towards a knowledge economy tertiary education policy & strategy – key to transformation
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TERTIARY EDUCATION COUNCIL Transforming Tertiary Education. TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY TERTIARY EDUCATION POLICY & STRATEGY – KEY TO TRANSFORMATION. Dr. P. Molutsi Executive Secretary Tertiary Education Council March 2011. The Progress Model. 1966. Now. 3 km 6367 km. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
TERTIARY EDUCATION POLICY & STRATEGY – KEY TO TRANSFORMATION
Dr. P. Molutsi Executive Secretary Tertiary Education Council
March 2011
TERTIARY EDUCATION COUNCILTransforming Tertiary Education
TERTIARY EDUCATION COUNCILTransforming Tertiary Education
04/21/23 2
The Progress Model.
1966 Now
3 km 6367 km
6 Sec School 233
60.00 18,340GDP capita
Bottom Upper 25 poorest Middle Income
04/21/23 3
Political Stability.
90 -100 percentile Most stable democracy in
the world
04/21/23 4
Macro Economy
90-100 percentileGlobal ranking (2007)
41 (128)
04/21/23 5
Institutional Regime
90-100 percentileGlobal Ranking (2007)
38 (128)
04/21/23 6
Other Key Enablers
2007 Global RankingsInfrastructure – 67 (128)
Market Efficiency – 61 (128)
04/21/23 7
Knowledge Economy Index
0
2
4
6
8
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1995
Mos
t rec
ent
Africa 2.46
S. Africa 4.89Mauritius 4.25Botswana 4.20
Sweden 9.17
04/21/23 8
Development Stage
Stages of Development Characteristics
Resource DrivenUnskilled and low wage labourCheap Natural Resources
Investment Driven A strategic shift in the economy towards a knowledge intensive service sector
Innovation DrivenDomestic knowledge generationNew and unique innovations
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Peer & Comparator Countries
Stages of Development Countries
Resource Driven Africa A to Z
Transition from 1-2
BotswanaAlgeriaLibyaNamibiaTunisia
Investment DrivenMauritiusSouth Africa
Innovation DrivenCanada and AustraliaUSA
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The Burning Platform
04/21/23 11
Resource Dependency
Diamonds are NOT forever
04/21/23 12
The most Problematic areas The most problematic factors for doing business in Botswana
2007 vs 2003
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
A. Bureaucracy
B. Educated workforce
C. Access to financing
D. Work ethic
E. Labour regulations
F. Inflation
G. Infrastructure
H. Corruption
I. Crime and theft
J. Tax rates
K. Foreign currency regulations
L. Policy instability
M. Tax regulations
N. Government instability/coups
% of respondents
2007 2003
* based on an Executive Opinion Survey conducted in 2007 and 2003 by World Economic Forum
04/21/23 13
What Botswana must get right
Key Enhancers Current global rankings
Tertiary Education 89 (128)
Health & General education 115 (128)
Technological readiness 81 (128)
Business sophistication 98 (128)
Innovation 92 (128)
04/21/23 14
Knowledge Economy Index – Tertiary Education Pillar
0
2
4
6
8University industry links
Tertiary Enrollment
ResearchersS& T Journal articles
Innovation
Botswana South Africa Mauritius
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Tertiary Education Policy.
Republic of Botswana Ministry of Education
TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
WHITE PAPER ON TERTIARY EDUCATION
March 2008
04/21/23 16
Driver of Development.
Resource Transition Investment Innovation
Stages of Development
Terti
ary E
du
cati
on
04/21/23 17
Value Proposition.
BENEFITS
Tertiary InstitutionsEmployment & SalariesGoods & ServicesStudent expenditures
Skilled & Adaptable PeopleQuality JobsEnhanced IncomePersonal Development
Knowledge DiscoveryResearch & InnovationProduct developmentInvestment & Income
OUTCOMES
Botswana’sAggregate
Wealth
Botswana’sSocietal Advancement
andQuality of
Life
04/21/23 18
VISION 2016 ALIGNMENT
Policy Execution
Tertiary Education
Prosperous & Productive
Educated & Informed
Open, Democratic & Accountable
Safe & Secure
United & Proud
Compassionate, Just & Caring
1. Human Resource Development
2. Research & Innovation
3. Economic & Social Transformation
Moral & Tolerant
NATIONALDEVELOPMENT
PLAN
2009-2016
Policy Fit
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Policy Goal -1.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT;
04/21/23 20
Human Resource DevelopmentKey Driver since 1960s.
22
• Filling current and forecast vacancies• Localisation of expatria te held positions
Manpower Forecasting
ACADEMIC PROGRAMME
Core Issues Core Issues
LABOUR
MARKET
DEMAND
LABOUR
MARKET
SUPPLY
Core OBJ ECTIVE
04/21/23 21
Educational Attainment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Adult literacy
04/21/23 22
Peers and Comparators
Botswana South Africa
Mauritius New Zealand
11.4% 15.3% 17.2% 63.2%
04/21/23 23
Government Spend on Tertiary Education
Botswana South Africa
Mauritius New Zealand
18.6 % 14.6% 15.6% 24.9%
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Tertiary Education Problem Tree.
PROBLEMS
ACCESS
QUALITY
RELEVANCE
MAJOR
DISCONNECTS
•Strategy
•Structures
•Systems
EFFECTS
04/21/23 25
Tertiary Employment Problem Tree.
PROBLEMS
GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT
SKILLS DEFICIT
TRADITIONAL GRADUATES
MAJOR DISCONNECTS
•Strategy
•Structures
•Systems
EFFECTS
04/21/23 26
Tertiary Education Enrollment Goal.
