tourism life cycle | skyline college

7/17/2019 Tourism Life Cycle | Skyline College

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- A R I T R O D A S G U P T A

Tourism Life Cycle1



Tourism Life Cycle- Concept Introduction

Like any living person, tourism destinations gothrough periods of birth, rise, maturing, decline &termination

Unlike a humans life a tourist destinations cycledepends on the dynamics of market

!f course "hen "e talk of birth, no area actuallystarts from scratch but the period of development as

a tourist destination is considered# similarly enddoes not mean complete annihilation of the area

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%roduct Life Cycle



Tourism 'rea Life Cycle (T'LC)

Tracks the progress of the tourist region

Can provide vital cues about appropriate timelyaction intended to avoid decline

*everal destinations have gone in to decline due tolack of e+pert advice & analysis

T'LC also provides focal point for policy makers &tourists to pose crucial uestions



T'LC 'nalysis

.hat leads a destination to change over time

/o" markets change

.hich stage destination is at presently

.hat may be e+pected of the destination .hat may be done to revive destination

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*tages of T'LC odel

12 3+ploration

$2 Involvement

2 4evelopment

2 Consolidation02 *tagnation

52 2a2 4ecline

b2 6e7uvenation

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3+ploration

'rea hidden from "orldvie"

' small number of visitors arrive seeking unspoileddestinations

Tourism facilities hardly e+ist, so tourists sharefacilities "ith locals or create some make-shiftarrangement

Contact "ith locals high, economic returns minimal

eg8 une+plored parts of 'ma9on rain forest,%atagonian cold desert, arctic e+tremes, deepinteriors of *aharan desert etc2

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Involvement

Tourist- host relationship from previous stagecontinues

;umber of incoming tourists increase

Increase in professionally maintained facilitieseg8 niche tourism in .estern <hats = *underbans,

historical tourism in *icily

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4evelopment

/eavy advertising of tourism venues

Characteri9ed by e+ternally o"ned & controlledfacilities

Local o"nership & control declinesUsually reuires heavy government funding

Landscape alters "ith ne" development

eg8 ?ha7uraho in %, Ladakh, %rague (C9ech6epublic), areas around ;gorongoro crater(Tan9ania) etc2

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Consolidation

4estination at peak of tourist arrivals

6ate of increase declines as already at ma+imumstage of development

.ide ranging advertising promoting off-seasonsAacilities & infrastructure start sho"ing signs of age

eg8 anali, <oa, ?erala coast, 'gra, *"iss 'lps,museums & historical = artistic attractions at

London, %aris or 6ome

1B



*tagnation

%eak visitor numbers already achieved, numbersstart falling

Capacity levels e+ceeded across variables resulting in

environmental, social & economic problems6egion is "ell kno"n & established but no longer

fashionable

*ome venues start diversifying

eg8 *himla, pockets of ra9ilian coastline, pilgrimagesites on /imalayas, parts of Alorida coastline,angkok

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4ecline

Inability to maintain market share

;o longer on the favourite list though may serve as venues for day-trips

Tourism related structures converted to other uses likeretirement centres, apartments & offices

%olitical reasons could also be responsible

Increasing number of permanent residents attracted fornon-tourism related businesses

eg8 Calcutta in 1@5Bs, 4elhi post Common"ealth <ames,Costa 6ica, ?ashmir in 1@@Bs, ournemouth (U?), ;ice(Arance)

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6e7uvenation

't the stage of decline, every destination has thechoice "hether to go in to terminal decline orre7uvenate

6euires complete change in destinations appealeg8 umbais repackaging as gate"ay to north

?onkan coast (Tarkarli, *indhudurg, Dan7ira etc2),Los 'ngeles etc2

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6easons for 4ecline in Tourist 'rrivals

<ro"th in lo"-status, lo" spend visitors & day visitors

Competition from holiday abroad

!verdependence on long-holiday marketLimited appeal to overseas visitors

/ighly seasonal destinations

!utdated, poorly maintained accommodation &amenities

Local opposition to tourism

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6easons for 4ecline in Tourist 'rrivals

Lack of professional, e+perienced staff

Local government reorgani9ation creating amalgamsof resorts & diluting political po"er of resorts in

larger authorities*hortage of research data

4emands for increased operational efficiency &entrepreneurial activity in local government

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tourism life cycle | skyline college

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