topik 10 rate of reaction

7/29/2019 Topik 10 Rate of Reaction

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1 Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to produce oxygen and water.

The results of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide are given below.

Hidrogen peroksida mengurai membebaskan oksigen dan air.

Keputusan satu eksperimen penguraian hidrogen peroksida diberi di bawah.

Time(s)Masa (s)

0 15 30 45 60 75 90

Volume of O2 (cm )

Isipadu O2 (cm3)

0 16 30 40 48 48 48

What is the average rate of this reaction?

Berapakah kadar tindak balas ini purata?

A 0.53 cm s-

B 0.80 cm s-

C 1.88 cm s-

D 2.56 cm s-

2 Which explanation is paired correctly with the application of the rate of reaction?

Pasangan manakah yang betul bagi menerangkan aplikasi kadar tindak balas?

Application

Aplikasi

Explanation

Penerangan

A It is easier to light a fire using

small pieces of charcoal.

Adalah lebih mudah menyalakan

api menggunakan ketulan kecil

arang.

Total surface area exposed to air is

smaller.

Jumlah luas permukaan terdedah

kepada udara adalah lebih kecil.

B Fish and meat are normally kept

in a freezer.

Ikan dan daging disimpan dalam

pembeku sejuk.

The low temperature slows down the

rate of bacterial metabolism.

Suhu yang rendah merendahkan

kadar metabolisme bakteria.

C Food cooks faster in a pressure

cooker.

Makanan dimasak lebih cepat

dalam periuk tekanan.

The high pressure decreases the

number of water molecules in

contact with the food.

Tekanan yang tinggi mengurangkanbilangan molekul air yang bersentuh

dengan makanan.

D Iron is used in the industrial

manufacture of ammonia.

Besi digunakan dalam

pembuatan ammonia dalam

industri.

To increase the activation energy of

the reaction.

Untuk meningkatkan tenaga

pengaktifan tindak balas.


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3 The equation below shows the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid to producehydrogen gas

Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik untuk

menghasilkan gas hidrogen.

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Which of the following will increase the rate of reaction?Antara berikut yang manakah akan meningkatkan kadar tindak balas?

I Use larger size of zincMenggunakan zink yang bersaiz besar

II Use higher concentration of hydrochloric acidMenggunakan kepekatan asid hidroklorik yang tinggi

III Increase the temperature of reactionMeningkatkan suhu tindak balas

IV Increase the volume of hydrochloric acidMenambahkan isi padu asid hidroklorik

A

B

C

D

I and II only

I dan II sahaja

III and IV only

III dan IV sahaja

II and III only

II dan III sahaja

I, II and III onlyI, II dan III sahaja

4 Which of the following is a fast reaction?Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan tindak balas yang cepat?

A Rusting

Pengaratan

B PrecipitationPemendakan

C Fermentation

Penapaian

D PhotosynthesisFotosintesis


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5 In an experiment, the reaction between 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid with excesszinc produces hydrogen gas. The graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time issketched. Curve T is obtained.Dalam satu eksperimen, tindak balas antara 25 cm

3asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm

-3dengan zink

berlebihan menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Graf isipadu gas hidrogen melawan masa dilakarkan.Lengkung T diperolehi.

If the experiment is repeated using another solution of nitric acid, which solution willproduce curve U?Sekiranya eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan asid nitrik yang lain, larutanmanakah yang akan menghasilkan lengkung U?

A 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid25 cm

3larutan asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm

-3

B 30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid30 cm


-3

C 50 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid50 cm


-3

D 100 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid100 cm


-3

6. The following statements are related to the collision theory of a reactionPernyataan-pernyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran suatu tindak balas.

Which of the following combination is true about the effect of the concentration on the reactant

particles?

Antara kombinasi berikut yang manakahbenar tentang kesan kepekatan ke atas

zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas

I The total surface area of the reactant particles increases

Jumlah luas permukaan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah

II The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increasesTenaga kinetik zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah

Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm

3

Time/sMasa/s

U

T


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III The number of the reactant particles per one unit of volume increases

Bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas per satu unit isipadu bertambah

IV The frequency of the collision between the reactant particles increases

Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah

A I and II only

I dan II sahaB II and III only

II dan III sahaja

C I and IV only

I dan IV sahaja

D III and IV only

III dan IV sahaja

7.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a catalyst?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakahbukan ciri mangkin?

