Tobacco Tobacco and your bodyand your bodyGlencoe, Chapter 24

Short Term Effects of SmokingShort Term Effects of Smoking

Drug UseDrug UseUsually think of marijuana, cocaine or over the counter drugs we use when sick as Drugs

The truth is that most common and widely used drugs in US are ones responsible for most illnesses, injuries, and deaths=tobacco & alcohol

Why Do People Why Do People Do This?Do This?

*Addiction to a powerful psychoactive drug: Nicotine*Many researchers consider nicotine the most physically addictive of all the psychoactive drugs

Nicotine levels increased more than 1% per year in major cigarette brands from 1998-2005

Lesson 1: Tobacco UseLesson 1: Tobacco UseA High Risk BehaviorA High Risk Behavior

What is in a Cigarette?◦Nicotine: the addictive DRUG◦Tar: black and sticky; sticks to lungs

◦Carcinogens: ANYTHING that causes cancer

◦Carbon Monoxide: CO1; an allergen

Tobacco as Insect RepellantTobacco as Insect Repellant

*Practice gains acceptance as a social practice*Sign of sophistication

Tobacco Use

*Pro smoking attitudes formed during childhood*1/3 of children in US age 9 have taken at least on experimental “puff”*Median age to experiment with regular cigarettes is around 15 years*Tobacco industry has experimented with “flavored” cigarettes to catch this population

Chewing TobaccoChewing TobaccoWhat's really in it for you?

http://youtu.be/vkp9DTPA_lk

The harm dip does to the mouth…The harm dip does to the mouth…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkp9DTPA_lk

...is it worth it?...is it worth it?

Changing AttitudesChanging Attitudes

As society changes from fear of dangers

Industry introduces “light” or supposedly safe brands

Illusion of safety

Proportions of cancer cases Proportions of cancer cases associated with smokingassociated with smoking

Lung Cancer 87%

Esophageal cancer

75%

Bladder cancer 30-40%

Pancreatic cancer

30%

The Costs of Tobacco The Costs of Tobacco AddictionAddiction

Globally 3 million people die per year as direct result of tobacco products

435,000 of these live in USTobacco related illness consumes 60% of

annual expenditure for health care1 in every 5 deaths =smoking–related

illness(doesn’t include 2nd hand smoke)

Causes of Annual Smoking Related Causes of Annual Smoking Related Deaths in the USDeaths in the US

Cause of Death % of Deaths from this Disease Related to Smoking

Total # of Annual Deaths from this condition Induced by smoking

Lung Cancer 28% 120,000/ yr

Coronary artery disease

23% 98,990/yr

Chronic lung disease other than cancer

17% 73,100/yr.

Other forms of cancer 7% 30,100/yr.

Strokes 6% 25,800/yr.

All other forms of illness

19% 81,700/yr

Diseases of the Respiratory and Diseases of the Respiratory and Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

Chronic Bronchitis COPD

(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Emphysema Lung Cancer Hypertension Heart Disease

Dangers of SmokingDangers of Smoking

Each cigarette takes 11 minutes off your life

Men=13 yearsWomen=15 years

Smoking is the leading cause of Preventable death in the US

Toward a Smoke Free Toward a Smoke Free SocietySociety

“We need to stop thinking of youth problems as the principal barrier to youth development, and start thinking of youth development as the most effective strategy for preventing youth problems.”The National Assembly. Building Resiliency: What Works; A Community Guide to Preventing Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse Through Positive Youth Development. Washington, D.C. 1994: p. 12

AlcoholAlcohol and your bodyand your bodyGlencoe, Chapter 25

Radford College "Facts on Alcohol"

Lesson 1: Alcohol UseLesson 1: Alcohol UseA High Risk BehaviorA High Risk Behavior

Ethanol: the addictive drug in alcohol

Fermentation: chemical action of yeast on sugars

Intoxication: physical and mental impairment resulting from use of alcohol

What it does...What it does...

