transformational safety and health leadership 1 john l. henshaw, mph, cih senior vice president –...
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Transformational Safety and Health
Leadership
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John L. Henshaw, MPH, CIH Senior Vice President – Managing Principal IH and Safety, ChemRisk, LLCFormer Assistant Secretary of Labor for the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) 2001-2004April 28, 2011
Mid-Atlantic Safety and Health Conference
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This year’s theme for the day is “Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Management System: A tool for continual improvement”.
ILO data, an estimated 337 million workplace accidents and 2.3 million deaths occur per year, or some 6,300 deaths every day.
ILO - OSH management systems can make a difference.
World Day for Safety and Health at Work - April 28
OSH Management system: A tool for continual improvement
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• OSHA established on April 28, 1971• OSHA, state partners, employers, safety and health
professionals, unions and advocates • Workplace Fatalities –
• 14,000 in 1970• 4,340 in (2009
• Employment >130M - >7.2M worksites• Rate serious injuries and illnesses
• 11 per 100 workers in 1972 • 3.6 per 100 workers in 2009
• Still 12 workplace fatalities each day• Still 3.3M serious injuries/illnesses each year
65%
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Number of Safety and Health Professionals, 1938-2009
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
AIHA ASSE ACGIH
Year
Me
mb
ers
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1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Total 592 632 816 1331 2277 3271 5329 6058 6239 6596
Outside US 28 28 20 33 127 235 380 415 430 553
500
1500
2500
3500
4500
5500
65006596
553
# P
ract
icin
g C
IHs
Source: ABIH May 2010
Practicing Certified Industrial Hygienist World-Wide and Outside U.S. (via mailing address)
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Four Phases of Safety and Health Improvement
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0123456789
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OS
HA
TIR
Time
SafetyAwareness
Compliance ManagementOwnership
Full EmployeeOwnership
Engagement
Transformational
Transactional
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FatalitiesFatalities
The behavior (actions/no action) of every individual in an organization influences culture
and outcomes
ConditionsEquipment/ Systems
BehaviorsChief Executive Office
Senior ExecutiveManager
SupervisorCo-workerEmployee
Loss TimeLoss Time
RecordableRecordable
First AidFirst Aid
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Transformational Leadership
The fundamental difference between transactional leadership (TAL) and transformational leadership (TFL) is:
• TAL focuses primarily on the work
• TFL focuses on BOTH the work and the worker
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Peter Drucker
“His concepts turned companies away from treating employees as cogs, persuading management to think of workers as assets and partners – which is how the best companies behave today.”
USA Today, 11/06
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Managers vs. Leaders
• Go by the numbers
• Emphasize training
• Speak first, then listen
• Strive for compliance
• Lean on mandates
• Live by measurements
• Focus on activities
• Emphasize education
• Listen first, then speak
• Offer opportunities
• Emphasize expectations
• Don’t measure everything
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Managers… Leaders…
Source: Scott Geller (2005), “People-Based Safety”
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Man
agem
ent L
eadersh
ip
Adapted from Tosti and Jackson, Vanguard Consulting
Organization
Behaviors
Goals Vision / Values
Mfg/Service Engagement
Tasks Practices
Job-focused Employee-
focused
Functional Cultural
Zero Injuries
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“Individuals perform best when they are respected, valued and trusted by someone who genuinely cares for their well-being.”
Heroic Leadership, Chris Lowney
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Transactional Leadership…
• …is not bad leadership, in fact transformational leadership includes the “focus on work” aspect but in addition it focuses also on the worker.
• As with so many leadership characteristics the concept of BALANCE comes into play.
• Transactional leadership will not maximize/optimize the contributions of the work force.
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Transactional vs. Transformational
“Transactional leadership is not concerned with stimulating change in individuals. Instead, it views leadership as a transaction between leader and follower.”
“Transformational leadership is the idea that leaders can help transform organizations, as well as individuals – from one level to another – to produce significant positive change.”
Kenneth Jones, Ph.D.
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Transactional Leaders• A quid pro quo relationship between the worker
and leader• Task oriented
– e.g. regulatory compliance
• Preserves existing culture, conditions and practices– i.e. preserves the status quo
• Likely to focus more on the WORK than the WORKER
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Transformational Leaders• Results in the worker’s values aligning with their
leader’s values• Empowers the worker to engage in the work
process– e.g. go beyond their self interest
• The leader is personally engaged with the worker– i.e. the leader CARES about the worker
• Focuses on both the WORK and the WORKER
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Transformational leadership can impact:
• Safety• Health• Quality• Productivity• Customer satisfaction• Other
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On becoming more transformational
Three overarching attributes:
• Listening – a skill
• Caring – an attitude >> behavior
• Enthusiasm & Passion - observable
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WHY LISTEN?
“Seek first to understand, then to be understood.” (Covey)
• To build relationships• To “make the sale”• To resolve conflicts• To negotiate successfully• To show you care• To build trust/establish credibility
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Transformational Leaders Care
• “People don’t care how much you know, until they know how much you care.”
• Empathy is critical to the caring process.–“Walk a mile in their moccasins.”–“I feel your pain.”
• “You see how they see it, you feel how they feel it.”
Covey
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Leadership
“The hard stuff is easy;
it’s the soft stuff that’s hard.”
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Fred Smith, CEOFederal Express
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P. 28: The five personality traits
P. 43: The four style characteristics
P. 48: The seven leadership best practices
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Characteristics of a
Transformational Leader •Challenging •Engaging • Inspiring • Influencing
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Employee Engagement
=
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Transformational Leadership
in Action
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Best Practices Transformational Safety and Health Leader
1. Vision
2. Credibility3. Action Orientation
4. Collaboration
5. Communication
6. Recognition and Feedback7. Accountability
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Source: Krause, T.R. (2005) “Leading With Safety”
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Vision
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1. Acts in a way that communicates high personal standards in safety
2. Helps employees question and rethink their assumptions about safety
3. Communicates the organizational vision through word and action
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Vision (continued)
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4. Demonstrates willingness to consider and accept new ideas
5. Helps employees consider the impact of their actions on the safety of others, and on the organization’s safety culture
6. Challenges and inspires employees around the safety vision and values
7. Describes a compelling picture of what the future could be
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Collaboration1. Promotes cooperation and collaboration in safety
2. Asks for and encourages input from employees on issues that will effect them
3. Helps employees resolve safety-related problems for themselves
4. Encourages employees to implement their decisions and solutions for improving safety
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Collaboration (continued)
5. Seeks out and listens to diverse points of view
6. Expresses confidence in the ability of employees
7. Supports the decisions that employee make on their own
8. Gains commitment of employees before implementing changes
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“The closest thing to magic in organizational change is getting employees excited about what is going on. And the most effective way to do this is to involve them, to give them actual responsibilities in making the mechanisms and processes work.”
T.R. Krause
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* Feedback and Recognition
1. Publicly recognizes contributions of employees
2. Readily recognizes employees for safety work well done
3. Praises safety efforts more often than criticizes them
4. Gives positive feedback and recognition for good performance
5. Finds ways to celebrate accomplishments in safety
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Safety and Health Leadership - Best Practices Transformational /Transactional
1. Vision
2. Credibility
3. Action Orientation
4. Collaboration
5. Communication
6. Recognition and Feedback
7. Accountability
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Source: Krause, T.R. (2005) “Leading With Safety”
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Leadership is…• Situational• Contextual• Behavioral
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Therefore one can improve one’s ability and impact as a leader.
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High Performance Work SystemEngagement Model
Transactional Transformational
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