trabajo monografico diabetes

8/16/2019 Trabajo Monografico Diabetes

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AÑO DE LA DIVERSIFICACIÓN PRODUCTIVA Y DEL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN

UNIVERSIDAD JORGE BASADRE GROHMANN

NOMBRE : DAYANA ELIZABETH OSCO ONOFRE

AÑO : PRIMER AÑO

TACNA – PERÚ2015



AGRADECIMIENTO

Quiero agradecer a Dios, porque a sabido guiarme por el

camino del bien, dándome sabiduría, inteligencia paraculminar con éxito una etapa más de mi vida, y poder servir

a la sociedad con mis conocimientos, para el progreso del

país, el de mi familia y el mío en particular.

2



ÍNDICE

INTRODUCCION……………………………………………………………………………………….4

CAPITULO I…………………………………………………………………………………………..…5

RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA................................................................. …………..5

1.CONCEPTO………………………………………………………………………………………….5

2. MECANISMOS………………………………………………………………………………………5

2.1 ALTERACION EN EL TRANSPORTE DE LA GLUCOSA................................. ….5

CAPITULO II……………………………………………………………………………………………6

DIABETES ............................................................................................................ 6

1.CONCEPTO………………………………………………………………………………………....6

2.TIPOS ............................................................................................................... 6

2.1 DIABETES TIPOI………………………………………………………………………………...6

2.2 DIABETES TIPO II………………….

…………………………………………………………….6

3. COMPLICACIONES…………………………………………………………………………………8

CONCLUSIONES………………………………………………………………………………………9

BIBILIOGRAFIA................................................................................................... 10

ANEXOS............................................................................................................. 11

3



INTRODUCCIÓN

Es ! "#$#%& '!(! )&*& &$%! '+& ,"!s!( #" # -# '#$! !s !( -# *#/&" # ! s s

#s,!) &s. L# ,"'*!"# ,#" ! "# # ! -# "!s's !()'# # -# '(s -'(# !s # ,"!s!( #

( *!)#('s*& ,"'()',#- )&*& -# #- !"#)' ( !- "#(s,&" ! ! -# - )&s#

!s # )&(--!+# -# !( !"*! # --#*# # '#$! !s. L# )# s# ( #*!( #- ! -#

'#$! !s !s -# ,"& ))' ( & #))' ( ! )'!( ! ! (# 7&"*&(# )&*& -#

'(s -'(#.

T!(!" '#$! !s s' (' )# ! s ('+!- ! - )&s# !( -# s#( "! !

"!) !( !*!( ! s! --#*# :#;<)#" !( -# s#( "!=> !s !*#s'# & #- &. E( -#

s#( "! s'!*,"! 7#/ #- & ! - )&s# ,&" ! !- ) !",& -# '-';# )&*& !( !

! !(!" #. P!"& s' !?'s ! !( !?)!s& !s ,!"% ')'#- ,#"# -# s#- .

¿A qué s ! " # $%& # '#() ! *#u+)s' $ #' s'$*, - L# - )&s#

,"&+'!(! ! -&s #-'*!( &s ! s ! )&*! / #*$'@( s! ,"& )! !( !-

7 # & / -&s *<s) -&s. L# s#( "! "#(s,&" # -# - )&s# # & #s -#s )@- -#s !-

) !",&. L# '(s -'(# !s (# s s #()'# *')# (# 7&"*&(#> ,"& )' # ,&" !-

, ()"!#s. E- , ()"!#s -'$!"# '(s -'(# !( -# s#( "!. L# '(s -'(# #/ # -#

- )&s# ! -&s #-'*!( &s # !( "#" # -#s )@- -#s. S' !- ) !",& (& ,"& )!

s )'!( ! '(s -'(# & s' -# '(s -'(# (& ()'&(# ! &"*# # !) # # -# - )&s#

(& , ! ! !( "#" !( -#s )@- -#s. E( &()!s !- ('+!- ! - )&s# s! ! # !( -#

s#( "! / s! !-!+# !*#s'# & )# s#( & ,"! '#$! !s & '#$! !s.

4



CAP.TULO I

RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA

/0 CONCEPTO:

• L# "!s's !()'# # -# '(s -'(# !s (# #- !"#)' ( !(@ ')# & # '"' # ! -#

"!s, !s # 's -#" # -# #))' ( ! -# I(s -'(# . E( @"*'(&s s'&- ')&s s!