A A catalyst is specific in its reaction

Mangkin adalah khusus dalam tindak balasnya

B A catalyst inflauences the quantity of product of reaction

Mangkin mempengaruhi kuantiti hasil tindak balas

C The chemical property of a catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

Sifat kimia mangkin tetap tidak berubah di akhir tindak balas

D Only a little amount of a catalyst is needed to influence the rate of reaction

Hanya sedikit mangkin diperlukan untuk mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas

8. The equation below represents the reaction between calcium carbonate and

hydrochloric acid.

Persamaan di bawah mewakili tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid

hidroklorik.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Which of the following graphs shows the changes of volume of carbon dioxide against

the time of reaction?

Antara graf berikut, yang manakah betul bagi menunjukkan perubahan isipadu gas

karbon dioksida terhadap masa tindak balas?


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A

B

C

D

Volume CO2/cm

Isipadu CO2/cm3

Time/min

Masa/minVolume CO2/cm

Isipadu CO2/cm3

Volume CO2/cm

Isipadu CO2/cm3

Volume CO2/cm3

Isipadu CO2/cm3

Time/minMasa/min

Time/min

Masa/min

Time/min

Masa/min


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9 Table 5 shows the total volume of oxygen, collected in the decomposition of hydrogen

peroxide catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu oksigen yang dikumpul dalam penguraian hidrogen

peroksida yang dimangkinkan oleh mangan(IV) oxida.

Time (min)

Masa0 1 2 3 4 5

Volume of gas

Isipadu gas (cm3)

0 11.20 23.60 29.70 31.40 31.40

Table 5

Jadual 5

What is the average rate of reaction

Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata?

A 6.28 cm min-

B 7.85 cm min-

C 9.90 cm min-

D 11.80 cm min-

10 Diagram 14 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate of

reaction between sodium thiosulphate and sulphuric acid.

Rajah 14 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak

balas antara natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfuric.

Diagram 14

Rajah 14

Sodium thiosulphate solution and

sulphguric acid

Natrium tiosulfat dan asid sulfurik

White paper

Kertas putih

Mark X

Tanda X


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TRIAL PERLIS 200911 Which of the following is a slow reaction?

Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan tindak balas perlahan?

A PrecipitationPemendakan

B NeutralisationPeneutralan

C DisplacementPenyesaran

D FermentationPenapaian

12 The figure shows an energy level diagram.

Rajah menunjukkan gambarajah aras tenaga.

What is the activation energy for this reaction?

Apakah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini?

A mB n

Which of the following combination of the conditions take shortest time for the mark

X to disappear from sight?

Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut yang manakah mengambil masa paling singkat

untuk tanda X hilang daripada penglihatan?

Sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik

Sodium Thiosulphate solution

Larutan natrium tiosulfat Temperature

Suhu

(oC)

Volume

Isipadu

(cm3)

Concentration

Kepekatan

(mol dm-3

)

Volume

Isipadu

(cm3)

Concentration

Kepekatan

(mol dm-3

)

A 5 1.0 50 0.4 30

B 5 1.0 50 0.4 40

C 5 0.5 50 0.4 30

D 10 0.5 45 0.4 40

Energy

Tenaga

Reaction path

Laluan tindakbalas


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C

D q

13 Table 4 shows the total volume of oxygen, collected in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxidecatalyzed by manganese(IV) oxide.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu oksigen yang dikumpul dalam penguraian hidrogen peroksidayang dimangkinkan oleh mangan(IV) oksida.

Time (min)Masa

0 1 2 3 4 5

Volume of gasIsipadu gas (cm

3)

0.00 12.20 24.60 30.70 32.40 32.40

Table 4Jadual 4

What is the average rate of reaction between first minute and third minute?Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata antara minit pertama dan minit ketiga?

A 18.50 cm3

min-1

B 9.25 cm3

min-1

C 8.10 cm3

min-1

D 6.48 cm3

min-1

14 The equation represents the reaction between zinc granules and dilute sulphuric acid.

Persamaan kimia mewakili tindak balas di antara ketulan zink dengan asid sulfurik

cair.

