transient overvoltages and distance protection: problems and solutions

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Transient Overvoltages and Distance Protection:

Problems and Solutions

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Master of Engineering by Research

Leonardo Torelli

B.Eng. (Hons)

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

RMIT University

November 2010

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Table of Contents

The Author ..........................................................................................................................5

Acknowledgement...............................................................................................................6

Declaration ..........................................................................................................................7

Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................8

Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................10

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................11

2 Neutral Earth Resistor and Transient Overvoltages .....................................................14

2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................14

2.2 Method of Earthing...............................................................................................15

2.3 Review of the Existing Body of Knowledge ........................................................16

2.4 Design of the Experiment ....................................................................................25

2.4.1 The Software Package .................................................................................. 25 2.4.2 The Model .................................................................................................... 26 2.4.3 The experimental design............................................................................... 27 2.4.4 System Configuration ................................................................................... 29 2.4.5 Simulation Characteristics............................................................................ 31 2.4.6 Model Components ...................................................................................... 32

2.5 Simulation Results................................................................................................40

2.5.1 Simulation 1 : Unloaded Line - Fault at the End of the Line ....................... 41 2.5.2 Simulation 2 : Unloaded Line - Fault at the Beginning of the Line ............. 47 2.5.3 Simulation 3 : Capacitor Bank. Fault at the End of the Line....................... 50 2.5.4 Simulation 4 : Capacitor Bank. Fault at the Beginning of the Line ............. 56 2.5.5 Simulation 5 : Light inductive Load. Fault at the End of the Line............... 59 2.5.6 Simulation 6 : Energized 66/22kV Transformer Fault at the 66kV Bus. .... 62 2.5.7 Overvoltages and Traveling Waves.............................................................. 63 2.5.8 Impact of Time of Fault with the Overvoltage ............................................. 68 2.5.9 Overvoltage Response on Phase a ,b and c .................................................. 72 2.5.10 Overvoltage Harmonic Response ................................................................. 76

2.6 Conclusion............................................................................................................78

3 CVT and Transient Overvoltages .................................................................................80

3.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................80

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3.2 The CVT Model ..................................................................................................81

3.3 Simulation Settings...............................................................................................84

3.4 Simulation Results................................................................................................86

3.5 CVT Conclusion.................................................................................................100

4 Distance Protection Scheme .......................................................................................101

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................101

4.2 MHO Characteristics Theory .............................................................................107

5 Transient Overvoltages and Distance Protection: Solutions ......................................111

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................111

5.2 Polarisation Techniques......................................................................................113

5.3 Polarising Techniques ........................................................................................117

5.4 CVT Techniques.................................................................................................119

5.5 Setting Advice ....................................................................................................121

6 Conclusion..................................................................................................................125

6.1 Research Findings ..............................................................................................125

6.2 Areas for Further Investigation...........................................................................127

7 References ..................................................................................................................129

Appendix A .....................................................................................................................133

10th International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection, March

2010, Manchester, UK -Abstract.....................................................................................133

Appendix B .....................................................................................................................134

Overvoltage Study �PSCAD Data ..................................................................................134

Appendix C .....................................................................................................................135

Overvoltage study � Steady State Voltage Data .............................................................135

Appendix D .....................................................................................................................136

Overvoltage Study- PSCAD Model ................................................................................136

Appendix E......................................................................................................................137

Voltage and Current as function of SIR ..........................................................................137

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Appendix F......................................................................................................................138

CVT Study � PSCAD Data .............................................................................................138

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The Author

My name is Leonardo Torelli. I have been working for fourteen years in power

industry. I have worked in Italy in Utilities and in Australia in consulting firms. I am

currently working at Hydro Tasmania Consulting and involved in Protection and

Power System Analysis projects.

It is not a surprise that the topic of this research goes across these two areas of

electrical engineering. The aim of this study was, indeed, proving how important is

the knowledge of power system analysis for Protection Engineers.

As result of this study, I presented a paper at the 10th International Conference on

Developments in Power System Protection, March 2010, Manchester, UK

This research has given me the opportunity to expand my skills, challenging my

knowledge and improved my analytical skills. I am committed to use this

experience at RMIT University as starting point for further studies.

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Acknowledgement

I thank Dr Selva Moorthy for his contribution, support and expert advice during this

study. I have appreciated his sincere interest in my professional development and

support of my personal life. Dr Moorthy�s feedback helped me to stay in line with

my schedule and achieve the completion of this research.

I would like to thank my former and existing colleagues at Hydro Tasmania

Consulting for their encouragement during this journey.

Last, I would like to thank my three beautiful children, my family and friends for

their warm and enthusiastic appreciation of my work.

.

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Declaration

I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that

of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in

part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result

of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the

approved research program; and, any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by

a third party is acknowledged.

��.

Leonardo Torelli

Date

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Abbreviations

The following terms are used in this thesis:

HVDC - High Voltage Direct Current

MHO relay - Distance relay with circular characteristic which passes through

the origin of the R-X plane

NER - Neutral Earth Resistor

NEX - Neutral Earth Reactance

PSCAD-EMTDC - Power system software package

SIR- Source Impedance Ratio

TRV- Transient Recovery Voltage

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Executive Summary

This thesis investigates the relationship between transient overvoltages that follow

a fault and the functionality of the digital distance protection. The study is

conducted in a 66kV subtransmission network with a neutral earth resistor as

method to earth the power system.

The results of this study show that fault current limitation and consequent reduction

of the thermal stress and aging of the equipment are successfully supported by

modern digital distance relays.

This thesis begins by performing an extensive power system analysis on ground

fault transient overvoltages. The study is conducted by using the PSCAD-EMTC

software package. The results of this analysis are discussed to determine the

impact of a disturbed voltage signal fed to the distance relay, with particular

attention to the polarisation and CVT transient mitigation techniques as

implemented by digital distance relays.

Finally, this research provides recommendation for the design of the protection

settings of the distance relay. This thesis supports the implementation of digital

distance protection relays on short lines, lines with ineffective grounding system

and weak impedance source as a valuable alternative solution to the differential

protection scheme.

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1 Introduction

Power systems are designed and operated to supply electrical energy to the

customers in a safe, reliable and economical way. Faults represent one of the main

challenges for the power system. Among all the types of faults, phase to ground

faults represent the majority of the events, with records between 80 to 90 % of all

faults. Ground faults are generated from insulation breakdown, atmospheric

conditions and accidental contacts of birds or branches of trees with power lines.

Therefore, these faults are transitory in nature.

During this post fault initial period, the voltage change dramatically from a pre fault

steady state value to a post fault steady state value. In addition, the voltage signal

is disturbed by higher and lower frequency components. Therefore, transient

overvoltages could affect the accuracy of the protection scheme. At the same time,

the protection scheme should be able to operate in a fast manner to reduce the risk

to personnel, equipment damage, and system stability.

It is evident that achieving a short operating time and high accuracy of the

protection scheme represents a major challenge for protection relay manufacturers

and protection engineers. This research investigated the performance of modern

digital distance relay during the transient overvoltages period which follows a

ground fault.

Initially, this study focused on power system analysis to have a clear understanding

of the transient overvoltage phenomena. The overvoltage study was conducted

using PSCAD-EMTC software package. The investigation was performed by using

the experimental method that involves the scientific manipulation of the variables

involved in the process and the systematic study of the behavior of the system.

The study was conducted on a radial system using a neutral earth resistor, NER,

as a method to earth the 66 kV network. However, the theory and the results

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obtained are largely applicable to higher transmission voltages and in power

systems earthed via a neutral earth reactor, NEX.

Following the transient overvoltages study, the research focused on the

performance of five modern digital distance relays.

In summary, the project objectives are as follow:

Determine the characteristics of transient overvoltages generated by a

phase to ground fault. This work should highlight the main factors that

influence the voltage disturbances

Analyze the characteristics of modern digital distance relays to determine if

the transient overvoltages could affect the accuracy ad operating time of

the protection relay

Establish a method to predict the performance of the distance protection

relay following a phase to ground fault

Elaborate a list of setting advice that could enhance the application of the

distance protection relay in relation to the transient overvoltages

disturbance

This study aimed to validate the existing body of knowledge, highlight new insight

and views and determine new findings.

The research is organised in six Sections:

Section 2 -NER and Overvoltage

Section 3 - NER and Capacitor Voltage Transformers

Section 4- NER and Distance Protection

Section 5- Distance Relay Applications

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In the last part of this study, Section 6, research conclusions and recommendations

for areas of further investigations are also provided.

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2 Neutral Earth Resistor and Transient Overvoltages

2.1 Introduction

This Section investigated the influence of the neutral earth resistor on transient

overvoltages.

The study focused on a 66kV radial overhead subtransmission system.

The expected deliverables of this section are:

Documenting the transient overvoltage phenomena under a series of

system configurations and a set of neutral earth resistor sizes using

PSCAD-EMTC transient software package

Determining whether the neutral earth resistor has particular and/or peculiar

effect on the overvoltage that may be considered in design and planning of

the power system.

The research only focused on the impact of the resistor under ground faults.

Therefore this work did not pursue the study of overvoltages during normal

switching condition and lighting phenomena. The method and the technologies to

control the overvoltage and the impact of the size of the resistor to the overall

insulation coordination were also excluded from this study.

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2.2 Method of Earthing

The earthing of the power system involves the implementation of an electrical

connection between the neutral point and the ground.

Connection of the neutral to the earth can be done in several methods:

Solidly earthing

Neutral earth resistor, NER

Neutral earth reactance, NEX

Compensated earthing

Ungrounded

The type and size of the earthing system will affect the following system

parameters [1-4]:

Fault current

Personnel safety

System Protection

Steady state overvoltage during ground faults

Transient overvoltage during ground faults

Thermal stress on the equipment

Effect on communication circuit

Harmonic current on neutral connection

System stability

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System availability

Operating procedure

Equipment selection

Cost

While the power system is operating in normal condition, the method of earthing is

not relevant. The method and design of the system earthing becomes critical

during a ground fault. In this condition the fault current magnitude and fault

duration will affect critical elements of the power system.

For a 66 kV subtransmission network, system earthing has developed in different

ways in different parts of the world[2]. Generally, English speaking country such as

Australia, England and America prefers solidly earthed or low impedance earthing.

North European Countries, Italy and France have instead a good experience with

compensated earthing using the Petersen Coil at the Substation. High Impedance

grounding or isolated earthing is instead limited to a relatively smaller part of

systems.

It is also noted that the value of the impedance is not consistent among utilities.

Moreover, some utilities use a resistor and others use a reactor. For example, In

Australia, SPAusnet, Ergon and Energex use a reactor. Jemena and many

industrial consumers often prefer a resistor.

2.3 Review of the Existing Body of Knowledge

Overvoltages are a common disturbance in power systems. The increase of the

system voltage can create malfunction, damage of the equipment and

consequently disruption of the service[5].

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Transient overvoltages are produced by sudden changes in the electrical system

as caused by lightning, faults or switching [6]. The method of earthing system does

not have any effect on the system during normal operation [4]. However, during the

transient period the method of earthing has an impact on the system response and

magnitude of the transient overvoltage.

Power demand, power generated and system configuration vary continuously with

time. Therefore the power system always changes from one steady state to

another steady state. In this very short periods current and voltages may reach

dangerous values for the equipment and the insulation of the system.

Overvoltages are often classified according to their duration in two groups [7, 8]:

Temporary Overvoltage above 200 ms

Transient Overvoltage below 200 ms

Alternatively, overvoltages can be classified according to their origin:

External overvoltage caused by atmospheric phenomena as lighting and

electrostatic charges

Internal overvoltage generated within the power systems

This type of disturbances are also classified according to the frequency of the two

major overvoltage components [9]:

Power frequency overvoltage

Natural frequency overvoltage of a short duration superimposed on the

power frequency overvoltage

The sum of the power and natural frequency overvoltage is the voltage recorded in

the field. This voltage is commonly defined as a transient overvoltage.

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The overvoltage component with a power frequency does not theoretically have

any decaying component and it often termed as steady state overvoltage. Instead,

the short duration component usually decays in less than 100 ms. Above all; the

magnitude of the overall overvoltage is of greatest interest for the impact on the

planning, design and financial cost of the power system.

A fault in the power system can be represented and analysed as the closing of a

switch in the electrical system. This change in the power system develops a new

redistribution of stored energy in the system [6]. Phase to ground faults represent

the majority of faults in the power system. These types of faults are produced by

atmospheric condition, mechanical breakdown of the insulation, objects such as

birds or branches or trees in contact with the overhead line and poles or structures.

Recent statistics conducted by protection relay manufacturers found that these

types of faults represent between 80 and 90 % of the faults in a given power

system [3, 4, 10]. A large majority of these faults involving overhead lines also

have transient characteristics and, therefore, self extinguish in a short period of

time.

When a phase to ground fault occurs, an overvoltage can be measured in the

system during the fault itself or after clearing [10]. The maximum transient

overvoltage is obtained by adding the peak of the temporary overvoltage at power

frequency overvoltage at 50Hz sinusoidal pattern to the transient overvoltage

which usually has a higher frequency. This relation is based on the worst case

scenario with the assumptions that the two components will have maximum peak

values at the same time. This is plausible because of the different time frames.

Power frequency peak lasts long in the context of high frequency oscillations.

The magnitude of the power frequency overvoltage is strictly related to the

characteristic parameters of the system. This overvoltage can be calculated using

the symmetrical components theory. Considering some system simplification as

necessary, this engineering technique produces accurate results. The fundamental

frequency voltage, which is also referred to the steady state overvoltage, is absent

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in a solidly earthed system. In an ungrounded system the overvoltage reaches the

maximum value of √3=1.732. In this latter case, the phase to ground voltage is

equal to the phase to phase voltage.

Application of the neutral earth resistor as a method of grounding increases the

fundamental frequency overvoltage from none to a maximum of 1.732 for the

insulated system.

Between these two boundaries of the overvoltage measured in the system, the

institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers established an arbitrary limit of

the overvoltage measured, which is named �effective grounding� [11].

The effective grounding term indicates that, during a ground fault, the voltage on

the healthy phases will not exceed 80 % of the maximum line to line voltage. The

term �effective grounding� is commonly used in the power industry as a point of

reference for the design of the earthing system and sizing of the neutral

impedance. Therefore a power system can be �effectively grounded� or

�ineffectively grounded�. In other words, in a 66kV subtransmission system, the

phase to ground voltage during fault condition will be:

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V Nominal

Vph-ph=66kV

Vph-g = 66kV/√3=38.1 kV

Solidly Grounded System

Vph-g fault= 66/ √3 = 38.1 kV

Effective grounding System

Vph-g fault= 66 * 0.8= 52.8 kV

Ungrounded System

Vph-g fault= 66kV

The main advantage of having an effective grounded system is limiting the

overvoltage magnitude which has a direct impact on the cost of the system. For

instance, the required insulation medium can be reduced with direct benefits to the

cost of the electrical equipment. This advantage is a key factor for the design of

subtransmission and transmission power systems.

The effective grounding system is nowadays considered the best compromise

between reducing the phase to ground fault and keeping the overvoltages at a

reasonable level. Therefore the effective grounding is the preferred solution for the

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higher voltages in countries where the power system is grounded via an

impedance[4] .

