toefl speaking

1

T O E F L S P E A K I N G

ADVANCED

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5th Edition

Table of Contents

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śʂŔǱľǙ� �

ŔǱĪľ� �

ȐɑćÅ� �

ǱȐĪľ� �

ŔǱǤw� �

ƵÅʉʚ� �

�ÅǔÛb˂� �

×�ŔÅȍʥ� �

ƵÅȎ®� �

˅ȭƵé� �

˅p�Å��b˂� �

ʶôɞǠc�ǖ�ȬȐ� ��

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vīʂº�Ȳ� ��

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šƧtńD� ��

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3

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I can be reached by using the following:

Public Mailbox: [email protected]/ps:123456This is where you can find most of our course materials, including audio files for the integrated questions, practice questions, useful books, TOEFL exam related softwares, and many other materials that are contributed by others just like you. And you are welcomed to add anything to it to help your fellow students!

Email: [email protected] is the fastest and easiest way to get in touch with me. You can also send your sample response or, even better, your recordings, via email so I can take a look at them for you.

��: �speakingThis is where I post lots of materials that are related to TOEFL exam, English learning tip, but most of all, fun stuff that I’d like to share with people. It’s also a great gateway for you to find many of the fabulous teachers at New Oriental from my “follow” list.

4

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

śʂŔǱľǙ

➡ ŔǱĪľ

ȞËśʂŔǱƢ�ʕɾpǱƤɊơʂȦÃɶʂ<ɁʕɶʂôĤĕ�Ǆá«YŕĕɢŇǠɞȩ�ɞǠɶʂśʂc�ǵŵ}¬=ʕśʂŔǱjÅCŔǠɘɧÝŌÛǌŃ

Ů<ɈʊČŅ�ɞǶɔkźȏ��ÜʹĉȐɹɶʂc�˅Ğ�í =ʕʦÛŔǱʶCŔǠŖɯġ[ġeʕĐ�ǤːȦmŔ=ʕƀ�śʂȐCŔǠĒɼĪ˂WǤ

Ĩ=ŔǠȘöƌŗÇĐ�ȬȐCĐ�ĒXġƄȹŤe�ǿ�ŔǱʶɏ=ˀɩ�ƵÅǌʋĒ°ŔǠ�Đ��Å=

➡ ȐɑćÅ

! Independent Tasks ªűǍȱȐ

1. Speaking (Free-choice response)

2. Speaking (Paired-choice response)

! Integrated Tasks Part I ˆûǍȱȐ�ɪjÅ

3. Reading--Listening (Campus-life related)--Speaking

4. Reading--Listening (Academic related)--Speaking

! Integrated Tasks Part II ˆûǍȱȐ�·jÅ

5. Listening (Campus-life related)--Speaking

6. Listening (Academic related)--Speaking

5

➡ ǱȐĪľ

Task Type Task Description

1. Personal Preference Important people or places; event or activities; favorite movies, food, books, etc.

2. Choice Personal choice between two contrasting behaviors or courses of action. (watch movies at home or in the theater?)

3. Campus Situation: Fit and Explain

• A notice or announcement (75~100 words) Presents a campus related issue• A listening passage (150~180 words) commenting on the issue• Test takers are asked to summarize the speaker’s opinion within the context of the notice or announcement

4. L e c t u r e : G e n e r a l /Specific

• A reading passage broadly defines a term, process, or idea from an academic subject.• Part of a lecture (150~220 words) provides examples and specific information to illustrate the term, process or idea from the reading passage

5. Campus Situation: Problem/Solution

• The listening passage (180~220 words) is a conversation about a student-related problem and two possible solutions.• Demonstrate understanding of the problem and to express an opinion about solving the problem

6. Lecture: Summary • Part of a lecture (230~280 words) that explains a term or concept and gives concrete example to illustrate it.• Summarize the lecture and demonstrate an understanding of how the examples relate to the overall topic.

6

➡ ŔǱǤw�

«Ȫʞ ȕkź ˂W�Ȑ �Ȑ

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

N / A N / A 1 5 4 5

N / A N / A 1 5 4 5

4 5 0 : 5 0 ~ 0 : 6 0 3 0 6 0

4 5 1 : 2 0 ~ 1 : 5 0 3 0 6 0

N / A 1 : 0 0 ~ 1 : 3 0 2 0 6 0

N / A 2 : 0 0 ~ 2 : 2 0 2 0 6 0

�śʂjÅŔǱɹǤʏ �Åʷ��ƸʶŔǠ�ȐǤĨȦ�Åʷ��ƙ

7

ƵÅʉʚ

➡ �ÅǔÛb˂

1. Delivery: ✓ How clearly do you speak English (good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural initiation patterns). ✓� ŔǠ�ɶȪc�ƪŲCʢūSŢŹƫ�¸ɵƪŲCʂȁǮÈûǯCčɼ°ʂ£Cʺɵ

�Ŕs=

2. Language Use: ✓ How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas.✓ ŔǠ°ʂɣ�ħʇƪŲCƪiƪèɹûǯ��ēúŎǪc�˅Ğ=

3. Topic Development: ✓ How fully you answer the questions and how coherently you present your ideas.✓ ŔǱǮÈƪèǇƗ�Đ�ȬȐCĐ�ö}ʶƈĘǮÈǀȴCʂɛɼƑɼ£ũ=

➡ ×�ŔÅȍʥ

×ÅĐ�ȍ �ÅĐ�ȍ

ʂȁĵŞCñʚCɐȵ�ˊ ʂȁĎƎiñʚĕʡöŞCǈ¹ɐȵ

ſůː�CȮwɾǔƙ�Ȗ±CĻJǘ iſůiŴïCɼ³�ƛȼȖ±CĨÚw

í ɼōȑũɻúȸĺ�ʩ�CɼʝŒ ɼƇ CƑƇŌCũɻȸĺi�Å

ƪǀȴ�ˁǷìĬɐȵúɀìȸĺ ɬƁìĬɐȵCɼɡʺ�ũļ�Ȳ

ɼʦȑÖCɼûǯ�Ŵĸ�CƈĘǀȴ Ŵ�ƑɼCŎ˄ʫĨƑìųCɁ�ƣǻƣ

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ɝ�żĔǯ� ɹ�ʺÎC¹Ȩ

ʂ£ɼƹÉCĺˈø ʂ£ƑɼƹÉCÒȖ±�ǤÿiȖ

8

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Đ�ɼ˅ɐCǟɵþŸ ǈ¹˅ɐCɇǟCÂiŒ

➡ ƵÅȎ®

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Åǹ Delivery Language Use Topic Development

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9

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10

ˆûǍȱ�A�ǔ<ǽ<ȯ<ƀȐBˆûǍȱ�A�ǔ<ǽ<ȯ<ƀȐBˆûǍȱ�A�ǔ<ǽ<ȯ<ƀȐBˆûǍȱ�A�ǔ<ǽ<ȯ<ƀȐB

Åǹ Delivery Language Use Topic Development

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11

➡ ˅ȭƵé

ˏŰȐ�ǤÿɧŃvȏɓ˅ĞǮÈˏ�Źɪȹĝ

✓�ȐƢɧǃ�¦ȳǻǇƗŹƋE✓�¸ɵǀ�ƋE✓�ȭ�ʂ£ɼƑɼƹÉE✓�ʂºɼƑɼ�ȲAŎɑúǤȊBE✓�ȭɹ��ē˂ǉCƺ�ƋE✓�Đ��ǼƃĻçǀȴƋE✓�ȭ�Đ�ǇƗƋE✓�ȭ°ǤĨ�ŚʴʛƐɦE

ƵéĻǸĀCɁɪɁ˅Ğƣɪ ˏ�iũɁCˏ�ÓŁCʔƄɪaɎĐ�CÞʫƻ

�ˏZĵCȬȬ˅ĞǮÈčɘɧĢɜÓŁ=

➡ ˅p�Å��b˂

4

Answer to question The student answers the question throughly

4

Comprehensibility The student can be understood clearly

4

Organization The response is well organized and developed

4Fluency The speech is generally fluent

4Pronunciation The student generally has good pronunciation

4

Grammar The student uses advanced grammatical structure with a high degree of accuracy

4

Vocabulary The student uses advanced grammatical structure with a high degree of accuracy

Excellent→4 / Good→3 / Fair→2 / Pass→1 / Fail→0

12

ďȃ¿º

ˇÅ śʂ�Å

25-28 3.5-4

20-24 3-3.4

14-19 2.0-2.9

5-13 1.0-1.9

5-0 1.0-0

13

ʶôɞǠc�ǖ�ȬȐ

➡ ¸ɵŵȶ

� w«ɵ

[ u ] fu l l look book

[ u ː ] fool loo boo

[ i ] b ig l ip zip l ive r ich

[ i ː ] beat leap zee leave reach

Ǻʈɵ

[ e i ]

[ a i ]

[ ɔ i ]

[ a ʊ ]

hey day age stay play way

I eye rice ice like life

boy toy enjoy choice oil point

out now hour how about found

� iø«�Ìɵ

[ v ]

[ w ]

[ θ ]

[ ð ]

[ l ]

[ s ]

vote voice very above seven five

we week water work woman why

think thin both month health tooth

these this mother brother other the

child smile file ill will bell

nice likes books notice stress is

14

➡ ʺɵúʒƅ

� �ʺɵ

p h o t o g r a p h

p h o t o g r a p h y

p h o t o g r a p h i c

c o m p e t e

c o m p e t i t i o n

c o m p e t i t o r

a p p l y

a p p l i c a t i o n

a p p l i c a n t

�ʒƅ

4

with some words they have already known:

(a) me cha nic(b) en gi neer(c) ma na ger(d) pho to gra pher

Give the students as much time as they need forthey have to apply their knowledge of the basicemphasis pattern. Allow some discussion beforegiving the answer. Here is the answer:

(a)me cha nic � � � A PAper.

(b)en gi neer � � � He can READ.

(c)ma na ger � � � HERE you are.

(d)pho to gra pher � � � � � ��

Stage 3: Recognizing the stress-timed rhythmin English

At this stage, we require the students todifferentiate the Chinese rhythm from Englishrhythm. Have the students work in small groups.Look at the following pictures carefully. Can theytell which of the following illustrations representsEnglish rhythm? Picture (A) or (B)?

Picture (A)

Pronunciation is important.

Picture(B)


�� !�!�� !�� !!( �fourth edition of Manual of AmericanEnglish Pronunciation , 1985)

In picture (A), the rhythm is represented by acombination of adults and children, holding handin hand. In picture (B), the rhythm is consisted ofsoldiers marching along the road. Clearly, theanswer is (A). All of the students can get it rightwith the knowledge acquired from the abovetwo-stage instruction. Yes, in picture (A), adultsrepresent stressed syllables, and childrenunstressed syllables. Together they make up theEnglish rhythm; however, in picture (B), soldiersrepresent syllables which fails to tell whichsyllables are stressed and which are not.

As a final reminder, we also give a briefinstruction of the stress-timed rhythm in English toconclude the lesson. We teach the students that,conventionally, the rhythm of English is classifiedas stress-timed, which has one beat per stress word.However, Chinese tends to be syllable-timed, withalmost one beat per syllable.

Conclusion

��!�� !�� #�� !��!� &��"�!� �� $��benefit from conscious attention to the features of �� %!��'��!��we teach our students through a three-phaseinstruction to help them develop sensitivity toEnglish rhythm. The three-phase instructionincludes a discovery process of the nature ofEnglish rhythm, the three physical features ofEnglish rhythm, and the recognition of thestress-timed rhythm in English. The suggestedaural, visual, and kinesthetic teaching techniques

me cha nichigh_____________________________medium________cha_______________low_____me_____________nic_______

en gi neerhigh_____________________________medium_________________________low______________________________

ma na gerhigh_____________________________medium__________________________low______________________________

pho to gra pherhigh_____________________________medium__________________________low______________________________

4










Picture (A)


Picture(B)





Conclusion


4










Picture (A)


Picture(B)





Conclusion


✓

✗� Ŵ«

15

�Ìɵ�ʈɵ

as it is, half an hour, my pen’s out of ink, not at all, first of all, once in a week, rush hour, travel agent, pull over, start over, one out of five, good enough, in addition

�ʈɵ�ʈɵ

hurry up, just do it, see us, I am, he is, study English, carry it, three hours, too easy

�Ė�ƿÌɵ[h]tell him, show him, sell her a book, my sister’s house, give her, inform him

�ǢǆVƶ

sit down, get ready, that child, set to, get back, independent task

✍

✍

✍

✍

16

➡ vīʂº�Ȳ

� >ȇ?�>Ȉ?iÅ

✕ My sister is a teacher, he teaches high school English✓ My sister is a teacher, she teaches high school English

�ǔǌ{�ǹ

✕ He like going to the movies.✓ He likes going to the movies.

� ǤȊ

✕ I take my wife out for dinner last night.✓ I took my wife out for dinner last night.✕ If I have a million dollars, I will travel the entire world.✓ If I had a million dollars, I will travel the entire world.

☺ She is his wife, he is her husband.

☹ He is his wife, she is her husband.

17

TASK 1

➡ Ȑɑ

• Characteristic• Describe

➡ ĉȐÅŨ

P.O.P.E: People, Object, Place, Even

TeacherFamily members Public figureSuccessful personCelebrityFictional characterSomeone you’d like to meet

Things that you:LikeDislike Are interest inUse very oftenLive withWork withPlay withStudy withEntertain withPets and animal

CityCountry Tourist spotLandmark Place in the cityPlace at homePlace at schoolPlace to eat/shop/livePublic domain

MemoryFestival HolidayKey point in life PartyGraduationFamily activitySportHobbyHistorical momentCurrent news

ɔÙȍ

ɺɗƳʵƫ³�Ǥÿʃ�ȇ

ʕƣʃ�ȇƧȣ�ǭĭ

ȇ�àːǚĒåȾ

ʯ�ȭƔɞȶ��¿

vɹǦɹ�

øɹ�]iŖǘ�

ȟíâɉƱQȭƔ�ǤĨ

�ũȩʳ

ǚĒĦʯŮǨĦʯ

âɉʕƤūˏɊǥƐ

ÛǌġɲƤū�ʁʻiș

ʪƜ�ŮǨǭĭ

˂WǌǠiɹĹ®

�ġɲCµǤCɈʊCàːCǚĒ

ŹļĺǏʶ�ȶȀ

ɚǭȐ �ǤĨC

� CǌȰCǭĭCÖɁ=

172

TOEFL iBT Speaking

Example The following sample question consists of an announcement of a university’sdecision to increase tuition and a discussion between students about whether theincrease is justified. This example shows how a question of this type will be pre-sented to you on your computer.

You will hear:

NarratorIn this question you will read a short passage about a campus situation and then listento a talk on the same topic. You will then answer a question using information fromboth the reading passage and the talk. After you hear the question, you will have 30seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.