H2SO4 + Zn ZnSO4 + H2

An increase in which factor will cause the production of hydrogen gas to be faster?

Peningkatan faktor manakah menyebabkan penghasilan gas hydrogen yang lebih

cepat?

A PressureTekanan

B Volume of acid

Isipadu asid

C Size of zinc granules

Saiz granul zink

D Temperature of the mixture

Suhu campuran


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15 The following statements are related to the collision theory of a reactionPernyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran bagi satu tindak balas

Which of the following combinations is true about the effect of the rise in temperature on the

reactant particles?Antara kombinasi berikut yang manakah benar tentang kesan peningkatan suhu ke atas

zarah bahan tindak balas?I Total surface area of the reactant particles increases

Jumlah luas permukaan zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah

II The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increasesTenaga kinetik zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah

III The frequency of the collision between the reactant particles increasesFrekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah

IV The number of reactant particles per unit volume increasesBilangan zarah bahan tindak balas per unit isipadu bertambah

A

B

C

D

I and II only

I dan II sahaja

II and III only

II dan III sahaja

III and IV only

III dan IV sahaja

I and IV onlyI dan IV sahaja

16 The following equation shows a reaction to produce hydrogen gas.

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen.

Which of the following statements will increase the rate of production of hydrogen gas ?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah akan meningkatkan kadar penghasilan gas

hidrogen?

A

B

C

D

Increase the time of reactionMemanjangkan masa tindak balas

Increase the volume of acid

Menambahkan isipadu asid

Increase the size of granulated magnesium

Menambahkan saiz butir magnesium

Increase the temperature of the mixture

Meningkatkan suhu campuran

2HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2


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Trial kedah 2009

17 Figure 12 shows the graph of total volume of oxygen gas released against time for

the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan graf bagi jumlah isipadu gas oksigen yang terbebas

melawan masa untuk penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

Which of the following is the inference from the graph?

Manakah yang berikut adalah inferens daripada graf ?

I

II

III

IV

Rate of gas released at t2 is zero

Kadar pembebasan gas pada t2 adalah sifar

The average rate of gas released in duration t1 is V/t1 cm3

min-1

Purata kadar pembebasan gas dalam tempoh t1 ialah V/t1 cm3

min-1

Rate of gas released at the initial reaction is highestKadar pembebasan gas pada permulaan tindak balas adalah paling tinggi

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide decreases with time

Penguraianhidrogen peroksida berkurangan dengan masa.

A

B

C

D

I , II and III only

I, III and IV only

II, III and IV only

I,II ,III and IV

18 Graph 1 in Figure 13 is obtained from the reaction between 5 g of large marblechips and 100 cm

31.0 mol dm

-3of hydrochloric acid.

Graf I dalam Rajah 13 dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara 5 g ketulan

marmar dan 100 cm3

1.0 mol dm-3

asid hidroklorik.

Figure 12


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Which of the following reaction will produce graph 2?

Manakah antara tindak balas berikut akan menghasilkan graf 2?

A

B

C

D

5 g large marble chips added to 100 cm 1.0 mol dm-

hydrochloric acid

5 g ketulan marmar ditambah kepada 100 cm3

1.0 mol dm-3

asid hidroklorik

5 g crushed marble chips added to 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid5 g serbuk marmar ditambah kepada 100 cm

31.0 mol dm

-3asid hidroklorik

5 g large marble chips added to 50 cm3

1.0 mol dm-3

hydrochloric acid

5 g ketulan marmar ditambah kepada 50 cm3

1.0 mol dm-3

asid hidroklorik

5 g crushed marble chips added to 50 cm3

1.0 mol dm-3

hydrochloric acid

5 g serbuk marmar ditambah kepada 50 cm3

1.0 mol dm-3

asid hidroklorik

19 The table shows the volume of oxygen gas released for the decomposition of hydrogenperoxide.

Jadual menunjukkan isipadu gas oksigen yang dibebaskan bagi penguraian

hidrogen peroksida.

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Volume of oxygen (cm3) 0.0 6.6 12.5 17.9 23.0 27.8 31.8 35.2

What is the average rate of reaction in the third minutes?

Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata pada minit ke tiga?