"! !"! # (# '(# !) # # )#, #)' ( ! -# - )&s# !,!( '!( ! ! '(s -'(#

,&" ,#" ! ! -&s !%' &s !( !s,!)'#- !- 7 # & *<s) -& / !%' & # ',&s&.• C&( !- '!*,& )&*& "!s - # & ! !s # #- !"#)' ( -&s ('+!-!s ! - )&s#

!( s#( "! # *!( #( ',!" - )!*'# > / s! #)&*,# #(

! 7',!"'(s -'(!*'# ,&" -# s&$"!,"& ))' ( ,#()"! ')# ! '(s -'(#

--!+#( & #- &" #('s*& #- !s#""&--& ! D'#$! !s *!--' s ',& 2.

10 MECANISMOS DE RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA:

• L&s *!)#('s*&s *&-!) -#"!s ! -# "!s's !()'# # -# '(s -'(# #$#")#( '+!"s#s /

)&*,-!%#s #- !"#)'&(!s !( -# s! #-';#)' ( / !- "#(s,&" ! ! -# '(s -'(# / -#

"! -#)' ( (&"*#- ! -# !?,"!s' ( / s ( !s's ! # ',&)'(#s.

10/ ALTERACIÓN EN EL TRANSPORTE DE GLUCOSA

• Es !- *!)#('s*& ,"'()',#- ! "!s's !()'# # -# '(s -'(# !( ,#)'!( !s

'#$@ ')&s. Es (# #- !"#)' ( !- "#(s,&" ! ! - )&s# ! !s)#"#) !"';# # ,&" ! !) &s ! -# !?,"!s' ( ! !(;'*#s

5

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulina

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosa

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperglucemia

https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiperinsulinemia&action=edit&redlink=1

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulina

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosa

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperglucemia

https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiperinsulinemia&action=edit&redlink=1



'( "#)!- -#"!s / ! -# "#(s-&)#)' ( !- GLUT4 ,&" ! )'!()'#s !( -#

#) '+' # !- "!)!, &" ! '(s -'(# RI>.

•

E- RI !s (# ,"& ! (# !*!*$"#(#

)' &,-#s* ')# !

!s !?,"!s# # !(

)@- -#s !- *<s) -&

!s !-@ ')&

7 # & "' ( )!"!$"& /

!%' & # ',&s&. P"!s!( # ) # "& s $ (' # !s &s subunidades β

! ,&s!!( #) '+' # '"&s'(# )'(#s# !,!( '!( ! ! ATP '(7'$' #s

,&" &s subunidades α . C #( & -# '(s -'(# s! (! # -#s subunidades

α s! ,'!" ! !s # '(7'$')' ( )&( # & &s &"'-#)' ( !- RI ,&" #) '+' #

'"&s'(# )'(#s# !( ,"!s!()'# ! ATP.S'( @s # #) '+' # '"&s ( )'(#s#

!- "!)!, &" ! '(s -'(# (& s! # ('( (& ! -&s ! !) &s $'&- ')&s

! -# '(s -'(#.

Alteración en el transporte de Glucosa

LA FUNCIÓN DE LA INSULINA SOBRE LA GLUCOSA

6

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT4

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_de_insulina

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina_cinasa

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenos%C3%ADn_trifosfato

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT4

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_de_insulina

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirosina_cinasa

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenos%C3%ADn_trifosfato



• L# - )&s# !s !- )&*$ s '$-! ,"'*#"'&

,#"# & &s -&s !%' &s !- ) !",&. E-

)!"!$"& s# !( &"(& #- 25 ! -#

- )&s# & #-. S'( !*$#" & !$' & # !

!- )!"!$"& #-*#)!(# * / ,&)# - )&s#s'!*,"! '!(! ! 7#$!" (

#$#s !)'*'!( & )&(s #( ! / )&( "&-# &

! - )&s# 's,&('$-! !( -# )&""'!( !

s#( (!#. E- &$%! '+& !s *#( !(!" #-

)!"!$"& ()'&(#( & # !) # #*!( !. E(

!s ! s!( ' & !s ! +' #- '*,&" #()'# !

!- ('+!- ! - )&s# !( s#( "! s!

*#( !( # !( ( "#( & ! 60 # 120

* - )&( !- ( ! ,"!+!('" (# #- # !

s *'('s "& #- s's !*# (!"+'&s&.

• L# '(s -'(# !s -# ,"'()',#- 7&"*&(#

! "! -# -&s ('+!-!s ! - )&s# !(

s#( "!. S ()' ( !s )&( "&-#" -#

+!-&)' # # -# ! -# - )&s# s! )&(s *! !( -#s )@- -#s !- *<s) -& !%' &

"#s& ! 7 # &.