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
18-24 Population Projection Tertiary enrolments Gross Enrollment ratio
18-24 PopulationProjection
270361 284759 299371
Tertiary enrolments 31,129 48,409 59,875
Gross Enrollment ratio 11.4 17 20
2007 2016 2020
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Policy Goal -2.
RESEARCH & INNOVATION
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Exciting Challenges.
“The battle for ideas is on and it is up to us as a nation as to whether we want to join the leaders
and be counted..
It has worked for small states such as Finland, Ireland, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea,
Mauritius,..
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What keeps Botswana behind?
Very small S&T HR base (~ 2, 160 employees within S&T system)R&D personnel as % of total employment is below optimal (<2.7 researchers per 1000 employed)
Low GERD (gross expenditure on R&D as % of GDP)Most research focussed on wrong areas that do not have long term ‘high value’ e.g. agricultural, manufacturing
Inadequate management of S&T such as indicators, priority areas, monitoring, political S&T leadershipOverly focussed on import of technologies which restricts breakthrough ideasCurrent University bias towards a teaching
Poor patent record (5 patents by 2004?) e.g. >500K /yr in JapanThinking that strengthening traditional attributes will bring lasting prosperity
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Botswana - a small but heavy state
Vision 2016 - 1997 S&T Policy - 1998 New Zealand Consortium Report for a framework - 2000 Ministry of Communications Science and Technology - 2002 Botswana National Research Science and Technology Plan - 2005 Maitlamo ICT Policy (e-government, legal etc) - 2006 Botswana Innovation Hub (BIH) Business Plan – 2006 Botswana International University of S & T 2003 Medical School - 1998
SLOW RECORD OF IMPLEMENTATION …..Need to remember that we are playing catch-up! 10 years to implement a policy or project is too long…
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Innovation Model
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-4 -3 -2 -1 Today 1 2 3 4
Revenue
Planning Horizon
Radical Innovation
Evolutionary Innovation
Business as Usual
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Choices and Consequences
QUANTUM QUANTUM GROWTHGROWTH
STAGNATESTAGNATE
DECLINEDECLINE
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Tertiary Education Research & Innovation System
ideas
Peo
ple
Fu
nd
ing
Env
iron
men
t Environment
RESEARCH & INNOVATION
04/21/23 34
Tertiary R & I Value Chain
Basic R&D
Applied R&D
PrototypeR & I
Pilot Production
FUNDING( Research Allocations )
FUNDING
Early Growth
Production
(Venture Capitalists,Industry, Banks, other financiers.)
Mature Production
RESEARCH INNOVATION
Concept/Idea
INCENTIVESResearch
Allocations
Market Needs
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Policy Goal -3.
SYSTEM & INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
04/21/23 36
System Level Fragmentation.
Tertiary EducationCouncil
Botswana
Training
Authority’
Seven
Government
Ministries
ELEVEN GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENTS
04/21/23 37
A Single Accountability.
Ministry of Education and Skills Training Department of Tertiary Education
Human ResourceDevelopment
Council
Skills Training and DevelopmentTertiary Education
Human Resource Development
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES
Cu
sto
me
rsIn
tern
al
Pro
ce
ss
es
Le
arn
ing
&
Gro
wth
Fin
an
ci
al
Organisational culture inductions
Team spirit culture
Increase opportunities for lifelong education
Relevant programmes
Improve quality of service at FCTVEImprove quality of programmes
Improve resource management
Improve resource management
Performance reforms implementation
Effective financial management Effective procurement strategies
Strengthen the cultural values of the organisation
Improve utilisation of resources Perception audits
Improve resource management
Produce marketable graduates
Programme Audits
Organisational ExcellenceEducational Excellence
Uphold code of conduct
Partnership ExcellenceStrengthen relationships with
stakeholders/customers
Increase number of partnerships
Flexible modes of delivery
Process mapping
Market surveys
Marketing strategies
Network with corporate world
Improve quality of service at FCTVE
04/21/23 39
Funding Strategy.
Exp
enditur
es
Fund
ing
Val
ue for
M
oney
low
High High High
low low
04/21/23 40
A new Institutional
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UBComprehensive
Research Intensive
University
PrivateInstitution
Private Institution
PrivateInstitution
Education &CommunityColleges
CollegesOf
Technology
Institute of Health
Science
SatelliteCampus
SatelliteCampus
SatelliteCampus
SatelliteCampus
SatelliteCampus
SatelliteCampus
BIUSTScience and TechnologyUniversity
BOCODOLOpen &
Distance Learning
A new Institutional Landscape.
04/21/23 41
SYSTEM-INSTITUTIONAL GOVERNANCE MODEL.
Gov
ernm
ent
Tert
iary
Ed
ucat
ion
Cou
ncil
Tert
iary
In
stitut
ion
s
low
Control
high
Steering Autonomy
04/21/23 42
Qualifications Framework
LEVEL QUALIFICATION TYPE
10 Ph.D
9 Masters
8 Undergraduate degree
7 Diplomas
6 Certificate
1-5 General education to Senior Secondary
04/21/23 43
Policy Implementation
Managing by ProjectDeveloping our People
Beginning and End
NDP10
INITIATION
Initiate
NDP9
PLANNING
Formulate
EXECUTION & CONTROL
Execution
&
Monitor
CLOSEOUT
Review
&
Evaluate
Managing by Project.
CAPACITY
CAPABILITY LEADERSHIP
S
U
C
E
S
S
PLAN&
MANAGE
Developing our People.