tourism development making three ends meet
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TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Making three ends meet. Henrik Halkier Professor of Regional and Tourism Studies Aalborg University Denmark [email protected] http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Making three ends meet. Henrik Halkier Aalborg University Denmark - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TOURISM DEVELOPMENTMaking three ends meet
Henrik HalkierProfessor of Regional and Tourism Studies
Aalborg UniversityDenmark
[email protected]://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/
TOURISM DEVELOPMENTMaking three ends meet
1. Introduction: Actors in tourism development2. Reasons to go / 1: Destination attractiveness3. Reasons to go / 2: Image and experiences4. Nothing special? Architectural heritage tourism
http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/
Tourists and tourism:WHAT’S IN A NAME ?
“someone who moves away from home on a temporary or short-term basis for at least 24 hours, whether travelling in his or her own country (domestic tourism) or going to another country (international tourism)”
(Law, 1994 p.4).
Tourists and tourism:WHAT’S IN A NAME ?
”Tourism may be defined as the sum of the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, origin governments, universities, community colleges, and non-governmental organisations, in the process of attracting, transporting, hosting and managing these tourists and other visitors”.
(Weaver & Lawton 2006, p.3).
Tourism developmentMAPPING A TRIANGLE
Source: H. Halkier: Regional turismeudvikling mellem udbud og efterspørgsel, in Halkier et al. (eds.):Regional turismeudvikling mellem udbud og efterspørgsel, Aalborg: Aalborg Universitetsforlag, 2002, p 120
Tourists
Public facilitators/regulators
Private providers
Reasons to go / 1DESTINATION PULL
FACTORS Geographical proximity to markets Accessibility to markets Availability of attractions Availability of services Affordability Peace, stability & safety Cultural links Positive market image Pro-tourism policies
Reasons to go / 1NORTHERN CHALLENGES
?
0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0
DenmarkFinlandIrelandNorwaySweden
UKAustriaBelgiumFrance
GermanyNetherlandsSwitzerland
BulgariaCzechEstoniaHungaryLatvia
LithuaniaPoland
RomaniaSlovakiaCyprusGreeceItalyMalta
PortugalSloveniaSpainTurkey
Expenditure/GDP (%)
Receipts/GDP (%)
International tourism in Europe.Source: Calculated on the basis of World Tourism Organisation 2005.
Reasons to go / 1NORTHERN CHALLENGES
?
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
-4,0 -2,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0
Receipts above EU average (% of GDP)
Expe
nditu
re a
bove
EU
aver
age
(% o
f GDP
)
Reasons to go / 2IMAGES OF OTHERS
+ -
= Friendly imagesInvestor appeal
Dull imagesIndifference?
Exotic imagesTourist appeal
Hostile imagesEnemy-making
Reasons to go / 2COMPLEX EXPERIENCES
Absorption
PassiveParticipation
ActiveParticipation
Immersion
Entertainment Educational
Esthetic Escapist
(Pine & Gilmore, 1999 p.30)
NOTHING SPECIAL?Architectural heritage tourism
Ebeltoft, www.visitdjursland.dk
NOTHING SPECIAL?Architectural heritage tourism
The Old Town, Aarhus - http://www.dengamleby.dk/ - www.visitaarhus.dk