today: food. updated class schedule: week of 4/4 grizzly bears and nutrition week of 4/11 sensing...
TRANSCRIPT
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Today: FoodToday: Food
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Updated Class Schedule:Week of 4/4 Grizzly Bears and NutritionWeek of 4/11 Sensing and Responding...
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HumansBears
Both humans and grizzly bears are omnivores.Our digestive systems can tell us about our ancestors.
Fig 41.19
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During digestion complex molecules are broken down and then used to build needed molecules and to produce energy
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Animals take in complex molecules from the environment for energy production
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Animal digestion occurs outside of our cells.
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animal and fungal digestion occurs outside of our cells.
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Physical digestion:liquefying of food
Chemical digestion:breaking large moleculesinto small molecules
CB 41.13
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Amylasein mouth
Chewing and adding saliva begins the process of liquification
Amylase begins the chemical digestion of carbs
Cb 41.11
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The primary function of the stomach is food storage
CB 41.10
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Pepsinin stomach
Pepsin begins the chemical digestion of proteins.
In the stomach liquification continues.
CB 41.12
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The Digestive System
CB 41.10
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Most chemical digestion occurs in the first part of the small intestine
CB 41.15
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The small intestine has a large surface area to aid in absorbption of nutrients
CB 41.15
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Absorptionin the SmallIntestine
CB 41.15
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The Digestive System
CB 41.10
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CB 41.11
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HumansBears
Both humans and grizzly bears are omnivores.Our digestive systems can tell us about our ancestors.
CB41.19
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Chimps commonly hunt small animals including other smaller primates.Hunting encourages cooperative behavior and may help produce more cohesive and advanced societies.
http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~stanford/chimphunt.html
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Percent of resting metabolic rate needed for brain (adults):Human = 20-25%Other primates = 8-10%Nonprimate mammals = 3-5%
Leonard WR, Robertson ML. 1994. Evolutionary perspectives on human nutrition: the influence of brain and body size on diet and metabolism. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 6:77–88
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Table 2 Annual Review of Nutrition Vol. 27: 311-327 Effects of Brain Evolution on Human Nutrition and Metabolism
Brain size, body size, and molar (grinding) tooth area
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Food Web
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Ecological Interconnections
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CB54.11
Producers and Consumers
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CB54.11
Higher consumers are usually larger and fewer in number than lower consumers
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CB 55.10
Energy is lost in each consumer
1000
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CB 55.10
1000
Energy is lost as it is consumed: where does it go?
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only a small percent of energy from plants enters the food chain
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CB 55.9only a small percent of energy is stored in organism
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CB 55.10
Energy is lost in each consumer: the 10% rule
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In the U.S. we eat an avg. of ~2800 Cal/dayWe produce ~3774 Cal/person/day
So we waste over 25% of the food we produce
http://www.boingboing.net/2010/08/03/theres-more-energy-i.html
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In the U.S. we eat an avg. of ~2800 Cal/dayWe produce ~3774 Cal/person/daySo we waste over 25% of the food we produce
8,080,000,000,000,000 btu to produce our food (quadrillion)2,030,000,000,000,000 btu of this energy is wasted
Wasted Food, Wasted Energy: The Embedded Energy in Food Waste in the United States. Amanda D. Cullar, Michael E. Webber (2010) Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es100310d
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In the U.S. we eat an avg. of ~2800 Cal/dayWe produce ~3774 Cal/person/daySo we waste over 25% of the food we produce
8,080,000,000,000,000 btu to produce our food 2,030,000,000,000,000 btu of this energy is wasted= ~2% of total U.S. energy production
Wasted Food, Wasted Energy: The Embedded Energy in Food Waste in the United States. Amanda D. Cullar, Michael E. Webber (2010) Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/es100310d
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CB 55.10
Energy is lost in each consumer: the 10% rule
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Human impact:
As consumers
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Use of agriculture in the U.S.About 1/2 of water and ~80% of agricultural land is used for raising animals.
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Fossil Fuels:Producing beef consumes over 100 times more fossil fuel than producing potatoes.The typical American could save almost as much gas by going vegetarian as by not driving.
http://bicycleuniverse.info/transpo/beef.html
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Updated Class Schedule:Week of 4/4 Grizzly Bears and NutritionWeek of 4/11 Sensing and Responding...