Then you will hear this:

NarratorCity University is planning to increase tuition and fees. Read the announcement aboutthe increase from the president of City University.

You will have 45 seconds to read the announcement. Begin reading now.

Announcement from the President

The university has decided to increase tuition and fees for all students by approxi-mately 8% next semester. For the past 5 years, the tuition and fees have remainedthe same, but it is necessary to increase them now for several reasons. The univer-sity has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire addi-tional professors to teach these students. We have also made a new commitment toresearch and technology and will be renovating and upgrading our laboratory facil-ities to better meet our students’ needs.

18

➡ ŰȐ

➡ ŵȶ¿º

Tip

Make a list of familiar topics, and practice speaking about them. You may want tobegin by describing a familiar place or recounting a personal experience.

This question will always ask you both to describe something (for example, animportant event, a favorite activity, an influential person) and to give reasons—to explain why the event was important, why the activity is one of your favorites,how the person influenced you, etc. Be sure to respond to all parts of the ques-tion. Your response should include specific details and/or examples because theywill make your description informative and your reasons comprehensible.

Tip

When giving descriptions, try to avoid presenting long lists since this will reduce thetime you have available to elaborate on the rest of your response.

After you are presented with the question, you will have 15 seconds to preparean answer. You may want to jot down a few brief notes about what you will wantto say, but you should not try to write out a full and complete answer. There willnot be enough time for you to do that, and raters want to know how well you canspeak in response to a question, not how well you can read aloud from somethingyou have written. If you do jot down notes during the preparation time, youshould not rely on them too much in giving your answer.

The question will be read aloud by a narrator and will remain on the screenthroughout the time you are giving your response.

Example The following example shows how a question of this type will appear on yourcomputer screen.

1. Choose a teacher you admire and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.

167

TOEFL iBT Speaking

Preparation Time: 15 SecondsResponse Time: 45 Seconds

You will be told when to begin to prepare your response and when to beginspeaking. After the question is read, a “Preparation Time” clock will appear belowthe question and begin to count down from 15 seconds (00:00:15). At the end of15 seconds you will hear a short beep. After the beep, the clock will change toread “Response Time” and will begin to count down from 45 seconds (00:00:45).When the response time has ended, recording will stop and a new screen willappear alerting you that the response time has ended.

! ��

! ��

Tip

Make a list of familiar topics, and practice speaking about them. You may want tobegin by describing a familiar place or recounting a personal experience.

This question will always ask you both to describe something (for example, animportant event, a favorite activity, an influential person) and to give reasons—to explain why the event was important, why the activity is one of your favorites,how the person influenced you, etc. Be sure to respond to all parts of the ques-tion. Your response should include specific details and/or examples because theywill make your description informative and your reasons comprehensible.

Tip

When giving descriptions, try to avoid presenting long lists since this will reduce thetime you have available to elaborate on the rest of your response.

After you are presented with the question, you will have 15 seconds to preparean answer. You may want to jot down a few brief notes about what you will wantto say, but you should not try to write out a full and complete answer. There willnot be enough time for you to do that, and raters want to know how well you canspeak in response to a question, not how well you can read aloud from somethingyou have written. If you do jot down notes during the preparation time, youshould not rely on them too much in giving your answer.

The question will be read aloud by a narrator and will remain on the screenthroughout the time you are giving your response.

Example The following example shows how a question of this type will appear on yourcomputer screen.

1. Choose a teacher you admire and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.

167

TOEFL iBT Speaking

Preparation Time: 15 SecondsResponse Time: 45 Seconds

You will be told when to begin to prepare your response and when to beginspeaking. After the question is read, a “Preparation Time” clock will appear belowthe question and begin to count down from 15 seconds (00:00:15). At the end of15 seconds you will hear a short beep. After the beep, the clock will change toread “Response Time” and will begin to count down from 45 seconds (00:00:45).When the response time has ended, recording will stop and a new screen willappear alerting you that the response time has ended.

17

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T: Mr WangS: 1 positive Always smile, sees good in us 2 devoted Well prepared for class

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I admire my high school math teacher Mr. Wang for two reasons. First of all, he is a very positive person. There is always a big smile on his face. Second, he is fully devoted to students. We never fail to find him during his office hour, and he can answer our questions throughly every single time.

First reason is, second, thatʼs why

19

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➡ Person

1. Describe a family member that means the most to you, please give examples and details in your explanation.

20

✎• My mom• Good listener

attention, encourage• Well mannered

Threat others well, role model

Answer: My mother is the family member that means the most to me for two reasons. First, she is a good listener who always pays attention to what I have to say, that makes her the person who knows me the best in the family. And also, she has a good manner. I’ve learned from her how to treat others around me with dignity and respect since I was young, thanks to her I made many good friends in my life. That’s why my mom means the most to me in my family.

✎

2. What is the most important characteristics a good teacher must have, please give examples and details in your explanation.

✎• Patient

Over and over again• Creative

Fun lesson plan and project

Answer: The most important characteristics a good teacher must have are patient and creativity. Only when a teacher is patient, can he take the time to explain something to students over and over again, it also takes some patient to introduce new ideas to students and explain them in details. Creativity is also very important, because to be a great teacher, you have to be ready to develop custom, creative lesson plans and projects, so students can be interested in what you teach.

21

✎

3. Describe a good quality of a friend, give examples and details in you explanation.

✎• Good friend• Honest

accura te p ic tu re , things go wrong

• SupportiveKnows me well, won’t drag me down

Answer: A good friend is some one who’s honest and supportive of me and my goals. First, A good friend always tries to be clear about his intentions. This means that he tries to present an accurate picture of different situations. When something doesn't seem right, he will let me know. Also, A really good friend knows me well and is willing to help me become the person I want to be. They won't try to change who I am or drag me into situations that make me uncomfortable.

✎

➡ Object (tangible, intangible)

1. Describe a book that you believe is the most useful to you, give examples and details in your explanation.

22

✎• Encyclopedia • Wild range

American history, history section

• Handy Population of India, quick reference

Answer: The most useful book to me is encyclopedia. First of all, It contains a wide range of knowledges covering almost every field. For example, when I want to know about American History, I can just turn to the history chapter for help. Second, it can be super handy when I need to check some quick facts for my paper. For example, when I have to mention the population of India in my Geography essay, I can easily find it in the book, which saves me tons of time so I can focus on my assignment.

✎

2. Q: What game do you enjoy playing? Describe the game and explain why you like to play it.

✎• Monopoly • Classic game

1933, Billions of player• Surprise

Real life like • Fun

Close friendsLaughter

Answer: The game I enjoy playing the most is Monopoly. It is a turn based board game, the goal of the game is to bankrupt other players and gain as much wealth as possible. The first reason I like playing this game is that this is such a classic game, since its introduction in 1933, it is played by more than a billion people all over the world and has been popular ever since. The second reason is the element of surprise. Very much like when you have your highs and lows in real life, you never know what youʼll get till the dices stop rolling. Finally, playing the game with my close friends can be so exciting, we would poke fun at each other and the laughter lasts for hours.

23

✎

3. Which subject do you want to learn more about? Please give examples and details in your explanation

✎• Geology • Understanding of eco system

Earth quakeSnow storm

• Travel Appreciate wildernessMeaningful adventure

• More to talk about

Answer: For me, the subject I want to learn more about is Geology. One reason is by learning Geology I can get a better understanding of how everything works in our eco system on earth. For example, what causes earth quake, and how snow storms form. Another reason is I travel a lot. With more knowledge of the power of nature, I can appreciate the wilderness even more. And that will make everyone of my adventure more meaningful and enjoyable, also I have more to talk about with my friends when we explore our natural world. That is why I find Geology fascinating and would like to learn more about it.

✎

4. What is the most important gift that you have ever received? Please give examples and details in your explanation

24

✎• Camera from dad • What kind, when

Olympus, high school• How it changed me

Begin learningArt school later on

• Importance Most specialMemories

Answer: The most important gift I have ever received is a film camera from my dad. I got it in the first year of my junior high school. It was an Olympus OM10 film camera. I took it everywhere with me to take pictures of whatʼs interesting in my life. It is how I learned to find beauty in the most unlikely places. Many years later I went to art school and became a photographer. I have handled countless different camera equipments though out the years, but the old Olympus OM10 had always remain the most special to me. Not only because it was my first camera ever, it also brings back many treasures in my memory. I thank my dad for giving me that camera till this very day, and this camera is the single most important gift I have ever received in my life.

✎

5. What is a skill you do not have but would like to learn? Please give examples and details in your explanation

✎• Playing piano• Dream

Sounds goodBest instrumentPiano CDs

• Before/ after Can’t afford one beforeCan afford one now

• Wife can teach me

Answer: The skill I donʼt have but would like to learn the most is playing the piano. First of all, I have always wanted to learn playing an instrument since I was a kid, and the piano is my favorite instrument. I love the sound of it and I think it is the most capable instrument to express complex human emotions. I have a large piano CD collection that I listen to almost every day. Second, my family couldn’t afford a piano nor had the room for one when I was young. But since I am more successful now, I finally have the time and money to buy one and learn how to play it.

25

✎

6. Q: What kind of reading material such as novels, magazines, or poetry do you mostly like to read and why?

✎• Magazine • visual

Photograph, keep them

• Page layout Fun to read

• Help my school workInspiration

Answer: I enjoy reading magazines the most. First of all, magazines are visually intriguing. I find the all the photographs in the magazines amazing to look at. And when I see a photograph that I love, I can take that page out and put it in my scrap book. Second reason I like reading magazines is that they have the most interesting page layouts comparing to other books. That makes magazines fun to read. Finally, I am studying Advertising in school. There are countless high quality advertisements in the magazines, some people may find them annoying, but they work perfectly for me, I can get many inspirations from them.

✎

7. What is your favorite book, please give details and example in your response.

26

Answer: Harry Potter is the book that’s pretty important to me. First of all, it’s the first book I’ve read in English. I had a great time learning English from it because the story is fun to read. I get bored easily reading my English text books, and usually fall asleep within half an hour. But when I read HP, I can go all day long. Second, the book taught me what true friendship is. For example, Ron never gives up on Harry or abandons him no matter how difficult the situation gets, and they can trust each other with their lives. I wish I have a friend like that in my life.

Answer: Harry Potter is the book that’s pretty important to me. First of all, it’s the first book I’ve read in English. I had a great time learning English from it because the story is fun to read. I get bored easily reading my English text books, and usually fall asleep within half an hour. But when I read HP, I can go all day long. Second, the book taught me what true friendship is. For example, Ron never gives up on Harry or abandons him no matter how difficult the situation gets, and they can trust each other with their lives. I wish I have a friend like that in my life.

✎

8. What characteristics of a house or an apartment do you think are the most important? Please include specific example and details in your explanation.

✎• Roomy

L i v i n g r o o m , kitchen, bathroom

• Location Grocery store, bus station, train or subway station

Answer: First, a decent apartment or house should be big enough for all my needs. For example, the living room’s large enough so I can invite all my friends over to party. The kitchen’s nice and big and have all the space I need to enjoy cooking. The bathroom’s large enough to fit a bathtub so I can take a warm bath before going to bed. Also, the location is pretty important as well. It’d be great if there’s a grocery store near by where I can buy food. It’s a big plus if there’s a subway station or bus station nearby so I don’t have to walk too far every morning like I do now.

27

✎

➡ Place

1. Choose a place you go to often that is important to you and explain why it is important.

A: The zoo is a place I go to often that is important to me for a couple of reasons. First of all, I love to learn about animals and nature. I find all the animals fascinating to look at, and I get to learn new knowledge about them each time I visit the zoo. There are these tags in front of all the display about the animal inside, I like the fact that I can study the animal while being able to look at them up close. Itʼs way better than reading about them from text books. Secondly, I like to take pictures of the animals. For example, monkeys are almost as expressive as us human, If you pay attention, you can see many emotions on their face. Be it happy, anger, bored or excited. I took many good pictures of monkey and will never get tired of taking more.

✎

2. What country would you like to visit? Choose one and explain why

A: The country I would like to visit the most is Italy. First reason would be the Arts. In Italy one can find more than half of the works of art and sights of the entire world. They are also extremely varied, as they are expression of various historical eras, covering 2,800 years. Second reason is to see all the townships.

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The Italian civilization was the first to stress the importance of cities. No other country in the world has so many towns, so different, so rich in art and history, and so beautiful. And finally, I am a huge fan of Italian cuisine, it is a dream of mine to try all the famous Italian dishes in Italy.

✎

➡ Event

1. Describe a situation when you asked someone for help. What were the results?

• A situation where I asked for help: asking for direction in a new city• First reason: faster and easier • Details: better than map• Second reason: flexible• Details: better route, more local information

A: Once I had to ask for direction while visiting TianJin. First reason I ask someone for help instead of looking up the map is that it is quicker and easier. Local people are very nice and friendly, it only takes them a few seconds to figure out where I am trying to go and point me to the right direction. Second reason is that when getting direction from local people, they would give me a shorter and more convenient route. Sometimes they even introduce me to a few interesting things to see along the way which can bring nice surprises to my journey.

✎

29

2. What is a special day of celebration in your country, and what do you do on that day? • A special day of celebration: Chinese New Year

• First reason: most special day for Chinese• Details: new beginning, family reunion• Second reason: what activities we do • Details: fireworks, feast, dumplings, family party

A: In my opinion, Chines New Year is the most special day of celebration in my country. I feel this way because this day marks a new beginning for everyone. Itʼs a time of harmony and peace, and considered to be the luckiest day of the year. We have these huge family parties where everyone will show up. On the New Years Eve, all the family members would gather to have the biggest feast of the year. And later in that evening, people set fireworks around the whole city which is such a magnificent display to watch if you live in a high raise building. By midnight, we would have Chinese Dumpling with all our families, and the party usually last till morning. Itʼs the one celebration every Chinese looks forward to all year long.

✎

3. What was the news in the past that made you the happiest.

• First reason: all the hard work paid off• Details: many sleepless night study, hard work• Second reason: exiting new life• Details: new professor, new friends, new opportunities

A: The news that made me the happiest was when I found out I have been accepted to my dream University. The main reason is many years of hard work finally paid off. It is a extremely satisfying experience achieving my goal and it gives me confidence that no matter how difficult the task, as long as I give it every effort, I can succeed. In addition, it marks the beginning of a new chapter in my life. I’m eagerly waiting for school to start so I can make many new friends and meet my professors. College life can be very exciting, and there are new challenges ahead my way. I can’t wait to jump in. Therefore the news that made me the happiest was when I got accepted to my dream school.

30

✎

4. what is a challenging experience you have overcome, and how did you overcome it?