• C# # (& ! !s &s ',&s ! )@- -#s !- ) !",& s# -# - )&s# ! (# *#(!"#

' !"!( !. Es ! s& !s ! !"*'(# & ,&" !- s's !*# !(;'* ')& !s,!) )& !

)# # (#. E- "# #*'!( & ! -# '#$! !s s! $#s# !( -# '( !"#))' ( ! -#

'(s -'(# / & "#s 7&"*&(#s )&( -&s ,"&)!s&s )!- -#"!s ! !s &s "!s ',&s !

)@- -#s !- ) !",&.

La glucosa es el estímulo más importante para la secreción de insulina.

LA GRASA

L# ()' ( ,"'*#"'# ! -# )@- -# !- !%' & # ',&s& !s #-*#)!(#" !(!" # !(

&"*# ! "#s#. Es #s )@- -#s )&( '!(!( !(;'*#s <(')#s ! )&(+'!" !( -#- )&s# !( "' -')@"' &s / ,&s !"'&"*!( ! -&s "' -')@"' &s !( )' &s "#s&s

7



! s&( -'$!"# &s / )&(+!" ' &s !( ) !",&s )! (')&s s! <( !-

7 # & -&s +# (!)!s' #( &. T#( & -# )&(+!"s' ( ! - )&s# #

"' -')@"' &s )&*& -# " , "# ! -&s "' -')@"' &s # )' &s "#s&s s&(

"! -# #s ,&" -# '(s -'(#.

L# '(s -'(# #*$'@( '(7'$! -# -',#s# (# !(;'*# ! !s)&*,&(! -# "#s#

#-*#)!(# # !( -')!"&- / )' & "#s&s. P&" -& #( & "! -#( & -# )#, #)' (

! - )&s# !( -#s )@- -#s "#s#s -# '(s -'(# '( /! !( !- *! #$&-'s*& ! -#s

"#s#s.

E( # s!()'# ! '(s -'(# -#s )@- -#s "#s#s s! "! #( ! &"*# ,#s'+# -# "#s#

#-*#)!(# # !( "#( !s )#( ' # !s ,&" -& ! (& s! *! #$&-';#(

)&*,-! #*!( ! / )&( )!( #- '#$@ ')& # -# )! &#)' &s's.

M2SCULO

C&( "!s,!) & #- *! #$&-'s*& ! -# '(s -'(# -#s )@- -#s !- *<s) -&

'!(!( &s ()'&(!s ,"'*#"'#sH

• C&(+!" '" -# - )&s# !( -# !(!" # ! (!)!s' # !- *<s) -& ,#"#

()'&(#".

• S!"+'" )&*& ( !, s' & ! ,"& ! (# / - ) !(&.

C&*& !- !%' & "#s& !- *<s) -& (!)!s' # ! -# '(s -'(# #)'-' ! !- "#(s,&" !

! -# - )&s# # "#+@s ! -# *!*$"#(# ! -# )@- -#. L# )@- -# !- *<s) -&

'!(! s s !(;'*#s ,"&,'#s ,#"# )&( "&-#" -&s &s )#*'(&s *! #$ -')&s 7#s #

-# - )&s#H s )&(+!"s' ( !( !(!" # )&( " ) '- / s )&(+!"s' ( !( - ) !(&.

C #( & !- ('+!- ! - )&s# !( s#( "! !s (&"*#- -# '(s -'(# #*$'@( '( /!

s&$"! -#s !(;'*#s ! -#s )@- -#s !- *<s) -& #- #+&"!)!" -# )#, #)' ( !

#*'(& )' &s ! '*,! '" -# '-';#)' ( ! -# ,"& ! (# ,"&,'#.

8



E- 7 # &

E- - ) !(& !- 7 # & !s & "# &"*# ! #-*#)!(#*'!( & ! - )&s#. Es

* )7& * s )'- 's,&(!" !- - ) !(& ,#"# &$ !(!" !(!" # ! ! -&s

"' -')@"' &s ! ,"'*!"& '!(!( ! s!" )&(+!" ' &s !( )' &s "#s&s /,&s !"'&"*!( ! !( ) !",&s )! (')&s. E- 7 # & )&( "&-# !s #s )&(+!"s'&(!s /

#*$'@( )&(+'!" ! -&s #*'(& )' &s !( - )&s# s' !s (!)!s#"'&.

Es ! <- '*& ,"&)!s& s! --#*# -# - )&(!& @(!s's &"*#)' ( !

( !+# - )&s#>.

