track access charges in eu. track access charges … · capacity maximization charge • •...
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Track access charges in EU
Railway Costing & Pricing
10 December 2015
Miklos Kopp - UIC – Director East-West relations
Factors
> Costing
> Operational and production costs
> Indirect and overhead costs
> Safety
> Management
> Training
> Insurances
> Pricing strategy
> Objective 0
> Margin
2 FIATA UIC 18 September 2014
Operational and production costs
> Track Access Charges ~ 30%
> Slots
> Energy
> Human resources ~ 30%
> Train drivers
> Shunting and Inspection
> Rolling Stock ~ 30%
> Locomotives
> Railcars
> Logistic ~ 10%
3 FIATA UIC 18 September 2014
Track Access Charges for freight trains
> European UIC members funded project
> The deliverable is focusing on 33 EU
Infrastructure Managers. Their Network
Statements have been analysed and
compared to give a clear view on the
charging system structures and on the
variables used.
4 FIATA UIC 18 September 2014
Final results 1. Introduction
2. Qualitative Analysis:
• System Classification
• Variables
3. Quantitative Analysis:
• Price Ranges
• National ODs
• European Freight Corridors
• Cross Border Analysis
4. Other Analysis
5. Conclusions
5
Analysis of Charging Systems for Freight Synthesis and description of infrastructure charging systems in selected EU
countries for the year 2013
> A file for each country has been created based on the
country’s Network Statement
> Charging systems have been classified by system type
(additive, multiplicative, etc.). Charges for line, energy and
other charges are differentiated.
> Charging levels
> Variables/system structure/charging levels are compared
and limitations of infrastructure charging systems for
freight are discussed
> Matrix of variables – analysis of types of charges and how
charging systems are calculated
6
2013 Freight Charging System Classification
7
Type of
System Description Countries Qty.
Simple
price per
train-km
and/or per
ton-km
Bulgaria, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
Ireland, Latvia,
Lithuania,
Netherlands,
Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Sweden
12
Simple+
same as
"simple" with
possibility of
a few
additional
parameters
Austria, Hungary,
Romania,
Switzerland 4
Multiplic
ative
base price
multiplied by
different
factors
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Germany 3
Additive
X1 + X2 + X3
+ … where Xi
is a simple or
complex
component
Belgium, France,
Greece, Italy,
Luxembourg,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, United
Kingdom
9
Charging System Classification
Type of
System Description Countries Qty.
MC Marginal
Cost
Bulgaria, Greece,
Ireland, Luxembourg,
Netherlands
(conventional lines),
Norway
6
MC+ Marginal
Cost Plus
Additions
Austria, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland,
United Kingdom
10
FC- Full Cost
Minus
Discounts
Belgium, Germany, Italy,
Hungary, Poland,
Romania, Slovenia,
Slovakia
8
FC Full Cost Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands
(HS only) 3
8
Source: RailCALC 2008
Charging System Variable Analysis (1/3)
9
Item Au
stri
a B
elgi
um
B
ulg
aria
Cro
atia
C
zech
Re
pu
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D
enm
ark
Esto
nia
Fi
nla
nd
Fr
ance
G
erm
any
Gre
ece
H
un
gary
Ir
elan
d
Ital
y La
tvia
Li
thu
ania
Lu
xem
bo
urg
N
eth
erla
nd
s N
orw
ay
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
gal
Ro
man
ia
Slo
vaki
a Sl
ove
nia
Spai
n
Swed
en
Swit
zerl
and
U
K -
HS1
U
K -
Net
w. R
ail
UK
- N
. Ire
lan
d
