Top 5Most Valuable Glands

Top 5Most Valuable Glands

Diane Banderas and Shelby KnorrDiane Banderas and Shelby Knorr

Pituitary Gland(The Master Gland)

Pituitary Gland(The Master Gland)

Function regulation of gonads, thyroid,

adrenal cortex, lactation, and water balance. It is controlled by the Hypothalamus.

Disease Malfunction usually results

from a tumor (adenoma). Causes over or under

production of hormones which can affect many systems in the body.

Can also become enlarged.

Function regulation of gonads, thyroid,

adrenal cortex, lactation, and water balance. It is controlled by the Hypothalamus.

Disease Malfunction usually results

from a tumor (adenoma). Causes over or under

production of hormones which can affect many systems in the body.

Can also become enlarged.

Removal Leakage of cerebrospinal

fluid through nose Inflammation of

membranes around brain and spine

Treatment After Life-Long hormone

replacement therapy

Removal Leakage of cerebrospinal

fluid through nose Inflammation of

membranes around brain and spine

Treatment After Life-Long hormone

replacement therapy

OvariesOvaries

Function Produces ova (eggs) Female reproductive

Disease Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Ovaries produce higher amounts of androgens

Interferes with egg develop. = cysts

Trouble having children Weight-gain Diabetes, high blood pressure

Ovarian Cancer Digestive and bladder issues

Function Produces ova (eggs) Female reproductive

Disease Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Ovaries produce higher amounts of androgens

Interferes with egg develop. = cysts

Trouble having children Weight-gain Diabetes, high blood pressure

Ovarian Cancer Digestive and bladder issues

Removal Oophorecotmy If one is removed menstruation

continues If both are removed

menstruation stops and woman cannot have children

Treatment After Non-hormonal biphosphonates

+ bone strenth - hot flashes

Hormonal replacement therapy

Regulation of many bodily functions

Removal Oophorecotmy If one is removed menstruation

continues If both are removed

menstruation stops and woman cannot have children

Treatment After Non-hormonal biphosphonates

+ bone strenth - hot flashes

Hormonal replacement therapy

Regulation of many bodily functions

TestesTestes

Function Produces sperm Male reproductive

Disease Endocrine disorders

Affects size and function Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Infertility Low levels of testosterone Less facial and body hair Less muscular May have trouble using

language and fitting in

Function Produces sperm Male reproductive

Disease Endocrine disorders

Affects size and function Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Infertility Low levels of testosterone Less facial and body hair Less muscular May have trouble using

language and fitting in

Removal Orchiectomy = 1

Can still father children Bi-Lateral Orchiectomy = 2

Can’t father children

Treatment After Bank sperm Replace testosterone

levels

Removal Orchiectomy = 1

Can still father children Bi-Lateral Orchiectomy = 2

Can’t father children

Treatment After Bank sperm Replace testosterone

levels

Adrenal Gland(s)Adrenal Gland(s)Function

•Works interactively with the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland•The adrenal cortex produces hormones called corticosteroids that influence or regulate salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function.•The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, such as epinephrine (adrenaline), which increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body experiences stress.Disease•If left untreated, diseases of the adrenal glands can be fatal

•Addison’s Disease, Adrenal Gland Disorders, Adrenal Tumors, Cushing’s SyndromeRemoval•Only removed in cases of adrenal cancer•There is a drop in hormone production•Without hormone replacement, the patient can develop diabetes, obesity, high-blood pressure, and other symptoms of a nonfunctioning metabolism•May only have to remove one, but removal of both can be necessaryTreatment After Removal•Hormone replacement therapies•If only one adrenal gland is removed, then living without the uses of hormonal supplements is possible

Pineal GlandPineal GlandFunction

•Causes feeling of sleepiness•Converts nervous system signals to endocrine signals•Regulates Endocrine Functions•Sexual development•Metabolism•Processing solar light•Secretion of melatonin

•Is enhanced whenever the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated•Production of melatonin is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light

Diseases•Tumors•Are rare and occur most often in children and young adults•Most are germ cell tumors•Headaches, vomiting, seizures•Diabetes, secondary sex characteristicsRemoval•Very rare that the pineal gland is removed•Usually only if there is severe cancerTreatment After Removal•Hormone replacement therapies must take place because the functions of the pineal gland are very important to the body’s functions