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FL-4

4-F

TORTUGAS HARBOR LIGHTThe Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse was constructed of boiler-plate iron and erected February-April 1876as an aid to navigation for local harbor traffic. The design was created under the direction of the LightHouse Board by Major Jared A. Smith, then Superintending Engineer at Fort Jefferson; his approveddrawings are dated January 10, 1876. Iron was second to brick in popularity for use in lighthouseconstruction, beginning with the first in the U.S. in 1844, due to its durability and ease of construction.Iron lighthouse sections and their component parts could be easily cast and assembled on site (anddisassembled and moved if needed). Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse is comprised of four tiers of precastiron construction. The first two levels of the structure are hexagonal, while the third and fourth levelsare cylindrical and encompass the Watch Room and Lantern Room, respectively. With a range of only13 miles, the Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse was used mainly as a beacon; the principle aid to thenavigation in area being the Loggerhead Key Lighthouse, located 2-1/2 nautical miles west of the fort.Both lighthouses were built to help ships traveling to and from the Gulf of Mexico negotiate thetreacherous reefs that surround the area.

The Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse replaced the original brick lighthouse on what is now the FortJefferson Parade Ground, built in 1825, prior to the Fort's construction. The erection of the newlighthouse in iron was prompted by a severe hurricane that came through the area in September 1875,damaging both brick lighthouses, here and at Loggerhead Key. Rather than repair the original brickstructure, a stronger iron lighthouse was erected atop the bastion, also raising visibility. The TortugasHarbor Lighthouse rises 37' above the terreplein, or about 82' above ground level. The boiler-plate ironis ¼” thick and is reinforced by a framework of channels and T-irons, with riveted and boltedconnections. The hexagonal first tier is accessed from below through the bastion stair tower or from thefort's terreplein. The walls of the hexagon are pierced by a double-leaf door and two windows. Thesecond tier, also hexagonal, includes four windows; it tapers inward to meet the smaller, circular tiersabove. The circular third tier or Watch Room section includes an outer gallery supported by ironbrackets. The uppermost level comprises the circular Lantern Room and originally contained thefourth-order lens manufactured by Augustin Michel Henry-LePaute of Paris, France for the 1825lighthouse.

The Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse was automated in 1912. Automation eliminated the need for a lightkeeper and corresponded with the accidental burning of the keeper's house. The lighthouse was finallydecommissioned in 1921, at which point the lighthouse at Loggerhead Key became the sole aid tonavigation in this area. Although dark, the Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse remained in situ. Sufferingfrom deterioration, major repairs were first undertaken in 1939, including the recoating of the corrodedsections of steel, and likely much of the steel plate reinforcement that was later reported, in 1969.Deterioration continued, however, and the lighthouse remained closed to visitors. Finally in 1971, thelighthouse underwent a more substantial rehabilitation, including repair of the entire upper tiers,replacement of deteriorated structural parts, additional braces and plates, and the repair of interiorcarpentry and millwork. The metal handrail was also replaced with like materials.

In 1976, Tortugas Harbor Lighthouse was placed in the National Register of Historic Places as acontributing resource to the Fort Jefferson National Monument Historic District. The site wastransferred to the National Park Service in 1992 and remains in its stewardship. The Tortugas HarborLighthouse is currently undergoing restoration, prompting the HABS documentation.

Documentation of the Tortugas Harbor Light and Bastion 6 was undertaken by the Historic AmericanBuildings Survey (HABS), Heritage Documentation Programs (HDP) of the National Park Service(Catherine C. Lavoie, Chief, HABS; Paul Dolinsky, Acting Chief, HDP) in Winter 2016. The projectwas undertaken by HABS in cooperation with Dry Tortugas National Park (Glenn Simpson, ParkManager; Kelly Clark, Cultural Resources Specialist) and Lord Aeck Sargent (Rob Yallop, SeniorAssociate; Kelly Gawinek, Project Architect. Field recording and measured drawings were completedby Paul Davidson and Daniel De Sousa, HABS Architects. The large-format photography wasundertaken by Jarob Ortiz, HDP Photographer.

METERS 1:48

10 2 3 4 5

1/4"=1'-0"FEET

10 432 5 10 15 WEST ELEVATION1/4"=1'-0" 1:48

12'-1

1/4

"18

'-4 5

/8"

30'-5

7/8

"

10'-9

5/8

"1'

-5 3

/4"

13'-5

1/2

"2'

-1 3

/8"

3'-4

7/8

"

UNDERSIDE OFARCH

UNDERSIDE OFINNER ARCH

OUTER ARCHUNDERSIDE OF

TERREPLEIN

UPPER TIER

GRADE

GRADE

UPPER TIER

TERREPLEIN

5'-4

"

PARAPET

16

DR

AW

N B

Y:

DA

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N P

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FORT JEFFERSON, TORTUGAS HARBOR LIGHT

IF REPRODUCED, PLEASE CREDIT THE HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, NAME OF DELINEATOR, DATE OF DRAWING

FORT JEFFERSON DOCUMENTATION PROJECT, 2017

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

SURVEY NO.