TP F
erro
Eu
rotu
nn
el
Ore
sun
d
What Is Charged
Time-of-day pricing • • • • • • • • • •
Train Frequency •
Train speed • • • • •
Train Type (Physical Characteristics) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Axle load •
Loco/Traction Type • • • • • • • • • • •
Service Type (Service Pattern, distance) • • • • •
Train-path quality • • •
Line Type (importance categorization) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Line Type (capacity) • • • • • •
Capacity maximization Charge • • • • • • •
Scarcity Surcharge • • • •
Low-speed penalty • •
How It is Charged
Flat Fee • • •
Fee per train-km • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Fee per tonne-km • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Fee per min • •
Node fee • •
Fee per Axle-km • •
Axle load • • •
Charging System Variable Analysis (2/3)
10 Freight Forum 14 May 2014
Item Au
stri
a
Bel
giu
m
Bu
lgar
ia
Cro
atia
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Den
mar
k
Esto
nia
Fin
lan
d
Fran
ce
Ger
man
y
Gre
ece
Hu
nga
ry
Irel
and
Ital
y
Latv
ia
Lith
uan
ia
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Net
her
lan
ds
No
rway
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
gal
Ro
man
ia
Slo
vaki
a
Slo
ven
ia
Spai
n
Swed
en
Swit
zerl
and
UK
- H
S1
UK
- N
etw
. Rai
l
UK
- N
. Ire
lan
d
TP F
erro
Euro
tun
nel
Ore
sun
d
Charge Categories
Reservation Fee • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Cancellation Fee • • • • • • • •
Running Charge • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Admin Fee • • • • •
Access Fee •
Security Fee • •
Accident Insurance Charge • •
Environmental Surcharge • • • • •
Special Infrastructure Fees • • • •
Dangerous goods transport • •
Low noise fee/discount • • • •
ETCS fee/discount •
Performance Scheme • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Freight Subsidy / Discount • • •
Traction Current and Fuel
Traction Current - access • • • • • • • • • • • •
Traction Current - management • • • • • •
Traction Current - use fee • • • • • • • • • •
Fuel - management • •
Fuel - dispensing •
Fuel - access • • •
Varying rates for Diesel/Electric • • • • • • • • • •
Charging System Variable Analysis (3/3)
11
Item Au
stri
a
Bel
giu
m
Bu
lgar
ia
Cro
atia
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Den
mar
k
Esto
nia
Fin
lan
d
Fran
ce
Ger
man
y
Gre
ece
Hu
nga
ry
Irel
and
Ital
y
Latv
ia
Lith
uan
ia
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Net
her
lan
ds
No
rway
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
gal
Ro
man
ia
Slo
vaki
a
Slo
ven
ia
Spai
n
Swed
en
Swit
zerl
and
UK
- H
S1
UK
- N
etw
. Rai
l
UK
- N
. Ire
lan
d
TP F
erro
Euro
tun
nel
Ore
sun
d
Facility Charges (in NS)
Pricing by Facility Importance • • • • •
Maintenance Facilities Access • • • • •
Parking at stations • • • •
Parking in Sidings • • • • • • • • • •
Parking Time (short v. long-term) • • • •
Marshalling yards - access • • • • • •
IM vs. Non-IM operated facility •
Train formation - access • • •
Train formation - use • • • • •
Facility Services (in NS)
Shunting Services • • • • •
Train Washing •
Gauge changing equipment - use •
Provision of water •
Brake Test Facility • • •
Track Weighbridges • • •
Loading Area • •
Handling of ITUs •
Other Facility Types - access • • •
Defined Trains
12
Type Mass Length Max. Axle
Load Max Speed
Departure
Time Notes
1 500 tons
Up to 750 m
22.5 t/axle
80 km/h 12 noon
2 960 tons 22.5 t/axle 3 2000
tons
22.5 t/axle 4 25.0 t/axle Only certain corridors 5 3000
tons
22.5 t/axle 6 25.0 t/axle Only certain corridors
Max.