• First reason: training• Details: never gave up• Second reason: diet• Details: more veggie, less junk

A: I’ve been over weight for the most part of my adult life. I decided last year it was time for me to lose some weight or my health will be at risk. So I started going to the gym on a regular basis. My personal trainer was very patient with me and supportive, so I could carry through my training plan. It wasn’t easy at the beginning, but after a month into the training I got the hang of it and started to see some promising results, that helped keep me going. Second, I set myself to a strict diet. I’m eating more vegetable and fruit now, and am able to stay away from junk food. A year later I have shed around 40 pounds and I am living a better life than before. I am very proud of myself to have overcome such a challenging experience.

✎

31

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Adaptable Adorable Ambitious Brave Bright

Calm Charming Cheerful Confident Dazzling

Delightful Determined Entertaining Fabulous Faithful

Frank Funny Generous Gentle Helpful

Kind Lively Lovely Mature Quiet

Romantic Self-assured Sensitive Sincere Skillful

Successful Talented Thoughtful Tough Warm

PlacePlacePlacePlacePlace

Alive Amazing Beautiful Bright Calm

Colorful Crowed Deserted Different Fresh

Incredible Interesting Magnificent Modern Mysterious

Natural Noisy Pleasant Quiet Remarkable

Silent Terrific Unique Unusual Wild

Traditional Sensational Romantic Magical Mystical

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➡ ȶȐ

1. Describe a special and valuable object that is important to you. Explain why this object is important to you. Include details and examples in your explanation.

Topic:Reason A:Details:

Reason B:Details:

2. Describe a tool or equipment that you rely on often in your daily life. Explain why it is important to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

3. Describe one kind of your skills which you are good at (such as drawing pictures�playing basketball). Explain why this skill is important to you. Include reasons and details to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

34

4. Describe your favorite subject when you were in primary school. Explain why you like it. Include reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

5. People have a lot of ways to make friends. What do you think is a good way to make friends? Include specific reasons and details in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

6. What are some important effects of Internet on modern people’s life? Use specific details and examples to support your response?


Reason B:Details:

35

7. What do you think is the most important invention in the past 100 years? Explain why this invention is important. Include details and examples in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

8. What food would you like to introduce to a visitor from a foreign country? Explain why you’d like to introduce this food to this visitor. Use specific reasons and examples in your answer.


Reason B:Details:

9. Which technology has made the greatest impact on people’s life in your country? Airplane�computer or television. Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

36

10.Which transportation do you think is the most enjoyable for you? It could be bicycle�automobile or train. Explain why you think this transportation is important to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

11.Describe a special gift you gave to some one else. Explain why it is a special gift? Include details to support your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

12. What is the most interesting class you have ever taken? Explain the aspects of the class that made it interesting. Include details and examples in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

37

13. What is your favorite way to relax? Explain why you like to use this way to relax yourself. Include reasons and details to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

14. Choose a subject that you would like to learn more about. Explain which subject you’d like to learn more about and why you’d like to learn more about it. Use specific reasons and details in your response.


Reason B:Details:

15. Describe a goal that you want to achieve in the future. Explain why this goal is important to you. Include reasons and details to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

38

16. Describe a job�career or profession which you wish to pursue. Explain why this job is your ideal job. Include reasons and details to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

17. Describe a piece of good news which made you feel happy. Explain why you felt happy about that news. Include reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

18. Describe a particularly enjoyable day in your life. Explain why this day was enjoyable to you. Include reasons and details in your response.


Reason B:Details:

39

19. Describe an important thing that you learned from your parents in your childhood. Explain why this thing is important to you. Include reasons and details in your response.


Reason B:Details:

20. If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study�what would you choose? Explain your choice�using specific reasons and details.


Reason B:Details:

21. Choose a school which is very impressive to you and explain why it is impressive to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

40

22. Describe a popular gathering place where people in your town usually go for relaxation. Explain why people in your town like to go there. Include reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

23. Describe an outdoor place you’d like to go for outdoor activities in nice weathers. Explain why you’d like to go to this place.


Reason B:Details:

24. Describe your favorite place to shop for clothes. Explain why you like to go to this place to shop for clothes. Include specific reasons and details to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

41

25. Describe a person whom you enjoy spending time with. Explain why you would like to spend time with this person. Include reasons and details to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

26. Describe a special friend in your childhood�why he or she is special to you? Include reasons and details to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

27. Describe a famous person you admire most. Explain why you admire this person. Include details and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

42

28. Describe a piece of news or a story that you are interested in recently. And explain why you think it was interesting. Include reasons and details in your response.


Reason B:Details:

43

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I believe strongly that_______________, the first reason is_______________, for example_________________.the second reason is,________________, for example_________________. This is why I believe_________________.

✓Type A:Some schools have all of their first-year students live together in dormitories. Other schools have first-year students live together with students from other years. Which do you think is better and why?

44

A: Some schools have all of their first-year student live together in dormitories, other schools have first-year students live together with students from other years. Personally, I prefer to live with first-year students in dormitory in my first year college. First of all, it will be easier for us to make friends with each other since we are all freshmen. We will have more to talk about, for example our new life and campus experiences. Secondly, I am sure the senior students wonʼt like it because first year students are usually louder, and like to party all the time. Finally, since first-year student have most of the introduction level course, it will be easier for us to form study groups if we lived in the same building.

✎

✓Type B:Do you agree or disagree that the use of cell phones should be prohibited in public

A: I do believe strongly that the use of cell phones should be prohibited in public. Because first of all, it can be very disrespectful to others around you, especially when people talk really loud to their phones in noisy environment such as in restaurants and on buses. It give me a real bad headache because I am forced to listen their conversations which I have absolutely no interest in. Second it can be distracting in quite public place such as library and theaters. All it takes to ruin a good movie is when someone next to you pick up a call and start talking during the show. Last but not least, I canʼt stand it when people talk on their phone while driving, itʼs very dangerous and extremely irresponsible.

✎

45

➡ ŰȐ

1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements which is students should take classes during the day and work part-time jobs at night or on the weekend.

A: I agree with the statement that students should take classes during the day and work part-time jobs at night or on the weekend. First of all, a part-time job can cover part of the tuition and school expenses. Many of my friends work their way through college without interfering their academic life as long as they don’t work too many hours pre week. Second, students can gain a different kind of experience while working off the campus. One can learn how to interact with people and deal with real world problems. These abilities will become very handy when students graduate and leave school. But one thing is certain, one do have to keep his or her working hours under control so it doesn't effect school works.

✎

2. Some people believe it is better to go to university or college right after graduating from high school, other people believe it is better to take a year off between high school and university or college. Which do you prefer and why?

A: I think it would be best for students to start university right away. First of all, it is better to start higher education as soon as possible when the human brain is most productive. We all know the younger, the easier it is for us to absorb new information and understand new ideas. If working is the reason one would take a year break between high school and college, one can easily find a part-time job on or off campus when attending university. That way, student can gain some working experiences while in school, and he or she can graduate one year earlier.

46

✎

3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Having money and power is the best way to measure success.

A: I do not believe having money and power is the best way to measure success. First of all, there is no denial that money and power are important aspects of life, but it is not the only way to measure if a person is successful. For example, a university professor might not be as rich as a business person, but we can not consider him less successful. He is more successful academically. A skilled craft man certainly is not as powerful as a politician. However, it is foolish to call him an unsuccessful person because he doesn’t possess the same kind of power. He is successful after many years of practice, he will become an expert of his own trade. These are two of the many examples of successful person who is neither very rich or powerful.

✎

47

4. Some people like to read nonfiction books. Others like reading fiction books. What kind of books do you like to read and why?

A: I myself is a big fan of fiction books. First of all, fiction books are much more fun to read compare to nonfiction books. I can escape reality and explore another world far from my own life, I find that very exciting. Secondly, fiction stories are much more unpredictable than nonfiction books, it suites my taste perfectly since I like surprises a lot. The ones I like to read the most are science fiction novels. They never fail to amaze me and can take me onto so many unforgettable adventures.

✎

5. Some people like to watch films. Others like to attend concerts. Which activity do you prefer and why?

A: I prefer going to the movies. The first reason that makes me enjoy movies more is I get to enjoy a good story when going to the movies, which concerts can not offer. The second reason is when watching a movie, besides fatalistic music and sound effects, there is also fabulous imaging on the screen which is such a treat for my eyes. Generally movies give me a more engaging entertainment experience than concerts. This is why I like to watch a movie than going to concerts.

✎

48

6. Some students like to stay on campus and attend school during summer vacation. Other students prefer to get jobs and work off campus. Which activity do you think is better and why?

A: I personally believe that getting jobs and work off campus is a better way to spend summer vacation. First of all, students have been living and attending classes during semester, it will be nice to leave campus during summer for a change. By work off campus, student can gain some real world working experience plus meet different kinds of people. Changing environment during summer can help students clear their mind, so they can go back to falls semester refreshed. Secondly, the job students work during summer can also pay for their student’s loan. They may even go back school with extra money for parties and stuff. I don’t see why students shouldn’t work during summer vacations.

✎

49

7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People in modern society live more comfortable lives than their grandparents’ generation did.

A: I can not a agree more with the statement that people in modern society live more comfortable lives than their grandparents’ generation did. First of all, look at all the technologies we have today. For example, thanks to computers and internet, we rarely have to go to the library when we need to learn something. We can do most of the simple researches without ever leaving our house. Another example would be transportation. During my grandparents’ time, it took them days even weeks traveling to another city. Today, bullet train can take us almost anywhere within the country in matters of hours. Not to motion when we take the airplane, we can fly to any country in the world within 24 hours.

✎

8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People cannot learn important lessons about life in classrooms?

A: I do agree with the statement that people cannot learn important lessons about life in classroom. First of all, classroom is not a place to learn important life lessons about life. We can only learn about life in the real world and from our own life experiences. People learn how to operate a computer or solve a difficult mathematic problem in school, but we cannot learn how to interact with other people or make difficult life decisions by sitting in a classroom. The profound lessons about life can only be learnt from our own achievements and failures, or what happens around us. We learn skills in class, but it is from our experiences, we learns the true meaning of life.

✎

50

➡ ȶȐ

1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Cell phones can improve our lives greatly. Use specific reasons to support your answer.

Preference:Reason A:Details:

Reason B:Details:

2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as long as they grew old enough to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Having class discussions makes students learn more. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

51

4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is easier to be a teacher than to be a student. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more beneficial for students to study in larger classes than study in smaller classes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Participating in class discussions makes students learn more. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:

52

Details:

7. Some college students prefer to take classes on campus during summer vocations. Others prefer to have a rest or work off campus during summer vacations. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

8. Some people like taking their vacation in a city. Others prefer spending their vacation in the countryside. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

9. Some people prefer to attend indoor activities in their spare time. Others prefer to attend outdoor activities in their spare time. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


53

Reason B:Details:

10.Some people prefer to attend outdoor activities such as hiking and swimming on their vacation; While others prefer to do less physical activities at home on their vacation. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

11.Some people prefer to attend team sports. Others prefer to do individual sports. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

12.Some people prefer to buy prepared food from restaurants. Others prefer to prepare and eat at home. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.

Preference:

54

Reason A:Details:

Reason B:Details:

13.Some people prefer to have a busy schedule with a lot of activities. Others prefer to have a lighter schedule with a lot of free time. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

14.Some people prefer to live in big cities; while others prefer to live in countryside. Which do you prefer and why? Include reasons and details in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

15.Some people prefer to travel to some new places that they have never been; others prefer to travel to places that they have been before. Which do you prefer and why?

Preference:

55

Reason A:Details:

Reason B:Details:

16.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? College education should be free. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

17.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's a waste of time for university students to take courses outside their major fields. Use specific reasons and examples in your answer.


Reason B:Details:

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be given a one-year-long holiday before entering universities. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

56


Reason B:Details:

18.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? While choosing friends, people should always choose those who have different interests from their own. Include specific reasons and examples in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

19.Some people believe that people can use their cell phones at anytime. Other people believe that cell phones should be prohibited on some certain occasions. What is your opinion and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

57

20.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better for children to grow up in countryside than in big cities. Use specific reasons to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

21.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to study the history from our ancestors. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

22.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should always tell the truth. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

58

23.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be given a one-year-long break from academic studies before attending colleges. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

24.Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms; other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.


Reason B:Details:

25.Some one prefers to focus on one job throughout his or her life; others prefer to change from one job to the other. Which do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.


Reason B:Details:

59

26.Some people believe that universities should focus their money on academic studies. Other people believe that universities should also use their funds to provide students more entertainments such as movies and concerts. What is your opinion and why?


Reason B:Details:

27.Some people prefer to celebrate their birthdays or holidays with a large group of people in a party. Others prefer to celebrate their birthdays or holidays alone and quietly. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

28.Some people prefer to collect enough information about their destination before they start their traveling. Others don’t. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.

Preference:Reason A:

60

Details:

Reason B:Details:

29.Some people prefer to finish reading a book once. Others prefer to finish reading a book for several times. Which way do you prefer and why?


Reason B:Details:

30.Some people prefer to get news or current information from newspaper or magazine; others prefer to get news or current information from TV or other sources. Which way do you prefer and why? Include reasons and examples in you explanation.


Reason B:Details:

31.Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the day's work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

Preference:

61

Reason A:Details:

Reason B:Details:

32.Some people prefer to have a few favorite foods that they are familiar with. Others always prefer to try new style of foods. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.


Reason B:Details:

33.Some people prefer to keep in touch with their family members and friends by letters and e-mail. Others prefer to keep in touch with their family members and friends by telephone. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

62

34.Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Which do you prefer-planning or not planning for your leisure time? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.


Reason B:Details:

35.Some people prefer to spend time with small group of close friends. Others choose to spend time with a large group of acquaintances. Which way do you prefer? Use specific reasons to support your answer.


Reason B:Details:

36.Some people prefer to spend time with their family or friends. Others prefer spend time alone. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:

63

Details:

37.Some people prefer to travel to new places; others prefer to travel to places that they have been before. Which do you prefer and why?


Reason B:Details:

38.Some people prefer to work with profession in a group. Others prefer to work with profession individually. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.


Reason B:Details:

39.Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole school day on academic studies. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.


64

Reason B:Details:

65

TASK 3

➡ �26758(7-32

•A reading passage (75-100 words) presents a campus-related issue.•A listening passage (60-80 sec) comments on the issue•The question asks the test taker to summarize the speaker’s opinion within the context of the read passage•Preparation time: 30 sec•Response time: 60 sec•You do not contribute your ideas to the argument.

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Read a Passage → Listening to a Conversation → Putting the Pieces Together → Respond

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• What• Why 1• Why 2

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66

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Reading ✎What:Why 1:Why 2:

Reading ✎What:Why 1:Why 2:

Listening ✎Listening ✎

M W

67

➡ $*140&7*

• The school has decided to/ the student letter suggests:• In the conversation, the man agrees with the plan/proposal for two reasons:• First of all, he thinks that:• Also, he believes that:• This is why the man disagrees with the plan/proposal:

➡ �77-78)*��2)-(&7356

Agreeing Opposing

Unfair! It is unnecessary! Silly! It makes no sense!It’s ridiculous!It’s only a short-term solutionIt’s not practical!

