Pictures from S. A. Lorenzo Martoni, Cyry Assoc.ppt

Background from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt

Tohu: Chapiteau des ArtsConsortium: Schème consultants, Jacques PlanteArchitect and Jodoin Lamarre Pratte

Montreal, Quebec

Sarah Khalid | Rebecca Lai | Elaine Lui | Ping Pai

November 2004

Tohu: Chapiteau des ArtsTohu: Chapiteau des ArtsConsortium: Schème consultants, Jacques PlanteArchitect and Jodoin Lamarre Pratte

Montreal, Quebec

Sarah Khalid | Rebecca Lai | Elaine Lui | Ping Pai

November 2004

ARCH 226: Case Study in Canadian Sustainable Design

FunctionFunctionFunction

Houses the internationalheadquarters of Cirque duSoleil

Landmarks Montreal as aworld leader of the circus arts

Serves as a circus school,theatre, gallery andconvention centre

Actively involved in the Saint-Michael EnvironmentalComplex (CESM)revitalization anddevelopment program

Improves the St. Michaeldistrict

Pictures from http://www.guidesperrier.com/architecture/tohu/tohu_pavillon.html and

from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf, respectively

SitingSitingSiting

Picture from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt

StructureStructureStructure

Primarily constructed out ofconcrete, steel and glassConcrete panels are low cost,malleable, easy to install,more fire resistant, moreeffective for sound proofing.– barely require maintenance;

have a long life expectancy– are used to retain the

structureMany structural componentsare recycled: steel beamsfrom the old Angus factory,grand stairway made from oldLa Round bumper cars,rusted CP rails, pieces froman abandoned crane andmetal panels from Expo ’67 Right: from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt

Left: from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf

MaterialityMaterialityMateriality

Picture from S. A. Lorenzo Martoni, Cyry Assoc.ppt

Heating – Passive GeothermicsHeating – Passive Heating – Passive GeothermicsGeothermics

Co-generating, hot water heating system makesheating costs 20% lowerGazmont extracts biogas from subsoil and converts itinto energy– Combustion of biogas boils water which transforms into

steam, which turns a large turbine to generate electricity– When steam is cooled, part of the hot water is routed to the

Tohu pavilion– Water circulates throughout a network of ducts embedded in

the floor of the building

This method avoids production of greenhouse effectgases

Heating – Trombe wallHeating – Heating – TrombeTrombe wall wall

“It is sized to contribute in practically reducing heatingrequired to almost nil on a clear February day.”Wall can accommodate most of the theatre’s heatingneeds; additional heating only needed during showson cold nightsAnnual energy savings = approx. 38000kW/hr

Picture from S. A. Lorenzo Martoni, Cyry Assoc.ppt

Cooling – Ice trayCooling – Ice trayCooling – Ice tray

Massive ice-tray accumulatingup to 20 000 pounds of ice liesunder the site in the “CanadianWell”The ice tray is used “primarilyas a reserve of freshness forthe periods of demands….”

Picture from http://www.cyberpresse.ca/actuel/article/1,4230,0,092004,798976.shtml

VentilationVentilationVentilation

Tohu uses natural ventilation by convection and huge amountsof ice for air conditioningStack effect is assisted by two chimneys and the sun:– In summer, hot air rises and collects in a vortex near the ceiling– Hot air is forced out two 1.2m diameter chimneys located 0.6m

apart while a system of ventilation ducts circulate cool airWith no interior gains, natural movement of air cools and heatsthe building, maintaining the interior environment at 23 degreesCelsiusProcess consumes 70% less energy than a conventional systemDoes not produce greenhouse effect

VentilationVentilationVentilation

Diagram by Dr. Andreas K. Athienitis, ing

Glace = Ice

Gradins = Steps

Air neuf et frais = New and fresh air

Air vicié et chaud = Foul and hot air

Heat Exchange and Ductwork LocationHeat Exchange and Ductwork LocationHeat Exchange and Ductwork Location

North-East elevation

North-East sectionPictures from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt

Heat Exchange and Ductwork LocationHeat Exchange and Ductwork LocationHeat Exchange and Ductwork Location

Pictures from M. Blouin Scheme Arch.ppt

North-West elevation

South-West elevation

Interior EnvironmentInterior EnvironmentInterior Environment

http://www.guidesperrier.com/architecture/tohu/tohu_pavillon.html

Indoor Office TemperatureIndoor Office TemperatureIndoor Office Temperature

Picture from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf

Electrical Consumption of a Typical RoomElectrical Consumption of a Typical RoomElectrical Consumption of a Typical Room

Graph from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf

Reduction of the electrical consumption is 28%

External EnvironmentExternal EnvironmentExternal Environment

Green roof reduces building’s heat gain duringsummer; enhances air qualityLarge basin collects rainwater:– Due to it, “Tohu has a natural system, eliminating the need

to construct a traditional underground retention system ofmassive concrete ducts.”