A ( ! -# '(s -'(# (& s!# (!)!s#"'# ,#"# !- "#(s,&" ! ! -#

- )&s# #- 7 # & # !) # '"!) #*!( ! # -# )#,#)' # !- 7 # & ,#"#

# *!( #" -# )#, #)' ( ! -# - )&s# #- "! )'" !- +#-&" ! - )& !( -'s's -#

)&(+!"s' ( ! - ) !(& !( - )&s#> # *!( #( & -# s ( !s's ! - ) !(& /

's*'( /!( & !- +#-&" ! - )&(!& @(!s's.

L#s )@- -#s B! # !- , ()"!#s )&( "&-#( !- ('+!- ! - )&s#. E( ,"'*!" - #"

s'"+!( )&*& ( s!(s&" ! -&s )#*$'&s !- ('+!- ! - )&s# !( s#( "! /

!s, @s s! "! #( -# '(s -'(# (!)!s#"'# ,#"# "! -#" -# )#, #)' ( !

)#"$&7' "# &s / *#( !(!" -&s ('+!-!s ! - )&s# !( "& ! ( *#" !( * /

!s "!)7&. E?'s ! ( s's !*# ! "! "&#-'*!( #)' ( ,&" *! '& !- ) #- (#

,! ! # )#( ' # ! )#"$&7' "# &s !s '* -# -#s )@- -#s B! # ,#"# -'$!"#" (#

)#( ' # #*$'@( ,! ! # ! '(s -'(#. E- 7 # & "!s,&( ! #- # *!( & ! -#

s!)"!)' ( ! '(s -'(# s ,"'*'!( & -# )&(+!"s' ( ! - ) !(& - )& !( -'s's>.

As'*'s*& -# &"*#)' ( ! - )&s# s! ,#"#-';#.

A ( ! !- ,"&)!s& ! !s '* -#)' ( ! -#s )@- -#s B! # / -# s!)"!)' ( ! '(s -'(#(& s! )&*,"!( # )&*,-! #*!( ! s! s#$! ! !- *! #$&-'s*& ,"&+&)# -#

s ( !s's ! - )&s# *! '#( ! ( ,"!) "s&" ! -# '(s -'(# --#*# & ,"&'(s -'(#. L#

,"&'(s -'(# s! "#(s &"*# !( -# '(s -'(# !( "& ! -#s )@- -#s B! # / !s #

'(s -'(# s! #-*#)!(# !( &()!s !( " ( -&s / s! -'$!"# !( "!s, !s # # )'!" &s

!s * -&s. L# - )&s# !s !- !s * -& * s '*,&" #( ! ,#"# -# s!)"!)' ( !

'(s -'(#

9



CAPITULO II

DIABETES

/0 CONCEPTO:

• L# '#$! !s !s (# !( !"*! # )" (')# ! #,#"!)! ) #( & !- ) !",& (&

, ! ! ,"& )'" s )'!( ! '(s -'(# & (& , ! ! s#" -# '(s -'(# ! )#;*!( !. L#

'(s -'(# !s (# 7&"*&(# ,"& )' # !( !- , ()"!#s ! ,!"*' ! ! -#

- )&s# ! -&s #-'*!( &s !( "! !( -#s )@- -#s !- ) !",& &( ! s! )&(+'!" !!( -# !(!" # (!)!s#"'# ,#"# ! ()'&(!( -&s *<s) -&s / -&s !%' &s.

• A !s ! "!s,!) & 7#/ ! "!)&" #" ! -# '(s -'(# !s (# '*,&" #( ! 7&"*&(#

#(#$ -')# ! #+&"!)! !- "#(s,&" ! ! - )&s# / #*'(& )' &s # "#+@s !

*!*$"#(# #+&"!)! !- !, s' & ! - ) !(& !( 7 # & ,#" ')',# !( !-

*! #$&-'s*& -', ')& / #+&"!)! -# s ( !s's ! )' &s ( )-!')&s / ! ,"& ! (#s

!( "! & "#s ()'&(!s.

L# '(s -'(# "#$#%# )&*& (# --#+! ! #$"! -#s , !" #s ! -#s )@- -#s /

,!"*' ! !- '( "!s& ! -# - )&s#. S'( -# '(s -'(# -# - )&s# (& , ! ! --! #"

7#s # -#s )@- -#s -#s , !" #s ,!"*#(!)!( )!""# #s / (& 7#/ (# --#+!> !

*#(!"# ! s! ! # !( !- %& s#( (!&. C&*& "!s - # & !- ('+!- !

#;<)#" !( -# s#( "! #-)#(;# ('+!-!s * s #- &s ! -& (&"*#-. L&s ('+!-!s

!-!+# &s ! #;<)#" "!,"!s!( #( ( ,"&$-!*# ,&" ! , ! !( ,"&+&)#" +#"'&s

,"&$-!*#s ! s#- .

