts as signaling device which is evidence of

certain conditions and;

Conveying information about the

surroundings.


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SizeOutline/contourAttentionFeeling


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Uses of color and lighting in

building:1. To give direction2. To warn or call attention to an object or event

3. To modify or change structure4. To establish a desired environment5. For sheer physical relief6. Simply for pleasure or enjoyment7. To arouse human instinct (psychological)


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Color serves many aestheticpurposes in the design of thebuilding, namely:

It creates an atmosphere

It suggests either unity or diversityIt expresses character of materialsIt defines formIt affects proportionsIt brings out scaleIt gives a sense of weightIt projects value in physical propertiesIt brings out composition/organization of structures.


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