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A first set of disagreements concerns our images of the future: - how bad will be climate change; - how fast will it unfold; - where and who will it strike first.

Climate adaptation is delayed http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-

scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-issues-and-personal-narratives

A second set of disagreements concerns the priorities of adaptation: - which regions will be more vulnerable - which sectors will be more affected; - which arrangements will make our societies more flexible or resistant.

Climate adaptation is dispersed http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-

scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-issues-and-personal-narratives

Climate adaptation is diffused http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-

scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-issues-and-personal-narratives

A third set of disagreements concerns the boundaries of adaptation: - how will global warming will interfere with natural and social equilibria; - whether adaptation generates additional actions or merely re-labelling; - whether previous problems and opportunities are taken into account.

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Climate adaptation is opportunistic http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-

scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-issues-and-personal-narratives

A fourth set of disagreements concerns therefore the wealth of adaptation: - who will provide resources for adaptation and who will use them; - through which channels will these resources flow; - who will decide how to employ them and who will assess the results.

The failure of COP15 in Copenhagen kidsnewsnetwork.wordpress.com

/tag/copenhagen/

From climate to climates The perfect exercise for controversy mapping

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Yet, controversy mapping is experimental… controverses.sciences-po.fr/

archiveindex/

… and contradictory

Expose the richness of climate controversies

Provide the public with a readable description

And as a result… A classic workflow

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But things got slightly more complicated

Sprints

Sprints (Paris) Sprints (Oxford)

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Sprints (Milan) Drive-In Drive-Out https://github.com/medialab/drive-in

https://github.com/medialab/drive-out

Take a Google Drive folder… … turn them into a website

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http://climaps.eu/

Venturini, T. et al. 2014 Climaps by EMAPS in 2 Pages (A Summary For Policymakers and Busy People in General). SSRNDecember 2, 2014.

Venturini, T., Ricci, D., Mauri, M., Kimbell, L., & Meunier, A. (2015). Designing Controversies and their Publics. Design Issues, 31(3).

Venturini, T., Baya-laffite, N., Cointet, J., Gray, I., Zabban, V., & Pryck, K. De. (2014). Three Maps and Three Misunderstandings : A Digital Mapping of Climate Diplomacy. Big Data and Society, 1(1).

Venturini, T. (2010) Diving in Magma: how to explore controversies with actor-network theory. Public Understanding of Science, 19(3), pp. 258-273

Venturini, T. (2012) Building on Faults: how to represent controversies with digital methods. Public Understanding of Science, 21(7), pp. 796-812

Venturini,)T.)et)al.)2014.)Climaps)by)Emaps)in)2)Pages)(A)Summary)for)Policy)Makers)and)Busy)People)in)General).)Social)Science)Research)Network)(ID)2532946,)http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2532946).)!

Climaps.eu!is!an!online)atlas!providing!data,!visualizations!and!commentaries!about)climate)adaptation)debate.!It)contains)33)issueTmaps.!Each!of!the!maps!focuses!on!one!issue!in!the!adaptation!debate!and!provides:!

o an!interactive!visualization;!

o a!discussion!of!the!map!and!the!findings!that!it!discloses;!

o a!description!of!the!protocol!through!which!the!map!has!been!created;!

o the!raw!and!the!cleaned!data!on!which!the!map!is!based!and!the!code!employed!to!treat!them.!

Climaps.eu!also!contains!5)issueTstories!guiding!the!users!in!the!combined!reading!of!several!maps.!

The!atlas!is)addressed)to)climate)experts!(negotiators,!NGOs!and!companies!concerned!by!global!warming,!journalists…)!and)to)citizens)willing)to)engage)with!the!issues!of!climate!adaptation.!

It!employs!advanced!digital)methods)to)deploy)the)complexity!of!the!issues!related!to!climate!adaptation!and!information)design)to)make)this)complexity)legible.!

Controversy)mapping)and)the)‘sprint’)workshops)Climaps.eu!has!been!produced!by)the)EUTfunded)project)EMAPS)(www.emapsproject.com)!as!largest!experiment!tempted!so!far!with!the!method!of!‘controversy)mapping’.!

Controversy!mapping!is!a!research!technique!developed!in!the!field!of!the!Sciences!and!Technology!Studies!(STS)!to!

deal!with!the!growing!intricacy!of!socioLtechnical!debates.!Instead!of!mourning!such!complexity,!it!aims!to)equip)engaged)citizens)with)tools)to)navigate)through)expert)disagreement.!Instead!of!lamenting!the!fragmentation!of!society,!it!aims!to!facilitate)the)emergence)of)more)heterogeneous)discussion)forums!(cfr:!http://climaps.eu/#/controversyLmapping).!

Such!objectives!are!pursued!

o by!collaborating!with!experts!from!different!camps!in!the!debate,!o by!exploiting!digital!data!and!computation!to!follow!the!weaving!!of!technoLscientific!discourses,!

o and!by!using!design!to!make!such!complexity!readable!for!a!larger!public.!

Because!of!the!necessity!to!organize!a!transTdisciplinary)collaboration!between!controversy!mappers,!issueLexperts,!data!scientists!and!designers,!EMAPS!invented!a)new)format)research)format:)the)‘sprint’.!