22.5 t
25.0 t
Lmax = 750 m
Vmax = 80 km/h
Price Ranges: 2000-ton train
13
0 €
5 €
10 €
15 €
20 €
25 €
30 €
35 €
40 €
45 €
AT
BE
BE
(H
S)
BG
CZ
DK
EE FI
FR
FR
(H
S)
DE
DE
(H
S)
GR
HU IE IT LV
LT
LU
NL
NL (
HS
)N
O PL
PT
RO
SK
SL
ES
SE
CH
UK
UK
-HS
1
€ p
er
train
-km
National ODs
14
Country Origin-Destination
Austria Vienna – Salzburg
Belgium Namur – Antwerp
Bulgaria Sofia – Bourgas
Czech Republic Prague – Ostrava
Denmark Copenhagen – Esbjerg
Estonia Tallinn – Narva
Finland Helsinki – Turku
France Perpignan – Metz
Germany Hamburg – Mannheim
Greece Athens – Thessaloniki
Hungary Budapest – Miskolc
Ireland Dublin – Dundalk Clarke
Italy Milano – Rome
Latvia Riga – Valka
Lithuania Vilnius – Klaipeda
Luxemburg Esch – Troisvierges border
Netherlands Rotterdam – Venlo
Norway Halden – Oslo
Poland Warsaw – Katowice
Portugal Lisbon – Porto
Romania Bucharest – Brasov
Slovakia Bratislava – Kosice
Slovenia Maribor – Ljubljana
Spain Madrid – Irun
Sweden Göteborg – Stockholm
Switzerland Lausanne – Buchs (SG)
United Kingdom London – Liverpool
5
7
9
3
2
1
0 5 10
<150 km
150-300km
300-450km
450-600km
600-750km
750km+
Na
tio
na
l O
D L
en
gth
D
istr
ibu
tio
n
National OD Calculations – Average per km (Comparing 500-, 960-, 1200-, and 3000-tonne trains)
15
0.00 €
5.00 €
10.00 €
15.00 €
20.00 €
25.00 €
30.00 €
35.00 € A
T
BE
BG
CZ
DK
EE FI
FR
(su
bsid
ize
d)
FR
(no
t sub
sid
ize
d)
DE
GR
HU IE IT LV
LT
LU
NL
NO PL
PT
RO
SK
SL
ES
SE
CH
UK
500-tonne train960-tonne train2000-tonne train3000-tonne train
FFG CER 1 JULY 2014
European Freight Corridors ODs Corridors from Directive 913/2010 (and 1316/2013)
16 Freight Forum 14 May 2014
No Countries
1 NL, BE, DE, IT
2 NL, BE, LU, FR
3 SE, DK, DE, AT, IT
4 PT, ES, FR
5 PL, CZ, SK, AT, IT, SI
6 ES, FR, IT, SI, HU
7 CZ, AT, SK, HU, RO, BG
8 DE, NL, BE, PL, LT
9 CZ, SK
Sensitivity Analysis - European Freight Corridors Charge per km
17
2.2
1 €
4.0
9 €
2.2
6 €
3.2
8 €
2.4
3 €
2.2
6 €
3.0
6 €
3.2
4 €
2.4
8 €
3.4
7 €
4.7
6 €
3.5
8 €
3.2
8 €
6.2
0 €
2.9
7 €
5.1
6 €
6.4
2 €
7.4
1 €
0.00 €
1.00 €
2.00 €
3.00 €
4.00 €
5.00 €
6.00 €
7.00 €
8.00 €
Corridor 1Corridor 2Corridor 3Corridor 4Corridor 5Corridor 6Corridor 7Corridor 8Corridor 9
500-tonne train
960-tonne train
Corridor No. of
Countries Total Number of Variables Used
1 4
2 5
3 5
4 3
5 4
6 5
7 4
8 3
9 2
Cross-Border Analysis: Variables
18
26 30
24 23
18 28
18 22
12
Other analysis
> Network Statement Analysis
> Calculation Tools
> Noise-Differentiated Charges
> Energy Costs
> Expected System Trends
19
Conclusions
> European Railway Network Segmented into parts by charging
systems
> Analysis of charges in European Freight Corridors provides a
good example of how complex charges in structure are and
how much they change over the distance of the corridor
> Some IMs are recovering more than others, and cross-
subsidizing each-other
> Innovative charging concepts have emerged as charging
systems are continuing to develop (noise, energy recovery)
> It would be interesting to develop the same project worldwide
to compare all the TAC structures
20
Thank you for your kind attention
Miklos KOPP Director East-West relations [email protected]
21
FFG CER 1 JULY 2014