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TRAINING MODULE

WITH GALYAT AS MICRO CASE STUDY

By : Khadija Jamal

Ashraf Shanjer

CONSULTANTS GROUParchitecture planning engineering development studies

7-C, 21st Commercial Street, Phase II Ext., D.H.A.

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Karachi, Pakistan

Tel : (92-21) 5889951, 5894058

Fax : (92-21) 5894056

Preamble

After discussions at the workshop in September at Nepal

where the Consultants presented his initial training

frame work, the outline proposed by Consultants Group

has been expanded.

This now carries the course topic outlines and the time

table for training. The training will take place in the

field for maximum exposure and interaction. The formatencourages maximum participation and exchange. The case

study document will provide the matter as an

illustration of the topics which can also be explained

in the field. Thus the outline topics proposed have can

even be used for training in other case study areas

with case presentation prepared from the respective

documents.

The Training Modules are for Policy Makers, Programme

Designers and Implementers, Community and Visitors whoare involved and are stakeholders in Mountain Tourism

Development.

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1. For Policy Makers

"Choose not for anyone what you do not choose for

yourself"

Persian Proverb

Introduction

Policy-making can be the cutting edge in solving

today's problems tomorrow and warding off

tomorrow's problems before they have a chance to

exist. Policy proposals are often the articulation

of new insights and vision about the role of

government, a means of defining emergent values,

and the process by which options are presented for

scrutiny by stakeholders. Policies are oftendefined as "Statement of Intent". But intentions

don't always translate into actions and outcomes.

What is important are direction and results.

Relationship between Goals, Policies and

Strategies

Goals are statements that describe desired future

conditions worthy of community effort and

commitment. They reflect need, focus on results

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and call for human and material resource

commitment.

Policies are formal positions to support the

implementation of goals. They state what the

government intends to do. They are deliberate acts

by those who possess the responsibility for making

decision that will produce anticipated results.

Policies make goals legal and sanction government

courses of action. They lead to the development of

strategies to carry out the goals. Strategies are

means used to accomplish goals and implement

policies. Strategies should encompass a wide range

of alternatives to get programmes and projects

implemented. They should consider the use of non-governmental approaches, utilising the private

sector, non-profit agencies and community based

organisations.

Rather than be caught up in terminologies, what is

important is to understand the sequence of events

and where policy-making fits into the sequence.

First is awareness and insight into needs and then

is the vision of what can be done and how it can be

done.

Not all policy-making is productive, neither it is

appreciated by those it is designed to serve nor

are all noble in its intents. Not all policy-

making is forward-looking-sometimes it reflects

backward planning. Nevertheless, policy-making is

central to elected leadership and deserves the best

thoughts and actions. Policy is the machinery of

governance.

Purpose

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The workshop is designed to inform participants

about the nature of government policies related to

tourism in Hindu Kush - Himalaya environment. It

is aimed at creating means of developing policies

in pursuing Tourism in Mountainous areas for local

community development and explaining means of

policy establishment for sustainable tourism

development through government institution, NGOs

and communities. Participants who will complete

this workshop will understand the importance of

policy-making as a deliberate process and the

consequence of governance by unintentional policy.

The workshop would assist the policy-makers in

appreciating the various aspects and develop

policies through dialogues.

Since the issues are cross-sectoral such as tourism

(eco-tourism), forests, wildlife and environment/

landscape and socio-economic development the

participants would be varied. This would be a 15

hours workshop/training forum. The participants

would be from Ministry of Tourism, STC, Ministry of

Environment Pakistan Environment Council, Wildlife

Department and Social Welfare Department - Ministry

of Finance.

Training Time : 15 hours spread over two days

Venue : Nathiagali

Participants : 14 Persons

The participants will arrive in Nathiagali on Day 1

by 9:30 a.m. The course would comprise of lectures,

field visits, workshop discussions and

presentations. The participants will depart by

1800hrs on Day 2.