How to achieve an effective grounded system? IEEE �Recommended Practice for

Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems� states the required

system conditions:

The system must be� grounded through a sufficient low impedance such

that for all system conditions the ratio of zero sequence reactance to

positive sequence reactance is positive and equal or less than ( X0/X1≤3)

and

the ratio of zero sequence resistance to positive-sequence reactance is

positive and less than 1( R0/X1<1)

These system conditions, if satisfied, maintain the power frequency overvoltage

within 80 % of the nominal voltage (ground reference)

Instead, to limit the natural frequency overvoltage the system conditions are:

3

00

XCR .Total zero sequence resistance less than one third total zero

sequence reactance. This condition requires that the current flowing

through the neutral earth resistor shall be at least 3 times the charging

current per phase of the system[4] Non compliance with this system

condition could lead to dangerous faults with subsequent restrikes and

overvoltages, usually named as arcing faults

020 XR Zero sequence impedance system resistance at least twice the

value of zero sequence reactance. This conditions shows that grounding

the power system through a resistance contains transient overvoltages

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201

0

X

X, which is inherently met in resistance grounding and with delta

star power transformers [12], unless the power system is earthed via a

large reactor

From the system conditions stated above, it can be derived that the size of neutral

earth resistor or neutral earth reactor is not critical by itself for the magnitude of the

overvoltage. The relation with other system parameters determines the magnitude

of the overvoltage. The above conditions also highlights that unplanned increase of

the size of the resistor will increase the value of the overvoltage due to the fault

clearing restrike.

Besides, the system conditions show that the reactance of the overall zero

sequence network shall be inductive and not capacitive.

These system conditions aim to limit transient overvoltages and, at the same time,

reduce the phase to ground fault current between 10 and 25 % of the steady state

fault current [9]. The lower level is dictated by the minimum current requirement for

relay operation. Nowadays with modern digital relays, this requirement could be

reconsidered. The 25 % upper level takes into consideration the resistor cost in

comparison to the reactive option.

Plots of power frequency overvoltage following faults as a function of different

system parameters or system parameters or ratios of system parameters have

been published and are available in the existing literature[9].

Existing studies on overvoltage and impact of the neutral earth resistor on the

measured overvoltages are based on field testing, software simulation and

theoretical analysis.

First researches on transient overvoltages during faults were conducted before the

Second World War. Overvoltages were analytically determined and tested using

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miniature models[9] . Maximum peak voltages were recorded mainly between 3

and 4 pu with 20 % above 4 pu. The researchers also considered current chopping

produced by the circuit breakers and restrike phenomena known as transient

recovery voltage, usually abbreviated as TRV. Overvoltage calculations and tests

using miniature system have also been conducted by other researchers[6, 8].

These papers provide a complete explanation of the maximum overvoltage in

relation to system parameters and formed the basis for future IEEE standards.

Measurements of overvoltages following a fault were performed in the distribution

network in the 10kV Croatian distribution network[13]. The system was earthed

using the NER. Maximum overvoltage factors are below 2 pu and minimum

variations are recorded for different values of the resistor. A transient software

program was used to validate the results.

It is possible to determine the maximum transient overvoltage by applying the RLC

circuit analysis and the use of symmetrical components. [14]. Generalized plots

which took into consideration the damping effect of the resistor were also

produced.

An overall indication of the effect of the resistor is defined by:

020 XR circuit is oscillatory

020 XR critical damped

020 XR over damped

Recent studies usually apply the traveling waves theory. In line with this theory,

modern transient software packages also avoid the use of lumped elements [15].

Lumped elements representation is adequate for steady state analysis but give

inaccurate results in transient studies. In the latter studies, where travel time of the

electromagnetic waves and the energy exchange between capacitance and

inductance must be taken into consideration, traveling waves theory is the most

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accurate method for the computation of the overvoltages along the transmission

line.

Fault generated traveling waves propagates not only on the overhead line to line.

but also line to earth with different propagation parameters [16]. A phase to ground

fault can be represented as disturbance that generates current and voltage

traveling waves on a subtransmission line. At each point of discontinuity the

traveling waves will be refracted and reflected according to the surge impedance

characteristic of the line [17].It is possible to represent the large number of forward

and backwards waves and determine the maximum overvoltage generated as a

function of time by using the Bewley Lattice diagram. However, there are also

some other considerations which must be dealt with which include mutual coupling

with other conductors and wave shape distortion experienced along the

transmission line.

It is important to point out that overvoltage studies and traveling wave application

mainly focus on switching and lightning transients [16]. However, overvoltages

produced by switching episode can be used as a reference for this type of study.

To conclude, what overvoltage magnitude can be developed under a ground fault?

From the existing literature it can be inferred generally that the maximum

overvoltages following a phase to ground fault are below 3 pu [18-20]. Maximum

overvoltage can instead reach 4.1 pu with trapped charges on the line as in the

case of switching a capacitor bank connected on the line [19].

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2.4 Design of the Experiment

2.4.1 The Software Package

Usually, software packages are used to facilitate transient overvoltage studies. In

fact, these investigations involve complex and time consuming computation that

can be achieved with sufficient accuracy with software packages.

PSCAD-EMTDC is a state of the art software package developed using the wave

propagation theory first published by DR Hernmann W Dommel in the transaction

of IEEE Power Apparatus and Systems in 1969. based on this paper another two

transient analysis software packages well known in the industry, EMTP and, later,

the ATP software package [21] were developed.

PSCAD is a very powerful and flexible graphical interface that uses the EMTDC

simulation program. The first version of PSCAD was produced by Denis Woodford

to model and simulate the high voltage DC system in Canada. The software is now

developed and maintained by the Manitoba HVDSC Research Centre and is

continually upgraded to incorporate the latest validated research.

The software allows one to model an electrical circuit, run a simulation, analyze the

results and manage the data information in an efficient way. The software package

is provided with an equipment library, but also allows the creation of new models

and building a personal equipment library. It is used by consulting engineers,

equipment manufacturers and laboratories for planning and design of power

systems.

Typical projects involve transient stability, dynamic stability, relay coordination,

transformer saturation, insulation coordination studies, HVDC studies, harmonic

studies, power electronics studies and optimisation of controller parameters.

Further information is located on the website http://www.pscad.com

http://www.pscad.com

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All PSCAD software editions must be licensed except for the student license. The

student license version, which was used for this research, contains a limitation of

15 electric nodes. However, considering the purpose of this study, PSCAD was still

found suitable. PSCAD-EMTDC was selected for its performance, the graphical

interface and the technical support provided by Application Engineers at Manitoba

HVDC Research Centre.

2.4.2 The Model

The system modeled is a basic radial subtransmission system.

The model contains a 220 kV source, one 220/66 kV transformer and one

overhead line. Although power systems are more complex and contain more

components, the overhead line and the power transformer represent the backbone

of the system and have the major influence in the transient overvoltage. It also

contains the part of the system that is affected by the fault current.

This system reduction is in line with previous studies [22]. This type of

configuration also allows keeping at minimum the required number of nodes and

the use of PSCAD student license version.

The measured overvoltage can be represented as the superposition of the

temporary overvoltage at power frequency and the natural overvoltage component

at higher frequency.

Power Frequency V + Natural Frequency V = Measured Overvoltage

PSCAD software was used to measured the absolute value of the instantaneous

peak of the three phase to ground voltages. Measurement was conducted at the

fault location using the maximum/minimum recorder function offered by PSCAD.

The maximum value of the three phases was selected for the analysis.

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Steady state overvoltage for a given value of the neutral earth resistor was

calculated by applying symmetrical components theory. Factor K2 and K0 were

used to determine fault currents and steady state overvoltages[4].

Z2/Z1 K2

Z0/Z1 K0

Where:

Z1= Positive system impedance

Z2= Negative system impedance

Z0= Zero system impedance

The factor K0 gives us a prompt understanding of the power frequency overvoltage

on the healthy phases during a ground fault.

The factor K2 is assumed to be 1. If the fault occurs close to the generator the

factor K2 may increase to 1.4 [4].

Knowing the steady state overvoltage and the total overvoltage, the transient

component can be calculated with:

Natural Frequency V = Measured Overvoltage - Power Frequency V

2.4.3 The experimental design

The most relevant factors that influence the overvoltage magnitude during phase to

ground faults are as follow:

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Method of earthing

Type of fault

System configuration

Number of earthing points and location in respect to the fault location

Electrical parameters of the equipment

Size of the neutral earth resistor

Location of the fault

Time of the fault applied

Type of subtransmission network as underground cables and overhead

lines have different electrical characteristics

Type of overhead line

Length of the line

Fault impedance

Each variable was analyzed in order to determine the most critical and relevant

factors to be used in this research. In the end, the study was based on the

following five factors:

System configuration

Type of faults

Size of the neutral earth resistor

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Time of the fault

2.4.4 System Configuration

Four system configurations were selected. These configurations were considered

the most likely configurations to produce the highest overvoltages during a ground

fault [5, 14]:

66kV Subtransmission Line T

#1 #2RL

Re

sis

+

Figure 2.1: Overhead line with no load at the end of the line model


#1 #2RL

Re

sis

+ 30 [MVAR]

Figure 2.2: Overhead line with capacitor bank at the end of the line

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#1 #2RL

Re

sis

+ 2.0 [MVAR]

Figure 2.3: Overhead line with light inductive load at the end of the line

#1 #2RL

Resis

+

#1 #2

Figure 2.4: 66/22kV transformer connected directly to the secondary side of the 220/66kV

transformer

Type of faults

Phase to ground fault and phase to phase to ground fault.

Neutral earth resistor

The sizes of the resistor selected cover the entire spectrum between a solidly

earthed system (no resistor installed) and ungrounded system (infinite resistor

installed). 15 resistor sizes were selected. In particular, the data was selected

between K0=0 to K0=10 as the research focused on low resistance grounding.

System response was assumed to be linear between adjacent samples.


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Faults were simulated at the beginning and at the end of line.

Time of fault

Considering the symmetry of the alternating voltage cycle, the samples were

selected only on one half cycle. As one semi cycle at 50Hz takes 10 ms, 21 sample

spaced 0.5 ms apart were selected.

Line length

Line lengths were set to 100, 10 and 0.2 km.

These line lengths are based on the minimum, maximum and typical line length in

the Victorian Network. Typical subtransmission lines vary between 10-20 km in the

urban area around Melbourne and increase to 30-40 km in the country area. In

Victoria the maximum line length is about 80 Km. The line length of 100 km reflects

the need to investigate the system in the worst case scenario.

2.4.5 Simulation Characteristics

In this study no randomization factor is applied as the chance of biasing the results

in a software simulation is considered negligible. Therefore, simulation studies

were conducted in a logical order to maximize the efficiency of the work.

The simulations were conducted using PSCAD multiple run function. This software

tool allows completion of complex studies in an efficient manner by manipulating

variables sequentially and automatically. PSCAD Multiple Run tool can run and

modulate up to six variables.

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Maximum instantaneous voltage peak was recorded for each run and on each

phase. Only the maximum overvoltage among the three phases was selected for

the maximum overvoltage record.

Duration of the run time was set to 0.6 s with fault start at 0.4 s plus selected time

delay. The end time of the fault was 0.1 s with clearing fault at the first zero

crossing intersection of the fault current.

According to the Nyquist_Shannon Sampling Theorem, to avoid aliasing and

incorrect representation of the selected variable, sampling rate should be at least

double of the variable frequency to be represented. PSCAD recommends that 50µs

for the time step of the process and computation would be sufficient. However,

time step resolution was reduced to 20 µs to capture transient components up to

25 kHz [22].

Sampling rate=20 µs

Frequency rate= 1/T=106/20= 50kHz

2.4.6 Model Components

Source

The source represents the power system which is upstream the 220/66 kV power

transformer in the substation. The voltage source selected from the PSCAD library

enabled to specify the positive, negative and zero-sequence impedance.

The impedance value is selected to produce a three fault current of 30 kA on the

220 kV bus at the substation. Positive impedance is equal to negative impedance.

Zero impedance was set to be equal to the positive sequence impedance to allow

for a phase to ground fault level equal to the three phase fault level.

The X/R ratio was set to 10.

33/138

The control system for the output voltage was set using the �Fixed Control� function

offered by PSCAD software package. Through several trial and error experiments

this type of control produced a model behavior very similar to an �infinite bus�. This

setting enhances the robustness of the source model in respect to disturbances on

a lower voltage level. It is assumed that the impact of the overvoltage on the 66 kV

radial line is limited on the higher transmission network.

In summary:

Source Type = Three Phase Voltage-Source Model 3

MVA = 100 MVA

Vph- Vph = 220 kV

Frequency = 50 Hz

Time constant = 0.06 s

Z1=Z2=Z0= 4.23 Ohm

Z1 angle= 84.289 deg

Voltage Fixed Control

Es = 220 kV

Ph = 0.0 deg

Frequency = 50 Hz

Transformer

The two winding 220/66 kV power transformer connects the transmission system to

the subtransmission system.

34/138

Often substation have more than one transformer operating in parallel with the bus

tie on the 220 kV closed and on the 66 kV bus open or closed according to system

requirement, the fault level in the system and the rating of the equipment. To

simplify the study the model represents only one transformer.

Winding connection of the transformer is delta on the HV side and star on the LV

side. Tap changer operation is disabled

The transformer is represented in PSCAD according to the classical approach of

the transformer theory. Magnetising current is represented as well as core

saturation placed on the HV side. In PSCAD the HV side is the closest winding to

the core of the transformer.

Hysteresis losses in the transformer core are included. Copper losses are disabled

to reduce the number of nodes in the system. Considering that a typical X/R for a

power transformer of 100 MVA and 220/66 kV is above 30, this simplification was

considered acceptable.

TRANSFORMER DATA:

3 Phase

2 Winding Transformer

MVA Rating: 100.0 MVA

Freq= 50 Hz,

V ph-ph primary= 220 kV

Vph-ph secondary= 66kV

No Load Losses= 0.01 pu

35/138

Copper Losses=0.0 pu.

Positive Sequence Reactance= 0.15 pu.

Saturation enabled simulated on primary winding

Air core reactance= 0.3 pu

In Rush Decay Time Constant= 0.03 pu.

Knee Point Voltage: 1.25 pu

Time to release Flux Clipping=0.1s

Magnetising Current= 0.02 pu.

Overhead line

In electromagnetic simulation studies there are two main methods to represent

transmission lines[21]:.

Simplified studies generally rely on the PI Section model

Distributed transmission line, which is most suited for transient line response

modeling using a digital computer. This method was used for this study

PSCAD operates applying the traveling wave theory but also implementing mutual

coupling between conductors and wave shape attenuation produced by the

transmission line. Transmission lines under PSCAD transient software packages

are modeled using one of the three traveling wave models:

Bergeron Model

Frequency Dependent Mode Model

36/138

Frequency Dependent Phase Model

The Frequency Dependent Phase Model was selected for this study as is the most

accurate model. This model is a distributed RLC traveling wave model, which

incorporates the frequency dependence of all parameters in the model. This model

is recommended by the PSCAD User�s Guide for this type of study.

The overhead line parameters are based on a typical 66 kV line as represented in

Victoria.

Conductor Data

400 mm2 aluminum

Conductor Resistance= 0.071 Ohm/km

Conductor Geometric Mean Radius 0.00982 m

Capacitor bank

The capacitor bank is implemented in Simulation 3 and 4. The capacitor bank is

connected at the end of the line to produce maximum peak value of the system

response during the transient period. The capacitance value was set under the

assumption that the load on the overhead line is 60 MVA with a power factor of

0.707.

