total stroke in the total trial: randomized trial of manual aspiration thrombectomy in stemi total...
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TOTAL
Stroke in the TOTAL trial: Randomized trial of
manual aspiration Thrombectomy in STEMI
TOTAL Trial Investigators
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TOTAL
Disclosures
TOTAL trial was funded by:• Canadian Institutes of Health Research• Canadian Network and Centre for Trials Internationally (CANNeCTIN)• Medtronic Inc.
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TOTAL
The TOTAL Trial Study Design
PCI Alone(only bailout thrombectomy)
Routine Upfront Manual Thrombectomyfollowed by PCI
Primary Outcome: CV death, MI, cardiogenic shock and class IV heart failure ≤180 days
Safety Outcome: Stroke ≤30 days
1:1 Randomization between strategies
Bailout Thrombectomy allowed if PCI alone strategy fails:• Persistent TIMI 0 or 1 flow with large thrombus after balloon pre-dilatation
• Persistent large thrombus after stent deployment at target lesion
STEMI with Primary PCI ≤12 hours of symptom onsetSample size of 10,700 for 80% power to detect a 20% Relative Risk Reduction
Jolly SS, et al. Am Heart J. 2014. 167 (3):315-21.
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TOTAL
Key Findings of TOTAL
Jolly SS, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015. 372:1389-1398.
No Difference in Primary Efficacy Outcome Increase in Stroke
Hazard ratio 0.99 (95% CI 0.85-1.15), P=0.86
Hazard ratio 2.00 (95% CI 1.25-3.20), P=0.003
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TOTAL
Objectives of Detailed Stroke Analysis• To better understand Stroke findings in TOTAL trial
• To explore:• Timing of Stroke• Stroke severity• Subtypes of Stroke• Independent Predictors of Stroke
• To incorporate findings into updated Meta-analysis
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TOTAL
Objectives of Detailed Stroke Analysis• To understand stroke findings, specifically:
• Timing of Stroke• Stroke severity• Subtypes of Stroke• Independent Predictors of Stroke
• To incorporate findings into updated Meta-analysis
• All strokes were adjudicated by Neurologists blinded to treatment
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PCI Procedure and Therapies over follow up
ThrombectomyN=5033
PCI aloneN=5030
P
Upfront Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa 22.7% 25.4% P=0.002
PCI Procedure time (median) 39 min 35 min <0.001
≤ 5 French Catheters 0.8% 2.5% <0.001
6 French Catheters 96.7% 95.4% 0.001
≥ 2 guide catheters 12.9% 11.9%% 0.10
No differences in oral antiplatelet, anticoagulant or anti-hypertensive therapy over follow up
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TOTAL
Landmark Analysis for Stroke Thrombectomy
(N=5033) (%)PCI alone
(N=5030) (%) HR 95% CI
0 to 48 hours 15 (0.30%) 5 (0.10%) 3.00 1.09-8.25
>48 hours to
<7 days5 (0.10%) 4 (0.08%) 1.25 0.34-4.66
7 to <30 days 13 (0.26%) 7 (0.14%) 1.85 0.74−4.65
30 to <90 days 11 (0.23%) 8 (0.16%) 1.37 0.55-3.41
90 to 180 days 8 (0.17%) 2 (0.04%) 3.99 0.85-18.8
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TOTAL
Stroke Severity Rankin Score Thrombectomy
(N=5033) (%)PCI alone
(N=5030) (%) HR 95% CI p
Minor or no
disability (0-2)
18 (0.4%) 13 (0.3%) 1.38 0.68-2.82 0.37
Major disability or
fatal (3-6)
35 (0.7%) 13 (0.3%) 2.69 1.42-5.08 0.002
1 Full recovery from all symptoms 4 Patient needs help from another person to perform everyday activities
2 Persistent symptoms which do not limit patient’s functional status
