topic 10 the distribution of organisms. ecosystem recall that an ecosystem is defined as a community...
DESCRIPTION
Important abiotic factors Terrestrial ecosystems: –Atmospheric—Light intensity, humidity, precipitation, air temperature –Soil—nutrient availability, moisture, pH, texture and porosity, temperature –Water—precipitation levels, pH Aquatic ecosystems: –Atmospheric—wind speed and direction, air temperature, light intensity –Water—dissolved nutrients, run-off, precipitation, turbidity, oxygen saturation (DO), water temperature Marine ecosystems: –Nutrient availability, salinity, air and water temperature, wind speed and direction (influences currents), turbidity, dissolved gasesTRANSCRIPT
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Topic 10The Distribution of Organisms
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Ecosystem• Recall that an ecosystem is defined as a
community of living organisms interacting with each other and the physical environment.
• The major categories of components are:– Biota– Atmosphere– Soil– Water
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Important abiotic factors• Terrestrial ecosystems:
– Atmospheric—Light intensity, humidity, precipitation, air temperature
– Soil—nutrient availability, moisture, pH, texture and porosity, temperature
– Water—precipitation levels, pH• Aquatic ecosystems:
– Atmospheric—wind speed and direction, air temperature, light intensity
– Water—dissolved nutrients, run-off, precipitation, turbidity, oxygen saturation (DO), water temperature
• Marine ecosystems:– Nutrient availability, salinity, air and water
temperature, wind speed and direction (influences currents), turbidity, dissolved gases
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Earth’s Climate Zones
Figure 5-2Figure 5-2
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Terrestrial biome distribution
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Climate constraints
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Range of tolerance
• Tolerance ranges exist for multiple factors: temperature, pH, light intensity, oxygen or carbon dioxide availability, salinity, etc.• This is closely related to the concept of limiting factors.• The distribution of species is determined by the ranges of abiotic factors present in an area.
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Gradients• Abiotic factors are not evenly distributed within
ecosystems.– Stratification
• This leads to micro-habitats within ecosystems
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Gradients
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What keeps a species in a place?
• Evolutionary constraints• On what level does evolution take
place?– Individuals– Populations– Species
• What is the mechanism of evolution?
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Evolution and adaptations
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Evolution and adaptations
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Evolution and adaptations