Load Current = S/ ( √ 3 * V ) = 60 *106 / √ 3 * 66000 )= 524.8 A

P = S * PF = 52.42 MW

If PF is 0.707

Power angle á= 45 degrees

37/138

P=Q = 42.42 MVAR

The selected size for the MVAR is set to correct the power factor above 0.95

Q/P= tan ( cos-1 PF ) = tan ( cos-1 0.95 )= 0.3287

Q final= P * 0.3287 = 13.94 MVAR

Q capacitor bank = Q load- Q final = 42.42- 13.94= 28.48 MVAR

The capacitor bank rating is set to 30 MVAR and connected in star to the network.

The star point of the capacitor bank is ungrounded

Light Inductive Load

The rating of the inductive load is 2 MVAR and a resistive load of 0.2 MW. The

load is star connected and is ungrounded.

The load size is designed a very light 66 kV subtransmission load or a substation

at the end of the line with no load and supplying only the substation auxiliary

services.

66/22kV Transformer

Simulation 6 is configured to simulate the 220/66 kV transformer that feeds a 66/22

kV transformer within the substation.

The 66/22 kV transformer rating is 30 MVA. For simplicity the internal parameters

of the transformers are set as the 220/66kV transformer.

38/138

TRANSFORMER DATA:

3 Phase

2 Winding Transformer

MVA Rating: 30 MVA

Freq= 50.0 Hz,

V ph-ph primary=66 kV

Vph-ph secondary= 22 kV

No Load Losses= 0.1 pu

Copper Losses=0.0 pu.

Positive Sequence Reactance= 0.15 pu.

Saturation enabled simulated on primary wounding

Air core reactance= 0.3 pu

In Rush Decay Time Constant= 0.03 pu.

Knee Point Voltage: 1.25 pu

Time to release Flux Clipping=0.1 s

Phase to Ground Fault

PSCAD fault logic enables to specify the type of fault, time of fault and fault

duration.

39/138

Phase to ground and phase to phase to ground the fault were simulated. Current

interruption was simulated at 0 current crossing to avoid any overvoltage related to

magnetic field being trapped in the circuit. This type of overvoltage is usually

referred as � current chopping�[3].

Fault resistance is set to zero to evaluate the impact of the neutral earth resistor by

itself.

In summary:

Fault Type = Phase to ground and phase to phase to ground

Fault start =0.4 s to fault 0.410 s

Fault length =0.1 s

Fault ON resistance = 0.01 ohm

Fault OFF resistance = 106 ohm

Current Chopping limit= 0 kA

40/138

2.5 Simulation Results

Simulation results are organized according to the six system configuration and

related simulations.

Simulation results data is attached in Appendix B.

Each simulation result Section contains two graphs. The first plot summarizes the

main objective of this investigation which is the maximum overvoltage as a function

of the reduced fault current. The fault current was calculated by applying the

symmetrical components theory as illustrated in Appendix B.

The second plot highlights the specific weight of the transitory overvoltage

component in respect to the steady state overvoltage component. Power frequency

overvoltage was subtracted from the measured overvoltage only if the recorded

maximum overvoltage took place during the fault and not at fault clearing. After

fault clearing, the power frequency overvoltage can be considered absent as the

three phases are now connected to a symmetrical voltage source.

Additional investigations were also performed on the following topics:

Overvoltages and traveling waves

Influence of the fault time

Overvoltage response on healthy and faulty phases

Frequency spectrum analysis

41/138

2.5.1 Simulation 1 : Unloaded Line - Fault at the End of the Line

TABLE 2-1 � SIMULATION 1 RESULTS

Line Length= 100km

NER (Ohm)

Max Measured V from PSCAD (kV)

Iph-g with NER/ Iph-g solidly earthed K0

V Meas / Nominal Voltage

Power Frequency V (pu)

Natural Frequency V (pu)

0 126.216 1.000 1.0 2.342 1.002 2.342 5 124.898 0.977 1.1 2.318 1.103 2.318 10 126.607 0.946 1.3 2.349 1.204 2.349 15 128.809 0.909 1.5 2.390 1.296 2.390 20 128.021 0.867 1.8 2.376 1.378 2.376 25 129.201 0.824 2.0 2.398 1.448 2.398 30 131.007 0.782 2.3 2.431 1.507 2.431 35 131.669 0.740 2.6 2.443 1.555 2.443 40 132.052 0.700 2.9 2.450 1.596 2.450 45 132.457 0.663 3.2 2.458 1.629 2.458 50 132.599 0.628 3.6 2.461 1.656 2.461 100 103.588 0.394 6.8 1.922 1.763 1.922 550 112.552 0.082 36.0 2.089 1.757 0.332 1000 122.539 0.045 65.4 2.274 1.747 0.527 1000000 140.632 0.000 65217.4 2.610 1.736 0.873

Line Length=10km 0 90.447 1.000 1.0 1.678 1.006 1.678 5 99.668 0.882 1.7 1.850 1.412 1.850 10 100.711 0.705 3.0 1.869 1.647 1.869 15 99.279 0.561 4.3 1.842 1.745 1.842 20 99.031 0.457 5.7 1.838 1.783 0.054 25 96.724 0.383 7.1 1.795 1.797 -0.003 30 96.071 0.328 8.5 1.783 1.802 -0.019 35 95.465 0.286 9.8 1.772 1.802 -0.030 40 95.437 0.253 11.2 1.771 1.800 -0.029 45 95.512 0.227 12.6 1.772 1.797 -0.025 50 95.526 0.206 14.0 1.773 1.794 -0.021 100 94.901 0.105 27.9 1.761 1.771 -0.010

42/138

NER (Ohm)






550 101.180 0.019 153.0 1.878 1.740 0.137 1000 107.676 0.011 278.1 1.998 1.736 0.262 1000000 120.050 0.000 278041.7 2.228 1.736 0.491

Line Length=0.2km 0 76.644 1.000 0.9 1.422 1.011 1.422 5 86.617 0.806 2.3 1.607 1.358 1.607 10 92.223 0.564 4.4 1.711 1.455 0.257 15 95.204 0.415 6.5 1.767 1.478 0.288 20 96.245 0.324 8.6 1.786 1.822 -0.036 25 96.587 0.264 10.8 1.792 1.817 -0.025 30 96.206 0.223 12.9 1.785 1.810 -0.025 35 96.501 0.192 15.1 1.791 1.804 -0.013 40 96.337 0.169 17.2 1.788 1.798 -0.010 45 96.163 0.151 19.3 1.784 1.792 -0.008 50 95.991 0.136 21.5 1.781 1.788 -0.007 100 94.486 0.068 42.9 1.753 1.763 -0.010 550 96.337 0.012 236.1 1.788 1.738 0.050 1000 102.533 0.007 429.2 1.903 1.735 0.167 1000000 118.593 0.000 429200.4 2.201 1.736 0.464

Configuration 1- Fault at the of the line- No load- Measured Overvoltage

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

Ifault/I ph-g solidly earthed (pu)

Ove

rvo

ltag

e ( p

u)

L=100km

L = 10km

L= 0.2km

Figure 2.5: Configuration 1 Measured overvoltage result

43/138

The maximum overvoltage reaches 2.5 times the value of the normal phase to

earth voltage. Maximum overvoltage below 3.0 pu is in line with existing

literature[6, 20].

The maximum overvoltage was recorded with the longest subtransmission line

which is 100km. This characteristic is common with previous studies[23] and tests

with a miniature circuit. It is also in line with all the other simulations of this study.

The characteristic is due to the larger line capacitance and inductance which are

proportional to the length of the line. As the capacitance increases, the energy

stored in the electric field increases producing more severe transient phenomena

upon a sudden change in the power system.

The simulation results show that the maximum recorded overvoltage plots have a

consistent pattern across the neutral earth resistor spectrum. The increase of the

resistor size slightly increases the measured overvoltage due to the highest

contribution of the power frequency overvoltage.

A high maximum overvoltage is recorded once the resistor size is increased to

reduce the phase to ground fault below 0.1 pu. The high value of transient

overvoltage is due to the effect of transient phenomena after fault clearing, also

called transient restrike, as is also shown in Figure 2.5. As we increase the size of

the resistor and the fault current decreases, the maximum overvoltage is recorded

during the fault. The restrike is due to the excessive increase of the neutral earth

resistor. In other words the ratio R0/Xco becomes well above the recommended

limit of 1/3[9]. This factor was found to be more relevant of the positive damping

provided by the resistor. As per Reference [14] , the increase of the resistor should

damp the transient overvoltage as R0>2ZO

Please also note that the shift of the peak voltage from the fault clearing time to the

fault period takes place first in the shortest line system configuration, then with line

length of 10km and last to the longest subtransmission line. This behavior can be

44/138

explained using the factor K0=Z0/Z1. The implementation of the resistor will

increase Z0. As the neutral impedance has a bigger impact on the factor K0, in the

shortest line the expected steady state overvoltage has a bigger increase

The results show that the maximum overvoltages recorded in the simulation with a

line length of 10km are similar to the results obtained from the simulation with a

line length of 0.2km. This characteristic is recorded throughout the study. We can

explain this characteristic by referring to the overvoltage plots as function of system

parameters of IEEE standards[18]. The different line length does not have a

particular impact on the Xco/X1. For both line lengths, the ratio is larger than 100 .

Beyond this value the expected overvoltage is considered constant.[6].

Xsource= 0.0087 pu

X Tx= 0.15 pu

X line=0.0088 Ohm/km

C= 9.4 nF/Km

Line length 10km

Xc = 1/(2Ð f C )/ 10 = 1/( 2* Ð 50 * 9.4 10-9 )/ 10 = 33879 Ohm

X1= Xsource+ Xtx + X line = 0.0087 + 0.15 + 0.088 ( 10km) = 0.2467 pu

Z base = 484 Ohm

Xc in pu = Xc value/ Z base= 33879/484= 70 pu

Ratio Xco/X1= 70/ 0.2467= 283.7

Line length 0.2km

45/138

Xc = 1/(2Ð f C )/0.2 = 1/( 2* Ð 50 * 9.4 10-9 )/ 0.2 = 1693996 Ohm

X1= Xsource+ Xtx + X line( 0.2km) = 0.0087 + 0.15 + 0.0018 = 0.1605 pu

Z base = 484 Ohm

Xc in pu = Xc value/ Z base= 636/484= 3500 pu

Ratio Xco/X1= 3500/ 0.1605= 21806

Line length 100 km

Xc = 1/(2Ð f C )/0.2 = 1/( 2* Ð 50 * 9.4 10-9 )/ 100 = 3387.9 Ohm

X1= Xsource+ Xtx + X line( 100km) = 0.0087 + 0.15 + 0.88 = 0.1605 pu

Z base = 484 Ohm

Xc in pu = Xc value/ Z base= 3387.9/484= 7 pu

Ratio Xco/X1= 7/ 0.1605= 43.6

The Xco/X1 ratio for line length of 100km is also proved to be below 100.

Therefore, the line will produce a higher overvoltage.

46/138

Configuration 1- Fault at the of the line- No load- Transient Overvoltage Contribution

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvo

ltag

e (

pu

)

L=100kmL = 10km

L= 0.2km

Figure 2.6: Configuration 1 Transient overvoltage component

Figure 2.6 shows the contribution of the transient overvoltage to the maximum

recorded overvoltage.

47/138

2.5.2 Simulation 2 : Unloaded Line - Fault at the Beginning of the Line


Line Length= 100km

NER (Ohm)






0 72.597 1.000 0.9 1.347 1.011 1.347 5 94.147 0.804 2.4 1.747 1.361 1.747 10 99.371 0.561 4.4 1.844 1.456 1.844 15 101.219 0.412 6.6 1.878 1.479 1.878 20 102.529 0.321 8.7 1.903 1.488 1.903 25 103.542 0.262 10.9 1.921 1.817 0.104 30 104.549 0.220 13.1 1.940 1.810 0.130 35 106.192 0.190 15.2 1.971 1.803 0.167 40 107.291 0.167 17.4 1.991 1.797 0.194 45 108.035 0.149 19.6 2.005 1.792 0.213 50 108.486 0.134 21.7 2.013 1.788 0.226 100 111.955 0.068 43.4 2.078 1.763 0.315 550 110.022 0.012 238.7 2.042 1.738 0.304 1000 111.633 0.007 434.0 2.072 1.735 0.336 1000000 111.941 0.000 433986.8 2.077 1.736 0.341

Line Length=10km 0 72.781 1.000 0.9 1.351 1.011 1.351 5 91.485 0.804 2.4 1.698 1.361 1.698 10 97.134 0.561 4.4 1.802 1.456 1.802 15 97.917 0.412 6.6 1.817 1.479 0.338 20 97.710 0.321 8.7 1.813 1.488 0.325 25 97.291 0.262 10.9 1.805 1.817 -0.012 30 96.880 0.220 13.1 1.798 1.810 -0.012 35 96.520 0.190 15.2 1.791 1.803 -0.012 40 96.212 0.167 17.4 1.785 1.797 -0.012 45 95.950 0.149 19.6 1.781 1.792 -0.012 50 95.727 0.134 21.7 1.776 1.788 -0.011 100 94.570 0.068 43.4 1.755 1.763 -0.008

48/138

NER (Ohm)






550 108.220 0.012 238.7 2.008 1.738 0.270 1000 112.946 0.007 434.0 2.096 1.735 0.361 1000000 119.533 0.000 433986.8 2.218 1.736 0.482

Line Length=0.2km 0 67.090 1.000 0.9 1.245 1.011 1.245 5 91.473 0.804 2.4 1.697 1.361 1.697 10 97.117 0.561 4.4 1.802 1.456 0.346 15 97.898 0.412 6.6 1.817 1.479 0.338 20 97.681 0.321 8.7 1.813 1.488 0.325 25 97.272 0.262 10.9 1.805 1.817 -0.012 30 96.861 0.220 13.1 1.797 1.810 -0.013 35 96.501 0.190 15.2 1.791 1.803 -0.013 40 96.193 0.167 17.4 1.785 1.797 -0.012 45 95.931 0.149 19.6 1.780 1.792 -0.012 50 95.708 0.134 21.7 1.776 1.788 -0.012 100 94.570 0.068 43.4 1.755 1.763 -0.008 550 108.314 0.012 238.7 2.010 1.738 0.272 1000 112.946 0.007 434.0 2.096 1.735 0.361 1000000 113.404 0.000 433986.8 2.104 1.736 0.368

Configuration 2- Fault at the bus- No load- Measured Overvoltage

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu) L=100km

L = 10km

L= 0.2km

Figure 2.7- Configuration 2 Measured overvoltage result

49/138

Configuration 2- Fault at the bus- No load- Transient Overvoltage Contribution

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu)

L=100kmL = 10km

L= 0.2km


This simulation has the same system configuration of the first study except the

location of the fault. The results however show that different transmission line

lengths do not produce any particular effect on the maximum overvoltage except to

a slightly lower level of the recorded overvoltage. Lower results of the maximum

overvoltages are due to different effect produced by the traveling waves that

propagates along the subtransmission lines and different impact of the system

conditions.

