TRAINING PROGRAMME

ON

COMMUNICATION

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVE

• By the end of the programme you will be able to understand :

• Communication, its process and types.

• The importance of communication.

• Your role as effective communicators.

• The Relationship of communication with respect to day-to-day functioning and building good inter-personal skills.

• The various barriers to communication and overcome them with respect to building trust, motivating team members, giving and receiving constructive feedback for increasing productivity through effective and assertive communication.

COMMUNICATION

Communication is defined as “the process of the flow

( transmission and reception) of goal – oriented messages

between sources, in a pattern, and through a medium or

media.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Communication is a process.

2. Communication involves transmitting information and understanding it.

3. Communication is goal oriented.

4. Communication requires channel or medium.

5. Communication is multi dimensional.

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

MESSAGE

RECEIPT DECODINGRECE-PTION

TRANS-MISSION

ENCODINGSENDER

RECEIVER

FE

ED

BA

CK

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

1. Verbal and Non – Verbal Communication

2. Formal and Informal Communication

3. Upward, Downward and Horizontal Communication

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Oral Communication

2. Written Communication

NON – VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Body language

2. Kinesics, Proxemics & Paralanguage

3. Intention

4. Manner: directness,sincerity

5 Dress and clothing (style, color, appropriateness for situation)

7. Signs & Symbols.

IMPORTANCE OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• 7 % of communication happens through words

• 93% of communication happens through non-verbal cues of which:

55% through facial expressions 38% through vocal tones

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT BODY LANGUAGE

• It has no words or sentences, but it does send bits of information that combine into messages.

• Those messages, which are sometimes clear and sometimes fuzzy, are mostly about your feelings.

• People can learn to read those messages with a fair degree of accuracy.

• You cannot not have body language- you are sending messages nonverbally all the time. Especially when you are trying not to!

• Your preferred body positions and movements do say something about the kind of person you are.

• If your words say one thing and your body another then people will believe your body, not your words.

• You can change how you’re feeling by consciously changing your body language.

INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT BODY LANGUAGE

TYPES OF NON - VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Kinesics

• Proxemics

• Paralanguage

KINESICS

• Eye contact and facial expressions

• Gestures

• Postures

PROXMICS

Public space Over 12 feet

Social Space 4 to 12 feet

Personal Space 18 inches to 4 feet

Intimate space 0 to 18 inches

PARALANGUAGE

• Cues one can pick up from an individual’s voice:

• Tone

• Rate of speech

• Accent

• Pronunciation

• Not WHAT you say but HOW you say it!!

EXAMPLES OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION

1. Office Order

2. Rules & Regulations

3. Policies

4. Guidelines

5. Work Instruction

TYPES OF INFORMAL COMMUNICATION (Grapevine)

1. Straight Line pattern

2. Informal Star Pattern

3. Probability Pattern

4. Cluster Net Pattern

A DCB

R

Q

P

T

S

AC

B

E

D

H

G

F

A

C

B

DF E

I

H

G

A

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION – DIRECTION WISE

1. Upward Communication

2. Downward Communication

3. Lateral Communication

LOWER MANAAGEMENT

MIDDLE MANAAGEMENT

TOP

MANAAGEMENT

UPWARD

COMMUNICATION

DOWNWARD

COMMUNICATION

MEDIA OF ORGANISATIONAL COMMUNIATION

1. Employee Handbook

2. In House Magazines e.g. “Live Wire”

3. Statement covering Personnel Policies

4. Notice board

5. Information center

BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

Communication Barrier

Psychological& Human Physical Organisational

1. Personal Emotion2. Biases3. Lack of trust4. Premature Evaluation.5. Expert Language 6. Sign & symbols

1. Geographical distance2. Mechanical failure3. Physical obstruction4. Technological malfunction5. Time lag

1. Rules & Regulations2. Policies3. Hierarchy4. Culture

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

• You can have the greatest ideas in the

world, but they are no good to your

company, or your career, if you can’t

express them clearly and persuasively.

OVERCOMING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

• ABC of Constructive Communication

•A Approach

•B Build Bridges

•C ustomize your communication

OVERCOMING

COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

• Approach is the manner of addressing both the person and the subject

• Building Bridges: Respect, Trust, Commonality

• Customize: Seek first to understand, before being understood

7 C’s OF COMMUNICATION

• Credibility• Capability• Content• Context• Channel• Consistency• Clarity

LISTENING

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENING

• Pre-judgement- Listeners who jump to conclusions

• Self-centeredness – Shift attention from speaker to themselves

• Selective Listening – Tune the speaker out• Wandering mind – Your mind processes

information four times faster than rate of speech.

LET THE OTHER PERSON KNOW YOU ARE LISTENING

S: Stand or sit straight, turn your face squarely to the other and smile

O: Have an open body position

L: Lean towards the other person slightly

E: Maintain Eye contact and make Encouraging noises

R: Relax and be comfortable

IMPROVE YOUR LISTENING SKILLS

• Look beyond the speaker’s style

• Fight distractions

• Provide Feedback

• Listen actively

ACTIVE LISTENING

• Listen for concepts, key ideas and facts.

• Be able to distinguish between evidence and argument, idea and example, fact and principle.

• Analyze the key points

• Look for unspoken messages in the speaker’s tone of voice or expressions.

• Keep an open mind.

• Ask questions that clarify.

• Reserve judgment until the speaker has finished

• Take meaningful notes that are brief and to the point

ACTIVE LISTENING

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

1. Johari Window

2. Life Position

JOHARI WINDOW

Open Self ClosedSelf

Blind Self

Known to Self

Not Known to Self

Known to Others

Not Known to Others

Hidden Self

LIFE POSITION

I am OK – You are OK

I am not OK – You are OK

I am OK – You are not OK

I am not OK – You are not OK

CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS HAVING DIFFERENT LIFE POSITIONS

I am OK – You are OK I am OK – You are not OK

1. Normative2. Supportive3. Problem Solving4. Innovative

1. Prescriptive2. Patronising3. Task obsessed

I am not OK –You are OK I am not OK – You are not OK

1. Indifferent2. Ingratiating3. Complaining

1. Traditional2. Overindulgent3. Cynical

CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS HAVING DIFFERENT LIFE POSITIONS