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Response to Earthquakes in ChinaA Case Study of Wenchuan Earthquake

Tong Mingkang

President of ICOMOS CHINA

March 11 2009


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37 world heritage sites, including 26 cultural, 7 natural and 4 mixed.

I. Chinas cultural heritage and natural disasters it faces


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registered immovablemonuments and sites400,000,

under state-level

protection 2,351,under province-level

protection 8,831,under city/county-

level protection 58,371


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110 cities and 251 historically and culturally towns or villages havebeen proclaimed as famous places.
http://www.lvyou114.com/tuku/29/29502.html


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Chi na s t er r i t or y makes up onl y7% of t he l and ar ea of t he wor l d

93

7%

ot her ar eas Chi na

cont i nent al ear t hquakes wi t h amagni t ude of 7. 0 or above i n t he

20t h cent ur

65%

35%


deat hs caused by ear t hquakes i nt he 20t h cent ur

61000051%

59000049%


China is one of the countriessuffering the most intensive and serious

earthquakes and having the largestearthquake deaths in the world.


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14:28, May 12, 2008Wenchuan CountySichuan Province

West China8.0 Richter scale

The sketch map of Wenchuan Earthquake

Beijing

Wenchuan

II. Damage to cultural heritage caused by Wenchuan

Earthquake


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Striking

417 counties,

16 provinces and municipalities,440,000 km 2 area.

69,227 dead.

17,923 missing.

374,643 injured.

1,486,407 rescued and relocated.

economic losses 800 billion RMB,

seismic intensity map

Sichuan

ShaanxiGansu


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In the worst-hit area of

Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxiprovinces, 134 monumentsunder state-level protectionand 242 under province-levelprotection as well as 4,000pieces of museum collectionhave been damaged to

various extents.Sichuan

Shaanxi

Gansu


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Cultural heritage resources of Qiang ethnic group have suffered hugelosses in the earthquake, as they are all distributed in the worst-hit area.


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Qiang village in Taopingpost-earthquake before earthquake


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post-earthquake before earthquake

Qiang village in Taoping


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Damages to historic buildings caused by the earthquake arecategorized by four types:

A. Buildings that completely collapsed;

Lingbao Monastery, located in Sichuanprovince, before earthquake


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post-earthquake


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B. Structures heavily damaged and buildings that partially collapsed;


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C. Structures partially damaged;


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D. Structures left basically intact, but with decorations damaged.


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After-quake surveys indicate routine maintenance is vital to the

protection of Oriental wooden and brick-and-stone structures againstearthquake attacks.crack


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temporary measures being taken

instantly to prevent from further

damages


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The square of Jinsha Site Museum after earthquake


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The second step involved launching surveys and assessments onthe damages and after-quake protection.

Experts are assessing damages to cultural heritage.Expert group is reviewing protection plans.


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Some of the plan and design texts


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The third step mobilized qualified institutes nationwide to providetechnical aid.

To sign counterpart aiding agreement


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The fourth step included implementing projects to rescue and protectquake-hit cultural properties in a scientific, step-by-step manner.

rescue and protection project of Dujiangyan Irrigation System, the World Heritage


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before professional cleaning

after professional cleaning


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before professional cleaning

after professional cleaning


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Recyclable roof tiles are sorted out and place in order.


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Inscribed carvings and building components are numbered and stored collectively.


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rescue and protection project of Diaolou tower in Maerkang


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Training courses have been offered to local artisans in therestoration of Tibetan and Qiang cultural property.


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IV. Some experiences and ideas to share with

colleagues

A well-developed, effective precaution and relief system shouldconsist of five elements :

1.The improved laws and regulations.2.The scientific emergency response mechanisms and plans.

3.The detailed archives on cultural heritage resources.4.The effective monitoring and assessment systems.5.The well-established institutions for cultural heritage

conservation.


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Following principles should be abided by during post-quakerescue and protection:

1.Priority for structure rescue.2.Priority to the protection in original site.3.Priority to traditional approaches of restoration.

4.Priority to earthquake precaution and disaster relief.5.Distinguishing while in-site cleaning.


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Gus tavo Araoz , Vice

Pres ident of ICOMOS and

Secre ta ry General o f

ICOMOS USA

Mouni r Bouchenak i , Di rec t o r

General of ICOMOS

Francesco Bandar in ,

Direc t o r o f Wor ld Her i t ageCenter of UNESCO

Jean-Lou is Luxen to , fo rm er

Secre ta ry General o f

ICOMOS and a c ol leaguefo rm Belg ium

Sher idan Burke , fo rmer Vic e

Pres ident of ICOMOS and a

c o l l e a g ue f ro m A u s t r a l i a

Dinu Bum baru , Secre t a ry

General of ICOMOS

Canada

Lazar Sumanov, Exec u t ive

Co mm i t t e e Me mb e r of

Macedon ian na t iona l i ty o f

ICOMOS

J u k k a J o k i l e ht o ,i n t e rn a t i o n a l ly r e n o w n e d

e x p e r t o n c u l t u r a l h e ri t a g e

Amund Sinding-Larsen ,

Pres ident of ICOMOSN o r w a y

Pat Wi je ra tne , fo rmer

Pres ident of ICOMOS Sri

La n k a

Co l l eagu es w h o d e l iv er ed co n d o len ce l e t t e r s a r e a s

f o l l o w s :

Co l leagues w ho dona ted

a r e a s fo l l o w s :

Mrs . Bened ic te Se l fs lagh,

Ex e c u t i v e C omm i t t e e

Mem ber of ICOMOS

Peter Ph i l l ip s , P res iden t o f

ICOMOS Aust ral ia

Mrs . K r i s t a l B u c k l e y, Vi c e

Pres ident of ICOMOS

Mrs . Sher idan Burke , fo rm er

Vice Pres ident o f ICOMOS

Mr. Rober t Moore , Aus t ra l i a

Exper t

, Pres iden t of ICOMOS

K o re a

, K o re a n c u l t u r a l

a mb a s s a do r f ro m In s t i t u t e

under Korea Commiss ion o f

Cu l tu ra l Her i t ages

, Ex e c u t i v e Co mm i t t e e

Me mb e r o f K o re a nna t iona l i ty o f ICOMOS

Masaru Maeno , Pres iden t o f

ICOMOS J apan


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The World Heritage Committee provided 80, 000 US dollars to bespent on the assessment of damages to World Heritage sites Mt.Qingcheng and Dujiangyan Irrigation System and the Habitat ofGiant Panda.

Chinese participants were invited to present reports on Chinassolutions at international conferences such as the ICOMOS Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting in June, the 32nd session of the WorldHeritage Committee in July, and the 16th ICOMOS GeneralAssembly in September 2008.

From 9 to 13 February, 2009, China and Japan held a jointsymposium in Sichuan to exchange views on the practices and

experiences in protecting cultural heritage against earthquakes, andpost-quake rescue and protection of cultural heritage.


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Thank you!

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