50/138

2.5.3 Simulation 3 : Capacitor Bank. Fault at the End of the Line


Line Length= 100km

NER (Ohm)






0 187.403 1.000 1.0 3.478 1.002 2.476 5 185.285 0.977 1.1 3.438 1.102 2.336 10 184.351 0.946 1.3 3.421 1.204 2.217 15 184.572 0.909 1.5 3.425 1.296 2.129 20 185.656 0.867 1.8 3.445 1.378 2.067 25 187.384 0.824 2.0 3.477 1.448 2.029 30 189.670 0.782 2.3 3.520 1.507 2.013 35 192.279 0.740 2.6 3.568 1.555 2.013 40 195.097 0.700 2.9 3.620 1.596 2.025 45 199.190 0.663 3.2 3.696 1.629 2.068 50 203.527 0.628 3.6 3.777 1.656 2.121 100 245.786 0.394 6.8 4.561 1.763 2.798 550 406.039 0.082 36.0 7.535 1.757 5.778 1000 453.542 0.045 65.4 8.416 1.747 6.669 1000000 526.382 0.000 65217.4 9.768 1.732 8.036

Line Length=10km 0 110.323 1.000 1.0 2.047 1.006 1.041 5 123.489 0.882 1.7 2.292 1.412 0.879 10 127.826 0.705 3.0 2.372 1.647 0.725 15 128.511 0.561 4.3 2.385 1.745 0.640 20 124.144 0.457 5.7 2.304 1.783 0.521 25 154.689 0.383 7.1 2.871 1.797 1.073 30 160.269 0.328 8.5 2.974 1.802 1.172 35 164.680 0.286 9.8 3.056 1.802 1.254 40 168.268 0.253 11.2 3.123 1.800 1.323 45 171.273 0.227 12.6 3.178 1.797 1.381 50 173.731 0.206 14.0 3.224 1.794 1.430 100 186.406 0.105 27.9 3.459 1.771 1.688

51/138

NER (Ohm)






550 198.797 0.019 153.0 3.689 1.740 1.949 1000 200.148 0.011 278.1 3.714 1.736 1.978 1000000 182.224 0.000 278041.7 3.381 1.736 1.645

Line Length=0.2km 0 109.095 1.000 0.9 2.024 1.011 1.014 5 135.208 0.806 2.3 2.509 1.358 1.151 10 135.715 0.564 4.4 2.518 1.455 1.064 15 127.208 0.415 6.5 2.361 1.478 0.882 20 148.710 0.324 8.6 2.760 1.822 0.937 25 152.521 0.264 10.8 2.830 1.817 1.013 30 162.300 0.223 12.9 3.012 1.810 1.202 35 166.755 0.192 15.1 3.094 1.804 1.291 40 170.288 0.169 17.2 3.160 1.798 1.362 45 173.169 0.151 19.3 3.213 1.792 1.421 50 175.588 0.136 21.5 3.258 1.788 1.471 100 188.724 0.068 42.9 3.502 1.763 1.739 550 200.208 0.012 236.1 3.715 1.738 1.977 1000 201.435 0.007 429.2 3.738 1.735 2.003 1000000 203.044 0.000 429200.4 3.768 1.736 2.031

Configuration 3- Fault at the end of the line- Cap Bank connected at the end of the line- Measured Overvoltage

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvol

tage

( pu

)

L=100km

L = 10km

L= 0.2km


52/138

Configuration 3- Fault at the end of the line- Cap Bank connected at the end of the line- Transient Overvoltage Contribution

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0Ifault/I ph-g solidly earthed (pu)

Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu)

L=100kmL = 10km

L= 0.2km


The dangerous effects of capacitor switching are well known in the engineering

field [23]. The results obtained with this simulation show that, following a fault in the

network with no or small loads and a capacitor bank connected to the grid

represent a danger to the insulation of the power system.

The overvoltages measured in this simulation are the highest of the entire study

reported here. The results are in line with previous studies [5, 14] except for

results obtained with line length of 100 km . This is due to the combination of the

following system parameters:

Length of the line

NER size

These parameters affect the 3

00

XCR transient overvoltages condition. If this

condition is not met, dangerous fault restrikes are generated [9]. Is it worth noting

that field experience of arcing ground fault above 7 pu are quite rare as the

insulation of the power system usually breaks down between 6 to 7 pu [9]

53/138

Line length impact is shown in Figure 2.9 and 2.10. Instead, to review the impact of

the NER size further simulations were performed. Four snapshots with a NER of

10, 100, 1000 and 1000000 Ohm were taken as shown in Figures 2.11 to 2.14.

-80 -60 -40 -20

0 20 40 60 80

100

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

Figure 2.11: Configuration 3 Transient overvoltage Snapshot with NER of 10 Ohms

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

Voltage (kV)Vs Figure 2.12: Configuration 4 Transient overvoltage Snapshot with NER of 100 Ohms -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 Voltage (kV)Vs Figure 2.13: Configuration 3 Transient overvoltage Snapshot with NER of 1000 Ohms

54/138

Figure 2.14: Configuration 3 Transient overvoltage Snapshot with NER of 1000000 Ohms

The graphs show that the increase of the resistor will increase the transient

overvoltages.

The dangerous transient overvoltages are also due to the conservative approach in

selecting the size of the capacitor bank. A further simulation is conducted to

validate this theory. A smaller capacitor bank of 15 MVA was used for the analysis.

Configuration 3- Line Length 100km- Comparison between 30MVAR and 15MVAR Capacitor Bank Results- Measured Overvoltage

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvol

tage

( pu

)

15MVAR

30MVAR

Figure 2.15: Configuration 3 30 and 15 MVAR Cap bank overvoltage comparison

55/138

The system response with a smaller capacitor gives a result which is acceptable

and in line with previous studies [5, 19]. Maximum overvoltage with the insulated

system is 4.1 pu.

56/138

2.5.4 Simulation 4 : Capacitor Bank. Fault at the Beginning of the Line


Line Length= 100km

NER (Ohm)






0 73.660 1.000 0.9 1.367 1.011 1.367 5 102.229 0.804 2.4 1.897 1.361 1.897 10 110.677 0.561 4.4 2.054 1.456 2.054 15 120.455 0.412 6.6 2.235 1.479 2.235 20 139.620 0.321 8.7 2.591 1.488 2.591 25 156.662 0.262 10.9 2.907 1.817 2.907 30 171.647 0.220 13.1 3.185 1.810 3.185 35 185.697 0.190 15.2 3.446 1.803 3.446 40 198.103 0.167 17.4 3.676 1.797 3.676 45 209.035 0.149 19.6 3.879 1.792 3.879 50 219.140 0.134 21.7 4.067 1.788 4.067 100 282.383 0.068 43.4 5.240 1.763 5.240 550 373.638 0.012 238.7 6.934 1.738 6.934 1000 431.569 0.007 434.0 8.009 1.735 8.009 1000000 553.568 0.000 433986.8 10.272 1.736 10.272

Line Length=10km 0 73.885 1.000 0.9 1.371 1.011 0.360 5 104.589 0.804 2.4 1.941 1.361 0.580 10 115.953 0.561 4.4 2.152 1.456 0.696 15 126.137 0.412 6.6 2.341 1.479 0.862 20 129.761 0.321 8.7 2.408 1.488 0.920 25 140.232 0.262 10.9 2.602 1.817 0.785 30 143.196 0.220 13.1 2.657 1.810 0.847 35 147.174 0.190 15.2 2.731 1.803 0.928 40 151.560 0.167 17.4 2.812 1.797 1.015 45 155.590 0.149 19.6 2.887 1.792 1.095 50 158.744 0.134 21.7 2.946 1.788 1.158 100 173.853 0.068 43.4 3.226 1.763 1.463 550 185.633 0.012 238.7 3.445 1.738 1.707

57/138

NER (Ohm)






1000 187.731 0.007 434.0 3.484 1.735 1.748 1000000 200.403 0.000 433986.8 3.719 1.736 1.982

Line Length=0.2km 0 90.349 1.000 0.9 1.677 1.011 0.666 5 110.113 0.804 2.4 2.043 1.361 0.683 10 125.484 0.561 4.4 2.329 1.456 0.873 15 142.000 0.412 6.6 2.635 1.479 1.156 20 149.540 0.321 8.7 2.775 1.488 1.287 25 152.234 0.262 10.9 2.825 1.817 1.008 30 157.592 0.220 13.1 2.924 1.810 1.114 35 160.073 0.190 15.2 2.970 1.803 1.167 40 161.970 0.167 17.4 3.006 1.797 1.208 45 163.420 0.149 19.6 3.033 1.792 1.240 50 165.426 0.134 21.7 3.070 1.788 1.282 100 173.384 0.068 43.4 3.217 1.763 1.454 550 178.234 0.012 238.7 3.307 1.738 1.569 1000 188.233 0.007 434.0 3.493 1.735 1.758 1000000 200.173 0.000 433986.8 3.715 1.736 1.978

Configuration 4- Fault at the bus- Cap Bank at the end of the line- Measured Overvoltage

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvo

ltag

e (

pu

)

L=100km

L = 10km

L= 0.2km


58/138

Configuration 4- Fault at the bus- Cap Bank at the end of the line- Transient Overvoltage Contribution

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvol

tage

( pu

)

L=100km

L = 10km

L= 0.2km


This simulation uses the same system configuration of Simulation 3 except for the

location of the fault. Measured overvoltage shows that these results are similar to

the results obtained from Simulation 3.

Maximum overvoltages are recorded with the transmission line of 100km and after

fault clearing.

As discussed in Simulation 2, location of the fault in proximity of the neutral earth

resistor decreases the value of the maximum overvoltages.

59/138

2.5.5 Simulation 5 : Light inductive Load. Fault at the End of the Line.


Line Length= 100km

NER (Ohm)






0 123.996 1.000 1.0 2.301 1.002 2.301 5 121.497 0.977 1.1 2.255 1.102 2.255 10 127.242 0.946 1.3 2.361 1.204 2.361 15 124.414 0.909 1.5 2.309 1.296 2.309 20 125.584 0.867 1.8 2.330 1.378 2.330 25 126.472 0.824 2.0 2.347 1.448 2.347 30 127.242 0.782 2.3 2.361 1.507 2.361 35 127.753 0.740 2.6 2.371 1.555 2.371 40 128.210 0.700 2.9 2.379 1.596 2.379 45 128.382 0.663 3.2 2.382 1.629 2.382 50 128.563 0.628 3.6 2.386 1.656 2.386 100 125.448 0.394 6.8 2.328 1.763 2.328 550 106.256 0.082 36.0 1.972 1.757 0.215 1000 114.514 0.045 65.4 2.125 1.747 0.378 1000000 131.252 0.000 65217.4 2.436 1.732 0.704

Line Length=10km 0 89.031 1.000 1.0 1.652 1.006 1.652 5 98.999 0.882 1.7 1.837 1.412 1.837 10 99.542 0.705 3.0 1.847 1.647 1.847 15 98.172 0.561 4.3 1.822 1.745 1.822 20 97.019 0.457 5.7 1.800 1.783 0.017 25 95.755 0.383 7.1 1.777 1.797 -0.021 30 95.531 0.328 8.5 1.773 1.802 -0.029 35 95.024 0.286 9.8 1.763 1.802 -0.038 40 94.367 0.253 11.2 1.751 1.800 -0.049 45 94.358 0.227 12.6 1.751 1.797 -0.046 50 94.180 0.206 14.0 1.748 1.794 -0.046 100 93.855 0.105 27.9 1.742 1.771 -0.029

60/138

550 99.236 0.019 153.0 1.841 1.740 0.101

NER (Ohm)






1000 109.857 0.011 278.1 2.039 1.736 0.302 1000000 241.638 0.000 278041.7 4.484 1.736 2.748

Line Length=0.2km 0 74.717 1.000 0.9 1.387 1.011 1.387 5 85.939 0.806 2.3 1.595 1.358 1.595 10 91.418 0.564 4.4 1.696 1.455 0.242 15 94.402 0.415 6.5 1.752 1.478 0.273 20 95.404 0.324 8.6 1.770 1.822 -0.052 25 95.743 0.264 10.8 1.777 1.817 -0.040 30 95.531 0.223 12.9 1.773 1.810 -0.037 35 95.640 0.192 15.1 1.775 1.804 -0.029 40 95.477 0.169 17.2 1.772 1.798 -0.026 45 95.301 0.151 19.3 1.768 1.792 -0.024 50 95.131 0.136 21.5 1.765 1.788 -0.022 100 94.017 0.068 42.9 1.745 1.763 -0.019 550 97.021 0.012 236.1 1.800 1.738 0.062 1000 107.684 0.007 429.2 1.998 1.735 0.263 1000000 126.718 0.000 429200.4 2.351 1.736 0.615

Configuration 5- Fault at the of end the line- Inductive Load connected at the end of the line- Measured Overvoltage

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu) L=100km

L = 10km

L= 0.2km


61/138

Configuration 5- Fault at the end of the line- Inductive Load connected at the end of the line- Transient Overvoltage Contribution

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu)

L=100km

L = 10km

L= 0.2km


Maximum overvoltages recorded are similar to the results from Simulation 1. It is

likely that this inductive load was not large enough to produce any relevant impact

on the overvoltages. Therefore, not further analysis was conducted using the

results of this system configuration.

62/138

2.5.6 Simulation 6 : Energized 66/22kV Transformer Fault at the 66kV

Bus.


NER (Ohm)






0 54.929 1.000 0.9 1.017 1.011 0.006 5 91.224 0.804 2.4 1.692 1.361 0.331 10 96.846 0.561 4.4 1.792 1.456 0.336 15 97.661 0.412 6.6 1.812 1.479 0.333 20 97.464 0.321 8.7 1.806 1.488 0.318 25 97.053 0.262 10.9 1.800 1.817 -0.017 30 96.646 0.220 13.1 1.793 1.810 -0.017 35 96.287 0.190 15.2 1.788 1.804 -0.016 40 95.982 0.167 17.4 1.786 1.798 -0.012 45 95.721 0.149 19.6 1.776 1.792 -0.016 50 95.499 0.134 21.7 1.772 1.788 -0.016 100 94.343 0.068 43.4 1.763 1.763 0.000 550 93.211 0.012 238.7 1.729 1.738 -0.009 1000 93.089 0.007 434.0 1.727 1.735 -0.008 1000000 92.838 0.000 433986.8 1.723 1.732 -0.009

Configuration 6- Fault at the bus- Tx 30 MVA delta/star at the bus- Measured Overvoltage

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu)


63/138

Configuration 6- Fault at the bus- Tx 30 MVA at the bus- Transient Overvoltage Contribution

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0


Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu)

Figure 2.21: Configuration 6- Transient overvoltage result

Overvoltages recorded in this study are relatively lower than in the other

simulations. Maximum overvoltage reaches a maximum of 1.8pu as phase to

ground fault decreases below 0.6 pu.

Please note that the transient overvoltage component disappears as the phase to

ground fault decreases below 0. 25 pu. Therefore, for high resistor values the

overvoltages are only produced by the power frequency voltage.

No further analysis was conducted using the data from this simulation

2.5.7 Overvoltages and Traveling Waves

This section documents the propagation of the voltage traveling waves along the

transmission line. A series of snapshots are presented to describe the behavior of

the overvoltages using the data from Simulation 1 � No load at the end of the line-

and with the line length of 100 km

64/138

Bus Current,Bus Voltage : Graphs

Time ... 0.3850 0.3900 0.3950 0.4000 0.4050 0.4100 0.4150 0.4200 0.4250 0.4300 ... ... ...

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

Cur

rent

(kA

)

Is

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20

0 20 40 60 80

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

Figure 2.22: Configuration 1 - Maximum Overvoltage - Phase to Ground Fault � NER 0 Ohm

Snapshots were recorded at fault inception and fault clearing time. The graph also

shows that the transient overvoltage at higher frequency is superimposed on a

lower frequency overvoltage. The overvoltage has a period of 0.7 ms which is

equivalent to a frequency of 1400 Hz. The high frequency component decays in

approximately 10ms.

Traveling waves are triggered at the same time on both healthy phases and travel

on the conductors. The steps pattern of the transient overvoltage is the effect of the

traveling waves that reflect back and forward between the two ends of the line.

