Today’s Lesson 3/30/2015

• Journal Prompt: Psychological Disorders• Notes re: – DSM V – Labeling

Journal Prompt 3/30/15

• Content Standard 1: Perspectives on abnormal behavior

• 1.1 Define psychologically abnormal behavior.

• What is a Psychological Disorder?

• What is the DSM 5?

Today’s Lesson 4/1• Journal Prompt: What do you fear? • Notes: Anxiety disorders• FRQ Review• Homework:

– Psych Sim Schizophrenia– Personality disorders packet with journal prompt “A Day in the Life” Be

sure to identify which personality disorder you are describing. • For Planning:

– Exam April 15, Chapters 14 & 15. Multiple choice only. (We will have an extended journal entry FRQ.)

– Journals and Vocabulary also due 4/15.– AP Study session 4/25 Saturday 8:30 to 11:30. – Full practice exam 4/29 for ALL STUDENTS, quiz grade.

Journal Prompt 4/1/2015

• 2.3 Describe symptoms and causes of major categories of psychological disorders (including schizophrenic, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders)

Prompt: p. 603-605Write down three things you fear. Read Understanding Anxiety disorders. Which of your fears may have an biological explanation? Which fears may have been learned by conditioning or observational learning?

your phobias illustrated

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Phobias

Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts

behavior.

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Psychological Disorders

To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal.

William James (1842-1910)

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Anxiety Disorders

Feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

1. Generalized anxiety disorder

2. Panic disorder3. Phobias4. Obsessive-compulsive

disorder5. Post-traumatic stress

disorder

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

1. Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension.

2. Autonomic arousal.

3. Inability to identify or avoid the cause of certain feelings.

Symptoms

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Panic Disorder

Minutes-long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror,

chest pains, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Anxiety is a component of both disorders. It occurs more in the panic disorder,

making people avoid situations that cause it.

Symptoms

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Phobias

Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts

behavior.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions) that

cause distress.

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A PET scan of the brain of a person with

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

(OCD). High metabolic activity (red) in the frontal

lobe areas are involved with

directing attention.

Brain Imaging

Brain image of an OCD

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic

stress disorder (PTSD):

1. Haunting memories2. Nightmares

3. Social withdrawal4. Jumpy anxiety5. Sleep problems

Bettm

ann/ Corbis

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Resilience to PTSD

Only about 10% of women and 20% of men react to traumatic situations and

develop PTSD.

Holocaust survivors show remarkable resilience against traumatic situations.

All major religions of the world suggest that surviving a trauma leads to the

growth of an individual.

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Explaining Anxiety Disorders

Freud suggested that we repress our painful and intolerable ideas, feelings,

and thoughts, resulting in anxiety.

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The Learning Perspective

Learning theorists suggest that fear

conditioning leads to anxiety. This

anxiety then becomes associated with other objects or events (stimulus generalization) and

is reinforced.

John Coletti/ Stock, Boston

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The Learning Perspective

Investigators believe that fear responses are inculcated through observational learning. Young monkeys develop fear

when they watch other monkeys who are afraid of snakes.

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The Biological Perspective

Natural Selection has led our ancestors to learn to fear snakes, spiders, and other animals. Therefore, fear preserves the

species.

Twin studies suggest that our genes may be partly responsible for developing fears

and anxiety. Twins are more likely to share phobias.

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The Biological Perspective

Generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and

even OCD are linked with brain circuits like the

anterior cingulate cortex.

Anterior Cingulate Cortexof an OCD patient.

S. Ursu, V.A. Stenger, M

.K. Shear, M.R. Jones, &

C.S. Carter (2003). Overactive action

monitoring in obsessive-com

pulsive disorder. Psychological Science, 14, 347-353.

Today’s Lesson 4/6/2015

• 2 Journal prompts on Depression. • Notes: Depression; Schizophrenia• Discussion Question: Schizophrenia &

“Multiple Personality Disorder” • Psych Sim on Schizophrenia is due today.

4/6 Journal prompt #1 Biological perspective on depression.

2.3 Describe symptoms and causes of major categories of psychological disorders (including schizophrenic, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders.)

p. 617-618Researchers are gaining insight into depression by studying brain activity and neurotransmitters of people in depressive states. 1) Describe three findings about brain activity in depression. 2) Describe two findings about neurotransmitters in depression.

Image Source: http://www.namcp.org/Md_Resource_Centers/depression/cause.html

4/6 Journal prompt # 2 Social Cognitive Perspective on Depression

2.4 Evaluate how different factors influence an individual’s experience of psychological disorders.

Explanatory StylesAs I read a series of individual words, pause for a few seconds to think of a past experience you associate with the word.

Depression and Memory

• Ice• Wood• Letter• House• Race• Sign• Meeting• Travel• Machine

Depression and Memory

• Tally the total number of pleasant and unpleasant experiences you recalled

• When we are depressed, we remember more unpleasant than pleasant events.

• Copy the graphic on explanatory styles.

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Negative Thoughts and Moods

Explanatory style plays a major role in becoming depressed.

Discussion Questions

• People unfamiliar with the study of abnormal behavior sometimes confuse “multiple personality” with schizophrenia. How would you explain the differences?

• In what ways do personality disorders differ from other psychological disorders? In what ways are they similar?

Today’s Lesson 4/10

• Journal Prompt: Predictors for psychological Disorders

• Begin Chapter 15 Therapy– The Psychological Therapies

Journal Prompt: 4/10

2.4 Evaluate how different factors influence an individual’s experience of psychological disorders

• P. 631-632a) What is the connection

between psychological disorders and poverty?

b) Which psychological disorders are often recognized in childhood?

c) At what time of life do most disorders strike? Give examples.

http://parentingtheatriskchild.com/ASP.html

Today’s Lesson 4/13

• Journal Prompt: Effectiveness of therapy• Biomedical therapies• Test Next Class: Chapters 14 & 15• Journal and vocabulary are also due.

Journal Prompt: 4/13

p. 653-6551) Explain two ways clients’

and therapists’ perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy are vulnerable to inflation.

2) What are the conclusions of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of therapy?

2.4 Evaluate the efficacy of treatments for particular disorders