Content Outlines

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The course will have the following topics :

1. Orientation on Tourism and Local Development

- Employment generation

- Environmental preservation- Communication networks (road, transport &

others)

- Accommodation and other facilities /

infrastructure

- Maximising linkages between tourism and

local development

- Minimising leakages of benefits and

returns

- Information dissemination and marketing

2. Policy making for tourism development and

benefits to the community :

- Sustainable mountain tourism

- Concept of carrying capacity

- Long term vs short term policies

- Translating policies / strategies to

programmes and projects

3. Institutional and sectoral coordination- Public agencies coordination

- Public and Private sector

- NGOs and CBOs

4. Relating issues to policies

- Preservation of nature/environment

- Firewood/alternate source of energy

- Environmentally friendly policies

- Critical resources - human, financial,

institutional and natural

- Linkage: Tourism and community development

- Monitoring of activities

TRAINING EXERCISES

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Day 110.00 a.m. Introduction of participants over

tea10.30 a.m. Orientation on Tourism and Local

Development.Questions and Discussions

12.00 p.m. Warm-up exercise : ReflectionParticipants would reflect on their own

experiences with similar policies that

have been enacted or should have been

enacted and the impact.

12:45 p.m. Lunch

01.30 p.m. Policy making for tourism

development and benefits to the

community02.45 p.m. Quiz for Policy Makers

Participants could identify from a list

the policies, goals, problems and

strategies first working alone and then

in small group to compare results.03.45 p.m. Tea04.00 p.m. Field Visit05.30 p.m. Rest06.30 p.m. Case Study

Participants read a case situation and

working in small group, identify the

problems, goals, policies and strategies

implied by the situation.08.30 p.m.

Dinner

Day 209.30 a.m. Institutional and sectoral

coordination questions10.45 a.m. Tea

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11.00 a.m. Relating issues to policies12.00 p.m. Skill practice exercise

Working in small groups, participants

will discuss problems each of them has

in their department/ministry and withreference to lectures, and write a goal

statement, policy statement and one or

more strategies for achieving the goal.01.00 p.m. Lunch02.00 p.m. Skill transfer exercise

Participants reflect on what they have

learned and make personal commitments to

put it to use after the workshop.03.00 p.m. Closing Remarks

2. Programme Managers and Implementers

"Think like a man of action and act like a man of

thoughts"

Henri Bergson.

Introduction

Implementation means to carry out, accomplish,

produce, fulfill, complete, maintain and operate.

Implementation is doing what was said would be done

in policies and plans. Implementation doesn't just

happen. It must be managed aggressively and

continuously. The key managerial roles that support

implementation are :

1) Decision to assure that inappropriate and

unnecessary projects and programmes are not

brought on line in the first place.

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2) Human resource development and Institutional

capacity to assure trained and motivated staff.

3) Resource management, making available adequate

funds, time, personnel, materials and

equipments to implement.

The role of programme managers and implementers

therefore is perhaps four fold, in broader terms,

enabler, facilitator overseer and financier.

Behaviour or act is extremely vital focusing on

what managers do and how they behave in given

situations. Behaviour is the bottom line of

management. Which role does the manager want toplay : Set I. Figurehead, leader, liaison ? Set II.

Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson ? Set III.

Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, resource

allocater, negotiator?

For successful implementation, managers may have to

"get their hands dirty" by learning and applying

technical skills that aren't in the formal

management curriculum.

The key elements are to diminish the gap between

policy and ground reality and therefore be involved

in the planning and development of

programme/initiative; availability of adequate

resource; set up monitoring and evaluation systems

as efficiency and effectiveness are important

benchmarks for determining performance.

Purpose

The workshop has been designed to provide

participants with an understanding of

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implementation programmes and projects related to

Mountain tourism and socio-economic development of

the communities. It will bring into focus the

aspect of feasibility for interchangeable roles and

explore creative and innovative methods of

programme management and implementation.

The training workshop will discuss issues of

tourism carrying capacity, participating and

sustainable approaches involvement of private

sector and inter-agency coordination.

Participation

Managers and implementers of tourism related

activities. This would be a group having

association with different programmes of tourism in

public or private sector Possibly a 2-3 day

workshop. The group of trainees would be from the

various departments having presence in the field.