A

B

C

D

0.11 cm

3

s

-1

0.13 cm3s-1

0.15 cm3s-1

0.18 cm3s-1

Figure 13


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20 In an experiment, the reaction between 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid with excess zincproduces hydrogen gas. The graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time is sketched.A curve T is obtained.

Dalam satu eksperimen, tindak balas antara 25 cm3asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm-3denganzink berlebihan menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Graf isipadu gas hidrogen melawan

masa dilakarkan. Lengkung T diperolehi.

If the experiment is repeated using another solution, which solution will produce curve U?

Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan manakahyang akan menghasilkan lengkung U?

A 25 cm of 0.2 mol dm- nitric acid

25 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.2 mol dm-3

B 30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid

30 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm-3

C 50 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid50 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.05 mol dm-3

D 100 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid100 cm3 larutan asid nitrik 0.05 mol dm-3

Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3

Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm3

U

T

Time/second


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21 Figure 10 shows the graph of total volume of carbon dioxide against time for the

reaction of a metal carbonate with dilute acid for experiment P and experiment Q.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan graf bagi jumlah isipadu karbon dioksida melawan masa

bagi tindak balas karbonat logam dengan asid cair bagi eksperimen P dan

eksperimen Q.

Which of the following explains the differences between both curves from the

experiments?

Antara berikut, yang manakah menerangkan perbezaan antara dua lengkuk bagi

eksperimen tersebut?

22 Which of the following is the characteristic of a catalyst?Antara berikut, yang manakah ciri mangkin?

A Catalyst changes chemically after a reactionMangkin berubah secara kimia selepas suatu tindak balas

B Catalyst increases the quantity of the productMangkin meningkatkan kuantiti hasil tindak balas

C Catalyst may change physically after a reaction

Mangkin berubah secara fizikal selepas suatu tindak balasD Catalyst is required in a large amount in a reactionMangkin diperlukan dalam kuantiti yang banyak dalam suatu tindak balas

I

II

III

IV

Temperature of acid in experiment P is higher than in experiment Q

Suhu asid dalam eksperimen P lebih tinggi daripada dalam eksperimen Q

Catalyst is used in experiment P but not in experiment Q

Mangkin digunakan dalam eksperimen P tetapi tidak dalam eksperimen Q

Quantities of metal carbonate and acid used in experiment P are more than

that in experiment Q

Kuantiti karbonat logam dan asid dalam eksperimen P melebihi dalam

eksperimen Q

Small particle size of metal carbonate is used in experiment P and big

particle size of metal carbonate is used in experiment Q

Saiz zarah karbonat logam yang kecil digunakan dalam eksperimen P dan

saiz zarah karbonat logam yang besar digunakan dalam eksperimen Q

A

B

CD

III and IV only

I , II and III only

I, II and IV onlyI, II , III and IV

Figure 10


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23 Which of the following reactants produces the highest rate of reaction with magnesium powder?Antara bahan tindak balas berikut, yang manakah menghasilkan kadar tindak balas paling tinggi

dengan serbuk magnesium?

A

B

C

D

25 cm of ethanoic acid 0.1 mol dm-

25 cm3asid etanoik0.1 mol dm

-3

25 cm3

of nitric acid 0.1 mol dm-3

25 cm3asid nitrik0.1 mol dm

-3

25 cm3

of hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm-3

25 cm3asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm

-3

25 cm3

of sulphuric acid 0.1 mol dm-3

25 cm3asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm

-3

24 Diagram 11 shows the graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced against time for thereaction of excess zinc carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid

Rajah 11 menunjukkan graf isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas melawan masa bagi tindak

balas antara zink karbonat berlebihan dengan asid sulfurik cair.

Diagram 11Rajah 11

The gradient of the graph decreases with time becauseKecerunan graf semakin berkurang terhadap masa kerana

A

B

C

D

catalyst is not usedmangkin tidak digunakan

temperature of reaction decreasessuhu tindak balas semakin menurun

volume of mixure decreasesisi padu campuran semakin menurun

concentration of sulphuric acid decreaseskepekatan asid sulfurik semakin berkurang

Volume of carbon

dioxide gas

Isi adu as karbon

Time/sMasa


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25 The diagram shows an energy profile for a reaction which is represented by the following

equation:

Rajah menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi tindak balas yang diwakili oleh persamaanberikut:

R + S P + Q

What is the activation energy for this reaction?