5 Patient incapacitated, unable to perform everyday activities even with help
3 Some functional impairment but patient can manage all activities independently
6 Death
Rankin Score
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Stroke Subtype during 180 days Thrombectomy
(N=5033) (%)PCI alone
(N=5030) (%) HR 95% CI p
Ischemic 37 (0.7%) 21 (0.4%) 1.71 1.03-3.00 0.036
Primary hemorrhagic 10 (0.2%) 2 (0.04%) 4.98 1.09-22.7 0.021
Uncertain Etiology 5 (0.1%) 3 (0.1%) 1.66 0.40-6.96 0.48
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TOTAL
Cumulative Ischemic Neurologic Events (includes TIA) over time
Thrombectomy (N=5033) (%)
PCI alone (N=5030) (%) HR 95% CI p
12 hours 6 (0.12%) 4 (0.08%) 1.50 0.42-5.31 0.53
24 hours 11 (0.22%) 5 (0.10%) 2.20 0.76-6.33 0.13
48 hours 15 (0.30%) 6 (0.12%) 2.50 0.97-6.44 0.050
96 hours 19 (0.38%) 11 (0.22%) 1.73 0.82-3.63 0.14
7 days 21 (0.42%) 14 (0.28%) 1.50 0.76-2.95 0.24
14 days 28 (0.56%) 16 (0.32%) 1.75 0.95-3.23 0.07
30 days 35 (0.70%) 19 (0.38%) 1.84 1.05-3.22 0.030
90 days 46 (0.91%) 28 (0.56%) 1.64 1.03-2.63 0.037
180 days 52 (1.03%) 29 (0.58%) 1.79 1.14-2.82 0.011
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TOTAL
Subgroup Analysis Stroke
0.5 2.0 8.0
OVERALL
TIMI Thrombus Grade:≥4<4
Initial TIMI Flow:0-12-3
Site Primary PCI Volume:Tertile 1Tertile 2Tertile 3
History of Hypertension:NoYes
Age:<=65 yrs>65 yrs
Previous Stroke:NoYes
Gender:MaleFemale
Access site:RadialFemoral
Operator thrombectomy Volume:Tertile 1Tertile 2Tertile 3
10063
79192134
74432519
245021395474
50105049
66623401
9750309
77972266
68653191
352232713243
Thrombectomy (%)
1.00
1.140.65
1.140.78
1.220.651.10
0.721.34
0.601.91
0.924.43
0.801.80
0.931.25
1.191.150.75
PCI Alone (%)
0.50
0.600.19
0.560.32
0.330.750.51
0.360.68
0.450.64
0.471.99
0.361.09
0.610.31
0.570.500.49
P (INTERACTION)
0.484
0.783
0.143
0.983
0.095
0.893
0.504
0.090
0.796
Favours Thrombectomy Favours PCI Alone
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Independent Predictors of Stroke
0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0
Thrombectomy vs PCI
Age per 10 years
Female
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Previous stroke
Prior diabetes
Intra aortic balloon
CABG
TIMI thrombus grade
HR (95%CI)
2.00 (1.24-3.24)
1.27 (1.04-1.55)
2.10 (1.31-3.36)
2.56 (1.09-6.03)
2.54 (1.23-5.24)
2.41 (1.51-3.85)
2.98 (1.15-7.73)
2.16 (0.90-5.17)
1.20 (0.97-1.47)
Stepwise Cox Regression Model
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TOTAL
Meta-Analysis for Stroke
0.8% Thrombectomy vs. 0.5% PCI alone, OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.11-2.27, p=0.01
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TOTAL
Meta-Analysis for Mortality
3.8% Thrombectomy vs. 4.3% PCI alone, OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76-1.00, p=0.05
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TOTAL
Mortality of Stroke within 180 days
30.8%
3.4%
Months of Follow-up
Cum
ulat
ive
% o
f Dea
th
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
With Stroke
Without Stroke
Hazard ratio, 10.17 (95%CI, 6.70-15.45); P<0.0001)
No. at Risk
With Stroke
Without Stroke
78 62 58 56 54 54 53
9985 9713 9658 9630 9614 9597 9570
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TOTAL
Conclusions• Routine thrombectomy was associated with increased risk of stroke that
was evident within 48 hours
• Increase in primarily ischemic strokes but also hemorrhagic strokes
• Future trials of thrombectomy devices need to carefully collect stroke outcomes (safety) to determine safety and in addition to efficacy