SHEET OF SHEETS

HISTORIC AMERICANBUILDINGS SURVEY

INDEX NUMBERLIBRARY OF CONGRESS

DRY TORTUGAS NATIONAL PARK KEY WEST MONROE COUNTY FLORIDAFL-44-F

1/8"=1'-0" 1:96

METERS

FEET

20 6 84 10 20

1/8"=1'-0"

30

0

1:96

2 4 6 8 101 3 5 7 9

1/8"=1'-0" 1:96

UP

UP

DN

MAGAZINE16'-5" × 14'-4 1/2"

FORT JEFFERSONLOCATION MAP

NO SCALE

OFFICERS'QUARTERS

HABS NO. FL-44-A

CURTAINMAGAZINE,

FRONT FOURHABS NO. FL-44

BASTION FOURMAGAZINE

HABS NO. FL-44

LARGE DETACHEDMAGAZINE

HABS NO. FL-44-C

SMALL DETACHEDMAGAZINE

HABS NO. FL-44-D

SOLDIERS'BARRACKS

HABS NO. FL-44-B

TORTUGASHARBOR LIGHT

HABS NO. FL-44-F

HOT SHOTFURNACE

HABS NO. FL-44-E

COMMANDINGOFFICER'S

QUARTERSHABS NO. FL-44-G

38'-7

3/4

"

4'-0"

4'-0"

8'-3 7/8"

12'-4 3/8"

10'-11"

4'-0"

15'-0 3/8"

4'-0"

43'-2 3/4"11'-4"

6'-9 5/8"

54'-6 3/4"

18'-7 1/2"

37'-10 1/8"38

'-8"

BASTION 6FIRST TIER PLAN

BASTION 6SECOND TIER PLAN

A

A

A

A

45'-10 1/2"

2 6

DRAWN BY: RYAN PIERCE

MAGAZINE16'-6 3/4" × 14'-5 1/2"

FORT JEFFERSON, TORTUGAS HARBOR LIGHT

IF REPRODUCED, PLEASE CREDIT THE HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, NAME OF DELINEATOR, DATE OF DRAWING

FORT JEFFERSON DOCUMENTATION PROJECT, 2017

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

SURVEY NO.

SHEET OF SHEETS

HISTORIC AMERICANBUILDINGS SURVEY

INDEX NUMBERLIBRARY OF CONGRESS

DRY TORTUGAS NATIONAL PARK KEY WEST MONROE COUNTY FLORIDAFL-44-F

METERSFEET

20 6 84 10 20

1/8"=1'-0"

30 0

1:96

2 4 6 8 101 3 5 7 9

1/8"=1'-0" 1:96

BASTION 6TERREPLEIN

1/8"=1'-0" 1:96

EAST ELEVATION

48'-10 1/8"

15'-7 1/8" 17'-4 7/8" 15'-10 1/8"

55'-4 3/8"

19'-9 7/8"

43'-5 1/4"11'-11"

113'-4"

30'-9 5/8"8'-7 3/8"

33'-3 3/4"

72'-8 3/4"

BASE OF WALL

ARCHITRAVE

TOP OF WALL

VENTILATORTOP OF

TOP OF

PARAPET

TERREPLEIN

TERREPLEIN

PARAPET

REMNANTS OFBARBETTE GUNEMPLACEMENTS

TERREPLEIN

PARAPET

15-INCHRODMANGUN

UP

UP

A

A

3 6

DRAWN BY: DANIEL DE SOUSA, RYAN PIERCE

VENTILATORTOP OF

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FL-4

4-F

1/4"=1'-0"

SECTION A-A1:48

FIRST TIER

12'-5

1/8

"10

'-0 3

/4"

8'-1

0 1/

8"

SECOND TIER

LANDING

(BARBETTE TIER)

9'-0

7/8

"10

'-0 1

/8"

7'-2

3/4

"

SECOND FLOOR

THIRD FLOOR

LANTERN

TERREPLEIN

LIGHTHOUSE

LIGHTHOUSE

LIGHTHOUSE

PARAPET TERREPLEIN

BASTION MAGAZINE

15-INCHRODMANGUN

1/4"=1'-0"FEET

10 432 5 10 15

METERS 1:48

10 2 3 4 5

46

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(LANDING)

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FL-4

4-F

FIRST FLOOR PLAN3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

SECOND FLOOR PLAN3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

LANTERN ROOM PLAN3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

THIRD FLOOR PLAN3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

SECTION A-A3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

METERSFEET 3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

0 1 2 3 4 5 10 0 1 2 3

8'-6

7/8

"9'

-6 1

/2"

7'-2

3/4

"

FIRST FLOOR

SECOND FLOOR

THIRD FLOOR

FLOOR PLATELANTERN

UNDERSIDE OFJOISTS

UNDERSIDE OFJOISTS

UNDERSIDE OFVENTILATOR

VENTILATORTOP OF

UP

LADDER

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

12'-9

3/4

"

DN

10'-8

1/2

"14

'-8 1

/2"

OPENTO

BELOW

OPENTO

BELOW

GRADE

38'-0

5/8

"

9'-6

1/8

"

56

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"

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FL-4

4-F

METERSFEET 3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

0 1 2 3 4 5 10 0 1 2 3

WEST ELEVATION3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

NORTH ELEVATION3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

EAST ELEVATION3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

SOUTH ELEVATION3/8"=1'-0" 1:32

66

DR

AW

N B

Y:

DA

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E S

OU

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9'-1

3/8

"

38'-1

7/8

"

10'-4

1/2

"7'

-4 3

/8"

7'-1

5/8

"4'

-2"

GRADE

BELT

BALCONY

CATWALK

ROOF

VENTILATOR