Apakah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini?

A

B

C

D

y kJ

x kJ

(y x) kJ

(x y) kJ

26 The chemical equation shows the reaction between copper and silver nitrate solution.Persamaan kimia menunjukkan tindak balas di antara kuprum dengan larutan argentumnitrat.

Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

Which of the following increases the frequency of the effective collisions of the reactingparticles?

x kJ

y kJ

R + S

P + Q

Energy

Tena a


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Antara berikut, yang manakah akan meningkatkan frekuensi perlanggaran berkesanbahan tindak balas?

A Decrease the size of copperMengurangkan saiz kuprum

B Increase the mass of copperMenambahkan jisim kuprum

C Increase the volume of silver nitrate solutionMenambahkan isipadu larutan argentum nitrat

D Decrease the temperature of silver nitrate solutionMerendahkan suhu larutan argentum nitrat

27 Table 2 shows the reaction conditions of two experiments to investigate the rate ofreaction between nitric acid and granulated zinc.Jadual 2 menunjukkan keadaan tindak balas bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkajikadar tindak balas di antara asid nitrik dengan ketulan zink.

Experiment Mass ofgranulated zinc(g)

Volume of nitricacid(cm3)

Concentration of nitricacid(mol dm-3)

I 2.0 100 0.1

II 2.0 50 0.2

TABLE 2

Which of the following is the correct graph of volume of hydrogen gas released againsttime for both Experiment I and Experiment II?

A B

C DI

Volume of hydrogengas/cm

3

Time/s

I

II


3

Time/s

I

II


3

Time/s

II

I


3

Time/s

III


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28. Table 8 shows the total volume of carbon dioxide gas collected from the reactionbetween hydrochloric acid and excess marble chips.

Jadual 8 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terkumpul dalam tindakbalas antara asid hidroklorik dengan ketulan marmar berlebihan.

TABLE 8JADUAL 8

What is the average rate of reaction in the first second minute?Apakah kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua?

A 0.17 cm3 s-1

B 0.22 cm

3

s

-1

C 0.33 cm3 s-1D 0.45 cm3 s-1

Time(s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Volume of carbon dioxide gas(cm ) 0 15 27 35 40 44 44 44


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PAPER 2

SECTION A

1Diagram 5 shows two experiments to investigate one factor that affects the rate of reactionbetween zinc and hydrochloric acid.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji satu factor yang mempengaruhi kadartindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.

a) (i) Based on Diagram 5, state the factor that affects the rate of reaction in thisexperiment.

Berdasarkan Rajah 5 nyatakan factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalameksperimen ini.

...................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

Diagram 5Rajah 5

50 cm

of 1.0 mol dm

-

hydrochloric acid

50 cm3of 1.0 mol dm

-3asid

hidroklorik

Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

Excess zinc granulesButiran zink berlebihan

50 cmof 1.0 mol dm

-

hydrochloric acid +Copper (II) sulphate solution

50 cm3of 1.0 mol dm

-3

asid hidroklorik +Larutan kuprum (II) sulfat

Excess zinc granulesButiran zink berlebihan

Experiment IIEksperimen II

Experiment IEksperimen I



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(ii) How to determine the rate of reaction in this experiment.Bagaimanakah kadar tindak balas ditentukan dalam eksperimen ini?

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

b) In Experiment II 2.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution is added. Themaximum volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment I is V cm3

Dalam Eksperimen II 2.0 cm3

larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3

ditambah. Isipadumaksimum gas yang terbebas dalam Eksperimen I ialah V cm

3.

(i) What is the volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment II compare toExperiment I? Explain.

Apakah isipadu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan dalam Eksperimen II berbandingEksperimen I.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(ii) The graph for the volume of gas against time for Experiment I is sketched asshown in Graph 5.1.Graf isipadu gas melawan masa untuk Eksperimen I dilakarkan seperti

ditunjukkan dalam Graf 5..1

Sketch the curve for experiment II on the same axes in Graph 5.1Lakarkan lengkung untuk Eksperimen II di atas paksi yang sama dalam Graf 5.1.