Central Nervous System

LiverBlood VesselsHeartKidneys Stomach

ALCOHOLALCOHOL

      one of the most abused drugs by all ages and backgrounds

      fruit, sugar, grain is fermented by yeasts into ethyl alcohol, or ethanol

proof refers to percentage of alcohol in a beverage (100-proof vodka is 50% alcohol)

depressantdepressant – causes central nervous system to – causes central nervous system to s-l-o-w d-o-w-ns-l-o-w d-o-w-n

      opens blood

vessels, feel warm, flushed

     slows reaction time     slows breathing

rate     impairs judgment  

 

intoxicationintoxication – physical and mental impairment – physical and mental impairment from alcohol usefrom alcohol use

      can range from inability to walk to unconsciousness, inability to think, speak, do simple tasks

      50% of all vehicle accidents & deaths are from drunk driving

      increased incidence of violent behavior & crimes

      increased incidence of sexual assault & rape

      increased transmission of STDs

      alcohol poisoning & death  

 

tolerance: tolerance:

the brain & nervous system have become less sensitive to alcohol’s effects (someone may have to drink 6 beers in order to get the same effect they used to get from 2 or 3)

physical dependencephysical dependence

characterized by increased tolerance, making it necessary to drink more to get the same effect. When a person is physically dependent on alcohol, withdrawal symptoms appear when the drug is discontinued

How long does it take for the body to rid How long does it take for the body to rid itself of alcohol?itself of alcohol?

      alcohol is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream from the stomach & small intestine

      affects person within 5 to 10 minutesmetabolized or oxidized by the liver at a rate of ¼ to ½ ounce per hour

      takes two hours to oxidize one average drink

     passage of time is only way to sober up; coffee, cold showers, or “walking it off” has no effect

Factors influencing alcohol’s effectsFactors influencing alcohol’s effects

*how quickly it is drunk amount of food in

stomach body weight & build gender (women

metabolize alcohol differently & become intoxicated more quickly)

 mental/emotional state

 surroundings*physical tolerance

BAC - Blood Alcohol Concentration – is the amount BAC - Blood Alcohol Concentration – is the amount of alcohol in the blood at any given timeof alcohol in the blood at any given time

 .08% is legally intoxicated in New York State for

adults = DWI arrest “driving while intoxicated”

 .04% = DUI arrest “driving under the influence” anything over .02 for persons under 21 can get you

into legal trouble & loose privilege to drive possession of alcohol by persons under 21 can be

prosecuted

did you know….did you know….

…if you are under 21 and give alcohol to another person under 21, you can be arrested

…if you use a fake ID, you can be arrested…if you alter an ID or license, it is a felony

and can be sent to prison for up to 7 years

did you know….did you know….

…if your parents allow you & your friends have alcohol, they can be arrested (even if other parents say it is ok)

…if you have a party without your parent’s permission and alcohol is used, they are legally responsible for what goes on in their house, and they will be held liable

Liable means to be held responsible for damages to property or injuries to people…in other words, your family would have to pay lots of money to anyone who was hurt

BAC LevelBAC Level .04% - .05% – judgment, speech,

coordination affected.08% - .10% - reflexes & judgment clearly

impaired.2% - could result in unconsciousness.3% - could result in coma.4% - .5% - could result in death due to

suppression of the cerebellum, the brain’s breathing center

Alcohol PoisoningAlcohol Poisoning

  people who drink heavily in a ◦short amount of time risk their lives

   a high BAC can result in Acute Alcohol Intoxication ( alcohol poisoning)

   if someone shows signs of alcohol poisoning, call 911

get help immediately if someoneget help immediately if someone……

       cannot be awakened       has a weak, rapid pulse       has unusual or irregular breathing

patternhas cool, (possibly damp) bluish or pale skin

DO NOT LEAVE THEM TO “SLEEP IT OFF”

DO NOT LEAVE THEM TO “SLEEP IT DO NOT LEAVE THEM TO “SLEEP IT OFF”OFF”

 alcohol irritates the stomach lining, causing vomiting

a sleeping or unconscious person could vomit & aspirate it into their lungs and die

Get medical attentionCall 911Be safe, not sorry

Driving Under the InfluenceDriving Under the Influence

Driving Under the InfluenceDriving Under the Influence

Metabolism◦amount of alcohol consumed, food in

stomach, time between drinks, body size, gender

Blood Alcohol Concentration◦ NYS DWI = .08◦ NYS DWAI = .04-.07◦ Zero Tolerance!!!!!