Training Time : 35 hours spread over four days

Venue : Nathiagali


The participants will arrive an evening before the

course commencement. The course would comprise of

lectures, discussions, field visits and workshop.

Content Outlines

The course will having the following outline.

1. Role of Programme Planners and Implementers

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2. Orientation on Tourism and Local Development

- Mountain tourism what it means to local

community

- Sustainable tourism development

- Working with communities and participatory

approach towards mountain tourism

development

- Tourism asset assessment

- Carrying capacity assessment

- Mobilization of resources

3. Development of Tourism Products and

Infrastructure

- Grounds- Creation of magnets

- Accommodation

- Communication

- Water supply and sanitation

- Garbage and waste

4. Resource and Linkages Creation and Management

- Identification and quantification of

critical resources: human, financial and

Institutional

- Means and tools of resource management

- Institutional linkages

- Sectoral linkages and coordination

- Management of resources and production of

local level

- Fund generation

5. Information inventory

- Tourism assets

- Tourism concerns and ownership

- Socio-economic condition of the area

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- Investment opportunities

- Community's role in tourism development

6. Benefits to Local Community

- Increased per capita expenditure of

tourist

- Development of local products

- Presentation of nature and introducing the

concept of eco-tourism

- Local ownership of production system

- Linkage between tourism and other sectors

- Project definition for resource turnaround

in the area

7. Local Institutions and Participation inDecision Making

- Local development agencies

- NGOs

- CBOs

- Women's voice

8. Planning and Feedback

- Project design

- Project Implementation

- Maintaining- Feedback

- Improvement

Day 109.30 a.m. Introduction of participants10.00 a.m. Role of Programme Planners and

Implementers11.00 a.m. Tea11.15 a.m. Orientation on Tourism and Local

Development questions12:45 p.m. Warm-up ExerciseParticipants are asked to find solution

to a puzzle to demonstrate that problems

can be solved in many ways by moving

outside the mind-set. This will reflect

on all aspects such as negotiating,

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facilitating, overseeing and funding.01.30 p.m. Lunch02.30 p.m. Development of Tourism Products and

Infrastructure questions

04.00 p.m. Tea04.15 p.m. Site Visit06.00 p.m. Tea

Day 209.30 a.m. Warm-up Exercise

Peoples representatives interaction with

people - Debate / Discussion

10.00 a.m. Resource and linkage creation andmanagement questions

11.30 a.m. Tea11.45 a.m. Case Study Presentation - Role Playing

Exercise01.30 p.m. Lunch02.30 p.m. Information Inventory questions04.00 p.m. benefits to Local Communities questions05:30 p.m. Tea06:00 p.m.

Game ExerciseSimulate a game to see the differencebetween people's real expression and

that of the perception of programme

implementor08:00 p.m. DinnerDay 309:30 a.m. Site Visit10:30 a.m. Tea at site12:00 p.m. Local Institutes and Participants in

Discussion meeting questions01:30 p.m. Lunch02:30 p.m. Planning and Feedback questions04:00 p.m. Tea04:15 p.m. Exercise

Working in small groups for problem

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solving on pre-determined issue of

Mountain Tourism Development-Nathiagali05:30 p.m. Tea05:45 p.m. Exercise Continues

Day 409:30 a.m. Tea and preparation for presentation10:30 a.m. Presentation by the groups to policy

makers and communities11:30 a.m. Tea12:00 p.m. Presentation Continues01:30 p.m. Lunch02:30 p.m. Skill Transfer Exercise



put it to use after the workshop04:30 p.m. Tea and disperse

3. Community Workers and Activists

"While we consider when to begin, it becomes too

late"

Latin Proverb.

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Introduction

Community are the main stakeholders. Tourism

development may or may not impact them directly.