It wonderful!I think this reform is great!It’s a good idea!It can’t be better!It works!I can’t agree with it more

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68

➡ ŰȐ

3. You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same topic. Youwill then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.

Now play Audio Track 26 to hear Question 3.

Reading time: 45 seconds

Bus Service Elimination Planned

The university has decided to discontinue its free bus service for students. The rea-son given for this decision is that few students ride the buses and the buses are ex-pensive to operate. Currently, the buses run from the center of campus pastuniversity buildings and through some of the neighborhoods surrounding the cam-pus. The money saved by eliminating the bus service will be used to expand theovercrowded student parking lots.

Now hear a conversation about the same topic.

273

Speaking

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE g

The man expresses his opinion of the university’s plan to eliminate the bus service.State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.

Preparation time: 30 secondsResponse time: 60 seconds







273

Speaking










273

Speaking




69

Listening Script:ManI don’t like the university’s plan.WomanReally? I’ve ridden those buses, and sometimes there were only a few people on the bus. It did seem like kind of a waste.ManI see your point. But I think the problem is the route’s out-of-date. It only goes through the neighborhoods that’ve gotten too expensive for students to live. It’s ridiculous that they haven’t already changed the route—you know, so it goes where most off-campus students live now. I bet if they did that, they’d get plenty of students riding those buses.WomanWell, at least they’re adding more parking. It’s gotten really tough to find a space.ManThat’s the other part I don’t like, actually. Cutting back the bus service and adding parking’s just gonna encourage more students to drive on campus. And that’ll just add to the noise around campus and create more traffic . . . and that’ll increase the need for more parking spaces . . .WomanYeah, I guess I can see your point. Maybe it would be better if more students used the buses instead of driving.ManRight. And the university should make it easier to do that, not harder.

70

1. Bus Elimination1. Bus Elimination

Reading ✎Reading ✎

What: School plans to eliminate free bus serviceWhy 1: Not many students use itWhy 2: Money saved → additional parking lots

What: School plans to eliminate free bus serviceWhy 1: Not many students use itWhy 2: Money saved → additional parking lots


M W

✕

1. Route’s out-of-date•Buses route, area, $!, no student, suggestion: change R, more student, use buses

2. New parking, X idea• - bus + parking= more ppl drive

on campus → more car= ↑

noise + ↑ traffic problems

Sample Response: Sample Response:

The school is planning to eliminate it’s free bus service for students, because not many students use the bus and the money saved can be used to build additional parking lots. The man disagrees. First of all, he thinks the bus route is out of date, because the buses are only going through expensive areas. He suggests the school to update the bus route to where more students live now. Also, he thinks if the school cut the bus service and add more parking lots on campus, that will encourage more students to drive on campus, and that will increase the noise level and create more traffic problems on campus.

The school is planning to eliminate it’s free bus service for students, because not many students use the bus and the money saved can be used to build additional parking lots. The man disagrees. First of all, he thinks the bus route is out of date, because the buses are only going through expensive areas. He suggests the school to update the bus route to where more students live now. Also, he thinks if the school cut the bus service and add more parking lots on campus, that will encourage more students to drive on campus, and that will increase the noise level and create more traffic problems on campus.

71


The university has decided to discontinue its free bus service for students. The reason given for this decision is that few students ride the buses and the buses are expensive to operate. Currently, the buses run from the center of campus past university buildings and through some of the neighborhoods surrounding the campus. The money saved by eliminating the bus service will be used to expand the overcrowded student parking lots.

Reading ✎

Listening ✎

Complete Answer ✎

72

Student Center Cafeteria Too CrowdedI am writing this letter to express my feelings about the Student Center Cafeteria. Ever since enrollment here increased, the cafeteria has become too crowded. This is a tremendous problem during breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as there are simply not enough places for students to sit and eat their meals. In addition, since the library does not have enough room, many students use the cafeteria as a place to study. Unfortunately, there are not enough spaces for the students to sit at. I strongly urge the school administration to renovate the student center and enlarge the cafeteria.

Reading ✎

Listening ✎

Complete Answer ✎

73

Listening Script:

Man: You know... The author of this letter is right. The school should renovate the Student Center Cafeteria. Woman: Hold on a second. They don't need to do that. After all, there are small eateries all over campus. We have choices of where we want to eat.Man: Sure, but the cafeteria is so convenient.Woman: Yes, but you don't have to eat there. I mean... I go outdoors to eat when the weather's nice. And don't you eat at that little cafe inside Robinson Hall? I've seen you there before.Man: Okay, yes, I eat there sometimes.Woman: See. We have choices.Man: But what about the studying aspect? That's important Woman: Oh, come on. The student center is always full of students doing lots of different activities. People are always chatting, and it's really loud. How can anyone study in that kind of an environment?Man: But we can't study at the library.Woman: That's true. The desks are always occupied, and there's no room to study. You know, the school should renovate the library instead of the cafeteria. That would help us out a lot more.

74

2. Student Center Cafeteria2. Student Center Cafeteria


What: Renovate and enlarge student center cafeteriaWhy 1: No space to sit and eatWhy 2: No room to study

What: Renovate and enlarge student center cafeteriaWhy 1: No space to sit and eatWhy 2: No room to study


M W

✕

1. Other choices around campus•Many small eateries •Eat outside when weather’s nice•Small cafe in R.H.

2. SC cafeteria is too noisy to study•People chatting•Doing other activities•Suggestion: enlarge library instead of SC cafe t


The student in the letter suggests that the school should renovate and enlarge the student center cafeteria because there isn’t enough space for students to eat and study. In the conversation, the woman disagrees with the proposal for the following reasons. First of all, students can choose to eat at other places on campus, such as eating outdoors when the weather’s nice, or at any other eateries around campus. Also, she doesn’t think studying in the cafeteria is a wise choice, because the place is too noisy. People are always chatting and doing all kinds of activities. In her opinion, the school should enlarge the library instead of the student center cafeteria.

The student in the letter suggests that the school should renovate and enlarge the student center cafeteria because there isn’t enough space for students to eat and study. In the conversation, the woman disagrees with the proposal for the following reasons. First of all, students can choose to eat at other places on campus, such as eating outdoors when the weather’s nice, or at any other eateries around campus. Also, she doesn’t think studying in the cafeteria is a wise choice, because the place is too noisy. People are always chatting and doing all kinds of activities. In her opinion, the school should enlarge the library instead of the student center cafeteria.

75

All Freshmen May Live on CampusBeginning next semester, all freshmen will be eligible to live in student dormitories on campus. The previous rule not guaranteeing on-campus housing for freshmen has been changed due to numerous complaints by both students and parents. This new regulation will permit first-year students more easily to form study groups with their their peers on campus. This should enable them to improve their over all grade point averages. Additionally, the university had determined there is enough space in school parking lots to accommodate the extra cars that will be parked there by freshmen, so parking will not be an issue to consider.

Reading ✎

Listening ✎

Complete Answer ✎

76

Listening Script:Man: Hey, they're letting freshmen live in the dorms. Great! Woman: The school means well, but I must say that their reasoning is completely illogical!Man: I disagree. That idea about forming study groups sounds good. I could've used one when I was a freshman. But I didn't get to live on campus.Woman: I lived in the dorms when I was a freshman. Man: How was it?Woman: Noisy. Really noisy. I didn't have a study group because the atmosphere in the dorms just wasn't conducive to studying. People were making noise at all hours of the day and never studying. That's why I moved off campus my sophomore year, when, incidentally, I actually joined a study group. It was much quieter off campus.Man: Okay, but what about this parking situation? That's nice, isn't it?Woman: The school's not planning to build any new parking lots. That's a huge mistake. Man: Do you think so?Woman: If every freshman living on campus has a car, the parking lots are going to be jam packed. Nobody from off campus will get to park here. You can count on that.

77

3. Freshmen Dormitory Policy3. Freshmen Dormitory Policy


What: The school is permitting all first year student to live on campusWhy 1: They can form study groups easilyWhy 2: There are enough parking space on campus

What: The school is permitting all first year student to live on campusWhy 1: They can form study groups easilyWhy 2: There are enough parking space on campus


M W

✕

1. It’s really noisy on campus•Students make noise all the time•She can’t concentrate in the dorms, joined a std.group 2nd year•Much quieter off campus

2. Not enough parking on campus•If every one drives, parking lot, jam packed,•Off campus students won’t find space to park


The school is permitting all first year students to live on campus to encourage them to form study groups, also, there will be enough parking space for everyone. The woman disagrees with this new policy. First of all, she believes the dormitory can’t offer students a good study environment, because it’s filled with noise made by students. It was when she moved off campus that she actually joined a study group. It’s nice and quiet off campus. Also, she believes if every freshman has a car, the parking lot will be over crowded. And that will make it really difficult for off campus students to find a parking space when they come to class.

The school is permitting all first year students to live on campus to encourage them to form study groups, also, there will be enough parking space for everyone. The woman disagrees with this new policy. First of all, she believes the dormitory can’t offer students a good study environment, because it’s filled with noise made by students. It was when she moved off campus that she actually joined a study group. It’s nice and quiet off campus. Also, she believes if every freshman has a car, the parking lot will be over crowded. And that will make it really difficult for off campus students to find a parking space when they come to class.

78

University Should Pave Running TrailsThe university has about three miles of unpaved dirt running trails that pass through the forest near campus. I think these trails should be paved with cement. One reason for paving the trails would be to increase their safety. When it rains, the dirt turns to mud and becomes very slippery, so the runners who use them can slip and fall. Pavement would solve this problem. Also, paving would make the trails look nicer, which would encourage students to use them. Bumps in the trail would be smoothed out and weeds would be paved over, making the trail more attractive to runners.

Reading ✎

Listening ✎

Complete Answer ✎

79

Listening Script:Woman Hey, Ted! You are a runner. Did you see this letter in the paper?

Man Yeah, I did, and I used those.

WomanAnd?

Man I think it’s a terrible idea.

WomanHow come?

Man Well, she really hasn’t thought it through, like the thing about making them safer. What she is not thinking about is the

long-term consequences of running on a hard surface. Woman

What do you mean? Man

I mean it’s not good for you. It’s too hard on your bones and joints. If you run repeatedly on a hard surface, it can lead to injuries, or that’s what I’ve been taught anyway. It’s better to run on a soft surface. It does less damage to your

body. Woman

Oh, I wasn’t aware of that. Man

Yeah, so actually it wouldn’t be safer, and her second point... Woman

About changing the way they look? Man

Yeah, I don’t think people will like it. Woman

So they’d use them less? Man

Yeah, I mean one of the main reasons people enjoy them now is it’s a way of taking a break from the rest of campus, from buildings and streets and stuff. It’s, you know, a chance to feel like you are out in nature.

Woman Oh, so you wouldn’t get that effect anymore.

Man Right, it’d be just like you are on a regular street or sidewalk. It wouldn’t be as relaxing.

80

4. Running Trail4. Running Trail


What: Student suggests school to pave the running trailWhy 1: Increase safetyWhy 2: Make it look nicer

What: Student suggests school to pave the running trailWhy 1: Increase safetyWhy 2: Make it look nicer


M W

✕

1. It not safe to run on hard surface•Impact on bones and joints, long term injury, negative consequences •It’s better to run on soft surface

2. People won’t like the new look•Students run there to avoid buildings and roads.•They want to take a break, surrounded by nature


The student in the letter suggests the school to pave the running trail with cement to make it safer, and better looking. The man disagrees. His first reason is that it’s actually not safe to run on hard surface, because that will put too much pressure on the runner’s bones and joints, which could lead to injury. He thinks it’s much safer to run on dirt surface which is softer. Also, he claims that a cement surface will discourage runners to use the trails. Because students run there to get away from every day surroundings such as buildings and sidewalks on campus. They want the nature when they run, and changing the surface would ruin that relaxing experience.

The student in the letter suggests the school to pave the running trail with cement to make it safer, and better looking. The man disagrees. His first reason is that it’s actually not safe to run on hard surface, because that will put too much pressure on the runner’s bones and joints, which could lead to injury. He thinks it’s much safer to run on dirt surface which is softer. Also, he claims that a cement surface will discourage runners to use the trails. Because students run there to get away from every day surroundings such as buildings and sidewalks on campus. They want the nature when they run, and changing the surface would ruin that relaxing experience.

81

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85

Task 4

➡ ľǙ

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86

➡ ƝO

• In the lecture, the professor talks about______, which means______• In the first example, ______• In the second example, ______

➡ ŰȐ

ŰȐ��

ʐ«ɧ �

• Social interaction study which is concerned with the influence people have over one another’s behavior→audience effect→individuals’ work is affected by knowing that they

are visible to others→tends to alter their performance

ȕŲɧ

• When being watched→increase speed at what we do• Shoelace, group one knows being watched→faster than group two• Still true when we learn new skills• ↓in accuracy

A: In the lecture, the professor talks about audience effect which means that people would perform some activities differently when they are aware of being observed. In the

Social Interaction

People deal with each other every day. This interaction is at the heart of social life. The study of social interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one another’s behavior. People take each other into account in their daily behavior and in fact, the very presence of others can affect behavior. For example, one principle of social interaction, audience effects, suggests that individuals’ work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others, that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity.

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first example, two groups of students were asked to tie their shoelace while one group knew they were being observed, the other group didn’t. The result shows that the first group tied their shoelaces much faster than the second group. The same thing also happens when we learn a new activity, such as typing in the second example. When we know that we are being watched by others when learning how to type, we would type faster, but at same time, we will also make more mistakes.

Script

OK, so we said that the way we interact with others has an impact on our behavior . . .In fact, there’s some interesting research to suggest that in one type of interaction—when we’re being observed specifically, when we know we’re being watched as we perform some activity—we tend to increase the speed at which we perform that activity.In one study, college students were asked to each put on a pair of shoes—shoes with laces they would have to tie. Now one group of students was told that they would be observed. The second group, however, didn’t know they were being observed. The students who were aware that they were being watched actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone.Other studies confirm the same is true even when we’re learning new activities. Let’s say someone is learning a new task—for example, learning how to type. When they’re conscious of being observed, they’ll likely begin typing at a much faster rate than they would if they were alone.But, and this is interesting, the study also showed that certain common behavior— things people typically do, like . . . making mistakes when you’re learning something new that behavior pattern will also increase. So in other words, when we’re learning to type, and we know we’re being watched, we’ll type faster but we’ll also make more mistakes.