[2 marks]

Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm

3

Time/sMasa/s

Graph 5.1Graf 5.1

Key :Kunci

Experiment I:Eksperimen I

Experiment II:Eksperimen II

V

Experiment IEkpserimen I


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(ii)Referring to the collision theory of particles, explain how does copper (II) sulphatesolution affects the rate of reaction?Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana larutan kuprum(II) sulfatmempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?

...

...........

............................................................................................................................

[3 marks]

c) Table 5 shows three experiments done by a student.Jadual 5 menunjukkan tiga eksperimen yang telah dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar.

Experiment

Eksperimen

Reactants

Bahan tindak balas

A

Excess calcium carbonate chips and 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid.

Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 25 cm3

asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3

.

B




.

C




.

The graph of carbon dioxide gas produced against time is sketch as shown inGraph 5.2. .

Table 5

Experiment A

Time/sMasa/s

Volume of carbon dioxide/ cm3

Isipadu karbon dioksida/cm3

GRAPH 5.2GRAF 5.2


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Based on Table 5 and graph 5.2 , determine which curves represent theresults of Experiment B and Experiment C. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

Berdasarkan Jadual 5 dan Graf 5.2, tentukan lengkung manakah mewakili keputusan bagi

Eksperimen B dan C. Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam kotak yang disediakan [2 marks]

2. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen gas in the presence of acatalyst. Two experiments were carried out to compare the effects of two differentcatalysts on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. In each experiment,0.010 mol of the different catalyst was added to 40cm3 of 0.05 mol dm3 hydrogenperoxide solution. The volume of oxygen produced was measured at 30 secondsintervals. The results were plotted in the graphs below.

Hidrogen peroksida terurai kepada air dan gas oksigen dalam kehadiran suatumangkin. Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk membandingkan kesan duamangkin yang berbeza ke atas kadar penguraian hidrogen peroksida. Dalam setiapeksperimen, sebanyak 0.010 mol mangkin yang berbeza telah ditambahkan kedalam 40 cm3 0.05moldm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida.. Isipadu oksigen yang

terhasil diukur pada selang masa 30 saat. Keputusan yang didapati diplot pada grafdibawah.

Graph of volume of oxygen gas against time

Graf isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa

60

Volumeof

oxygen/cm

3

[isipaduoksigen/cm

3]

10

20

30

40

50

030

1501209060 180 210

Time/s [masa/s]

Experiment I :Manganese(IV) oxide as catalyst

Experiment II: Iron (III) oxide as catalyst


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(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of apparatus that can be used for theseexperiments.

Lukis satu gambarajah berlabel bagi radas yang boleh digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.

[2 marks]

(b) Calculate the average rate of reaction for the first 90 seconds for Experiment I andExperiment II from the above graph.Hitungkan kadar purata tindakbalas bagi 90 saat pertama bagi Eksperimen I danEksperiment II daripada graf di atas.

(i) Experiment I [Eksperimen I.]

[2 marks]

(ii) Experiment II [Eksperimen II ]

[2 marks]

(c) Based on your results in b(i) and b(ii), name the better catalyst.Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam b(i) dan b(ii), namakan mangkin yang lebih baik.

............................................................................................................................ ....................[1 mark]

(d) If Experiment II is allowed to continue until the reaction is completed, predict the totalvolume of oxygen that will be produced.Jika Eksperimen II dibiarkan berterusan sehingga tindakbalas selesai, ramalkanjumlah isipadu oksigen yang akan terhasil.

................................................................................................................................................


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[1 mark]

(e) A third experiment was carried out using 40cm3 of 0.1mol dm3 hydrogen peroxideaqueous solution and 0.010 mol of manganese (IV)oxide. Sketch the curve you wouldexpect to obtain on the same axis and label it as P.Satu eksperimen yang ketiga telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan 40cm30.1moldm3 larutan akeuas hidrogen peroksida dan 0.010 mol mangan(IV)oksida. Lakarkanlengkung yang dijangka akan didapati pada paksi yang sama dan labelkan graf itusebagaiP.

[2 marks]


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2 Experiments are carried out to investigate the rate of reaction between zinc and nitric

acid.

Table 4 shows the information of reactants used in each experiment.

