transformational leadership approach aged 3153. be gentle and you can be bold; be frugal and you can...
TRANSCRIPT
Be gentle and you can be bold; be frugal Be gentle and you can be bold; be frugal and you can be liberal; avoid putting and you can be liberal; avoid putting yourself before others and you can yourself before others and you can become a leader among men.become a leader among men.
~ Lao Tzu~ Lao Tzu
OverviewOverview
Transformational leadership approach perspective A model of TL TL factors Full range of leadership model Additive effects of TL Other transformational leadership perspectives How does the transformational approach work?
Transactional vs. TransformingTransactional vs. Transforming
Burns
Occurs when one person takes the initiative in making contact with others for the purpose of an exchange of valued things
Occurs when one or more persons engage
with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality
PseudotransformationalPseudotransformational
Personalized leadership Describes leaders who are transforming,
but in negative ways Leaders who are
self-consumed Exploitive Power oriented Warped moral values
Examples: Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Jim Jones
Transformational Leadership Transformational Leadership Approach DescriptionApproach Description
“New leadership” paradigm – 1980s
Treats followers as complete human beings assessment of motives satisfying their needs
Moves followers to accomplish beyond expectations often incorporates charismatic and visionary
leadership
Transformational Leadership Transformational Leadership Approach DescriptionApproach Description
emotions values ethics standards long-term goals
Leader plays pivotal role in precipitating change
Followers and leaders are bound in the process
Types of Leadership DefinedTypes of Leadership DefinedBurns (1978)Burns (1978)
Attempted to link roles of leadership and followership
Two types of leadership TransformationalTransformational
CharismaCharisma
House - 1976House - 1976 theory of charismatic theory of charismatic
leadershipleadership A special gift select
individuals possess that gives them the capacity to do extraordinary things
Unique personal & behavioral characteristics
Weber - 1947Weber - 1947 CharismaCharisma
personality characteristic gives superhuman/
exceptional powers reserved for a few is of divine origin person treated as a
leader Followers play role in
validating charisma
Model of Transformational LeadershipModel of Transformational LeadershipBass (1985)Bass (1985)
Expanded and refined original version
More attention to followers’ needs
Motivates followers beyond the expected by: raising consciousness transcending self-interest addressing higher-level needs
Incorporates seven factors
Leadership FactorsLeadership Factors
Factor 2InspirationalMotivational
Factor 3Intellectu
alStimulatio
nFactor 4Individualize
dConsideratio
n
TransactionTransactionalal
Factor 5Contingent Reward
ConstructiveTransactions
Factor 6Mgmt. by Exception
Active & PassiveCorrective Transactions
NonleadersNonleadershiphip
Factor 7Laissez-Faire
Nontransactional
TransformationTransformationalal
Factor 1Idealized InfluenceCharisma
Transformational Leadership Transformational Leadership FactorsFactors
1. Individualized Influence Charisma Describes leaders
who act as strong role models for followers
Leader behaviors: increase moral/ ethical
conduct standards
“do the right thing”
provide vision and sense of mission
2. Inspirational Motivation Inspiration Describes leaders
who communicate high expectations
Leader behaviors: use symbols/
emotional appeals to focus group
enhanced team spirit
3. Intellectual Stimulation
Describes leaders stimulate followers to
be creative/ innovative
Leader behaviors: challenge beliefs and
values
supports thinking on own
careful problem solving
4. Indiv. Consideration
Describes leaders provide a supportive
climate
Leader behaviors: coaching & advising
assist individuals in becoming self-actualized
use delegation
Transformational Leadership FactorsTransformational Leadership Factors
Transformational LeadersTransformational Leaders
Leaders who exhibit TL:
have a strong set of values & ideals
are effective in motivating followers to support greater good over self-interest
Transactional Leadership Transactional Leadership FactorsFactors
Management by Exception involves corrective criticism, negative feedback, negative reinforcement
Two forms
watch followers closely identify mistakes/ rule
violations
intervenes only after standards have not been met or problems have arisen
Contingent Reward exchange process
Effort by followers is exchanged for specified rewards
Nonleadership FactorNonleadership Factor
Laissez-FaireThe absence of leadership.
hands-off, let-things-ride approachRefers to a leader who:
abdicates responsibilitydelays decisionsgives no feedbackmakes little effort to help followers
satisfy their needs
Full Range of Leadership ModelFull Range of Leadership Model
Passive
Effective
Ineffective
Active
II
IM
IS
IC
CR
MBE
LF
Additive Effect of TLAdditive Effect of TL
Transformational LeadershipTransformational Leadership
Individualized Influence ++
Inspirational Motivation ++
Intellectual Stimulation ++
IndividualizedConsideration
Contingent Reward++
Management byException
ExpectedOutcomes
PerformanceBeyond
Expectations
Transactional Leadership
Other Transformational Other Transformational PerspectivesPerspectives
• Bennis & Nanus (1985) Four Leader Transformation Strategies
1. Clear vision of organization’s future state• believable future
2. Social architect of organization• shape/form shared meetings
3. Create trust in organization• make position known and stand by it
4. Creatively deploy themselves through positive self-regard• know strengths & weaknesses and emphasizes
strengths
Other Transformational Other Transformational PerspectivesPerspectives
Kouzes and Posner Five fundamental practices
Model the way Inspire a shared vision Challenge the process Enable others to act Encourage the heart
How does the How does the transformational leadership transformational leadership approach work?approach work?
Focus of TLFocus of TL• Describes how leaders can initiate,
develop, and carry out significant changes in organizations
• Focus of Transformational Leaders empower and nurture followers stimulate change by becoming strong role
models for followers create a vision act as change agents are social architects
What are the strengths of What are the strengths of transformational leadership?transformational leadership?
What are the weaknesses of What are the weaknesses of transformational leadership?transformational leadership?
SummarySummary
Describes how leaders can initiate, develop, and carry out significant changes in organizations
Focus of Transformational Leaders empower and nurture followers stimulate change by becoming strong role
models for followers create a vision act as change agents are social architects
SummarySummary
Two types of leadership Transactional Transformational
Treats followers as complete human beings
Moves followers to accomplish beyond expectations often incorporates charismatic and visionary
leadership