Though any investment or development in this area

must benefit them without a doubt, it is a case of

being organised and be aware of the needs, be sure

of what is beneficial to them and what impacts the

development projects have in their

environment/landscape, income, social sector

development and tradition/culture. Training women

groups or activists in management and participantsin dialogues regarding development in their area is

quite essential. In this case it is necessary

first to inform men and raise an awareness among

them of the benefits of involving women. That it

is not anti religion anti culture and neither is it

a threat to the power of men.

In the many investment programmes planned by the

government, the communities are usually absent from

the planning and delivery of service. It is

therefore important for them to have the

opportunity for being the central elements in terms

of beneficiaries. The community requires

technical, management and to some extent financial

support.

Purpose

The workshop aims to inform the community on the

aspects of tourism development and impact on their

environment, economy, and quality of life. It

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shall raise the need for community mobilisation and

participation of in micro-level decision making.

Participation

Community activists, CBOs, women activists.

Workshop to be held in the local environment.

Training Time : 30 hours spread over five days

Venue : Nathiagali


The community will live in their own houses andgather for training every day by 10:00 a.m.

Content Outline

The course will have the following outline.

1. Orientation to Mountain Tourism and Development- Tourist magnets

- Community development's link with Tourism

Development.

- Tourism products

- Resource utilisation

- Role of Institutions

2. Concept Awareness

- Types of effects of tourism

- Eco tourism- Leakages

- Sustainable tourism development

- Community involvement

- Benefits to the area (Transferable and

intangible)

- O&M

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3. Problems Constraints and Issues

- The three tiered culture

- Physical

- Social

- Culture

- Economic

- Technical

- Community and public sector partnership

- Conservation of nature

- Environmental friendly interventions

4. Appreciating Carrying Capacity

- Environment

- Socio-economic- Institutional

- Critical resources : human, financial,

natural

5. Technology and Development

- Social acceptance (attitudinal change)

- Cost evaluation (social, financial,

environmental, long term, short term)

- Local innovations

6. Entrepreneurial Skill Development

- Street smartness

- Investment options

- Product development

- Marketing

7. Community Organisation and Management

- Mobilisation - men & women

- Organisational benefits

- Management tools

- Monitoring and improvement

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Day 110.00 a.m. Introduction of participants

Objective of Training11.00 a.m. Tea11.15 a.m. Orientation on Mountain Tourism and

Development. Questions01.00 p.m. Lunch02.00 p.m. Exercise

Discussion on local problems and release

of pent-up frustrations against

authorities03.00 p.m. Visit to Tourism Site

Day 210.00 a.m. Discussion on field visit11.00 a.m. Tea11.15 a.m. Concept Awareness. Questions01.00 p.m. Lunch02.00 p.m. Problems constraints and issues03.00 p.m. Visit Site

Day 310.00 a.m. Appreciating carrying capacity.

Questions11.00 a.m. Tea11.15 a.m. Working groups seeking responses to

lectures 2 and 3 and the site visits01.00 p.m. Lunch02.00 p.m. Presentation by working groups03.00 p.m. Tea

Day 410.00 a.m. Technology and Development. Questions11.30 a.m. Tea11.45 a.m. Entrepreneur skill development.

Questions

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01.00 p.m. Lunch02.00 p.m. Game Puzzle

Game playing on puzzle of moving around

a maize and overcoming the obstruction

in accomplishing programme to one'sbenefit.03.30 p.m. Tea

Day 510.00 a.m. Community Organisation and Management11.30 a.m. Tea11.45 a.m. Exercise : Role Playing

Two groups - community and Implementers

dialogue.01.00 p.m. Lunch02.00 p.m. Exercise

Identifying projects of benefit to the

area in the context of tourism in

groups. Check for commonalties and then

let the groups reach a consensus on

priorities.03.30 p.m. Tea04:00 p.m. Skill Transfer



put it to use after the workshop.

Note : This would be tried with men and women groups.

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4. VISITORS

The visitors coming to Nathiagali at present, are

limited. The aim is to attract visitors interested

in nature and spending time in the natural

environment while respecting nature.

Participants: Tourists / Visitors

Time:3 hours

1. Information Dissemination about Nathiagali

2. Tourism Assets

3. Respecting the Environment

4. Community and Tourism

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