10



10

TIPOS :

10/ DIABETES TIPO I H

• L# '#$! !s ',& 1 !s )# s# # ,&" (# "!#))' ( # &'(* (! !( -#

! !- s's !*# ! ! !(s# !- ) !",& # #)# -#s )@- -#s $! #

,"& ) &"#s ! '(s -'(# !( !- , ()"!#s.• C&*& "!s - # & !- ) !",& /# (& , ! ! ,"& )'" -# '(s -'(# !

(!)!s' #. N& s! s#$! * / $'!( ,&" @ &) ""! !s &.• L# !( !"*! # , ! ! # !) #" # ,!"s&(#s ! ) #- '!" ! # ,!"&

!(!"#-*!( ! s! ,"!s!( # !( (' &s & # - &s % +!(!s. L#s ,!"s&(#s

)&( !s ! ',& ! '#$! !s (!)!s' #( '(s -'(# & &s -&s #s ,#"#

)&( "&-#" -&s ('+!-!s ! - )&s# !( s#( "!.• S'( '(s -'(# (# ,!"s&(# )&( '#$! !s ',& 1 * !"!.

L# '#$! !s ',& 1 s !-! !s#""&--#"s! "!,!( '(#*!( ! / , ! ! ,"& )'"

s ( &*#s #-!s )&*&H

J S! #(&"*#- /

s! ! # ! $&)#

J M'))' ( "!) !( !

JF#- # ! !(!" #

)#(s#()'& !? "!*&

J #*$"! )&(s #( !J P@" ' # "!,!( '(# ! ,!s&

11



' !"!()'# !( "! D'#$! !s T',& 1 / D'#$! !s T',& 2H

S%(u'+%3$ $),4'#:

C #( & -# '(s -'(# s! #)&,-# !( -&s "!)!, &"!s ! '(s -'(# !

-#s )@- -#s -# - )&s# , ! ! ,!(! "#" # "#+@s ! s s

*!*$"#(#s / '-';#"s!.

D%'" ( s T%5) I H

C #( & !- , ()"!#s (& ,"& )! '(s -'(# -#

- )&s# (& , ! ! ,!(! "#" !( -#s )@- -#s !-

) !",& / '-';#"s!.

D%'" ( s T%5) II H

C #( & -&s "!)!, &"!s ! '(s -'(# ! -#s

)@- -#s !- ) !",& (& ()'&(#( -# '(s -'(# (&

, ! ! #)&,-#"s! # !--&s / -# - )&s# (&, ! ! ,!(! "#" !( -#s )@- -#s !- ) !",& /

'-';#"s!.

2



60 COMPLICACIONES DE LA DIABETES:• L#s ,!"s&(#s )&( '#$! !s )&""!( !- "'!s & ! !s#""&--#" (# s!"'! !

,"&$-!*#s ! s#- ! , ! !( ,"&+&)#" 's)#,#)' # & -# * !" !.

L&s )&(s #( !*!( ! #- &s ('+!-!s ! - )&s# !( s#( "! , ! !(

)&( )'" # !( !"*! # !s "#+!s ! # !) #( #- )&"#; ( / # -&s +#s&ss#( (!&s &%&s "' &(!s / (!"+'&s.

• L#s ,!"s&(#s )&( '#$! !s #*$'@( '!(!( ( *#/&" "'!s & !

!s#""&--#" '( !))'&(!s. E( )#s' & &s -&s ,# s!s ! "!( # #- # -#

'#$! !s !s -# ,"'()',#- )# s# ! -#s !( !"*! # !s )#" '&+#s) -#"!s -#

)! !"# -# '(s )'!()'# "!(#- / -# #*, #)' ( ! *'!*$"&s '( !"'&"!s

/ # *! ' # ! -# ,"!+#-!()'# ! -# '#$! !s ',& 2 )"!)! !( ,# s!s !

"!( # $#%# / *! '# #*$'@( -& 7#)! !- '*,#) & ! !s #s )&s &s#s)&*,-')#)'&(!s #( & !( @"*'(&s 7 *#(&s )&*& !)&( *')&s.

• E- *#( !('*'!( & ! -&s ('+!-!s (&"*#-!s ! - )&s# !( s#( "!

,"!s' ( #" !"'#- / )&-!s !"&- , ! ! #/ #" # "! "#s#" & ,"!+!('" -#s

)&*,-')#)'&(!s ! -# '#$! !s. L#s ,!"s&(#s )&( '#$! !s "! '!"!( (

s! '*'!( & "! -#" ! -#s )&*,-')#)'&(!s.

3

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