65/138


Time ... 0.5050 0.5075 0.5100 0.5125 0.5150 0.5175 0.5200 0.5225 0.5250 0.5275 ... ... ...

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

Cur

rent

(kA

)

Is

-100 -75 -50 -25

0 25 50 75

100 125

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

Figure 2.23: Configuration 1- Snapshot of after clearing overvoltage- Phase to Ground Fault � NER

0 Ohm

Transient overvoltage superimposed on the power frequency voltage has a

frequency of 590 Hz. Maximum overvoltage appears on the phase which has the

highest voltage at the clearing time. The overvoltage is produced by the energy

stored in the electric field of the capacitance that will discharge at fault clearing

time.

66/138


Time ... 0.490 0.500 0.510 0.520 0.530 0.540 0.550 ... ... ...

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

Cur

rent

(kA

)

Is

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

Figure 2.24: Configuration 1- Snapshot of Maximum Overvoltage- Phase to Phase to Ground Fault

� NER 0 Ohm

In the phase to phase ground fault the maximum overvoltage is recorded at the

fault clearing time. Frequency of the superimposed transient overvoltage is 590 Hz

as in the phase to ground faults. The overvoltages on each phase have the same

frequency. This transient overvoltage decays after 30ms.

67/138


Time ... 0.3950 0.4000 0.4050 0.4100 0.4150 0.4200 0.4250 0.4300 ... ... ...

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00 0.20

0.40

0.60 0.80

Cur

rent

(kA

)

Is

-100 -75

-50

-25 0

25

50

75 100

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

Figure 2.25: Configuration 1- Snapshot of Maximum Overvoltage- Phase to Ground Fault � NER 50

Ohm


Time ... 0.5025 0.5050 0.5075 0.5100 0.5125 0.5150 0.5175 0.5200 0.5225 ... ... ...

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

Cur

rent

(kA

)

Is

-100 -75 -50 -25

0 25 50 75

100 125

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

Figure 2.26: Configuration 1- Snapshot of Maximum Overvoltage- Phase to Phase to Ground Fault

� NER 50 Ohm

68/138

As the NER approaches 50 Ohm, the pattern of the plots remains similar to plots

with NER equal to 0 Ohm. Overvoltage frequencies are 590 Hz in all three phases.


Time ... 0.4000 0.4050 0.4100 0.4150 0.4200 0.4250 ... ... ...

-0.100

-0.050

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

Cur

rent

(kA

)

Is

-125 -100 -75 -50 -25

0 25 50 75

100

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

Figure 2.27: Configuration 1- Snapshot of Maximum Overvoltage- Phase to Ground Fault � NER

1000 Ohm

The large size of the resistor now makes the phase to ground fault as the most

prominent overvoltage. Traveling waves are visible in the current and voltage plots.

2.5.8 Impact of Time of Fault with the Overvoltage

This investigation highlights the relation between the time of fault and the

amplitude of the measured overvoltage. Plots are divided into phase to ground fault

and phase to phase to ground fault.

69/138

Simulation 1- Measured Overvoltage Ph-g fault- All Data Plot

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Sample

Ove

rvolta

ge

L=100kmL=10kmL=0.2km

Solidly Earthed System Insulated

System

Figure 2.28: Configuration 1- All Data Plot

Simulation 2- Measured Overvoltage Ph-g Fault- All Data Plot

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Sample

Ove

rvolta

ge



System

Figure 2.29: Configuration 2 All Data Plot


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Sample

Ove

rvolta

ge



System

Figure 2.30: Configuration 3 All data plot

70/138


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Sample

Ove

rvolta

ge L=100km

L=10kmL=0.2km


System

Figure 2.31: Configuration 4- All data plot

Simulation 1- Measured Overvoltage Ph-Ph-G Fault- All Data Plot

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Overvo

ltag

e (pu)

Series1

Series2

Series3Solidly Earthed System

Insulated System



0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Overvo

ltag

e (pu)

L=100km

L=10km

L=0.2kmSolidly Earthed System

Insulated System


71/138


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (pu)

L=100km

L=10km


Insulated System



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (p

u)

L=100km

L=10km


Insulated System


These graphs are produced by using the maximum overvoltage recorded on each

simulation. It is reminded that 11 simulations were performed for each NER size

configuration. Besides, 1 ms additional delay time was applied on each simulation.

Points were plotted sequentially, starting on the simulation with a NER of 0 Ohm to

the maximum value of the NER, which corresponds to the insulated system.

In these eight plots, Figure 2.28 to Figure 2.35, it is possible to recognize the 15

peaks related to the 15 resistor sizes used in the simulations.

72/138

Phase to ground faults for transmission line of 10 and 0.1km showed a smoother

pattern with lower peak values. Only in Simulation 2 there is an irregularity in the

maximum overvoltage. Overall, the maximum overvoltage in the phase to ground

fault is therefore less dependent on the time of fault.

Phase to ground fault maximum overvoltages show a similar pattern across the

three different subtransmission line lengths. Maximum overvoltages appear only for

a brief period of time and at the same time in all the three line lengths.

The 8 plots also show similar results for simulations conducted with

subtransmission line of 10km and 0.1km.

These graphs confirm that time of fault is relevant in determining the maximum

overvoltage during phase to phase to ground faults.

2.5.9 Overvoltage Response on Phase a ,b and c

The section investigates the relationship between faults and different overvoltage

responses on each phase.

This study was conducted only for subtransmission line of 100km in the simulation

1, 2, 3 and 4. Graphs are divided in phase to ground faults and phase to phase to

ground faults.

On PSCAD software package phase to ground fault takes place on phase a and

phase to phase to ground fault takes place on phases a and b.

73/138

Simulation 1-Measured OvervoltagePhase Comparison-Phase to Ground Fault- L=100km

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (pu)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase c

Solidly Earthed System

Insulated System

Figure 2.36: Configuration 1 Phase comparison


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Overvoltag

e (pu)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase c


Insulated System



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (p

u)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase c


Insulated System


74/138


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (pu)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase c


Insulated System


Simulation 1-Measured OvervoltagePhase Comparison-Phase to Phase to Ground Fault- L=100km

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (pu)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase c


Insulated System



0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Overvoltag

e (pu)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase c


Insulated System


75/138


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (pu)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase c


Insulated System



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Simulation

Ove

rvoltag

e (pu)

Phase a

Phase b

Phase cSolidly Earthed System

Insulated System


This investigation shows that maximum overvoltage can be recorded in the healthy

phases as well as in the faulty phases following fault clearing. In this case the

impact of the power frequency overvoltage is null. This characteristic is particularly

defined on phase to phase to ground faults at clearing time and for both types of

faults for Simulation 3 and 4, where the capacitor bank is connected.

In each phase the overvoltage pattern is same for all resistor values. Constant

overvoltages are broken by regular small �bumps� at the time where the voltage on

the related phases have the highest magnitude at fault clearing or fault inception.

76/138

As noted in Section 2.4.9, the plots for the phase to phase to ground faults show

that the time of fault is a key element to determine in which phase the maximum

overvoltage is recorded.

2.5.10 Overvoltage Harmonic Response

A further analysis was conducted on the frequency spectrum of the transient

overvoltage. The study was done using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) function,

which determine the harmonic magnitude and phase of the input signal as a

function of time[21].

Base frequency was set to 12.5 Hz to detect noise elements lower than power

frequency voltage.

Here below few snapshots of the healthy and faulty phases for a phase to ground

fault following a fault are provided. Snapshots were captured after 10 ms fault

injection.

Referring to the graphs left hand side spectrum refers to 12.5 Hz component and

right hand side spectrum refers to 322.5 HZ noise element. The number in the plot

frame refers to the voltage magnitude in the first frequency band, 12.5 Hz.

Ea60.0

0.0

[1] 1.79434

Figure 2.44: Configuration 1 Harmonic analysis NER 0 ohms �after 10ms

77/138

Ea60.0

0.0

[1] 3.50508


Ea60.0

0.0

[1] 6.13753


From the graphs we can observe that voltage noise appears at frequencies higher

and lower values in respect of the power frequency voltage The major components

are in the band close to 50 Hz. Components with lower magnitude, less than 3 %

of nominal voltage, are visible on high frequency up to 300 Hz.

The harmonics were recorded on the healthy phase. The graphs show that the

noise is not limited to odd harmonics. Therefore, filtering this natural frequency

component could be problematic and slow down the information process of the

digital relays.

78/138

2.6 Conclusion

1. Results obtained from this study are in line with the existing literature and

previous studies in this field. Maximum overvoltages are below 2.5 pu for a

ground fault in an unloaded subtransmission line and below 4 pu in an

unloaded line with a capacitor bank connected at the end of the line

2. Maximum overvoltage is influenced by the power system parameters. The

size of the neutral earth resistor itself does not give a clear indication of the

system response and expected maximum overvoltage during a ground fault

3. Increasing the size of the neutral earth resistor controls the maximum

overvoltage on unloaded line as the resistor has a positive impact in limiting

the natural frequency overvoltage until the fault current is equal to 10 % of

the fault current with a solidly earthed system

4. The limitation of the transitory overvoltage component is strictly connected

to the increase of the ratio R0/X0 until the R0<1/3 Xc0 factor and

subsequent fault clearing restrike takes place. Therefore, to design a high

impedance grounding , a transient recovery voltage study, TRV, should be

conducted to safely determine the magnitude of the resistor

5. The positive effect of the neutral earth resistor is negligible if a capacitor

bank is connected to an unloaded line. In this event, further increase of the

resistor could generate dangerous overvoltages

6. Phase to ground faults generally produce higher overvoltage than the

overvoltage response for phase to phase to ground faults for high value of

neutral earth resistor are in the higher end of the of the value considered

7. There is a clear connection between line length and maximum overvoltage.

Line length increases transient overvoltages. Requirement for system

79/138

analysis and related transient studies should be carefully considered for

long subtransmission lines as is usually done for transmission lines

8. There is also a consistent similarity of results for line length of 10km and

0.2km. This characteristic should be taken into consideration to optimize the

work during planning and design activities for short and medium length

subtransmission lines

9. Transient overvoltages appear in the faulty and healthy phases. There is a

relation between time of fault and location where the maximum overvoltages

takes place

10. There is not a strong relation between the time of fault and the magnitude of

the maximum overvoltage during phase to ground faults. Relation between

the magnitude of the maximum overvoltage and the time of fault is only

relevant on the phase to phase to ground faults

11. Considering the overvoltage component at higher frequency, this study

shows that beyond the debate of effective or non effective grounding, design

of the neutral earth resistors could safely aim to limit the ground fault current

to 0.1pu of the fault current in a solidly earthed system without

compromising the insulation level of the system

80/138

3 CVT and Transient Overvoltages

3.1 Overview

Capacitive voltage transformer, CVT, represents the most common method of

voltage source for the impedance protection relays installed for transmission and

subtransmission power systems.

Until few years ago the use of the CVT was limited to extra high voltage system. In

recent years the use of the CVT has become more popular even for application

with nominal voltage down to 33kV (as applied by Energex and Ergon in

Queensland) due the lower capital cost compared to the traditional voltage

transformer, VT. CVTs also offer the advantage to couple power line carrier to

inject teleprotection signals between substations.

During a fault, ideally, the low voltage source provided by the CVT should be an

exact copy of the primary voltage. Unfortunately this is not the reality. CVT

contains a large number of stored energy components which must charge and

discharge during voltage changes [24-29]. The transfer of energy between

capacitances and inductances within the CVT requires some time to take place.

Therefore, the CVT introduces some transients that affect the magnitude and

shape of the voltage signal.

CVT creates some problems to the distance relays especially during faults that

severely depress the voltage at the relay location. Faults located at the beginning

of the protected line can bring the voltage down to few percents of the nominal

voltage and this could affect accuracy and operating time of the relay.

This section aims to investigate the CVT transient response during phase to

ground fault and the impact that this disturbance can have on the distance relay.

81/138

3.2 The CVT Model

Introduction

The main component of the CVT are the capacitive voltage divider , a tuning

reactor, a voltage transformer, a ferroresonance suppression circuit and the burden

made by the relay.

The CVT model can be further simplified where the equivalent circuit is referred to

the intermediate voltage: The CVT model has been design according to this

References [24, 25, 27]

Capacitive Voltage Divider

The capacitive voltage divider steps down the voltage from 66 to 10-15 kV. A lower

voltage is required to reduce the insulation of the subsequent voltage

transformation and, therefore, to the overall cost of the CVT. The design of the

capacitors is one of the main challenges faced by manufacturers. In fact, the higher

the size of the capacitance, the lower is the magnitude of the transient overvoltage

during sudden changes in the power system [24]. At the same time, CVT with a

high capacitor size are more expensive. CVTs are often classified as normal C,

high C and extra high C according to the value of the stack capacitance [25].

Typically the value of the capacitors is in the range of 100nF [24, 27].

A Normal C capacitor with a total value of 100 nF was selected.

Tuning reactor

82/138

The tuning reactor is required to cancel out the value of the capacitive divider at

the system frequency [24] . Therefore, the reactor prevents the phase shift

between the voltage signal at the transmission line and the voltage fed to the relay.

The size of the reactor is tuned for the system frequency of 50 Hz. In this study the

reactor is 111 H.

Voltage transformer

The voltage transformer reduces the voltage from 10-15 kV to a voltage suitable for

the relay which is usually 100 or 110 V. Copper and iron losses were taken into

consideration by adding in the CVT model a resistance of 2000 Ohm.

Ferroresonance Suppression Circuit

The ferroresonance suppression circuit is installed in the low voltage side of the

voltage transformer to prevent dangerous overvoltages due to the saturation of the

iron core of the step down transformer.

Two types of ferroresonance suppression circuits are normally used by CVT

manufacturers [24, 25, 27]:

Active ferroresonance suppression circuit

Passive ferroresonance suppression circuit

The active ferroresonance suppression circuit consists of a parallel tuning circuit in

series with a damping resistor. The LC parallel circuit behaves as an open circuit at

the nominal power frequency to prevent shunt current flowing through the circuit.

During transient condition the tuning circuit will decrease the impedance to the

value of the damping resistor. The resistor will attenuate the energy of the transient

surge [24]

83/138

The passive ferroresonance suppression circuit has a resistor, a saturable inductor

and air gap loading resistor. In normal condition the voltage is not high enough to

flash the air gap. During transient conditions, the air gap will flash over through the

resistor and will attenuate the transient energy.

Existing literature and previous study demonstrated that the passive

ferroresonance circuit has better transient performance than the active device [24,

25, 27, 28, 31, 32]. However, as the study aims to test the CVT under the worst

case scenario, the active suppression circuit was implemented.

Device Data

R= 77379 Ohms

C=29 nF

L=111 H

CVT Burden

The burden connected at the end of the circuit represents the static or numerical

digital relays. Modern relays have a small burden. Typically the burden is below 5

VA .

The value of the burden is 1000 Ohms

84/138

3.3 Simulation Settings

Fault time

System faults can happen at any time. Considering the two voltage magnitude end

range, the fault could take place at 0 voltage or at maximum voltage. Fault at zero

voltage are less common than faults at the maximum voltage. In fact, this type of

fault could only happen during lightning or close of the circuit breaker on fault

condition. Faults at the maximum voltage usually take place when insulation failure

occurs and are statistically more likely to happen.

Simulations were conducted with fault at zero crossing of the primary voltage. At

this time the energy store in the capacitor is at the maximum and this condition will

generate the worst voltage transient conditions. The sudden change in the system

will release the energy stored in the active elements of the CVT creating the worst

transient overvoltage condition. These voltage oscillations are composed of lower

and higher frequency components.