Consequences◦It is ILLEGAL!!!!!!!!◦It can KILL!!!!!!!

Blood Alcohol Level Affect On Body

0.02 Slight mood changes 0.06 Lowered inhibition, impaired judgment,

decreased rational decision-making abilities. 0.08 Legally drunk, deterioration of reaction

time and control. 0.15 Impaired balance, movement, and

coordination. Difficulty standing, walking, talking.

0.20 Decreased pain and sensation. Erratic emotions.

0.30 Diminished reflexes. Semi-consciousness. 0.40 Loss of consciousness. Very limited

reflexes. Anesthetic effects. 0.50 Death.

Long Term Effects of Long Term Effects of DrinkingDrinking

Nutrition◦Vitamin/Mineral Deficiencies ◦Stomach/Skin Problems◦Loss of Appetite

Brain DamageFatty LiverCirrhosis of the LiverHepatitis

Effects of prolonged alcohol useEffects of prolonged alcohol use

   fat accumulation of the liver, impairing function

 cirrhosis of the liver (scar tissue) brain shrinkage or atrophycancers of the mouth, tongue, stomach,

esophagus

More long term effects of More long term effects of alcoholalcohol

    fetal alcohol syndrome (metal retardation & birth defects)

     family problems, loss of jobs, respect     child & partner neglect & abuse, divorce    alcohol involved in 2/3 of all homicides,

1/3 of all suicides     ½ of all vehicle accidents are alcohol

related as well as many falls, fires, and other accidents

Other dangerous factors Other dangerous factors surrounding alcohol...surrounding alcohol...

Tolerance

Dependence

Multiplier Effect

Alcohol and Pregnancy◦Fetal Alcohol

Syndrome

Illegal DrugsIllegal DrugsChapter 26

Substance Abuse, Dangers, Substance Abuse, Dangers, Consequences, and CostsConsequences, and Costs

Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for NON-medical purposes.

Gateway Drugs = alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants

Overdose: strong or even fatal reaction to a large amount of a drug

TOLERANCE DEPENDENCE

ADDICTION WITHDRAWAL

Consequences of Drug UseConsequences of Drug Use

Tolerance: needing more and more of a drug to get the same effects

Dependence/Addiction: the physical (physiological) and mental (psychological) NEED for a drug.

Withdrawal: severe physical and mental symptoms to stopping drug use; symptoms may include nervousness, insomnia, nausea, headaches, etc.

Costs and RisksCosts and Risks

Negative everyday performance (school, work, home life, and social life)

Undue pressure and stress on bodyLegal issues and troubleSlows physical and mental maturityStress on family and loved ones.Average societal costs = $67 billion

(inc. health, social, and criminal care)Drugs and pregnancies/parenting =

offspring health and mental problems.

Drug Classes Subject to Regulation Drug Classes Subject to Regulation (CSA) (CSA)

Opioids

CNS Depressants

CNS Stimulants

Hallucinogens

Cannabinoids

Anabolic Steroids

Levels of Drug Control

Five Classes or Schedules Under CSA

• Schedule I: • Not approved in the U.S. • High abuse potential (most restrictive)• Special DEA license for research

• Schedules II-V:

• Approved medical use in the U.S. • High (C-II) to limited (C-IV/V) physical or psychological dependence liability

StimulantsStimulantsdrugs that speed up the Central drugs that speed up the Central

Nervous SystemNervous System

Caffeine Nicotine

AmphetaminesMethamphetamine

Cocaine

~ causes increase in HR, Respiratory Rates, BP, dilated pupils and decreased appetite.

