training method printing (2)

7/30/2019 Training Method Printing (2)

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TRAINING METHODS


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Introduction

A training method is the process of learning the

skills you need to do a particular job or activity. The method by which training is delivered often

varies based on the needs of the company, the

trainee, and on the task being performed.

The method chosen will motivate employees to

learn, help them retain and transfer what they have

learned and enhance performance with other skills

and knowledge.


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Methods of Training

Behavioral

Method

Games &

Simulations

Behavior Modeling

Business Games

Case Studies

Equipment Simulators

Role Plays

On the Job

Training

Coaching

Mentoring

Job Rotation

Job Instruction

Technique (JIT)

Off the Job

Training

Sensitivity

Training

TransactionalAnalysis

Lectures

Simulation

ExercisesCa

se Study

Training &

Development

Management

Development

Cognitive

Method

Lectures

Demonstration

DiscussionsComputer

Based Training

Intelligent Tutorial

System (ITS)

Programmed

Instructions (PI)Virtual Reality


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Lectures

A lecture is the method learners often most

commonly associate with college and secondaryeducation.

In this method, the trainer does all of the talking.

He or she may use handouts, visual aids,question/answer, or posters to support the lecture.

Communication is primarily one-way: from theinstructor to the learner.


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Pros and ConsPros Less time is needed for the trainer to prepare than

other methods.

Quick and simple way to present knowledge to largegroups of trainees

Cons Does not actively involve trainees in training process.

The trainees forget much information if it ispresented only orally.


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Demonstration

Demonstration is very effective for basic skills

training.

The trainer shows trainees how to do something.

The trainer may provide an opportunity for

trainees to perform the task being demonstrated.


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Pros and Cons

Pros Emphasizes the trainee involvement.

Engages several senses: seeing, hearing, feeling,touching.

Cons Requires a great deal of trainer preparation and

planning. Needs to be an adequate space for the training to

take place.

Poor work habits can be learned by the trainee.


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Computer- Based Training (CBT)

CBT is a method in which a trainee learns by

executing special training programs on a

computer relating to his/her job.

Trainee uses interactive computer based systemsto increase his or her knowledge or skills.


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Some CBT Techniques

Intelligent Tutorial System (ITS)

When the CBT system is able to provide some of theprimary characteristics of a human tutor, it referredto an ITS system.

Expert systems are used to run the tutoring aspectof the training, monitor trainee knowledge within aprogrammed knowledge model and provide

adaptive tutoring based on trainee responses.


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Some CBT Techniques Cont.

Computer-based Programmed

Instruction (CPI)

CPI programs consist of text, graphics and

multimedia enhancements that are stored in

memory.

Presents the trainees with information in the

chunk, and then tests them on their retention of the

information.


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Some CBT Techniques Cont.

Virtual Reality

Advanced form of computer simulation, placing thetrainee in a simulated environment that is virtuallythe same as the physical environment.

This simulation is accomplished by the trainee

wearing special equipment such as head gear,gloves and so on, which control what the trainee isable to see, feel and other senses.

The trainee learns by interacting with objects in

the electronic environment to achieve some goal.


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Pros and Cons

Pros Quick and faster

Instructional consistency

Increased retention

Cons

Very expensive


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Simulated Training

Trainees learn on the actual or simulated equipment

they will use in the job, but are actually trained off the

job.

Trainees participate in a reality-based, interactive

activity where they imitate actions required on the job.

It is necessary when it is too costly or dangerous to

train employees on-the-job such as in airplane pilot

training.


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Pros and Cons

Pros Useful technique for skills development.

Training becomes more reality-based.

Directly applies to jobs performed after training.

Cons

Simulations are time-consuming. The trainer must be very skilled and make sure that

trainees practice the skills correctly.

Only perfect practice makes perfect.


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RolePlays

During a role play, the trainees assume roles and act

out situations connected to the learning concepts.

It is good for customer service and sales training.


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Pros and Cons

Pros Trainees can learn possible results of certain

behaviors in a classroom situation. Opportunity to practice people skills.

Possible to experiment with many differentapproaches.