Network and Source Settings

66 kV subtransmission line model is as per the model used in Section 1

(Overvoltage). The line model was set to 2 km and 10 km. Short lines were

selected to increase the source impedance ratio, SIR, and testing the performance

of the CVT with a higher SIR. It is reminded that SIR is the ration between the

source impedance and the line impedance at the relay point.

85/138

The source impedance was set to determine a starting SIR of 1 and 10 without the

implementation of the NER. Then, the neutral earth resistor was increased to

obtain the desired SIR.

To conclude, four network models were investigated:

10km line length- SIR of 1( No NER), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60

10km line length- SIR of 10( No NER), 20, 30 and 60

2 km line length- SIR of 1( No NER), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60

10km line length- SIR of 10( No NER), 20, 30 and 60

86/138

3.4 Simulation Results

Simulations results are provided in Appendix D and summarised in the graphs here

below:

Transient Overvoltage- 10km line- Initial SIR 1

0.00

5.0010.00

15.00

20.0025.00

30.00

35.00

40.0045.00

50.00

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu) SIR 1

SIR 5

SIR 10

SIR 20

SIR 30

SIR 60

Figure 3.1: Peak overvoltage after fault- Initial SIR 1- Line length 10 km


0.00

5.00

10.0015.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.0040.00

45.00

50.00

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu)

SIR 10

SIR 20

SIR 30

SIR 60


87/138


0.00

5.00

10.0015.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.0040.00

45.00

50.00

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu) SIR 1

SIR 5

SIR 10

SIR 20

SIR 30

SIR 60



0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.0030.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e ( pu)

SIR 10

SIR 20

SIR 30

SIR 60

Figure 3.4: Peak overvoltage after fault � Initial SIR 10 - Line length 2 km

Some snapshots of the Voltage are shown in Figure 3.5 to 3.8. Er is the voltage at

the CVT output. Ea is the voltage at the CVT input. These snapshots were

captured during the simulation with line length of 10 km and increasing SIR from 1

to 60. Please note the transient time constant and phase shift.

88/138

Figure 3.5: Peak overvoltage - Line length 10 km �SIR 1



89/138


From this study, the following observations are derived:

1. The application of the resistor increases the SIR ratio. The increase of the

SIR ratio decreases the voltage at the relay point during a fault and

increases the magnitude and phase shift of the transient overvoltage in

respect to the steady state overvoltage

2. Transient overvoltage decay between 2 and 4 cycles after the fault event.

The overvoltage decays with a longer time with high SIR ratio. This

phenomena is a consequence of the voltage gap between the pre fault and

post fault steady state. Transient components are also highlighted from the

overvoltage snapshots

3. The results are consistent throughout the 4 simulations. The results are

also in line with previous studies [24, 25, 27].

4. The four simulations produce similar results at the same SIR ratio as shown

in Figure 3.9 to 3.12. These results confirm that grounding the system via

the resistor do not have a peculiar impact on the CVT performance. The

critical element for the transient results is the SIR. It influences more than

the length of the transmission line or the source impedance. A high SIR will

generate a significant voltage depression at the CVT location.

-10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5

10.0 12.5

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Er Ea

90/138

Overvoltage Comparison- SIR 10

0

2

4

6

8

10

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e (p

u)

Simulation 1

Simulation 2

Simulation 3

Simulation 4

ime

Figure 3.9: Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10


0

5

10

15

20

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e (p

u)

Simulation 1

Simulation 2

Simulation 3

Simulation 4


91/138


0

5

10

15

20

25

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e (p

u)

Simulation 1

Simulation 2

Simulation 3

Simulation 4



0

10

20

30

40

50

10 30 50 70

Time (ms)

Ove

rvoltag

e (p

u)

Simulation 1

Simulation 2

Simulation 3

Simulation 4


5. The size of the capacitance has an impact on the transient overvoltage

produced by the CVT [24, 27]. Three snapshots shown with a higher

Capacitance of 200, 400nF of 1000 nF were recorded as shown on Figure

3.13 to 3.16.

92/138

Figure 3.13: Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-Capacitance of 100 nF

Figure 3-14:Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-Capacitance of 200 nF

Figure 3.15:- Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-Capacitance of 400 nF

93/138

Figure 3.16: Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-Capacitance of 1000 nF

The graphs show that the fist peak decreases from 8.12 kV, with a

capacitance of 100 nF to 4.64 kV with a capacitance value of 1000 nF.

Decay time is also reduced. These results confirm that CVT manufacturers

need to consider the size of the capacitance which needs to be traded off

with the higher cost of large capacitors.

6. To verify the CVT transient performance in relation to the power factor of the

relay burden, three different simulation with SIR ratio of 10 and burden

power factor of 1, 0.7 and 0.1 were performed.

Figure 3.17: Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-PF 1

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0 2.0 4.0

6.0 8.0

10.0

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Er Ea

94/138

Figure 3.18: Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-PF 0.7

Figure 3.19: Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-PF 0.1

The results show that the CVT transient characteristic is affected

by the inductive burden. Therefore, it is customary to keep the voltage input

relay burden as close as possible to unity power factor. Therefore, digital

relays with their resistive burden perform better than the old

electromechanical relays with the inductive coil.

7. CVT transients are also affected by the magnitude of the connected

burden[24]. A simulation has been conducted to determine the response of

the CVT with a SIR 30 and a burden of 100000 Ohm

-8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

10.0

Vol

tage

(kV

)Er Ea

95/138

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0 V

olta

ge (

kV)

Er Ea

Figure 3.20: Overvoltage comparison - Line length 10 km �SIR 10-Burden 10000

Figure 3.21: Overvoltage comparison � Additional simulation- Line length 10 km �SIR 10-

Burden 100000

The benefit of the additional damping resistor is confirmed as per existing

literature [25, 27].

8. The post fault voltage is the result of the superpositions of several frequency

components. To simplify the analysis we can assume that four main

frequency components are the major elements:

Power frequency component

High frequency decay component

Low frequency decay component

96/138

DC component.

A specific analysis was done on the 10 km model with SIR ratio of 10, 30

and 60 using the Fast Fourier Transformation tool available in PSCAD.

Snapshots were taken at the first peak, 45 ms and 105 ms after fault

injection. Base frequency was set to 12.5 Hz with 31 harmonics setting.

These settings allow monitoring of the noise with a frequency lower than the

power frequency components and up to 350 Hz. DC decay components

graphs are also provided.

SIR 10 � Frequency Response Plots

f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [13] 0.142098

Figure 3.22: Sir 10 � Frequency response 5 ms after the fault

f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 0.735262


97/138

f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 0.822083



f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 8.43448


f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 7.99076


98/138

f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 2.11216



f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 8.92664


f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 8.15062


99/138

f MAG15.0

-15.0

kV [6] 2.15804


The DC component contained in the signal is shown on Figure 3.34 and 35.

As expected, the sudden changes produced by the fault produces a decay

a-periodic component damped approximately after 60ms

Figure 3.31: DC component 5ms after the fault

Figure 3.32: DC component after 60ms after the fault

DC2.0

-2.0

kV [1] -0.0367069

DC2.0

-2.0

kV [1] -0.802959

100/138

3.5 CVT Conclusion

This study did not find any relevant issues on the CVT performance when a

resistor is used in the grounding of the voltage source.

Transient overvoltage magnitude, voltage waveform, frequency response and time

constant results obtained using the PSCAD software package and the simplified

CVT model are in line with the existing body of knowledge.

The difference of magnitudes between the steady state voltage pre fault and after

fault, which is well represented by the System Impedance Ratio, SIR, is the key

element in determine the transient response of the CVT and the impact on the

distance protection scheme.

This study confirms that the transient overvoltages generated by the overall power

systems is made worse by the CVT transient performance.

101/138

4 Distance Protection Scheme

4.1 Introduction

Distance protection scheme is extensively implemented in subtransmission and

transmission lines. The popularity of this protection scheme is due to its inherent

simplicity of implementation, the relative cost and the speed of operation.

Distance protection relays are divided in two main characteristic groups:

MHO characteristic, also called admittance characteristic. The zone reach,

is represented by a circumference that passes through the origin of the X/R

plane providing an inherent directional protection capability

Quadrilateral characteristics. The quadrilateral shape is made by four

reaches in the four directions. The setting reach of each element can be

usually controlled independently

With the advent of digital technology other impedance characteristics such as

elliptical and polygonal have been implemented by relay manufacturers. However,

this research will focus on the Mho characteristic which is still a point of reference

for protection engineers. In particular, this investigation now pays attention to the

accuracy and operating time of the relay to determine how they are affected by

transient overvoltages.

In fact, it is a standard practice to assess the performance of the relay in terms of

accuracy and operating time [4]. The accuracy of the distance reach is a

comparison of the measured impedance with the actual impedance. In theory, if

correct current and voltage are fed to the relay, and the relay is set with the exact

102/138

impedance data, the distance protection scheme is immune from malfunction or

incorrect measurement.

In reality the distance protection is not just Z= V/I [4].The operation and the

technical performance of the relay can be affected by a large variety of elements

such as system configuration, load current, system data, power swing, transients,

location of the fault and fault resistance. Therefore, the accuracy of the distance

protection relay varies according to the specific application.

The operating time, which is the time between the fault and the tripping of the relay

output contact, is another key element of the distance protection. In the old

electromechanical relays the magnitude of the voltage and current measured by

the protection relay had a relevant impact on the performance of the protection

schemes. Current and voltage would determine the operating torque of the relay.

The latest digital relays have more consistent performance independent of the

magnitude of the measured quantities.

In terms of accuracy and operating time a critical factor to determine the

performance of a distance protection relay is the system impedance ratio, SIR.

SIR= Zs/Zl

Where:

Zs =Source impedance

Zl = Line impedance

SIR ratio is a term commonly used in the industry. Relay manufacturers use the

SIR as reference to specify the performance of their protective devices. The

vendors specifies the accuracy of the impedance calculation with ± 3 % error with a

SIR lower than 30 [26-29] The same manufacturer also guarantee relay operation

103/138

within two cycles with SIR below 30. In fact, this relays are often named � two cycle

relays�.

New digital relay techniques are expanding the SIR limit to 60 [27, 30].At the same

time relay manufacturers are now producing relays with excellent accuracy and

operating time within one cycle. These relays are often called �one cycle relay�

The relevance of the SIR has been successfully captured by IEEE Standard

C37.113-1999.�IEEE Guide for protective Relay Application For Transmission

Lines�[31]. Preferred protection schemes for transmission lines are classified by

the SIR. Three types of lines are defined in the IEEE Standard:

1. Long line with SIR below 0.5

2. Medium line with SIR smaller than 4 and larger than 0.5

3. Short line with SIR above 4

Implementation of the neutral earth resistor increases the source impedance and,

therefore, the source impedance ratio. Strong source with a high fault current

usually have a low SIR and vice versa. Weak infeed source have high SIR value.

From a transmission line point of view, we can also state that, short line have a

lower line impedance and, therefore, a higher SIR. As result, it is more appropriate

referring to the SIR instead than weighting Zs and Zl magnitude on isolation.

With a good approximation it is possible to determine the voltage at the relay

location with the following equation:

Vr=1/ ( 1+ SIR)

104/138

For a phase to ground fault, more precise computation of the voltage at the relay

point can be performed by using this formula: [32]:

SIR= Zs/ Zl

Where

Zs= 2Zs1 + Zs0= Z s1 * (2+Zso/Z s1)= Z s1 ( 2 + p)

Zl= 2Zl1 + Zlo = Z l1 * (2+Zlo/Z l1)= Z l1 ( 2 + q)

And

p= Zso/Z s1

q= Zlo/Z l1

In the event of a fault at the zone reach, it is possible to determine the voltage at

the relay by using the following formulas [32]

Vr= (1 /( (Zs/Zl) * (( 2+ p)/ ( 2+ q))) V

nVl

q

Vr

1 )2

p 2( * (Zs/Zl)

1

The impedances in the above formulas refer to the setting reach. This means that if

the fault is closer to the relay, SIR will increase and the voltage will decrease.

Using PSCAD software and modeling a simple radial system made by the source,

a 220/66kV delta/star transformer, and a transmission line. In Figure 4.1 to Figure

4.4, the relation between the SIR, voltage and fault current at the relay point is

highlighted. The study was done with a line length of 2, 5 and 10 km. The curve

105/138

points were determined by increasing from 0 Ohm, the value of the NER in steps of

2 Ohms to 30 Ohms. Results are shown in Figure 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4.

Line 2 km

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

4.4

8.3

12.2

16.1

20.0

23.9

27.8

31.7

35.6

39.5

43.4

47.3

SIR

Vr an

If in

pu

V at the RelayFault Current

Figure 4.1: Voltage and Current at the relay point as a function of SIR- Line length 2 km

Line 5 km

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.8

3.3

4.9

6.4

8.0

9.6

11.1

12.7

14.2

15.8

17.3

18.9

SIR

Vr an

d If

in p

u

V at the relay

Fault Current

Figure 4.2: Voltage and Current at the relay point as a function of SIR �Line length 5 km

106/138

Line 10 km

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

0.9

1.7

2.4

3.2

4.0

4.8

5.6

6.3

7.1

7.9

8.7

9.5

SIR

Vr an

d If

in p

u

V at the RelayFault Current

Figure 4.3: Voltage and Current at the relay point as a function of SIR- Line lenght 10km

The increase of the resistor will decrease the voltage at the relay location.

Moreover, the increase of the line length will decrease the value of the SIR. It is

anticipated by the existing literature [24, 25, 27, 31, 39] that the reduced voltage

supplied to the distance relay is in fact a major challenge to the functionality of the

distance relay.

107/138

4.2 MHO Characteristics Theory

Distance relays measure the impedance in the impedance plane to determine if the

measurement is within the reach boundary. To accomplish this result the relay

compares the magnitude or phase of two different quantities. In the early stage,

since 1920s�, relay manufacturers, for instance Siemens in Germany, employed a

line replica impedance to determine if the fault was in the protected zone [33]. To

the contrary, English and American manufacturers mainly used an induction

cylinder comparator which, according to the torque produced by the current [34] ,

will operate the tripping mechanism.

In both cases, phase comparison was the preferred method to implement the

distance protection scheme. The Mho characteristics was a natural outcome of this

technology [35]. Therefore, the Mho impedance relays had the majority of attention

from the researchers and quadrilateral characteristics appeared on the market only

in the late 70� with the first static relays.

As anticipated, in the Mho relay, the basic of the distance protection is achieved by

comparing the angle between two voltages which are commonly named the

operating signal and the polarising signal.

The operating signal is the vectorial subtraction of the voltage produced by the

zone reach impedance times the fault current and the voltage measured during

fault.

S1= I Z � V

The polarising signal Voltage IZ is instead the voltage measured during fault V

S2= V

108/138

The angle between these two vectors will determine if the fault is inside or outside

the zone reach.

It is useful reviewing how this is achieved [32-34, 36, 37]. The voltage across the

fault impedance, IZ, represents the diameter of the Mho characteristics in the event

that the measured impedance Z is equal to the zone reach. In this condition, the

angle opposite to IZ is always 90 degrees once intercepts the circumference.

Figure 4.4: MHO self polarised- Fault at the zone reach

109/138

Figure 4.5: MHO self polarised- Fault within the zone reach

Consequently, if the angle between the operating signal and the polarising signal is

less than 90 degrees the impedance is within the zone reach. As shown in Figure

4.5, the angle will move towards 0 degrees as the fault moves towards the relay

point [36].