External lighting system uses thousands of LEDbulbs; reduces light pollution

Minimal Light Pollution-lightingMinimal Light Pollution-lightingMinimal Light Pollution-lighting

Picture from TOHU - Développement durable.pdf

DaylightingDaylightingDaylighting

Summer Solstice at 43 degrees latitude

Winter Solstice at 43 degrees latitude

Daylighting – Summer SolsticeDaylighting – Summer SolsticeDaylighting – Summer Solstice

Window openings reflect seasonalchanges in the sun path to balancesolar heat gain.

Offices located onNorth side to utilizediffuse lighting

Southwestopenings limit lightpenetration byoverhangsSouth elevations limit solar

heat gain

Daylighting – Winter SolsticeDaylighting – Winter SolsticeDaylighting – Winter Solstice

Window openings reflect seasonalchanges in the sun path to balancethe solar heat gain.

Minimal openingsfacing south.

North Large openingswhere light is mostlimited.

Southwest openingsadmit low angle light inthe winter.

DaylightingDaylightingDaylighting

Daylighting is beneficial dueto the fact that the heatingand cooling systems usepassive geothermics.Glass curtain walls mainlyexposed on the north side orblocked by the cylindricalareaSouth side has less openingsThis allows for better controlof the heat that is generatedby the sun and more controlover the interior conditions ofthe building.

LEED Scorecard – Sustainable Sites – 8/14LEED Scorecard – Sustainable Sites – 8/14LEED Scorecard – Sustainable Sites – 8/14

Goals:To reduce theenvironmental impactof a building on its siteTo direct thedevelopment in urbansectors with existinginfrastructures, thusprotecting the parksand their resourcesTo reduce heat islandsto minimize theirimpact on themicroclimate andhuman and faunalhabitatsTo reduce car pollution

LEED Scorecard – Water Efficiency – 4/5LEED Scorecard – Water Efficiency – 4/5LEED Scorecard – Water Efficiency – 4/5

Goals:To limit oreliminate the useof drinking waterfor irrigationTo reduce theproduction ofwaste waterTo reduce waterconsumption

LEED Scorecard – Energy & Atmosphere – 14/17 LEED Scorecard – Energy & Atmosphere – 14/17 LEED Scorecard – Energy & Atmosphere – 14/17

Goals:To obtain levels ofenergy performancehigher than the setstandardsTo encourage the useof the use ofrenewabletechnologiesTo eliminate the use ofCFC to reduce thedegradation of theozone layer

LEED Scorecard – Materials & Resources – 3/13LEED Scorecard – Materials & Resources – 3/13LEED Scorecard – Materials & Resources – 3/13

Goals:Use building materialsmade of recycledmatterReduce constructionwasteReduce the demandfor virgin materialsUse local materials toreduce the impact oftransportation on theenvironment

LEED Scorecard – Indoor Environmental Quality – 10/15LEED Scorecard – Indoor Environmental Quality – 10/15LEED Scorecard – Indoor Environmental Quality – 10/15

Goals:To provide a gooddistribution of airTo reduce quantity ofcontaminants ofinterior airTo provide control ofsystems (temperature,ventilation and light) sooccupants can managecomfort conditionsTo provide aconnection betweenthe interior and exteriorspaces by theintroduction of naturallight

LEED Scorecard – Innovation & Design Process – 5/5LEED Scorecard – Innovation & Design Process – 5/5LEED Scorecard – Innovation & Design Process – 5/5

Goal:To reachexceptionalperformances thatgo beyondrequirementsestablished byLEED

TOTAL = 44/69: LEED Gold CertificationTOTAL = 44/69: LEED Gold CertificationTOTAL = 44/69: LEED Gold Certification