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➡ ȶȐ�

Social Interaction

People deal with each other every day. This interaction is at the heart of social life. The study of social interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one another’s behavior. People take each other into account in their daily behavior and in fact, the very presence of others can affect behavior. For example, one principle of social interaction, audience effects, suggests that individuals’ work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others, that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity.

Reading ✎

Listening ✎

Complete Answer ✎

89

Groupthink

One process by which groups may make bad or irrational decisions is known as groupthink. Individual members of a group attempt to conform their opinions to what they believe to be the group consensus even though the result may be negative. There are many reasons why groupthink happens. These include the desire to be liked, fear of losing a job, or even not wanting to be the one employee delaying a decision that seems inevitable. These kinds of implicit pressures to conform lead group members to ultimately make decisions that each, by himself or herself, might normally not make.

Groupthink

One process by which groups may make bad or irrational decisions is known as groupthink. Individual members of a group attempt to conform their opinions to what they believe to be the group consensus even though the result may be negative. There are many reasons why groupthink happens. These include the desire to be liked, fear of losing a job, or even not wanting to be the one employee delaying a decision that seems inevitable. These kinds of implicit pressures to conform lead group members to ultimately make decisions that each, by himself or herself, might normally not make.



90

Script

So let me tell you about my own experience with this when I was working for a computer company a couple of years ago. So one day, a coworker and I suggested we should give our computers a design makeover, make them look more up to date. Market research was showing that new customers said they would be more interested in buying our computers if they looked cooler. Our technology was advanced, but the outside design looked really old-fashioned.

At first, more than half the group supported us. There were a few senior managers there though who didn’t support the design change. One of the senior managers said, “Our focus has always been on technology. Changing the look is an unnecessary cost.” Almost immediately, some of our supporters changed their minds. Even my coworker changed his mind. When I asked him why after the meeting, he told me he didn’t want to make a bad impression on the senior managers. He thought that disagreeing with them might jeopardize his chances of getting a promotion by not looking like a team player.

What about me? I hate to admit it, but after a few hours of discussion, I started wondering if it was worth everyone’s time to argue about this. As more people sided with senior management, I started to feel like I was the only one holding up the vote. Everyone else seemed to think change wasn’t necessary, so I voted against my own idea in the end. So we unanimously decided to stay with the current old-looking design. But this decision ended up costing us a lot of money. That same year, our competitor came out with a new design that attracted some of our customers and prevented us from profiting on potential new customers.

Keys

๏ Reading keys• Term: groupthink• Definition: some times people make bad or irrational decision within a group• Why do we do it?

• Desire to be liked, fear of losing a job• Not wanting to be the only one, the minority

๏ Listening keys• Professor and coworker wanted to change the look of their computer• Manager disagreed• Coworker changed mind

• Did not leave a bad impression• Professor changed his mind as well

• Did not want to be the only one that’s holding back the vote• They were all wrong

• Competitor came out with a new design that attracted many costumers

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Cognitive Dissonance

Individuals sometimes experience a contradiction between their actions and their beliefs�between what they are doing and what they believe they should be doing. These contradictions can cause a kind of mental discomfort known as cognitive dissonance. People experiencing cognitive dissonance often do not want to change the way they are acting, so they resolve the contradictory situation in another way, they change their interpretation of the situation in a way that minimizes the contradiction between what they are doing and what they believe should be doing.

Cognitive Dissonance

Individuals sometimes experience a contradiction between their actions and their beliefs�between what they are doing and what they believe they should be doing. These contradictions can cause a kind of mental discomfort known as cognitive dissonance. People experiencing cognitive dissonance often do not want to change the way they are acting, so they resolve the contradictory situation in another way, they change their interpretation of the situation in a way that minimizes the contradiction between what they are doing and what they believe should be doing.



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Script

This is a true story, from my own life. In my first year in high school, I was addicted to video games. I played them all the time and I wasn’t studying enough. I was failing chemistry. That was my hardest class. So this was a conflict for me, because I wanted a good job when I grew up, and I believed, I knew, that if you want a good career, you got to do well in school. But I just couldn’t give up video games. I was completely torn.

And my solution was to... to change my perspective. See, the only class I was doing really badly in was chemistry. In the others, I was... I was Ok. So I asked myself, if I wanted to be a chemist when I grew up, and the fact is I didn’t. I was pretty sure I wanted to be a sociologist, so I told myself my chemistry class didn’t matter, because sociologists don’t really need to know chemistry. In other words, I changed my understanding of what it meant to do well in school. I reinterpreted my situation. I used to think that doing well in school meant doing well in all my classes. But now I decided that succeeding in school meant only doing well in the classes that are related directly to my future career. I eliminated the conflict, at least in my mind.

Keys

๏ Reading keys• Term: cognitive dissonance• Definition: the discomfort caused by the conflict between our actions and believes• Fix: to see the problem from another perspective๏ Listening keys• Example

• Conflict• Playing video games caused him a poor grade• He knew he should stop and study harder

• Perspectives• Old one: doing well in school = doing well in all subjects• New one: doing well in school = doing well in the courses that are related to future career

• Reason• He didn’t want to be a chemist in the future• He wanted to be a sociologist

• Conclusion• Chemistry class was not important to him

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Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

When we speak with other people face-to-face the nonverbal signals we give—our facial expressions, hand gestures, body movements, and tone of voice—often communicate as much as, or more than, the words we utter. When our nonverbal signals, which we often produce unconsciously, agree with our verbal message, the verbal message is enhanced and supported, made more convincing. But when they conflict with the verbal message, we may be communicating an entirely different and more accurate message than what we intend.

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

When we speak with other people face-to-face the nonverbal signals we give—our facial expressions, hand gestures, body movements, and tone of voice—often communicate as much as, or more than, the words we utter. When our nonverbal signals, which we often produce unconsciously, agree with our verbal message, the verbal message is enhanced and supported, made more convincing. But when they conflict with the verbal message, we may be communicating an entirely different and more accurate message than what we intend.



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Script

Last month my favorite uncle paid me a surprise visit. I hadn’t seen him for many years. The doorbell rang, I opened the door and there was Uncle Pete. Now I am sure when I saw him, I said something like “Uncle Pete, what a surprise! How nice to see you!” Anyway, my wife was standing next to me, and according to her, I wasn’t really aware of this, my eyes got really wide and I broke into a huge big smile. She said I was actually jumping up and down like a little boy. Well, anyway, later that evening uncle Pete told me how very very good he felt when he saw how happy I was to see him.

But compare that with this, my daughter, she is six. We were building a birdhouse together last week. And I was showing her how to use a hammer and nail. And of course, stupid me, I wasn’t being very careful and I smashed my thumb with the hammer. Boy did it hurt! I almost felt like screaming, but I didn’t want to upset my daughter, so I said, “Don’t worry, honey, it’s nothing.” Meanwhile, I was shaking my hand as if that would stop my thumb from hurting, and my face was contorted in pain. My voice was trembling too. So even though I told my daughter I was okay, I’m sure she didn’t believe me because she kept asking me if I was okay.

Keys

๏ Reading key

• Main idea: relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication• Agree with one another: enhance and support each other

• Conflict with one another: nonverbal is more accurate๏ Listening key

• Example 1:

• Uncle visits• Verbal: so happy to see you!

• Nonverbal: jumping up and down, huge big smile, eyes got really wide

• Nonverbal signals enhance verbal message

• Example 2:

• Teaches daughter how to use a hummer and nail• Verbal: it’s fine, it’s alright

• Nonverbal: shakes hand, face full of pain

• Nonverbal signals are telling the truth

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Short Term MemoryEveryday, people commit thousands of bits of information to their short-term memories. Unfortunately, many memories remain only for a short time and are quickly forgotten. Psychologists have determined two reasons as to why people lose their short-term memories. The first is decay. A memory decays, or fades away, when it is not used by the person. The second reason is interference. This is when a new memory enters the brain and simply causes the other memory to depart. Because of these two factors, people are unable to retain every short-term memory they have

Reading ✎

Listening ✎

Complete Answer ✎

96

Script

Do you have a good short-term memory? You probably do for some things yet don't for others. So, what makes people suddenly forget their short-term memories? There are a couple of reasons. I'm sure you've all been told something, only much to your chagrin, to forget it a couple of hours later. Perhaps your friend tells you his phone number, but you don't write it down. You might repeat it a couple of times and remember it with no problem, but, an hour or two later, you can't even recall the first digit. Why did this happen? You didn't use that knowledge, so the memory simply decayed. It went away from disuse.Here's a personal example. I went to a bookstore last week to purchase two books I wanted. I had the list with me, but, when I got into the bookstore, I realized I'd forgotten the list in the car. Yet I still remembered the books' titles. However, before I could grab them, I ran into an old friend. We talked about a different book for a few minutes, and then my friend left. However, the only title I could remember was the book my friend and I had conversed about. This new memory was interfering with my ability to recall the names of the other two books.

Listening Keys

money

ad.

Audience Effect

definition: people's behavior changes when aware of being watched by others

Studies

tying shoes

1st. group aware of being watched

2nd. group didn't know they were observed

shaping

short-term memory lost

decay

a phone # → not written down → an hour or two → can't recall the first digit

interference

@ the bookstore to buy some books → ran into a friend → talked about some other books → friend left → remember the name they just talked about → can't recall the name of the books she wanted

Sample Response

The professor talks about the two reasons as to why people lose their short-term memories. The first is decay. For example, when you get a phone number from someone and don’t write it down, a few hours later, that memory will disappear from disuse. The second reason is interference. For example, one day, the professor went to a bookstore to get some books. She ran into a friend and they talked about some other books for a few minutes. After the conversation, all the professor could remember was the name of the books she and her friend just talked about. She could’t remember which books she wanted to buy because this memory has been replaced by some new information.

97

Scent Marketing

Stores commonly search for ways to entice shoppers to purchase more products when they visit. One effective method that they have discovered is scent marketing. Sellers have discovered that shoppers often associate scents with certain memories or even feelings. Studies have determined that, depending upon the scent, people can be made to feel comfortable, relaxed, tense, or many other feelings. Scents that evoke pleasant memories are particularly effective. By ensuring that these scents are in various section of their stores, owners can subconsciously encourage shoppers to purchase more products than they normally would.

Reading ✎

Listening ✎

Complete Answer ✎

98

Script

Well, it's called scent marketing, and it's the concept that various scents actually encourage people to shop more.There was a study conducted a while back about the scents used in a department store. One store scented its entire women's clothing section with fragrances which were appealing to women. It also sprayed its men's clothing section with aromas that men found to be pleasing. Interestingly, it doubled the number of clothes that it sold. In a nutshell, both men and women, since they were attracted to those smells, associated the clothes with those fragrances and made more purchases than they normally would have.There was also a survey about running shoes that was conducted recently. I think you'll find the results fascinating. Well, more often than not, people preferred for the running shoes they purchased to have some kind of fragrance. Furthermore, they actually expected to pay more money-around ten dollars in most cases- for the shoes that smelled nicer. So, not only do smells encourage people to spend more, but they also get people to pay more for the same products.

Listening Keys

money

ad.

Audience Effect

shaping

short-term memory lost

scent marketing

def.: uses attractive smell to persuade people to make more purchases

effects

buy more than normally would

pay more for a product

clothing store → spray perfume on clothing → ppl were attracted by the smell → X2 number of cloth sold

running shoes → if they smell good → ppl willing to pay more for them → as much as $10 more

Sample Response

The professor talks about scent marketing which is a marketing method of using attractive smell to encourage people to spend more in the store. In the first example, a clothing store put perfume on both men and women’s cloths, because people like the smell, the store doubled the amount of cloths sold. Also, people are willing to pay more for a product which smells nicer. For example, researchers have found that if a pair of running shoes smell nicer, people are willing to pay more to get it. As much as ten dollars more.

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Task 5

➡ ľǙ

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eĥɯƇǷʩ�

➡ ��ȐĻç

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The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.

100

➡ ƝO

The man/ woman’s problem is_____________The first solution is____________,The second solution is, ________I think__________is better.Because, first of all__________,And also____________.

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•ːɩšƧDǤĨièɹCǍȱȉʺC˃źiǇC¢ƨ�ȬȐ

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➡ ŰȐ

ProblemProblem

SolutionsSolutions

Solution AnalysisSolution Analysis

Sample ResponseSample Response

102

Man: Mary, I’m so glad I ran into you.Woman: Oh hello, Professor Jensen.Man: Listen, I know it’s short notice . . . and maybe you’ve already made plans for spring break . . . but . . . one of my students just dropped out of the field trip to the Smithson River Caves. You’re next on the waiting list, so now there’s room for you to come along.Woman: you’re kidding! [disappointed] I didn’t think there was a chance . . . and . . . well, it’s a three-day trip, right? I agreed to spend next week helping Professor Clark set up the new museum exhibition. I think she’s really counting on me.Man: Yeah, three days. But you know . . . if you’d rather come on the field trip, why not speak with her and see if she has anyone to replace you?Woman: Yeah, I’d hate to miss out on the caves. I’ll definitely ask Professor Clark if there’s someone else who could help her.Man: You know . . . we don’t leave until Wednesday. If you still have to help out, any chance you could get the museum setup done before then?Woman: Oh yeah . . . not until Wednesday . . . so then yeah . . . maybe that’s possible too.

103

ProblemProblem

Need: She would like to go to the field tripObstacle: But promised another professor to set up museum exhibitionNeed: She would like to go to the field tripObstacle: But promised another professor to set up museum exhibition

SolutionsSolutions

Find someone else to set up the exhibition for her

Set up the exhibition before going to the field trip

Solution AnalysisSolution Analysis

✓ less stress, use the time to do more preparation for the trip

✓That person will have plenty of time to set up the exhibition

๏She might disappoint the other professor

๏The other professor might not find someone else in time

✓She gets to do both activities. Learn more, get more experiences

✓Still gets to keep her promise, won’t let the other professor down.

๏Rush her work at the museum, might not do a decent job

Sample ResponseSample Response

The woman’s problem is that she wants to go to the field trip to study a cave, but she has promised another professor to help set up the museum exhibition. There are two solutions, she can find someone else to do the museum work for her, or she can get the set up work done first, then go to the field trip.

The woman’s problem is that she wants to go to the field trip to study a cave, but she has promised another professor to help set up the museum exhibition. There are two solutions, she can find someone else to do the museum work for her, or she can get the set up work done first, then go to the field trip.

I prefer the first solution for the following reasons. First of all, this way she could have plenty of time to prepare for the trip, doing too much in a short period of time is very stressful. Second, if she chooses to do both, she might not have enough time to make sure everything in the museum is set up properly.

I prefer the second solution for the following reasons. First of all, she will learn more and gain more experience from doing both activities. Also, it might be hard for the other professor to find a right person to replace her in that short period of time.