Cons A lot of time is spent making a single point.

Trainers must be skilled and creative.

In some role play situations, only a few people get to

practice while others watch.


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On-the-Job Training (OJT) OJT means having person learn a job by actually doing

it.

It is one of the best training methods because it is

planned, organized, and conducted at the employee's

worksite.


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Pros and Cons (OJT)Pros Cost effective.

Trainees learn while producing. Highly practical and reality-based.

Helps the employee establish important

relationships.

Cons Training is not standardized for employees.

Learningenvironment may not be conducive.

Potential disruption to production.


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Apprenticeship Training

Combination of on-the- job training and related

classroom instruction by which people becomeskilled workers.

Usually consists of full time on the job experience

where trainee learn how to do the job in the real

world.

Trainee will be working with a skilled trainer who

will teach him the skills he need.


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Informal Learning

It happens through processes not structured or sponsored

by an employer.

Informal learning is the term which describes what

happens the rest of the time.

Process by which trainees acquire values, skills and

knowledge from daily experience and the resources in

their environment.

Example: by performing their jobs in collaboration with

their colleagues.


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Programmed Learning

A systematic method for teaching job skills that consists

of three parts:

Presenting questions, facts or problems to the learner

Allowing the person to respond

Providing feedback on the accuracy of answers

Based on the principles of small steps, self-pacing, andimmediate feedback.


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Pros and Cons

Pros

Reduces training time. Facilitates learning.

Provides immediate feedback and reduces thelearners risk of error.

Cons Trainees can easily get side-tracked and may move

slower than the trainer desires.

Difficult to measure the employees progress.


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Job Instruction Training (JIT)

JIT teaches employees how to do their jobscorrectly, safely and with maximum efficiency.

Provide step-by-step training for employees.


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Audio Visual-Based Training Includes DVDs, films, Power Points, audiotapes and

videotapes are widely used.

These techniques are more effective then lectures insituations which are not easily demonstrable in live

lectures, such as open heart surgery, visual tour of a

factory.


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Pros and Cons

Pros

It is easy to provide this training and the trainercan follow-up with questions and discussion.

It is also easy to assure that the same information

is presented to each trainee.

Cons It is expensive to develop.


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Off the Job Training

Taken away from their place of work to

be trained

Pros A wider range of skills or qualifications can be

obtained.

Can learn from outside specialists or experts.

Employees can be more confident when starting job.


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Pros and Cons

Cons

More expensive e.g. transport andaccommodation

Lost working time and potential output from

employee .

New employees may still need some inductiontraining .

Employees now have new skills/qualifications

and may leave for better jobs.


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Distance and Internet-BasedTraining

Distance training includes:

Teletraining Trainer in a central location teaches groups of

employees at remote location via televisionhookups.

Videoconferencing Allows people in one location to communicate live

via a combination of audio and visual equipment

with people in another city or country, or withgroups in several cities.


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Internet-Based Training (IBT)

A planned teaching/learning experience uses

Internet or computer-based, to reach learners.

Many firms use IBT.

They let their employees take online courses

offered by online course providers.


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Pros and Cons

Pros Quick

Inexpensive

Cons Lack of human contact


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Case Study

A description of a real or imagined situation which

contains information that trainees can use toanalyze what has occurred and why.

The trainees recommend solutions based on the

content provided.


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Pros and Cons

Pros

Present a real-life situation. Present a wide variety of skills.

Cons

Difficult to write and time-consuming to discuss. The trainer must be creative and very skilled at

leading discussions, making points, and keeping

trainees on track.


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Choosing Training Method

On the Job Training


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Reasons for ChoosingTraining Method

Identify the type of learning outcome that want

training to influence.

Consider the extent to which the learning method

facilitates learning and transfer of training.

Evaluate the costs related to development and

use of the method.

Consider the effectiveness of the training

method.


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Conclusions

Identified variety of methods that can be utilized

when designing training plans.

Methods are integrally tied to learning objectives.

Understand the strengths and weaknesses

of each method.

Able to analyzed when it is appropriate touse a particular method.

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