Topic: All about Acids

Do Now:

IDENTIFY an AcidCovalent Formulas that start with H

(exception: H2O2 and

H2O) or end with COOH

Table K

Properties of Acids1. Sour taste

2. Electrolytes:

- ionize in water =conduct electric current

- HCl H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

- HNO3 H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)

3. React with bases to form water and salt (Neutralization Reaction)

4. React with most metals to produce H2(g) and a salt1. Why not all metals? HINT: Table J

5. Acids turn litmus red

HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H22

Arrhenius Acid• Substance that contains hydrogen &

ionizes in water to produce H+1 ions in aqueous solution

HCl(g) H+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq)

HNO3 H+1(aq) + NO3-1(aq)

• An in H+ ions makes the solution Acidic

H2O

H2O

Arrhenius Acid are always in water

HCl(g) + H2O H+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq)

HCl(g) + H2O H3O+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq)

(hydronium ion) = H+

Quick check

1. According to the arrhenius theory, a substance that is classified as an acid will always yield

A. H+(aq) B. K+(aq) C. F-(aq) D. X+(aq)

2. Which substance is an electrolyte and an arrhenius acid?A. LiF(aq) B. HBr (aq) C. Mg(OH)2(aq) D.

CH3COH

There are limitation to this modelSo an alternative theory is used…

Bronsted-Lowery Theory• Acid = a proton donor• All Arrhenius acids = Bronsted-Lowry Acids but it

includes more…

HNO3+ H2O(l) H3O+1 + NO3-1

HNO3 = acid

:NH3 + H2O NH4+1 + OH-1

Who’s acts like the acid this time?

H2O

Water is amphoteric!Amphoteric = Substance that acts as both

acid & base

Naming Binary Acids

• Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic

HF = ?

HCl = ?

H2S = ?

Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrosulfic acid

Naming Ternary Acids• Name derived from polyatomic anion

(see Table E)• Replace –ite with –ous, add acid

HNO2 • Replace –ate with –ic, add acid

HNO3

nitrous acid

nitric acid

Ternary Acidspolyatomics with S and P, make stem long again

–H3PO4 = phosphoric acid, not phosphic acid

–H2SO4 = sulfuric acid, not sulfic acid

–H2SO3 = sulfurous acid, not sulfous acid

•SEE TABLE K

Not all acids are created equal• Strong acids completely dissociate – HCl H+ + Cl-

– HNO3 H+ + NO3-

– HBr H+ + Br-

– HI H+ + I-

• Weak acids – HF– CH3COOH• Acetic acid• Ethanoic acid

Strong acid in water = almost no original HA leftall converted to H3O+ and A-

Weak Acid

Which would be a better electrolyte?

• HF or HI

• HCl or CH3COOH

Car Batteries

Car batteries are typically made of plates of lead and separate lead dioxide plates what are submerged into an solution of about 65% water and 35% H2SO4

WHY do you think this is?

REVIEW

• Acids: start with H or end with COOH– Produces H+ ions– Proton Donor

• Bases: metal + OH– Produces OH- ions– Proton Acceptor