towards a user generated state? citizen-government relations in the web 2.0 era valerie frissen
TRANSCRIPT
Towards a user generated state?
Citizen-government relationsin the web 2.0 era
Valerie Frissen
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headlines
e-society and e-government: the new digital divide?
web 2.0: definition and trends
disruptive impact: changing roles of users
impact for government and the public sector:new roles of citizens: ‘ shaking up’ the public value chain
examples
discussion
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the development of the e-society: growing e-readiness
Europe: 7 out of top 10 are EU countries
Scoring criteria Connectivity and technology infrastructure 20%Business environment 15%Social and cultural environment 15%Legal environment 10%Government policy and vision 15%Consumer and business adoption 25%
rapid increase of e-readiness in emerging markets (SE Asia, Middle East, Africa)
most striking development since 2007:explosive emergence and huge deployment of web 2.0 services
but also: slow take-up of public e-services..
E-readiness rankings 2008:Maintaining momentum
Economist Intelligence Unit
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the new digital divide:government 1.0 vs. society 2.0?
Availability and usage of online services
6,0% 5,6% (EU25) 6,1% (EU25)
72%78%
66%
59%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2002 2003 2004 2005/2006
availability
usage
EU15
Source: IPTS based on Eurostat data
similar pattern in the NL, in spite of high e-readiness (globally leading in connectivity)
innovation in the public sector is slow and problematic (e.g.: implementation of health records)
striking discrepancy compared to high deployment and innovative use of ICT in/by society
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web 2.0 or ‘the social web’
an open web environment
which activates users
in social networks
to produce value
resulting in shifting user-producer relations
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disruptive impact in the private sector
shift in user roles: users moving up the value chain
impact on user/producer relations:
new players, exploiting dynamics of social networks and user contributed value
new business models
‘long tail’ of niche markets
‘crowdsourcing’ strategies
new revenue models
open innovation strategies, e.g ‘perpetual beta’, co-creation
signs of ‘creative destruction’
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new user roles: users moving up the value chain
traditional user roles
new user roles
Source: Slot & Frissen (2007)
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impact on government and the public sector: citizens moving up the ‘public value chain’
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example: law enforcement
Citizen
InformDownload
Read
ListenView
Obtain
Consult
Educate Evaluate
Simulate
Plan
Create Contribute
Act
Organise
alertdude.com
SMS crime alert
Control
http://www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk/
www.free-training.com/
Security services
Fraud and Con Game Prevention
Crime maps
e.g. http://opkansas.org/
www.peacemakergame.com/
Riot mobbing
http://criminal-justice-online.blogspot.com/
http://www.legislationline.org/
Share
Publish
Send
coppersblog.blogspot.com/
second life security
citizens take overenforcement role
informing citizens
consulting citizens cit/gov sharìng responsibilities
Crime prevention podcasts
http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/
streetchampions.org.uk
http://www.stopkindersex.nu
crisissearch.comTwitter (Fires in Calif.)
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examples
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mobilisation / exploiting the long tail
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transparency of political representatives
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transparancy of political representatives
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direct influence on decision
makingthrough
collaborative activism
16
17
making public information accessible
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making public information accessible
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enhancing public information: rating services
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21
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organising the ‘wisdom of the crowds’
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24
The
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accesibility and accountability of public services
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crowdsourcing: the citizen as detective
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the new civil servant
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new stakeholders
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self-organisation of public services
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citizen ‘inspectors’
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citizens taking over law enforcement
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conclusion
growing impact of social web on government and public sector: however, awareness in public sector is extremely low
opportunities and risks not recognised
current eGov stuck in 1.0 paradigm: however, take-up is low, many failures, while projects are extremely expensive
risk of a new digital divide, loss of trust in gov, marginalisation of key gov/democratic functions
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research
1. ‘Towards a user generated state?’
study commissioned by Dutch Ministry of Internal Affairstheoretical and empirical exploration of ‘government 2.0’4 in depth case studies of ‘disruptive impacts’
2. ‘The impact of social computing on public services’ (PS20) (TNO/DTI)
study comissioned by the EC/IPTSextensive review of existing research literature, web sources etcdatabase of +100 casesuser survey, in depth case studies
NB: ongoing research, only preliminary results