104

➡ ŰȐ·

Man: Hey, Jennifer, why are you still here? I thought you were going to pick your friend up from the airport right now. Aren't you going to be late? Woman: Yeah, well, I was going to drive there, but my car’s got a flat tire. I'm not sure what I should do now.Man: Why don’t you take a taxi to get there and back? It should get you to the airport in plenty of time if traffic isn't heavy. .Woman: That's not a bad idea, but do you know how much two taxis will set me back? They're expensive. I've only got a few dollars left, and pay day isn't for another couple of days. I don't know if I could afford them.Man:Well, what are you going to do then?Woman:Hey, I've got an idea. I could always ask my roommate Stephanie if I could borrow her car. Then I could drive there by myself.Man: You could do that, but I heard Stephanie talking about how she is going out shopping after school today. I'm sure she's going to need her car to do that.Woman:Oh, right. Well, the plane lands in a little less than an hour. I've got to do something quickly.

105

➡ ŰȐǔ

M: Jenny, how's that new apartment of yours working out? You must be so excited to have finally gotten out of the dorms, huh?W: Well, I wish it were going all right. Unfortunately, it's not.M: Let me guess... It's too expensive?W: Oh, no, that's not it. It's my roommate Melissa. You know her. She's the art major. M: Okay. So what's she doing?W: Well, she painted the most horrid looking picture, and then she hung it up on the living room wall, it's a total monstrosity. It covers the entire wall and looks terrible!M:Well, just tell her that you don't like it, and then she'll take it down.W: You know how sensitive Melissa is. If I told her that I hated her picture, she'd get upset and start crying. She might never even forgive me.M: Yeah, I remember that about her. So, uh, what else can you do then?W: I guess I could just keep my mouth shut and not say anything. I could probably learn to ignore that painting. I guess. M: What? But it's your house, too. You shouldn't have to see something you think is ugly everyday just because your roommate likes it.W: I know, but it's a lot tougher than it seems. Put yourself in my shoes, okay.

106

➡ ŰȐǽ

Narrator Now listen to a conversation between two students.

Student A Hey, Mary! How’s your volunteer work going? You still involved in that after-school program with the elementary school kids?

Student B Yeah! But I’ve got a problem. I’m supposed to be driving a bunch of them to the zoo tomorrow.

Student A Yeah?

Student B And I was supposed to rent a van for the trip. But I waited too long to call the rental agency to reserve one. And now it turns out they don’t have any vans available for tomorrow. I don’t know what to do! These kids will be really disappointed if their trip gets cancelled.

Student A Um...well, doesn’t one of your friends here on campus have a car? I mean, couldn’t you borrow it for the day?

Student B Yeah, probably, but I’d need to borrow two cars or there wouldn’t be enough space for all the kids.

Student A Uh-huh.

Student B That’s why I was going to rent the van. And then I need to find somebody else to drive too. I can’t drive two cars by myself.

Student A [Chuckles] Yeah, that’s true! Well, I’m sure you can probably find a volunteer, or if you wanted to save yourself the trouble of hunting down the second driver, well... what about public transportation? Check the bus schedule. I...I think there’s a bus line that goes right past the zoo!

Student B Yeah! That’s a possibility. But...I don’t know. It might be a real ‘challenge’, supervising the kids on the bus.

Student A [Chuckles]

Student B Sometimes they are a handful when they get excited. It’s an option, though.

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Task 6

➡ ľǙ

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➡ Ļç

110

➡ ƝO

In this lecture, the professor talks about two__The first ______is______, which means that_________, for example_____. The second______is_______, which means that_________, for example_________.

➡ ŰȐ

Money

A: In this lecture, the professor talks about the two definitions of money. The first is broad definition which is anything that people can use to make purchases with. For example, a taxi driver earns 5 dollars for a taxi ride, he can then use the 5 dollars to buy some vegetables. While in a barter system, the driver can accept vegetable for payment too. The second is narrower definition of money, which is the only legal tender to be accepted in a society. Take the same taxi driver for example, in the United States, only coins and bills are legal tender, so he must accept paper bills or coins but vegetable as payment.

ProfessorSo, let’s talk about money. What is money? Well, typically people think of coins and paper “bills” as money . . . but that’s using a somewhat narrow definition of the term. A broad definition is this: [slowly] money is anything that people can use to make purchases with. Since many things can be used to make purchases, money can have many different forms. Certainly, coins and bills are one form of money. People exchange goods and services for coins or paper bills, and they use this money . . . these bills . . . to obtain other goods and services. For example, you might give a taxi driver five dollars to purchase a ride in his taxi. And he in turn gives the five dollars to a farmer to buy some vegetables . . .But, as I said, coins and bills aren’t the only form of money under this broad definition. Some societies make use of a barter system. Basically, in a barter system people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services. The taxi driver, for example, might give a ride to a farmer in exchange for some vegetables. Since the vegetables are used to pay for a service, by our broad definition the vegetables are used in barter as a form of money.Now, as I mentioned, there’s also a second . . . a narrower definition of money. In the United States only coins and bills are legal tender—meaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment. The taxi driver must accept coins or bills as payment for a taxi ride. OK? But in the U.S., the taxi driver is not required to accept vegetables in exchange for a ride. So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment.

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A: In the lecture, the professor talks about how automobiles and radio brought Americans together. When automobile became inexpensive, people from small towns could travel to cities or other parts of the country. And that’s how they started acting like people from those other regions and dressed and spoke in the same ways too. Also, when radio became popular, people from different parts of the country began listening to the same programs and the same news reports, so they began to speak alike and have similar experiences and ideas.

ProfessorBecause the United States is such a large country, it took time for a common national culture to emerge. One hundred years ago there was very little communication among the different regions of the United States. One result of this lack of communication was that people around the United States had very little in common with one another. People in different parts of the country spoke differently, dressed differently, and behaved differently. But connections among Americans began to increase thanks to two technological innovations: the automobile and the radio.Automobiles began to be mass produced in the 1920’s, which meant they became less expensive and more widely available. Americans in small towns and rural communities now had the ability to travel with ease to nearby cities. They could even take vacations to other parts of the country. The increased mobility provided by automobiles changed people’s attitudes and created links that had not existed before. For example, people in small towns began to adopt behaviors, clothes, and speech that were popular in big cities or in other parts of the country.As more Americans were purchasing cars, radio ownership was also increasing dramatically. Americans in different regions of the country began to listen to the same popular radio programs and musical artists. People repeated things they heard on the radio—some phrases and speech patterns heard in songs and radio programs began to be used by people all over the United States. People also listened to news reports on the radio. They heard the same news throughout the country, whereas in newspapers much news tended to be local. Radio brought Americans together by offering them shared experiences and information about events around the country.

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I'd like to point out something about art from the past. In previous eras, making art was expensive. Most artists required patrons merely to afford the paint, canvas, and everything else they needed, and these patrons, naturally, kept most of the artwork in their homes for their own personal viewing. This made art inaccessible to most people. The artists, quite understandably, didn't appreciate this, so they came up with two ways to enable the public to admire their work.For one, many artists began using cheaper materials. This let them work without a sponsor. This way, they could produce the art they wanted to and also retain possession of their art. They were then free to display it wherever they wanted to. This, naturally, permitted many more people to see their work. Of course, one drawback to this approach was that the lower quality of the paint and other materials meant their work often faded quickly. Fortunately, many of these works can now be restoredusing modern methods.Another thing artists did was to display their art both outdoors and in public places. Remember that artists didn't just do paintings. They did statues, sculptures, and many other kinds of art. Take a look at any cathedral. There is art everywhere. Look at the statues and the stained glass window in them. They're all works of art. And consider one of the greatest examples of art anywhere—Michelangelo's work in the Sistine Chapel. How many thousands or millions of people have seen his artwork? He attained what most artists strive for for the greatest number of people to admire his work.

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While we often point out how humans benefit by cooperating with one another, we should also note that many animals act in concert, too. In fact, without cooperating with one another, many animals would be much less well off. For example, many animals cooperate to maximize their protection from predators while others work together in order to locate and exploit new food sources.Let's think about deer first. With their antlers, you'd imagine they wouldn't need any protection. But what about does, fawns, and older deer? Wolves and other predators can take down a deer easily, especially by hunting in packs. So what do deer do? Well, one defensive measure they use is to feed in groups. This helps keep them safe from predators. How? Well, for one, they can alert one another more quickly when predators are nearby, which allows younger, older, or weaker deer to hide or escape. Second, there's safety in numbers. Predators are far more likely to attack a single animal than a large group of them.Now, how about honeybees? They work together, too. You've heard of the honeybee's dance, right? That's a textbook case of animal cooperation. When looking for food, honeybees all head In different directions. When they find a potential food source, they return to the hive. Then, they perform a complicated dance, which scientists believe, actually gives the direction, distance, and amount of food located. This allows the bees to abandon unpromising searches and move on to food sources that are closer and which will be able to provide more food for the hive.

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Let's move on to pollination and how flowers attract pollinators. Most flowers get pollinated by insects, so let's focus on them. You've probably noticed that flowershave their own distinct appearances and smells. Don't think those are for your benefit, okay? They actually look and smell those ways in order to attract insects topollinate them. Allow me to explain in detail.One major attractor, unsurprisingly, is appearance. It's the most important one of all. Some insects can see colors well. So, there are some colors that, depending upon the insect, make it just want to stop and sit down on the flower. For example, many butterflies are attracted to the colors red and yellow, two of the three primary colors.Think of the painted daisy. Here's a picture... It's got red petals and a yellow center. Butterflies simply won't miss being attracted to that flower. It's irresistible. So remember... That's why we see so many different colors of flowers. They are attracting various kinds of insects to pollinate them.Odor is the second most common attractor used. Unfortunately for flowers, most insects can't differentiate colors. They're essentially colorblind. But they can recognize different scents, that is, smells. Take the moth. You know, those insects that look like butterflies but which always appear at night. Well, they're attracted to, um, sweet smells. Jasmine is one example. Now, get a load of this. Jasmine produces a strong, sweet smell... but only at night, which is the perfect time to attract moths. Amazing, huh? So the moths, having been attracted, will be able to pollinate the jasmine plants. And that's nature at work.

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Did everyone do their reading last night? Excellent. Then I'd like to quickly review a couple of the advertising techniques you read about. As you should recall, two techniques were primarily focused on. They were the direct and indirect methods of persuasion. I'd like to give a couple of examples of them now.All ads try to persuade people to purchase the products which they're promoting. The direct method is one popular way. When using this, advertisers note the features of their products that make them extraordinary and different from other similar products. They may cite various facts and statistics that will tell viewers exactly why they should go out and purchase that particular product. For example, a car manufacturer using direct advertising techniques might stress how safe the car is according to recent statistics. Or it might mention the car's gas mileage and note how it's much more economical than its competitors.On the other hand, there is also the indirect method of advertising. Here, advertisers attempt to persuade customers by using association. They might show the results of using or purchasing their product. For example, let's go back to car ads. Perhaps the car being sold is rather ordinary. Well, the manufacturer is going to show people smiling while they're driving. The mom and dad will be in the front listening to music while the kids in the back will be playing games or looking out the window to admire the scenery. That's an example of indirect advertising. The company's trying to make P o t e ^ buyers think they'H be as happy as the people in the ad if they purchase that company's product.

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ÑƄ2012.01.08 �

1. Talk about an activity you participated in recently, did everyone have a good time?

A: The activity that I’ve participated in recently was Spring Festival, when I was having fun with my family. In the daytime, we fired the firecrackers which represent a new beginning and bring luck to the family. Then our family visited neighbors in new clothes and children like me in our family got some lucky money. In the evening, all our family members stayed at home and made jiaozi together which is the traditional Chinese food. At 8 o’clock in the evening, we fired the firecrackers again to celebrate this moment. Then everyone got together to watch Spring Festival Gala on TV and talked with each other happily.

2. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? A sixteen-year old is not mature enough to drive.

A: I agree with the statement that a sixteen-year old is not mature enough to drive. First of all, our brains are not fully matured, so we lack some decision-making skills. Lots of young drivers at or under sixteen-year old I know are either fearful or hesitant on the road. It's a generalization, yes, but true for the most part. Second, our body is also not fully matured, so we cannot handle the long-time or even short-time driving properly. For example, one of my sixteen-year old friends, July, crashed her car simply because she was texting while driving, after getting tired by stretching her arms for a long time.

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2012.01.15 �

1. Describe a person whom you would like to spend time with. Explain why you would like to spend time with this person. Include reasons and details to support your response.

A person who whom I’d like to spend my time with is my brother Bob. First of all, Bob is a super funny guy. He’s alway telling jokes, making funny faces and body movements to make everyone laugh. When he’s around, we are relaxed and happy and can forget about all the troubles in our life. Second, he has an open mind. Because he’s open to new ideas, he’d never argue with me when we have different opinions on things. He doesn’t get worked up and lose his patience like the rest of us do when we don’t see eye to eye. So it’s very easy being with him, I don’t feel any pressure when talking to him, I can just be myself in front of him and be completely honest.

2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should always study in quiet places. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

I agree with the statement that students should always study in quiet places. To begin with, I can’t focus myself when study in a noisy environment. For example, it’s almost impossible for me to concentrate in my dorm room, because people are always talking on their phone, pumping out music through loud speaker and playing computer games at a high volume. When I’m studying, I need quiet to read all my research materials and books, and when I work on my paper, I’m not just typing, I’m thinking at the same time.

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2012.02.05 �

1. What suggestions would you give if the school wants to protect the environment on campus.

The suggestions I would give to a school in order to protect the environment on campus are the following. First of all, encourage students to take public transportations rather than driving to school everyday. This can be achieved by lowering the price of bus fair, even increase the cost of on campus parking fees. Second, encourage students to recycle when ever possible. For example, put brightly labeled bins for recycle waste in every study area and print room where students throw away lots of paper waste. Encourage students to use ebooks and type up their reports only before handing it in. Reduce the number of printers around campus.

2. Some people prefer to buy movies or books that they like, others prefer to rent. Which would you choose? Explain why.

I prefer buying movies or books rather renting them for the following reasons. First of all, when you buy, you get to keep them as long as you want. You get compete ownership. That means you don’t have to watch the movie or read the book in a hurry. And you can watch them for how many ever times you wish down the future. But when you rent, you have to return it no matter you can finish it or not. Second, many of the books from the library miss pages. And not all of them are in good conditions. Movies DVD’s I rent sometimes get scratches on them what make them unplayable. But when you buy, you can take proper care or your books or DVDs.

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2012.02.11 �1. Your friend is considering keeping a pet, what kind of pet and advice would you give

him?

If my friend is considering keeping a pet, I would certainly suggest him to get a puppy. First of all, as a dog owner, I think dogs are the best companion one can ask for. Unlike cats, which can be a little snobby, dogs are way more friendly. And they are more aware of owner’s emotions and feelings since dogs pays more attention at you rather than cats. If my friend do get a dog, I would suggest him to potty train the puppy as soon as he brings it back from the breeder, that will save him a lot of trouble down the road. Also, take the puppy out plenty to get the excise it needs.