110/138

Figure 4.6: MHO self polarised- Fault outside the zone reach

If the impedance Z is outside the zone reach this angle will be above 90 degrees.

111/138

5 Transient Overvoltages and Distance Protection:

Solutions

5.1 Introduction

In Section 2 and 3 this research has illustrated that, after fault inception, the power

frequency voltage fed to distance protection relay is superimposed by transients

generated by the power systems and from the CVT. In Section 4 this study has

also highlighted that correct calculation of the zone reach relies on the correctness

of the voltage magnitude and angle implemented in the distance algorithm.

Besides, using the resistor for grounding will increase the SIR with consequent

reduction of the available voltage at the relay location.

This research is mainly concerned about the accuracy of the distance

measurements

As the impedance settings are defined at the power frequency, it is required that

the protection relay shall be able to keep the fundamental frequency and reject the

other frequency components before data processing is initiated. If a distorted signal

is fed to the relay, the relay will perform an incorrect computation of the impedance

leading to overreach or underreach measurements. In other words, the relay could

see a fault outside the zone reach as if it is inside the protected zone (Underreach

problem) and execute the trip command to the circuit breaker. Vice versa, voltage

over estimation could determine that a fault inside the zone reach could be seen as

that outside the zone reach (Overreach phenomena). The same type of errors

could be determined if the voltage noise produces a significant phase angle error.

112/138

While few static distance protection relays are still in use, the study will focus only

on the latest generation of numerical protection relays as implemented worldwide

in the last 10 years.

Modern digital filtering techniques have dramatically improved the performance of

the distance protection relays by optimizing the following requirements:

Quality of the voltage input to the relay

Operating time

Cost

Reference [38] provides a complete background of the purpose and characteristics

of the filters.

Although the latest digital filtering techniques have made significant improvements,

relay manufactures do not guarantee that the voltage used for the impedance

computation will be noise free [35, 37, 38, 44, 45]. Therefore, further engineering

techniques are required to enhance the performance of the protection relay.

113/138

5.2 Polarisation Techniques

The Mho characteristic relay performs the impedance calculation by comparing two

voltage signals, commonly known as operating signal, S1, and polarising signal,

S2.

S1= Operating V = I fault* Z settings � V meas.

S2= Polarising signal= V measured

This technique, commonly named Mho self polarised technique, uses the voltage

measured during the fault without any signal modification as polarising signal.

As the fault gets closer to the relay location, the voltage signal fed to the protection

relay will decrease to the point to be so small that it will not allow a reliable

computation of the phase comparison algorithm. In particular, the voltage

measured could not be sufficient to determine if the fault is on the line side or on

the bus side of the voltage transformer placing at risk the inherent directionality of

the Mho characteristics [25, 30, 31, 39, 41]. For the old electromagnetic relays the

minimum requirement to operate correctly was about 1 V [33]. For the modern

digital relays the lower limit is approximately 0.1 V[33].

To overcome these problems, protection engineers have developed several

techniques to manipulate the polarizing signal to ensure correct impedance

calculation and determination of the direction of the fault. These techniques have

been known as� polarisation signal techniques�.

The end result of all these engineering methods is expanding the Mho circle to

protect the impedance area around the X-R origin without affecting the inherent

114/138

directionality of the Mho characteristic. Besides, the Mho circle is also expanded in

the R axis direction which provides a better fault resistance coverage. In other

words, the circle is lowered and expanded in the impedance plane to fully cover the

area of the origin of the axis.

Mho expansion example:

Zs= 1 Ohm

Z setting= 1 Ohm

Memorising setting = 20 % = 0.2 pu

Vr=1/ ( 1+ SIR)

Mho expansion = [(Polarizing Setting)/(Setting + 1)] . Zs=[27]

= (0.2/ 2) * 1= 0.1 pu=10 %

115/138

Figure 5.1: MHO characteristics- Reach expansion with polarising techniques

Polarising techniques achieve this result by boosting the polarising voltage. There

is a wide literature about the available polarising techniques which also take into

consideration critical factors such as fault resistance, load flow and single pole

auto-reclose function [25, 30, 40, 41]. Given below is a summary of these

techniques:

1. Cross polarisation. The phase to phase voltage between the healthy

phases is used. The voltage Vbc is rotated of 90 degrees to be in phase with

the faulty phase Va

2. Median.The phase A to the median point of the healthy phase Vbc is

implemented

116/138

3. Lagging and leading polarisation. When a phase to ground fault takes

place, another technique is adding a percentage of the lagging or leading

healthy phase voltage to the faulty phase voltage. Lagging phase will be

added by rotating the vector of 120 degrees. Contrary, leading phase

voltage will be added by adding to the vector 120 degrees [35]. The two

polarising techniques are similar with the end result of �boosting� the

polarizing signal.

4. Faulty phase memory polarisation. This technique consists in using the

voltage memorised as polarizing signal. In the past, with analog relays, the

memory was available only for few cycles. With digital relays , in theory, the

memory does not have any time limit. However, frequency compensation

would be required for long length widow to avoid any maloperation Usually

the signal used refers to 2 to cycles before the starting element of the

distance protection picks up.

5. Positive sequence voltage memory polarisation. With the advent of

digital relays, it is standard practice to derive the symmetrical components

from the phase values and used those values in the algorithms defined in

the relays. Therefore, it is possible to use the positive sequence memory as

a polarizing signal

6. Hybrid Polarisation. It must be noted that each polarizing technique can be

designed according to the quantity and percentage of each technique used.

For instance an hybrid technique could refer to a polarising signal which is

made by 50 % of self polarised an 50 % of cross polarisation.

7. Adaptive Polarisation. Latest advance in digital technology have allowed

relay designers to accommodate different requirements in the distance

protection algorithms. This philosophy which is called adaptive protection is

well described in Reference [35]� Adaptive protection is protection

philosophy which permits and seek adjustment in various protection

117/138

functions automatically in order to make them more attuned to prevailing

power system conditions�.

This techniques have created adaptive algorithms that switch from a

polarising signal to another according to the voltage at the relay point and

the time elapsed from fault inception create Modern digital relays implement

adaptive algorithms to detect the best polarizing signal.

5.3 Polarising Techniques

This section is to pay attention to the polarising technique implemented in five

modern digital relays[27, 29, 30, 39, 40].

Siemens 7SA522 offers to the User the ability to determine the percentage of self

and memorized voltage for the polarising signal. The memory polarisation is only

used if the available phase to neutral voltage is above 40% of the nominal phase to

ground voltage. The threshold is set to 70 % for the phase to phase voltage. Below

these thresholds the algorithm uses the cross polarisation voltage. Default setting

for both polarisation is 15% with a maximum of 100%. Therefore, the self

Polarisation is kept at 85% but could vary from 0 to 100 %. The relay offers

independent settings for the phase to ground and phase to phase measuring loops.

Even Areva P543 uses a combination of memorizing and self polarised voltage.

The User shall determine the best composition of the memory and cross polarised

voltage prior to relay configuration. The memorizing voltage can vary between16 %

to 83 % of the overall polarising signal. The memorizing voltage is taken from two

cycles before fault and is used for 16 cycles after the loss of the voltage supply.

After this period, cross polarised voltage is used.

Schweitzer SEL 311 relay fully implements the memorised positive sequence

voltage as polarising signal.

118/138

ABB-REL 670 employs a memorizing voltage. The memorized voltage is used for 5

cycles and refers to 2 cycles before fault detection. After 100 ms few conditions are

checked to determine if a genuine fault is taking place. More details are provided in

the Reference [39]

General Electric Multilin D30 uses the memory voltage if the actual voltage is

below 80% of the nominal voltage. After the memory timer elapsed the voltage is

checked. If the voltage is above 10%, the actual voltage is used. Otherwise, the

memorised voltage is still used.

This brief reviews of five modern distance relays shows that there is a clear choice

to use the entire or a percentage of the voltage memory as polarising signal. The

use of this voltage will also prevent the feeding of a voltage signal which contains

the transient disturbance on the healthy and faulty phases to the relay. The voltage

sample used refers to 2 cycles before the fault inceptions. This time gap is

considered satisfactory as compromise between two different requirements:

Using a voltage sample as close as possible to the fault inception. This will

prevent that a frequency change in the network could cause a phase error in

the calculation

Use a voltage sample recorded well before fault inception to fully prevent a

post fault noise being memorised in the relay

It is noted that some relays allow the users to determine the composition of the

polarising signal [8, 13]. The author suggests that in the future this capability could

be implemented by all the relay manufacturers in the next series of distance digital

relays.

119/138

5.4 CVT Techniques

Modern distance digital relays employ a wide variety of techniques to reduce the

negative impact created by CVT transients. Precise details of the algorithms are

not published by the Manufacturers who need to protect their intellectual

properties. Besides, modern relays use parallel and different computation

techniques to validate the measured fault impedance during high SIR condition. All

these algorithms obviously are not published in relay manuals.

However, relay manuals and existing literature provide some useful information on

the algorithms and CVT compensation techniques implemented in modern relays.

Areva P543 allows the User to select the type of ferroresonance suppression used

in the CVT. At fault inception, the relay will determine the SIR and apply a delay of

5 ms if the SIR is above 2 for active filters. The same delay is applied with the

passive filters when the SIR is above a selectable value varying from 5 to 60.

SEL 311 relay delays the operating time of Zone 1 reach of 30 ms either if SIR

above 5 is detected or the CVT has an active ferroresonance-suppression circuit.

Latest technology also provide CVT transient compensation function using

customised CVT transient filtering and impedance estimation techniques. GE D30

relay implements a patented special digital filter designed to cope with CVT

transients. The relay calculates the SIR and adjusts the voltage signal and the

operating time to prevent relay overreach

There is no doubt that digital relays are now able to detect CVT transient

conditions and, at the same time, calculate the SIR[24]. These CVT transient

detection logics determine the required time delay between 20 and 60 ms before

issuing the trip command. The time delay will allow the transient to decay and

lower the likelihood to have some errors in the impedance measurements at the

120/138

start. The CVT algorithms are also able to recognize if it is a close in fault. In this

event the CVT logic will be bypassed to provide a fast protection trip.

Another technique includes applying a time delay to CB trip in the zone before the

Z1 setting reach. This zone is the most critical area for relay accuracy. An error on

the computation of the fault impedance could lead to maloperation as the relay

could �overreach� or underreach[25].�

There are also researches on new digital filtering methods to include Finite Impulse

Response filter with a longer window length in the pre-filtering area of the relay and

full cycle Fourier algorithms and least square methods for the phasor estimation

[41]. FIR filter performances are dependant on the window length. Longer window

allows increasing the error on the measured value. To the contrary, decreasing the

window length will improve the operating time but, inevitably, will increase the error

on the measured voltage.

121/138

5.5 Setting Advice

Modern filtering techniques, CVT adaptive algorithms and the use of memorised

voltage as a polarising signal have dramatically improved the performance of the

distance protection relays. Nevertheless, protection engineers are still required to �

tune� the distance protection during the preparation of the relay setting for each

specific project. In relation to the protection settings, the following items should be

considered:

1. Liaise with the planning engineer to determine the size of the neutral earth

resistor and consequent SIR. For instance, designing a SIR below 25 at

Zone 1 reach will usually ensure adequate relay performance. Please note

that SIR is calculated at the end of the line

2. Contact the CVT Manufacturer to determine if the device is provided with an

active or passive ferroresonance suppression circuit. Usually this

information is not provided in the primary and secondary drawings. Although

the CVT will comply with the IEC standard accuracy requirements, the

knowledge of the type of suppression circuit will give more confidence in the

estimate of the CVT transient behavior

3. Estimate the expected post fault transient overvoltages (magnitude and time

to decay), based on system earthing, power system characteristics, SIR,

CVT characteristics including ferroresonance suppression filter and relay

performance. Although a precise figure can�t be determined unless a power

system study is performed, the above data and the existing literature as

listed in the Reference should be sufficient to complete the exercise

4. Select the polarising technique according to the estimation above and the

SIR at the end of zone 1 reach. The design shall consider the SIR excursion

under minimum and maximum fault levels. For the minimum fault level, the

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worst case scenario of a single ( N-1) or double contingencies (N-2) should

be adopted according to the project/client requirements

5. Implement multiple group protection settings in the relay to adapt the

protection scheme to different system configuration and different SIR

6. Apply a constant time delay to zone 1 longer than the CVT transient. This

solution is not dynamic and penalizes fast fault clearing time for close in

faults or low SIR condition

7. Reduce the distance reach of Zone 1(instantaneous trip) to less than the

traditional 80-85 %

8. Limit the use of distance protection, where practicable, to transmission line

with a SIR of less than 25 [33] or higher if specific type of relays are

implemented

9. The majority of modern distance relays offer the capability to implement 4

[30] or 5 [27, 39, 40] zones. According to the application a zone could be

used to divide zone 1 in two zones, a fast zone and a slow zone. The first

zone covers the safe reach area of the line, for instance 60% of the line. The

second zone, Z1 �slow�, will cover the reach between 60% and 85% with a

time delay longer than the CVT transient. The time delay could vary

between 20 and 60 ms

10. CVT transient performance is improved if the transformer is adequately

loaded. Considering that modern digital relays have a small burden, it is

good engineering practice to increase the load connected to the CVT by

using a resistor. The load shall be above 50 % the nominal rating of the

CVT[33]

11. Test the protection settings using different SIR to verify and ensure that the

performance of the relay is not affected by the reduced input voltage.

123/138

12. Verify the type of polarisation used in the relay to determine the Mho

dynamic expansion and additional resistance coverage provided.

Implementation of the neutral earth resistor decreases the fault current and ,

therefore, increase the arc resistance as calculated using the Warrington�s

formula.

arc1.4 I

arc theoflength * 28700 arc R

If required, the use of quadrilateral characteristics might be considered for

this type of application

13. Protection settings shall consider the system stability requirement. In

Australia, the Australian National Electricity Rules, NER, Chapter 5,[33]

Clause S5.1a.8 [28], requires that the primary protection system during a

fault should operate within the relevant time as detailed in Column 2 of

Table 1:

TABLE 4-I: -NER- FAULT CLEARING TIME

Nominal voltage kV

Time(milliseconds)

Primary Prot

End of line Prot

Back up Prot

400 kV and above

80 100 175

At least 250kV but less than 400 kV

100 120 250

More than 100 kV but less than 250 kV

120 220 430

Less than or equal 100 kV

As necessary to prevent plant damage and meet stability requirements

124/138

On the 66 kV network the application of a time delay between 60 and 85 %

of Z1 reach will not affect system stability and the overall performance of the

overall protection scheme. For instance, in the Melbourne metropolitan area,

system stability could be affected only if a fault is not cleared within 600 ms.

The critical fault clearing time exceeds 1000 ms in the Victorian regional

area. In a 220 kV network, a small time delay could also be applied. For

instance, applying a 20 ms time delay with a modern CB and protection

relay, the total CB operating time would be still within the 120 ms limit

125/138

6 Conclusion

6.1 Research Findings

The major findings of this research are the following:

After a phase to ground fault, the power system generates transient

overvoltages. Maximum overvoltage is influenced by all the power system

parameter. In particular, the method of earthing was found to be critical.

Designing the resistor to limit the phase to ground fault to 10% of the fault

current with a solidly earthed system, will contain the transient overvoltages

below 3 pu. Time and location of the fault are the other main factors to

determine the magnitude and on which phase the maximum overvoltage is

recorded.