Inspired!by!openLsource!hackathons!and!digital!humanities!barcamps,!sprints!are!hybrid)forums)where!30T40)people!with!different!backgrounds!gather)to)work)intensively)for)a)full)week)to)map!a!given!socioLtechnical!issue.!Unlike!its!antecedents,!sprints)are)extensively)prepared)in)advanced!(by!defining!the!research!questions,!collecting!and!cleaning!the!data,!forming!the!groups)!so!that!the!workshops!can!succeed!in!delivering)usable)results!in!oneLweek!time!(cfr:!http://climaps.eu/#/sprints).!

Findings)and)issueTstories)

Adaptation)and)mitigation)in)the)UNFCCC)

Analyzing! the!Earth!Negotiation!Bulletin,!we! identified! the!main!

discussion! in! the!UN!Convention!on!Climate!Change,! traced!their!

visibility!over!time!and!the!countries!engaged!with!them.!

Adaptation! and!mitigation! have! different! places! in! the! UNFCCC.!Mitigation! constitutes! the! main! object! of! the! convention,! is!

present! everywhere! in! its! conversation! and! structures! the!

articulation!of!the!debate.!Adaptation,!on!the!contrary,!appears!as!a! group! of! specific! discussions! and! has! a! limited! though! central!

place!in!the!negotiations.!

Although,! adaptation! is! present! from! the! beginning! in! UN!

conferences! (in! particular! the! question! of! its! funding),! an!‘adaptation! turn’! is! visible! from! 2004! with! the! rise! of! the!

questions!of!vulnerability!and!of!climate!change!impacts.!

cfr:! http://climaps.eu/#!/narrative/mitigationLandLadaptationL

inLtheLunfcccLdebates! )

The)geopolitics)of)adaptation)expenditure)

Using! RioMarkers! coding! we! extracted! from! the! OECD! Official!

Development! Assistance! the! bilateral! adaptation! funding! and!

visualized!in!a!way!that!allows!comparing!how!the!distribution!of!

aid!varies!between!these!countries.!

We! compared! not! only! the! amounts! committed! by! donor!

countries,!but!also!their!preferred!policy!areas,!the!concentration!of!their!aid,!their!favored!recipient!countries!and!closest!UNFCCC!

recipient! groupings,! the! distribution! of! the! aid! according! to! the!

development!level!of!the!recipient!country.!

Some! donor! countries! appear! to! specialize! in! particular! policy!areas:! for! example,! Japan! is! best! at! funding! disaster! reduction;!

France! water! management;! Spain! government! and! civil! society;!UK! biodiversity! and! Germany! agriculture.! Some! countries!

concentrate! their! aid! more! among! policy! areas! and! recipient!

countries!(EU,!Denmark)!than!others!(Spain,!Italy,!Ireland),!which!

could!suggest!a!more!planned!approach!to!adaptation!aid.!

cfr.!http://climaps.eu/#!/narrative/theLgeopoliticsLofLadaptationL

expenditure!!

)

)

Who)deserve)to)be)funded)

We! have! compared! the! priorities! of! biLlateral! and! multiLlateral!adaptation!funders!with!different!ways!of!assessing!vulnerability.!

Using!Germanwatch,!DARA!and!Gain!vulnerability!indices,!as!well!

as! the! Human! Development! index,! we! explored! possible!

correlations!between!the!amount!of!money!allocated!to!a!country!and!the!degree!to!which!it!could!be!said!to!be!climate!vulnerable.!

We! found!both!positive!and!negative!correlations! indicating! that!

some!funds!and!some!countries!prioritize!in!close!alignment!with!the!ways!in!which!some!indices!assess!vulnerability,!while!others!

do! not.! In! general,! development! oriented! indices! correlate!more!

with! climate! adaptation! funding,! providing! evidence! that!

adaptation!and!development!are!closely!connected!questions.!

We! have! also! tried! to! find! out,! where! vulnerability! indices! are!

mentioned! in! climate! related! contexts.! In! general!we! found! that!climate!specific!vulnerability! indices!are!rarely!used!by!actors! in!

the!UNFCCC!process,!but!widely!cited!in!the!new!media.!

cfr.!http://climaps.eu/#!/narrative/whoLdeservesLtoLbeLfunded!!

)

)

)

Reading)The)State)Of)Climate)Change)From)Digital)Media)

Using! a! variety! of! digital! methods,! we! monitored! the! state! of!online!discussion!about!climate.!In!particular,!we!investigate!how!

users! share! ideas! (Twitter),! search! for! information! (Google)! and!

buy!books!related!to!climate!issues!(Amazon).!

In!Twitter!adaptation!is!more!visible!than!mitigation,!with!human!and! animal! victims! capturing! user’s! attention! and! NGOs! most!

effectively! using! the! platform! for! their! messages.! Querying!

Google’s! for! “climate! change”! OR! “global! warming”! adaptationLrelated!results!are!more!abundant!(then!mitigation!or!skepticism)!

and!more!visible!in!institutional!sources.!NGOs!websites!put!food,!

water! and! extreme! weather! events! at! the! top! of! their! agendas.!Looking!at!Amazon!different!‘selling!points’!of!the!climate!change!

debate!are!noted.!New!terminologies!appear!to!brand!the!climate!

conflicts! (i.e.! ‘cold! wars’! for! conflicts! over! the! melting! Arctic),!

while!skepticism!appears!to!be!overtaken,!as!bestLselling!topic.!

cfr.! http://climaps.eu/#!/narrative/readingLtheLstateLofLclimateL

changeLfromLdigitalLmedia!!

)

)

)!