totalitarianism
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TOTALITARIANISM!
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\(ˌ)tō-ˌta-lə-ˈter-ē-ə-ˌni-zəm\ Definition of TOTALITARIANISM1. centralized control by an autocratic
authority 2. the political concept that the citizen
should be totally subject to an absolute state authority
TOTALITARIANISM
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Made famous by
Term employed by Benito Mussolini, the Italian fascist leader. (1883-1945)
Also made famous by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler & Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
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Characteristics of Totalitarianism
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Characteristics of Totalitarianism
An official and all-embracing ideology An official belief systems promulgated by
ruling elite Specifying a final goal or end for all
humankind that legitimizes the absolute authority of the regime
It is apparent in Hitler’s Germany and ideology of creation of “master race”
In Stalin’s Soviet Union, the creation of communist society
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Figure 2.1 : Demographic of Ideology
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Characteristics of Totalitarianism A one-party system
Existence of one-party rule legitimized by appeal to the official ideology.
Germany’s National Socialist German used it to rule as it’s the only party capable of creating the master race.
In reality, it became under the rule of one man, Hitler or Stalin.
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Figure 3.1 : Adolf Hitler marching with National Socialist Party
Figure 3.2 : Children below the age of 12 influenced by National
Socialist’s Ideology
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
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Characteristics of Totalitarianism The imposition of terror
Uses of threats, coercion and violence against the opposition of regime is very common.
Accomplished by creation of secret police and corresponding network of informers.
Terror insures their reign.
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Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.1 : A jew being prosecuted just for being jew.
Figure 4.2 : Another thousands of jew being prosecuted just for being just another jew.
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Characteristics of Totalitarianism Mass mobilization of the
population Pervasive system of propaganda. Everybody is expected to accept the
official ideology that legitimizes one-party rule
Through control of schools, cultural groups, labor unions and other means.
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Figure 5.2 : For the Motherland, Deutschland
Figure 5.1 : Propaganda of portraying US as liberators
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Characteristics of Totalitarianism Lack of genuine pluralism
Groups and organizations do exist, but they are not independent of state and party
control. Labor unions, expected to encourage
worker to sacrifice for good of society.
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
TOTALITARIANISM AND
AUTHORITARIANISM
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Totalitarianism Authoritarianism
Charisma High (leaders appear to be very powerful)
Low
Role conception
Leaders as function (leaders function as true leaders and abide strictly to the law)
Leaders as individual (there are laws, but everything still depends on the leaders)
Ends of power
Public (total control towards the public)
Private (decisions made by the leaders are secret)
Corruption Low (more rules, less corruption)
High (do not posses TOTAL control towards the citizens. Thus, there are still freedom of doing things. Leaders are free of doing their own decisions. Corruption occurs.
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Official ideology
Yes No
Limited pluralism
No (no freedom at all)
Yes (limited freedom given for as long as the citizens obey the leaders)
Legitimacy Yes No