Experiment Reactant

I Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid.

II Excess zinc granules and 50.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid.

The maximum volume of gas released in Experiment II is 60 cm3. The graph for thevolume of gas against time for Experiment II is sketched as shown in Graph 2.

a)Based on the experiment, define the meaning of the rate of reaction.

[1 mark]

b) Write the chemical formula for the gas released in these experiments.

TABLE 4

Volume of gas/cm3

Time/s

60

80

GRAPH 2


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[1 mark]

c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment II.

[1 mark]

d) The chemical equation for Experiment I is shown below.

Zn + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2

Based on Table 4, calculate the maximum volume of gas released in Experiment I.[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]

[3 marks]

e) Sketch the curve for Experiment I on the same axes in Graph 2.

[2 marks]

f) Using the collision theory, explain why there is a difference between the rate ofreaction in Experiments I and Experiment II.


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[3 marks]

PAPER 2

SECTION B AND C

1. (a) Smaller pieces of charcoal are easily burnt compare to bigger pieces ofcharcoal.Explain why.Arang bersaiz kecil lebih cepat terbakar berbanding arang yang besar.Terangkan mengapa.

[4 marks]

(b)A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors

affecting the rate of reaction.Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

Table 8 shows the results of the experiments.Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.

ExperimentEksperimen

I II III

Set-up ofapparatus

Susunan radas

Temperature /oC

Suhu /oC

30 35 30

Time taken for Xmark todisappear fromsight / s

Masa yang diambiluntuk tanda X

tidak kelihatan / s

18 10 50

50 cm of 0.2 moldm

-3sodium

thiosulphate solution50 cm

3larutan

natrium tiosulfat0.2 mol dm

-3

+10 cm

3of 1.0 mol

dm-3

sulphuric acid10 cm

3asid sulfurik

1.0 mol dm-3

50 cm of 0.2 moldm

-3sodium


3larutan


-3

+10 cm

3of 1.0 mol

dm-3

sulphuric acid10 cm

3asid sulfurik

1.0 mol dm-3

50 cm of 0.1 moldm

-3sodium


3larutan


-3

+10 cm

3of 1.0 mol

dm-3

sulphuric acid10 cm

3asid sulfurik

1.0 mol dm-3

Table 8Jadual 8


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(i)Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

[2 marks]

(ii)The chemical equation below shows the reaction between sulphuric acid andsodium thiosulphate solution.

Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara asid sulfurik dengan larutannatrium tiosulfat.

Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + S + H2O

Calculate the maximum mass of sulphur produced in Experiment III.Hitung jisim maksimum sulfur yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III.

[ Relative Atomic Mass : S = 32 ][ Jisim Atom Relatif : S = 32 ]

[4 marks]

(iii) Based on Table 8, compare the rate of reaction betweenBerdasarkan Jadual 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

Experiment I and Experiment IIEksperimen I dan Eksperimen II

Experiment I and Experiment IIIEksperimen I dan Eksperimen III

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to theCollision Theory.Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada

Teori Perlanggaran.

[10 marks]

3. (a) Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are used compare tobigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaiz kecil berbandingarang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.

[4 marks]

(b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affaectingthe rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and zinc.


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Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara asid sulfurik dan zink.

Table 7 shows the results of the experiments.Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.


I II III

Set-up ofapparatus

Susunan radas

Time taken tocollect 40cm

3

of hydrogengas/sMasa yang

diambil untukmengumpulkan40 cm

3gas

hydrogen/s

80 160

240

(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiment II.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen II.

[1 mark](ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and

sulphuric acid.Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced inExperiment III.[ 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm 3 at room temperature andpressure]

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid sulfurik.Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III.[ 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm

3pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]

[5 marks]

(iii) Based on Table 7, compare the rate of reaction betweenBerdasarkan Jadual 7 bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

Zinc powderSerbuk zink

50 cm of 1.0 mol dm-

sulphuric acid50 cm

3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm

-3


Zinc granuleKetulan zink


sulphuric acid50 cm

3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm

-3


Zinc granuleKetulan zink


sulphuric acid50 cm

3asid sulfuric 0.5 mol dm

-3


Table 7Jadual 7


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Experiment I and experiment IIEksperimen I and experiment II

Experiment II and experimen IIIEksperimen II dan eksperimen III

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to theCollision Theory.Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepadaTeori Perlanggaran.