2. Some people prefer to read a novel, others prefer to read other type of publication such as magazines. Which do you prefer? Explain why

I enjoy reading magazines the most. First of all, magazines are visually intriguing. I find the all the photographs in the magazines amazing to look at. And when I see a photograph that I love, I can take that page out and put it in my scrap book. Second reason I like reading magazines is that they have the most interesting page layouts comparing to other books. That makes magazines fun to read. Finally, I am studying Advertising in school. There are countless high quality advertisements in the magazines, some people may find them annoying, but they work perfectly for me, I can get many inspirations from them.

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2012.02.17 �

1. Describe the difference between two singers that you familiar with.

Michael Jackson and Elvis Presley are two very different singers. Michael Jackson is known as the King of Pop and Elvis Presley is known as the Kind of Rock. They are both known for their odd sense of style. If you are dressed in a bedazzled bellbottom pant suit, everybody will say you are dressed like Elvis. If you wear a white t-shirt, black pants, a black fedora, and a single glove, everybody will say you are dressed like Michael Jackson. Both died young and both were known for their amazing performance abilities. The style of music both singers performed, however, was very different. Elvis would serenade with a smooth voice and the rhythmic strumming of his guitar. Michael Jackson would get everybody dancing with an up-tempo chorus and a strong back beat.

2. who do you prefer to get advice, older people or peers? Why?

I prefer getting advice from older people. Firstly, I think older people could give more practical advice for us, because they are more experienced and sophisticated than peers. Secondly, older people are more caring and helpful. And they also can see things fairly from different angles. In this way, they can provide us with earnest advice to help us solve the problem when we face difficulties. In addition, older people may understand us well so their advice is more practical and effective for us to make a choice or deal with difficulties.

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2012.02.24 �

1.Talk about an activity you recently attended at school.

An interesting activity I recently had at school is our annual party. First reason is that all the students put on such a great show that day. Some sang, some danced, some even did magic tricks that made people disappear. If it wasn’t for the party, I wouldn’t imagine there are so many talented kids in my school. Also, this party gave me a chance to meet and talk with students from other years. I’m a very shy person, and get nervous easily talking to people in quiet place. But during the party, everyone was really excited, so I was more relaxed to have small conversations with them.

2. Some people think that one needs to be talented to become an artist, others believe that anyone could be an artist with years of practices. Which do you agree with? Explain why.

I agree with the statement that everyone can become an artist with enough practice. First of all, art is a craft. To know your craft and get good at it takes many years of practices. Take photography for example, try giving a painter with zero photo taking experience a camera and let him take pictures for a day, it won’t be easy for him to produce good shoots because he will be spending most of the day struggling, trying to figure out how to use a camera. Same thing happens when you give a paintbrush to a photographer who never painted in his life.

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2012.02.25 �

1. What do you think of pet keeping?

Well, I don’t like keeping pet. First of all, it’s a waste of time. coz you have to take care of them, feed them, give them a bath, trim their hair, and play with them, if they are sick, you have to take them to the hospital, those things will take up a lot of times. As a student, I don’t have so much time, the more time I spend with my pet, the less time I spend on my study. Second, pet will make noise, sometimes it’s very annoying, especially when you are trying to get something done, and it makes you difficult to concentrate on your work. For example, last time, I was studying for my final test, my friend Jack brought a little puppy to my room; it jumped ups and down, made up a lot of noise which distracted me from my study. So I really don’t like to keep pet.

2. Some people decide which career they want to pursue before going to college, others do it the other way around. Which approach do you think is better?

I prefer going to college first then decide the career later. First of all, by doing this way, it will be much easier for them to make up the right decision. In the first year of the college, school will offer a lot of foundation courses such as science, math, art, the purpose is to help us look at the world in a wider perspective, with the knowledge we learn and the information we have, it will be much easier for us to find out pour interest and decide our career. Take my uncle as an example, when he was in his middle school, he wanted to be a scientist in the future, but after he went into the university, he found out his real interest was art, then he changed his mind, he began leaning art, now he is a famous artist in my hometown.

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2012.03.03 ��1. For better understanding of nutrition and health, the school decides to open a cooking

class; do you think it is a reasonable decision?

I believe it is a reasonable decision to open a cooking class for students to better understand nutrition and health. Because firstly the obesity rate is dangerously high that we need to pay more attention of spreading the notion of eating nutritious food so that our children can grow up in a healthy way. Secondly, a cooking class can facilitate a student’s self-managing ability; they would have a chance to learn to how to take care of themselves before they leave school, which can better prepare them when they are entering the society. So that is the why I believe opening a cooking class is a reasonable decision.

2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children will learn more if the teachers are kind and friendly.

I agree with the statement that children will learn more if the teachers are kind and friendly, because firstly that children tend to be more communicable if they trust their teacher. A kind and friendly teacher would gain children’s trust easier than the teacher who is tough and serious. Second, kind and friendly teachers can make students be more willing to ask them questions when they have difficulties in their studies, because teachers are usually the authoritative figure that intimidates children; yet a kind and friendly teacher can develop intimacy with children, which could help them to learn more.

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2012.03.04 � 1. For better understanding of nutrition and health, the school decides to open a cooking

class; do you think it is a reasonable decision?

I believe it is a reasonable decision to open a cooking class for students to better understand nutrition and health. Because firstly the obesity rate is dangerously high that we need to pay more attention of spreading the notion of eating nutritious food so that our children can grow up in a healthy way. Secondly, a cooking class can facilitate a student’s self-managing ability; they would have a chance to learn to how to take care of themselves before they leave school, which can better prepare them when they are entering the society. So that is the why I believe opening a cooking class is a reasonable decision.

2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children will learn more if the teachers are kind and friendly.

I agree with the statement that children will learn more if the teachers are kind and friendly, because firstly that children tend to be more communicable if they trust their teacher. A kind and friendly teacher would gain children’s trust easier than the teacher who is tough and serious. Second, kind and friendly teachers can make students be more willing to ask them questions when they have difficulties in their studies, because teachers are usually the authoritative figure that intimidates children; yet a kind and friendly teacher can develop intimacy with children, which could help them to learn more.

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2012.03.10 �

1. What suggestions would you like to give a friend who wants to improve his grade?

If my friend wants to improve his grade, I would suggest the following two ways. First of all, ask questions more frequently, especially the professors. When he confronts with tough math problems after the new class and cannot figure them out individually, he could try to contact with the professor to explain the concept as well as several solutions to the question. Secondly, practice often. As an old Chinese saying tells us, “Practice makes perfect”. For example, if he does more practice in the concept of Newton’s law of motion in physics, he would deeper his understanding of it, as a result, increasing his ability of solving such physical problems. These are two ways I’d like to advise to improve his grade.

2. Some people play games for enjoyment, some people play games for winning. Which one do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

In fact, I believe students should play for fun rather than play for victory. First, as we know students are always tired and exhausted nowadays, resulting from their homework, the pressure of entering into a good university, many forms of contests they take part in. In this way, they very need an outlet to release this stress. Playing for fun enables them to enjoy themselves in the sports; they can talk to their classmates, so that they wouldn’t be overwhelmed. Also, I’ve heard many students injured themselves during some sports matches. Students are easily got excited and play too hard if they are playing for the final victory. This is not good for their health.

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2012.03.18 �

1. Are the living standards of people today better than the past?

Oh, yes! I totally agree! The living standards are getting so much better than before! Nowadays it is much easier to buy food! We used to buy them along the street where it could be polluted by the gas of the cars passed by. Now we can buy them in supermarkets! What’s more, it is much easier for us to watch a movie than before. We had fewer movie theaters in the past, so that people had to walk for miles to watch a movie, but now, movie theaters are everywhere! We can enjoy our lives in a much easier way!

2. Do you agree or disagree with the statement that internet plays a big role in our lives?

Internet plays a very important role in my life! First of all, it’s changing the way I communicate. Take emails for example, it used to be the case that when I wanted to reach someone in the US, I have to go to the post office to buy envelops and stamps before mailing out the letter, and the other person has to wait for it to arrive for weeks, but today, as soon as I click on “send”, the other person can see it right away, there’s zero waiting. Second, people obtain the majority of information from the internet these days, I myself can survive without TV, newspapers or magazines, but I don’t think I can make it for more than a week without the internet, because that’s where I get all the news, weather reports and other kinds of information from.

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2012.03.24 �

1. Is it a good idea to evaluate professors by the end of the semester?

I have to say it is such ridiculous idea and such inhuman behavior to evaluate professors by the end of the semester. First, a good professor might not be a good teacher, or let’s say, a good public speech maker. If they have to be evaluated by the not so bright students, the real good ones might be given a low grade while the ones who are good at bragging blah could be given a higher grade. It would be too unfair that great professors might decide to leave the school for a more considerate one. Second, It will give professors pressure that students are their lords that they have to be treated as kings and queens. This will make students disrespect professors and they might believe that they can disrespect whoever they want in the society.

2. Would you prefer gifts bought from the shops or the ones made by hand? Please explain why.

I would usually prefer gifts that are made by hand than the ones that are bought from shops. When people make gifts by themselves and give them to me, I always think of them as the most precious thing I've got and feel so thankful! For it is a symbol of true friendship. I used to make cards for my friends many years ago as well, and I know how much it takes to complete the work. Besides, I don't want to owe anybody anything, if they bought me expensive gifts, I might start to worry about how to pay them back. Usually, I would have to spend almost just as much to buy them gifts back, and all that trouble can be avoided if one just sends me a handmade gift in the first place.

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2012.04.14 �

1. Lots of people shop on line now, do you think it is a good idea?

Though a lot of people started to shop on line, I still shop for things in my own way. I follow the tradition of going to real shops instead of buying things through the internet. It doesn’t mean that I’m a stubborn person, just that I did make a few tries to buy things on line when I first heard of this new way of shopping, but they were all bad experiences…I once bought this dress from a popular on line shop, but it turned to be a used one… The other time, I clicked on a button which connects to a picture of a beautiful skirt, but when I received the package, it was a similar one made of cheaper fabric… Seeing is believing, I would rather walk ten miles to a shop to buy the real thing than to waste my time looking for the not so trust worthy goods on the internet.

2. Some students prefer to join school clubs for example sports teams right after they enter collage, while others wait until the second semester. What do you prefer?

Well, as for myself, I would love to join the clubs right after I enter collage. This is actually what I did when I just entered my school! I took part in the Jazz group right after I registered for the very first semester! We are only young once, and never old twice! The problem is there are only 4 years to go in collage, if there’s a good chance to realize your dream and you put it on hold until the next semester, you might be disturbed by other things by then and lose this wonderful chance forever! The best way to do it is to do it right now! If there is such good club to join, I Wouldn’t hesitate at all.

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2012.04.20 ��

1. If the school received a barrel of money, what do you wish it will be spent on? A sports gym or a laboratory?

I would choose a laboratory, because we can’t only depend on what we study during the class hours, there’s always a lot more to be discovered by ourselves after class. How could there be any better place than a lab to go seek for those answers? A school with a large and advanced lab would definitely provide us a better academic environment. Sports gym is actually something we can live without. We can do sports on the playground which is likely to be the same. Money should be spent where it is more needed!

2. Some people believe that it is important for young people to have a part-time job as a working experience, while others think they should spend more time on their studies. What is your opinion and why?

I believe it is important for young people to have a part time job because of the following reasons: firstly, being a young person especially a college student also means being a socially independent person who is preparing to enter the society. Having a part-time job would teach students the social knowledge which they could not learn at school. Secondly, a part-time job will help them to understand the toughness of making money which will definitely help them understand how to make a living and be thankful to their parents.

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2012.04.22 �

1. Your friend wants to drop out of university or college , agree or disagree ?

If my friend is studying somewhere else in the world apart from my country, I might tell him to follow his heart, but if he is studying here, I would definitely tell him not to drop out of his uni. First of all, it is a country that doesn't look at your real ability but judges you only by your degree. Without a degree, I'm afraid my friend would have to be prepared for being jobless soon after he quits school. Secondly, you can't drop out of uni and come back after years in my country like what you can do in some of the other countries like the developed ones. It means if you regret some day in the future, you have no way to come back.

2. N/A

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2012.04.28 ��

1. Describe your favorite place to study. Explain why you like to study in this place. Include reasons and examples to support your response.

My favorite place to study is in my bedroom. I have a nice desk with a comfortable chair, and if I need anything, I know where it is in my room. I don’t really like studying in the library, because it too quiet. Whenever anybody makes a noise, I can hear it very clearly and I automatically look up to see what it is. Working in the library is very distracting for me. Also, if I get hungry, they don’t let you eat in the library. If I’m studying in my bedroom, I can easily go downstairs and get a snack from the kitchen. In addition, if I have to study really late, the library always closes too early. If I work in my bedroom, I can stay up as late as I need to, without disturbing anybody.

2. Some people prefer a job which deals with the same tasks every day. Others prefer a job which deals with many different tasks. Which do you prefer and why?

I would prefer a job that has a little bit of variation. Sitting at a desk all day doing the same thing over and over again would bore me out of my mind. I can't imagine that that kind of job would be interesting at all. I think I am too intelligent to sit and do a mindless task all day. Also I think those jobs will be taken over by computers soon. I would rather have a job that requires me to go around and do lots of different things. Like teaching: Every day there is a new lesson and I never know how class is going to turn out. I have to be spontaneous in the classroom and I think I would prefer a job like that over any other type of job.

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2012.05.12 ��

1. If one of your friends wants to run a restaurant, what is your opinion or advice on food and location?

As far as food is concerned, I would advise him to make the recipe unique enough in order to be distinguishable by the average consumer, because, you know, there are too many restaurants out there and the restaurant business is quite competitive. So I think one of the keys to a restaurant's success is having a recipe that stands out from the crowd. Also, I would advise my friend to develop an attractive presentation for each dish because appearance is just as important as taste. Location is also an important factor to take into consideration. I would recommend him to aim for a site in a highly visible location, in an area that hosts a significant number of customers that the restaurant wants to attract.

2. Do you agree that students nowadays work harder in study than before?

I definitely agree with the idea that students nowadays work harder. It is especially the case in China where there is an ever increasing population. Here in china, Parents are eager to make their only child a versatile genius capable of multiple skills such as playing pianos, calligraphy dancing and so on; so students have to worker like crazy to meet their parent’s high expectations for them. It is also due to the gloomy economic prospect for the whole world. It is not uncommon to find a vacancy with a hundred graduates competing for. Therefore, each student has to work harder to distinguish themselves from the rest.

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2012.05.20 ��

1. Your friend has suddenly received a lot of money. What do you think is the best way for your friend to spend this money? Use specific reasons and examples from your experience to explain your answer.