Depressants (Sedatives)Depressants (Sedatives)drugs that slow down the Central drugs that slow down the Central

Nervous SystemNervous System

AlcoholBarbituates

TranquilizersMethaqualone (Qualudes)

~ relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension and worry, induce sleep, slows HR, BP, breathing

Narcotics (Opiods)Narcotics (Opiods)drugs derived from the opium plant drugs derived from the opium plant

that have a sedative effectthat have a sedative effect

HeroinOpium

MorphineCodeine

~ causes drowsiness and may result in coma/death, slows breathing, dulls senses

HallucinogensHallucinogensdrugs that alter moods, thoughts, and drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and

sense perceptions, including vision, sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touchhearing, smell, and touch

PCP (Angel Dust)LSD (Acid)Mescaline

~ most deaths occur from accidents as a result of being under the influence…

CannabinoidsCannabinoidsdifferent forms of the Cannabis or different forms of the Cannabis or

Hemp plant containing THCHemp plant containing THC

Short-term physical effects◦Problems w/ memory and learning◦Distorted perception◦Trouble with thinking, problem solving, and

judgement◦Loss of coordination◦Increased HR and anxiety

Long-term physical effects◦Cancers of the lungs, mouth, and esophagus◦Lungs/Airway obstructions◦Lowering of Immune System reliability

Club Drugs (Designer/Look-Club Drugs (Designer/Look-Alike)Alike)

synthetic substances meant to imitate synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of two or more drugsthe effects of two or more drugs

MDMA (Ecstasy)GHB

Rohypnol Ketamine

~ used in “club” situations, most often mixed with alcohol and other drugs producing a synergistic effect

~ also known as “Date-Rape” drugs due to being colorless, odorless, and tasteless

InhalantsInhalantssubstances with breathable fumes that substances with breathable fumes that

are sniffed and inhaled to give a are sniffed and inhaled to give a hallucinogenic highhallucinogenic high

Short-term effects:◦Depresses the CNS◦Nausea, sneezing,

coughing, nosebleeds◦Fatigue◦Loss of appetite◦Lack of coordination◦Dull of perception and

senses

Long-term effects:◦Liver damage◦Kidney damage◦Permanent brain

damage◦Hearing loss◦Limb spasms◦Change in bone

marrow (blood cells)◦Blood O2 depletion

~ one time use can result in coma, suffocation, or vegetative state

Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroidssynthetic derivatives of the male hormone, synthetic derivatives of the male hormone,

testosteronetestosterone

Side Effects (MALE)◦Increased breast size◦Decreased testicle

size◦Decreased sperm

count◦Depression

Side Effects (FEMALE)◦Decreased breast size◦Deepening of voice◦Widening of jaw◦Increased facial/body

hair

Side Effects (Both)•Acne

•Patterned balding•High BP, HR

•Heart Disease and Strokes•Mood Swings and Abnormal Violence (“Roid Rage”)

•Liver Damage

Alcohol, Tobacco, Other Alcohol, Tobacco, Other DrugsDrugs

Review Review (I.e. Words you need to know)(I.e. Words you need to know)

EthanolFermentationIntoxicationMetabolismDWAIDWICirrhosis Multiplier EffectFetal Alcohol

SyndromeBinge DrinkingInhalantsEnabling

NicotineCarcinogenChronic BronchitisEmphysemaSecondhand SmokeSubstance AbuseGateway DrugsOverdoseToleranceDependenceWithdrawalInterventionCOPDCodependency

AddictionCSA 1970StimulantsCaffeineEuphoriaParanoiaTranquilizersHeroinMescalineMDMAAnabolic SteroidsMorphineDesigner/Look-AlikeDate-Rape Drugs