[10 marks]

4 A group of pupils carried out two experiments to study the rate of reaction between

magnesium and two acids, hydrochloric acid and acid T. Table 10 shows the data from

Experiment I and Experiument II.

Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balasantara magnesium dengan dua asid, asid hidroklorik dan asidT.Jadual 10 menunjukkan

data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

Experiment

Eksperimen

Reactants

Bahan tindak balas

Products

Hasil tindak balas

Observation

Pemerhatian

I

0.6 g magnesium ribbon

and 30 cm3

hydrochloric

acid 2.0 mol dm-3

0.6 g pita magnesiumdengan 30 cm

3

hydrochloric acid

2.0 mol dm-3

Magnesium

chloride and

hydrogen gas

Magnesium kloridadan gas hidrogen

The temperature of

the mixture

increases.

Suhu campuranmeningkat

II

0.6 g magnesium ribbon

and 30 cm3

acid T 2.0

mol dm-3

0.6 g pita magnesium

dengan 30 cm3

acidT

2.0 mol dm-3

Magnesium

sulphate and

hydrogen gas

Magnesium sulfat

daan gas hidrogen

The temperature of

the mixture

increases.

Suhu campuran

meningkat

Table 10

Jadual 10

(a) (i) Referring to Experiment II, state the name of acid T used.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction of acid T with magnesium.

Merujuk Eksperimen II, nyatakan nama asidTyang digunakan.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas asidT dengan magnesium.

[2 marks]

[2 markah]


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(ii) Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction in 10(a)(i).

On the energy profile diagram show the:

Activation energy without a catalyst, Ea Activation energy with catalyst, Ea

Heat of reaction, H

Explain the energy profile diagram

Lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas di 10(a)(i).

Pada gambar rajah profil tenaga itu tunjukkan:

Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin, Ea Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, Ea Haba tindak balas, H

Jelaskan gambar rajah profil tenaga itu.

[10 marks]

[10 markah]

5. A group of students conduct 2 experiments to study the factors affecting the rate ofreaction.Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan 2 eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

The Table 8 below shows the information about the reactants.Jadual 8 di bawah menunjukkan maklumat bagi bahan tindak balas yang digunakan.


ReactantsBahan tindak balas

Experiment IEksperimen I

Excess zinc granules and 25cm of 1.0 moldm- hydrochloric acidKetulan zink berlebihan dan 25cm3asid hidroklorik1.0 moldm-3

Experiment IIEksperimen II

Excess zinc granules, 25cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3hydrochloric acid and 5cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 coppersulphate(II) solution

Ketulan zink berlebihan, 25cm3asid hidroklorik 1.0moldm-3dan 5cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 1.0moldm-3.

Table 8Jadual 8

Diagram 8 shows the result of two experiments.Rajah 8 menunjukkan keputusan dua eksperimen di atas


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Diagram 8Rajah 8

(a) Based on the Diagram 8 above, label the curve for experiment I and experimentII.Berdasarkan Rajah 8 di atas, labelkan lengkungan bagi eksperimen I daneksperimen II.

[2 marks](b) i. Based on this experiment, what is the factor that affects the rate of the

reaction?

Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas bagi eksperimenini?[1 mark]

ii. What are other factors that affecting the rate of reaction?Apakah faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?

[4 marks]

(c) Write the chemical equation for this experiment.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di atas..

[3 marks]

(d) Based on Diagram 8, compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I andExperiment II. Your explanation must refer to the collision theory.Berdasarkan Rajah 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas eksperimen I daneksperimen II. Huraian kamu mestilah merujuk kepada teori pelanggaran.

[7 marks]

(e) Calculate the maximum volume of gas liberated in this experiment. Given thatthe molar volume of any gas is 24dm3 mol-1 at room condition.Kira isipadu maksimum, gas yang terhasil di dalam eksperimen ini. Isipadumolar bagi sebarang gas adalah 24 dm3mol-1 pada keadaan bilik.

[3 marks]

Volume of gas/ cm

3

Isipadu gas /cm

3

Time / sMasa / s


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topik 10 rate of reaction

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