If my friend happened to receive a large amount of money, I would first suggest him to travel around the world, which will definitely broaden his horizon and open up his own world. Second, I believe it is necessary for him to spend this money on the education, like learning a second language or another musical instrument, those are the tools that helps you to understand human feelings better and introduces you to the realm of art. Last, I would suggest him to give the rest of the money to the charity, and spend it on people who eagerly need it than he does. The satisfaction that he gains simply by helping others will be something that cannot be exchanged by bills.

2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should always wear fashion clothes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

I believe fashionable cloth does not suit with anyone. First people should not blindly follow the trend, because trends are always made by several fashion designers who control the whole market. Second, fashion cloth may not be suitable in every occasion. For example, if you are in an auction or at a ball, you should always wear formally. Third, only by wearing clothes that are suitable with your characteristic can people be comfortable with the environment around you. If you are very low key, you should wear some simple but classic designs like the black and white pattern. If you are passionate, the red dress will always enhance your confidence, since you are what you wear.

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2012.05.26 �

1. Describe some ways to reduce air pollution.

The world is getting polluted day by day. For these pollution humans are the most sufferer. So, here are my suggestions to reduce air pollution. First, we should put in mind that whenever we throw our garbage we must make sure to segregate the biodegradable, non-biodegradable and hazardous trash. Make sure that no one should burn plastics, tires, slippers and rubbers. Second, planting more trees, trees can lessen or help reduce air pollution because they get their nutrients from carbon dioxide and will let out oxygen, and oxygen is good for our body. To sum up, we must take good care of our environment because we only have one earth, and it is not yet late to change.

2. Some people prefer to live in old and historic houses. Some prefer new and modern buildings. Which one do you prefer and why?

I prefer to live in new and modern buildings. There are two chief reasons. First, since those old houses were built decades ago without improving the structure, they are more dangerous than new and modern buildings. If I live in an old and historic house, I will image that it would collapse one day and make me injured, which pose potential hazard to my lives. Second, it is not convenient to live in an old and historic houses for its facilities are always in poor condition, which may breakdown from time to time. Besides, compared with new and modern buildings, some old and historic houses spoil the cityscape. That’s why I choose to live in new and modern buildings.

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2012.05.26 ��

1. Describe some ways to reduce air pollution.

The world is getting polluted day by day. For these pollution humans are the most sufferer. So, here are my suggestions to reduce air pollution. First, we should put in mind that whenever we throw our garbage we must make sure to segregate the biodegradable, non-biodegradable and hazardous trash. Make sure that no one should burn plastics, tires, slippers and rubbers. Second, planting more trees, trees can lessen or help reduce air pollution because they get their nutrients from carbon dioxide and will let out oxygen, and oxygen is good for our body. To sum up, we must take good care of our environment because we only have one earth, and it is not yet late to change.

2. Some people prefer to live in old and historic houses. Some prefer new and modern buildings. Which one do you prefer and why?

I prefer to live in new and modern buildings. There are two chief reasons. First, since those old houses were built decades ago without improving the structure, they are more dangerous than new and modern buildings. If I live in an old and historic house, I will image that it would collapse one day and make me injured, which pose potential hazard to my lives. Second, it is not convenient to live in an old and historic houses for its facilities are always in poor condition, which may breakdown from time to time. Besides, compared with new and modern buildings, some old and historic houses spoil the cityscape. That’s why I choose to live in new and modern buildings.

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2012.06.10 �

1. If your friend wants to make a big purchase without having enough money, what can she do to get enough money?

I think my friend should take time to save money up, if she wants to buy something she couldn't afford right now. She should get a job and save up her money until she had enough. When it comes to money, I think you shouldn’t spend what you don’t have. Unless there is an emergency or other extenuating circumstances, I think it is wise to spend within your means. If you can’t afford to buy an iPhone, for example, don’t borrow money in order to do so. That is a bad habit and is how many people find themselves overburdened with debt. Working hard to save up enough money to buy an iPhone is also more rewarding. This will give you pride and you will enjoy your iPhone even more.

2. Do you prefer to a busy schedule or a light schedule? Explain why.

As far as I am concerned, I prefer having a busy schedule for the following reasons. First, having a busy schedule means I can accomplish more things at a given time. Everyone’s time is equal. We have the same 24 hours a day. But by choosing a busy schedule, we can make each hour count. For example, besides taking a double major, being the monitor of our class, I also take a lot of extracurricular activities like joining in French drama and swimming clubs and at the same time, I am also a volunteer teacher for a migrant worker’s children on the weekends. As the beginning, it was a hard job to do all the stuff. But gradually, I learned to strike balance between study and life. By following a busy schedule, I can do a better time management than before. Second, having a busy schedule means our life is more organized, living little time for wandering thoughts. Following my schedule, I know clearly what I am gonna do in the next hour, or even the next minute. That is the secret for fulfilling all the tasks mentioned above.

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2012.06.15 �

1. Which stage of life is the most important, childhood, juvenile, or adulthood? Explain why.

I think childhood is the most important stage in one’s life because of the following reasons: First, according to various scientific researches, the best time for one’s intelligence development is in childhood, for example language acquisition and character development etc. That explains why the pre-school educational training market is so hot today in China. Second, childhood is the most carefree period in one’s entire life. Though parents might busy their children in various training classes, kids still can enjoy most fun and free time in childhood compared with later life stages like juvenile or adults for the latter two have so much pressure to handle, for example, endless schoolwork, exams, job searching and even office politics etc.

2. Do you agree with the following statement that wealthy people should help the poor? Explain with details and example to support your explanation.

I definitely agree that wealthy people should help the poor in a constructive way for the following reasons: First, they are capable of doing so. After they made their fortune and success, they don’t have any financial burdens with their own lives. In paying back to the society, which made them successful, they need to use both their money and brain to help the poor in a constructive way. Second, nowadays the income gap between rich and poor is so large in China. Many sociologists warned it is dangerous to be blind to the ever-expanding divergence. The best solution, I think, is to ask the wealthy to give back. So many rich people are indulging themselves in luxurious goods or services, it is totally a waste and criminal considering so many are still struggling under poverty lines. Third, they can do it in a constructive way instead of blind donation, for example building universities, hospitals or public facilities etc., which will benefit those who need real help instead of those lazy or drunk. A case in the point is Bill Gates and Warren Buffet, who gave back 90% of their personal wealth to the society, rather than squandering away or leaving wealth to their children. I think they are role models for Chinese rich people to follow.

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2012.06.17 �

1. What do you think is the most challenging task for university students and why?

I think the most challenging task for university students is to have critical thinking. First, universities in China often emphasize the facts and numbers memorization, this would lead to a problem that students would not be able to analyze situations in a critical way. A survey done by a university professor shows that 70% of university students struggle with critical thinking. That is a huge waste on educational resources. Second, critical thinking is very crucial for one’s entire life esp. after graduation. There are so many things that would not be taught in class, but would appear definitely in the future. Unless we have trained our ability to think critically, can we overcome the difficulties that we will face. That is why I think critical thinking is the most challenging task for university students.

2. Do you agree or disagree that to be successful, a person should study in the university.

I agree that attending a university will make the possibility of success higher for a normal student. First of all, a university provides you with a solid foundation of knowledge, including mathematics, literature, and geography, which will become the common knowledge for you to communicate with others. Second, you will be taught to manage yourself as well as others when you are involved in a group. And you will learn how to do a perfect time-management when you are under huge pressure, this is the define skill after you enter the job market. Third, attending university allows you to meet people with different characteristics, and knowing how to get along with them, even make them want to help you is the first step toward a successful leader, because no one can achieve success just by himself. That’s why I agree with this opinion.

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2012.06.30 �

1. Describe an activity that you enjoyed doing with your family in your childhood. Explain why it was enjoyable to do this activity with your family. Please include reasons and details in your response.

Well, I think the activity I enjoy doing with my family in my childhood is travelling. My parents love travelling, when I was a kid, they often took me to travel, We have been travelled to many different countries such as Japan, England, Africa, by travelling, I can experience some thing I have never experience before. For example, when I was 8 years old, we travelled to Africa, the place we stayed is a traditional African hut. Inside is very comfortable but no electricity. The challenge there is to try to learn how to live without the creature comfort that we are used to. Like a computer, like a TV. I think this kind of things can push me or challenge me to expend my horizon. I really enjoy that.

2. Some prefer to record things, such as taking pictures, writing diaries, others are not. Which do you prefer?

I prefer not to record those old things, as an old saying goes, let bygones be bygones, It’s a waste of time to record those old things. For example, when I was in my middle school, I wrote diary every evening, trying to record the things happened at daytime, but it took up a lot of time, I even didn’t have enough time to get my homework done, coz the more time I spend on writing diary, the less time I spend on my study. Besides, those things already happened, it’s history, it’s past-tense. Why should we look back. I think nowadays it’s very difficult for people to be in the moment, we always think about what happens yesterday, what we’re gonna do next, but what’s happening right now in front of them, are they enjoying the moment in front of them, that’s the most important thing.

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2012.07.14 �

1. Among photographer, musician, and painter, who do you respect most? why?

Among photographer, musician, and painter, I respect musician most. The reasons are based on the following factors. First and foremost, musicians bring us so many great works which make our daily life more colorful. A good music created by a great musician always helps us lead a more positive, happier, more effective life. Secondly, because of musician, we have chance to appreciate different style of music with various background. Therefore, musicians contribute greatly for international culture exchange. At last, musicians enrich our emotion which means we can have a deeper feeling about human world.

2. Which do you prefer to read, paper book or e-book? Why?

I prefer reading paper book instead of e-book. Well, firstly, I think paper book doesn’t’t have as much bad effect on our eyes as e-books. Therefore it is healthier way for me to read paper book, although e- book is quite popular nowadays. Secondly, printed words give more comfort, enjoyment or personal touch than electronic text. I like the feeling of turning the pages and taking note on the book. Though computers are changing the reading habits, I still choose to read printed books or paper books.

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2012.07.15 �

1. Your school want to make some improvement, what kind of improvement do you think they can make ?

Well, I think there are a lot of improvements they can make. First of all, about the food. I think school cafeteria can provide some healthy low calories food for students, as we all know, nowadays many students become bigger and bigger than before, because of the junk food they ate. Second, it’s about living. School should renew student’s dormitory, offer free wifi service for students to use. And the school should enlarge the library, and change the policy, they should make it easier for students to borrow books not harder. Now, there are few books in the library, and they only allow students to borrow 2 books at one time. But our dorm is really far from the library, it takes about 30 minutes walk, so it’s really inconvenient.

2. Do you think that bicycle will be replaced by the modern vehicle such as cars or bus?

I think definitely no. As the development of our society, more and more people have their own cars, there is no doubt about that cars are much faster than bike, but I think they can not replace the bike. First of all, riding a bike is much safer than driving a car. Because it’s fast, it will be more likely to get hurt during an accident. Another advantage of riding a bike is that you don’t need to worry about the traffic jam and finding the parking lot. You can park anywhere you like, it’s very convenient. Finally, it’s a very good exercise for people to ride a bike. Especially for those people who sit in the office all day, riding a bike can help them keep fit and remain healthy. So I think bicycles will not be replaced by cars.

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2012.07.22 �

1. Describe a change in your country. It could be a social, economical or political change. Explain how this change influenced people in your country.

First of all, my country is china and I think the biggest change in my country is the economical change. As the development of the economy and the open door policy, china becomes more and more powerful than before, and our life has greatly changed. Take my family as an example, now we live in a nice house, we have a fancy car, and we even take one or two trips every year. Now I’m planning to go to America for my further study. But when I was a kid, our life was very tough, my parents struggled at times to pay the bills and we didn’t even have enough food to eat. Now things changed, we live a better life than before and we feel happier than before.

2. Some students prefer to live alone or live with their friends when they study abroad. Other students prefer to live with local family when they study abroad. Which way do you prefer and why?

Well, I prefer to live with local family. First of all, it can help me to avoid the homesick. If I live by myself, I might feel lonely. I might think of my parents. But if I live with local family, I will have someone to accompany, some one to talk with, and I will be happier. Besides, living with local family, I can practice the local language with them and I can experience something I have never experience before. like the different culture. Last time, when I travelled to America, I lived with the local family for a week, it really broaden my horizon. They told me a lot of American idioms and slang, and introduced some American holidays such Christmas day to me, and they even shared with me a lot of interesting stories. I had a great time. So if I study abroad, I will definitely choose to live with local family.

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2012.07.28 ��

1. Your school is panning to allow students to keep pet in the dorm, What do you think about this?

Well, I think it’s a bad idea. First of all, dormitory is not your home, there are going be four students share one room, keeping pets will interrupt other students. Try to imagine, when you are studying for a big test, a little dog jumps up and down, barking at you, mess up with your room, what a horrible picture. Last time, my dorm mate brought a little puppy to our dorm, it is very cute, but the little puppy just jumped onto my bed and pee on my sheet, it drove me crazy. Besides, some students may be allergy to the fur or the smell, keeping pet at dorm, it’s gonna kill them. So I think it’s a bad idea to allow students to keep pets at dorm.

2. Some people believe that university students should choose their major in the first year of school while other people believe that it’s better for them to choose their major in their second year. What do you prefer, why ?

Well, I think it’s better for them to choose major in the second year of school, then they can make a better choice. Normally speaking, In the first year of the university, students are required to take many foundation courses which include many different subjects. It’s really good for them, because these kind of things can push them or challenge them to expand their horizon, and they will have variety information from different industry. Through learning these subjects, they will ultimately find out the subjects they like or the subject that they are really good at. It can help them to look at the whole situations and make decision off. So I think it’s better for students to choose their major in the second year of university.

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2012.07.28 �

1. What do you think we should do to decrease the usage of car or other vehicle and solve the traffic problems?

Well, this is a very good question. As the development of our society, almost every family has a car, some families even have more than one car, and it did cause a lot of traffic problems. Take Beijing as an example, Beijing is not only famous for the Forbidden City but also traffic jam especially in the rush hour. I think the best way is to provide people with free public transportation such as bus or subway, and encourage people to take that instead of driving their own car. Government should develop more bus lines and bus stations and separate the bus line from the car and make sure they will be on time according the schedule. People will never be late by taking those buses. By this way, I think people will give up driving their car and take the public transportation and the number of the car will be decreased.

2. Do you think government should take responsibility and spend money to protect those endangered species or the individual should carry the responsibility and spend money on it.

Well, I think it’s the government’s responsibility and they should spend money on protecting and saving those endangered animals. First of all they can do a better job than we do, they have more money and power to get things done. They can separate some lands and set up the protection zone, create the suitable environment for those species to live in and the government can also publish the protection law. Any one who breaks the law will be punished. Besides, they also need to hire some professional people to do some research and use the high technology to preserve some particular species. It’s a huge project, it’s impossible for individuals to do that. so I think government should take the responsibility and spend money on that.

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