topic chapter 23 history mayans intro
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Mayan introductionTRANSCRIPT
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TOPIC Chapter 23 History: Civilizations of the AmericasEQ: Who were the Maya? Where did they come from?
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There were 3 civilizations in the Americas… • Mayans
• Aztecs• Incas• They all lived in Central
and South America• When settled, they
began to farm• More food, increase in
population• Increase in trading, use
of different languages
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First, we will explore the Mayans!• Civilization lasted 3,
500 years!– 2000B.C.E. -1500 C.E.
• They lived in S. Mexico and parts of Central America
• Ruins of Mayan cities still exist– Tikal lies in the
Guatemala jungle and is 1 of 40 Mayan cities
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• Just as the Roman Empire fell (476 C.E.) in Western Europe, the Maya were developing in the Americas
• Mayan civilization spread over Mesoamerica (modern day Mexico)– Lived in jungles, forests, rainforests, swamps,
and grasslands
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Mayans were influenced by:• Olmec people
– Lived on east coast of Mexico 1200-500 BCE
– Grew maize as major food supply
– Farming allowed them to create PERMANENT settlements
– Built temples and even used solar (SUN) calendars
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There were 3 major Mayan periods of civilization:
#1 – Pre-Classical period (2000 B.C.E. to 300 C.E.-During this time, Maya farmed land and lived in simple homes or compounds
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As the population increased,
• Maya constructed public buildings for gov’t and religious purposes
• 50 BCE – created form of writing called hieroglyphics – Pictures or symbols
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Mayan civilization reached its peak during CLASSIC PERIOD 300-900 CE • Adapted/developed
ideas from Olmec• Though Mayans had no
metal tools or wheels, built HUGE stone temples
• Charted movement of moon, starts, planets
• Used knowledge of astronomy/math to create calendars
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Mayans lived in independent city states: Tikal, Copan, Chichen Itza, Palenque
• Mayan society was structured like a pyramid
• Rulers of each city-state was at top
• Ruler (Halach) was like god king– He decided when to
do to war, wore headdress
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Around 900 CE, Classic Civilization collapsed!
• Maya abandoned cities • No one really knows
why• To the north, on
Yucatan Peninsula, Mayan cities continued to grow
• This is POST-Classic period 900-1500 CE
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Under the ruler were…
• Nobles and priests• They were only
Mayans who could read or write!
• Helped collext taxes, supplies
• In charge of archetecture projects
• Led rituals