Modern distance relays are capable to operate correctly during the transient

period that follows a phase to ground fault. Modern distance relays are

provided with digital filters, adaptive algorithm, polarising techniques to

overcome the issues created by the transient overvoltages. In the event of a

fault with a high source impedance ratio, SIR, the available voltage to the

distance relay could be so small to impact the functionality of the relay. In

particular, accurate computation of the fault direction and fault loop

impedance could be affected. The use of memorising voltage overcomes

these issues as well as prevents feeding the relay with a distorted voltage

signal caused by the power system itself and, in particular, the CVT

transient behavior. To conclude, the results of this research show that fault

current limitation and consequent reduction of the thermal stress and aging

of the equipment are successfully supported by modern distance relays

Distance relay performance can be assessed according to the SIR. This

factor provides a correct indication of how the relay performs under transient

126/138

overvoltage conditions. Modern digital relays provide accurate and fast

operation with SIR below 30. Applying a typical engineering safety margin,

sizing of the NER which produces a SIR above 25 should be evaluated in

the early stage of a project

Although the satisfactory performance of digital distance relays, preparing

the protection settings and determining the correct balance between

operating time and accuracy is still a critical activity for protection engineers.

This study provides protection setting advices to support the implementation

of modern distance protection relays on short lines, ineffective grounding

system and weak impedance source

127/138

6.2 Areas for Further Investigation

Considering the overvoltage data available, together with the analysis performed

on overvoltage and distance protection, this Thesis could be used as starting point

to perform further investigations.

In the power system analysis field, the author advocates similar studies using a

neutral earth reactor in the grounding of power system. This study will facilitate the

comparison of the transient response between the resistor and the reactor. The

results will be beneficial for the planning activity of Utilities and large industrial

plants.

It is also advisable to expand this study by modeling in details the substation and

the surrounding grid and reperform the same analysis. Results obtained could be

used to generate guidelines for power system modeling and allowable model

simplifications in relation to transient overvoltage studies.

In the distance protection areas, it is envisaged to perform further studies in

regards to the percentage of memory or cross polarisation as a function of the

neutral earth resistor and /or the source impedance ratio. Relay manufactures have

not provided clear design instruction in relation to the typology and size of the

earthing connection and calculated SIR. This study should also take into

consideration load flow and fault resistance. It would be also recommended to test

the proposed algorithms in a three terminal line. This line configuration is becoming

more frequent as medium and small wind solar farms connection applications have

been increasing in recent years.

Besides, implementation of the resistor and consequent fault current reduction

creates some difficulties to the fault detection function, often termed as starting

element, of the distance relay. Although modern relays are equipped with

algorithms that use voltage or different techniques to differentiate genuine faults to

128/138

a simply heavy load current, it is believed that further researches could be

performed.

This study could be also used to review the traditional guideline used by protection

engineers for the zone one reach setting. Zone one is typically set to 80 or 85

percent of the protected line. Consideration of modern CVT and relay

performances, together with expected fault current and SIR, could be used to

provide newest insight on the matter.

Lastly, distance protection scheme is often used to provide primary or back up

protection to power transformers. It is envisaged to perform additional studies on

this scheme, and, how the size of the resistor could be used to improve the

functionality of the distance protection relay.

129/138

7 References

[1] J. Roberts, H. J. Alluve, and H. Daqing, "Review of Ground Fault Protection

Methods for Grounded, Ungrounded, And Compensated Distribution Systems,"

1996.

[2] R. Lavorin, D. Hou, J. Altuve, N. Fisher, and F. Calero, "Selecting

Directional Elements for Impedance Grounded Distribution Systems," Washington:

SEL Labortories, 2007.

[3] Areva, "System Earthing," in Analysis and Protection of Power Systems

Course Sydney: Areva, 2006.

[4] Alstom, "Network Protection & Automation ", 2006.

[5] D.Fulchiron, "Overvoltage and Insulation Coordination in MV and HV," in

Cahier Technique Merlin Gerin. vol. 151, S. Electric, Ed.: Schneider Electric, 1995.

[6] H. A. Peterson, Transients in Power Systems. New York: John Wiley &

Sons,Inc. New York -Chapman & Hall,LTD.London, 1951.

[7] ABB, Transformer handbook, 2003.

[8] E. C. Clarke, S.B.;Peterson,H.A;, "Overvoltages during Power-System

Faults

" Transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Part B, vol. v58, pp.

377-385, Aug-1939 Aug 1939.

[9] IEEE, "IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility

systems, part V - transmission systems and subtransmission systems

" IEEE Std C62.92.5-1992, 1993.

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[10] A. Switchgear, Protection application Handbook. Vastera,Sweden: ABB

Switchgear, 1999.

[11] IEEE, "IEEE recommended practice for grounding of industrial and

commercial power systems," IEEE Std 142-1991, 1992.

[12] F. J. Angelini and D. D. Shipp, "Characteristics of different power systems

neutral grounding techniques: fact and fiction," Greenville, SC, USA, 1991, pp. 8-1.

[13] I. Uglesic, L. Delbianco, and S. Babic, "Overvoltages provoked by faults in

the distribution electrical network," in Proceedings of the Mediterranean

Electrotechnical Conference - MELECON, Lemesos, Cyprus, 2000, pp. 895-898.

[14] A. Greenwood, Electrical transients in power systems 2nd ed. ed. New York:

New York : Wiley Interscience, 1991.

[15] L. v. d. Sluis, Transients in Power Systems, 2001.

[16] S. X. Shenxing, D.; Shuangxi, Z.;, "Analysis of Single-Phase-to-Ground

Fault Generated Initial Travelling Waves," in 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and

Distribution Conference & Exhibition: Asia and Pacific

Dalian, China

IEEE, 2005.

[17] S. Moorthy, Electrical Energy Systems. Melbourne: RMIT University, 2004.


systems, part V - transmission systems and subtransmission systems

IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility systems, part

V - transmission systems and subtransmission systems," IEEE Std C62.92.5-1992,

1993.

[19] M. S. n. -V.Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering, Second Edition ed. New

York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

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systems, part IV - distribution

IEEE guide for the application of neutral grounding in electrical utility systems, part

IV - distribution," IEEE Std C62.92.4-1991, 1992.

[21] PSCAD-EMTC, PSCAD Software Manual vol. 1, 2007.

[22] Cigre, "Guidelines for Representation of Transient Network Elements When

Calculating Transients," in Study Commitee 33 ( Overvoltages and Insulation

Coordination), Cigre, Ed. Paris: Cigre, 2000.

[23] P. C. Tusaliu, C; Dias Pinto, J.A.;, "Neutral Influences about Disturbances at

Switching Capacitor Banks in A 220kV Electrical Power System," in 38th

International Power Engineering Conference Thessalonoik

UPEC 2003, 2003.

[24] D. Hou and J. Roberts, "Capacitive voltage transformer: transient overreach

concerns and solutions for distance relaying," in Electrical and Computer

Engineering, 1996. Canadian Conference on, 1996, pp. 119-125 vol.1.

[25] B. Kasztenny, D. Sharples, V. Asaro, and M. Pozzuoli, "Distance Relay and

Capacitive Voltage Transformers Balancing Speed And Transient Overreach," in

52th Annual Conference For Protective Relay Engineers, Markham, Ontario, 2000.

[26] ABB, "REL512 Protection Relay Manual," ABB, Ed., 2008.

[27] Areva, "P543 Relay Manual," Areva, Ed., 2008.

[28] Siemens, "7SA5 Protection Relay Manual," Siemens, Ed., 2007.

[29] G. Multilin, "D30 Protection Relay Manual," G. Multilin, Ed., 2008.

[30] Schweitzer, "SEL 311 Manual," 2008.

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[31] IEEE, "IEEE guide for protective relay applications to transmission lines,"

IEEE Std C37.113-1999, 2000.

[32] Alstom, "Network Protection & Automation." vol. 1, 2002.

[33] G. Ziegler, Numerical Distance Protection: Public Corporate Publishing,

2008.

[34] E. O. Schweitzer and J. Roberts, "Distance Relay Element Design," in 46th

Annual Conference For Protective Relay Engineers, Texas A&M University, 1993.

[35] Cigre, "Modern Distance Protection Functions and Applications," Cigre, Ed.,

2007.

[36] G. Alexander and G. Andrichak, "Ground Distance Relaying: Problems and

Principles," in 19th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Spokane,

Washington, 1991.

[37] J. Roberts and A. Guzman, "Z=V/I Does Not Make A Distance Relay," in

20th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Washinghton, 1993.

[38] E. O. Schweitzer and D. Hou, "Filtering for Protective Relays," in 46th

Annual Conference For Protective Relay Engineers, Texas A&M University, 1993.

[39] ABB, "REL 670 Manual," ABB, Ed., 2007.

[40] Siemens, "7SA522 Relay Manual," 2007.

[41] D. Hou, A. Guzman, and J. Roberts, "Innovative Solutions Improve

Transmission Line Protections," in 24th Annual Western Protective Relay

Conference, 2002.

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Appendix A

10th International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection, March 2010, Manchester, UK -Abstract

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between post fault transient

overvoltages and the functionality of the numerical distance protection. The

study is conducted on a 66kV network with a neutral earth resistor as

method to earth the power system.

This paper begins by performing an extensive power system analysis on

ground fault transient overvoltages. The study is conducted by using the

PSCAD-EMTC software package. The results of this analysis are

discussed to determine the impact of a disturbed voltage signal fed to the

distance relay, with particular attention to the polarisation and CVT

transient mitigation techniques as implemented by modem relays. Finally,

this paper provides recommendation for the design of the protection

settings of the distance relay.

The results of this study show that fault current limitation and consequent

reduction of the thermal stress and aging of the equipment are

successfully supported by modern distance relays.

134/138

Appendix B

Overvoltage Study �PSCAD Data

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size

(Ohm) Va (kV) Vb (kV) Vc (kV)V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom Va (kV) Vb (kV) Vc (kV)

V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

1 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 0 88.86 75.27 70.32 88.86 1.65 71.69 65.58 62.82 71.69 1.33 54.23 65.17 57.94 65.17 1.212 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 0 88.86 76.76 70.53 88.86 1.65 72.64 67.82 62.80 72.64 1.35 54.17 67.51 57.92 67.51 1.253 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 76.41 70.55 88.83 1.65 72.33 68.39 62.78 72.33 1.34 55.98 68.18 57.89 68.18 1.274 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 0 88.82 74.06 71.31 88.82 1.65 72.60 67.28 62.75 72.60 1.35 59.44 67.17 57.86 67.17 1.255 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 0 88.78 73.20 71.14 88.78 1.65 72.61 64.55 62.72 72.61 1.35 60.99 64.51 57.83 64.51 1.206 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 0 88.75 73.71 72.55 88.75 1.65 72.52 63.82 62.68 72.52 1.35 63.67 60.25 57.80 63.67 1.187 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 0 88.62 73.23 74.57 88.62 1.64 72.41 63.78 62.66 72.41 1.34 63.42 58.93 57.79 63.42 1.188 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 0 88.69 73.02 77.48 88.69 1.65 73.00 63.78 62.68 73.00 1.35 64.53 58.94 57.81 64.53 1.209 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 0 88.72 73.05 81.28 88.72 1.65 73.03 63.82 62.70 73.03 1.36 63.35 58.96 57.83 63.35 1.18

10 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 0 88.76 72.95 83.08 88.76 1.65 72.79 63.86 62.74 72.79 1.35 62.19 58.99 59.78 62.19 1.1511 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 0 88.79 73.59 82.80 88.79 1.65 72.72 63.91 63.79 72.72 1.35 59.64 59.03 63.26 63.26 1.1712 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 0 88.80 73.72 80.51 88.80 1.65 72.63 63.95 65.55 72.63 1.35 56.84 59.06 65.17 65.17 1.2113 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 0 88.81 73.45 76.25 88.81 1.65 71.84 63.99 65.69 71.84 1.33 54.12 59.09 65.49 65.49 1.2214 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 0 88.82 73.90 70.57 88.82 1.65 72.56 64.02 64.24 72.56 1.35 54.19 59.11 64.19 64.19 1.1915 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 74.12 70.69 88.83 1.65 72.20 64.05 62.86 72.20 1.34 54.24 59.14 61.31 61.31 1.1416 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 73.96 70.62 88.83 1.65 72.37 64.07 62.88 72.37 1.34 54.27 59.15 58.00 59.15 1.1017 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 74.01 70.69 88.83 1.65 71.54 64.08 62.88 71.54 1.33 54.29 59.16 58.01 59.16 1.1018 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 74.06 70.72 88.83 1.65 71.42 64.08 62.89 71.42 1.33 54.29 59.16 58.01 59.16 1.1019 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 74.13 70.75 88.83 1.65 71.98 64.07 62.88 71.98 1.34 54.28 59.15 58.01 59.15 1.1020 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 74.13 70.69 88.83 1.65 71.52 64.06 62.87 71.52 1.33 54.25 61.27 58.00 61.27 1.1421 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 0 88.83 75.33 70.38 88.83 1.65 71.62 65.60 62.86 71.62 1.33 54.21 65.20 57.98 65.20 1.2122 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.37 125.63 72.68 125.63 2.33 71.83 89.75 66.04 89.75 1.67 54.25 76.64 61.00 76.64 1.4223 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.61 125.70 72.98 125.70 2.33 72.55 89.70 66.06 89.70 1.66 54.19 76.15 61.02 76.15 1.4124 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 123.29 87.68 86.13 123.29 2.29 90.01 71.95 66.08 90.01 1.67 68.61 60.77 61.03 68.61 1.2725 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 123.30 87.67 86.13 123.30 2.29 90.45 72.12 66.11 90.45 1.68 71.27 59.09 61.04 71.27 1.3226 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.50 126.22 73.32 126.22 2.34 90.35 72.12 66.12 90.35 1.68 73.55 56.51 61.05 73.55 1.3627 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.36 126.19 73.29 126.19 2.34 72.53 89.73 66.14 89.73 1.67 62.41 67.20 61.05 67.20 1.2528 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.14 126.14 73.48 126.14 2.34 72.99 89.35 66.15 89.35 1.66 63.67 64.71 61.04 64.71 1.2029 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.77 126.19 73.45 126.19 2.34 72.71 89.35 66.15 89.35 1.66 64.56 62.69 61.04 64.56 1.2030 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.26 126.18 74.22 126.18 2.34 72.93 89.22 66.15 89.22 1.66 64.92 59.94 61.02 64.92 1.2031 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.61 126.08 74.93 126.08 2.34 72.38 89.49 66.15 89.49 1.66 63.72 59.45 61.01 63.72 1.1832 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.91 126.12 75.98 126.12 2.34 72.70 89.39 66.14 89.39 1.66 62.84 59.45 60.99 62.84 1.1733 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.25 126.06 78.61 126.06 2.34 72.08 89.24 66.12 89.24 1.66 59.91 59.43 61.98 61.98 1.1534 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 84.93 126.00 79.32 126.00 2.34 72.07 89.26 66.29 89.26 1.66 57.90 59.40 65.86 65.86 1.2235 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.05 126.01 78.05 126.01 2.34 72.28 89.42 68.42 89.42 1.66 55.32 59.77 68.13 68.13 1.2636 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.36 125.94 74.86 125.94 2.34 72.48 89.52 68.87 89.52 1.66 54.27 63.11 68.72 68.72 1.2837 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.76 125.84 72.66 125.84 2.34 72.73 89.37 67.65 89.37 1.66 54.30 67.18 67.62 67.62 1.2538 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.15 125.85 72.42 125.85 2.34 72.14 89.23 65.99 89.23 1.66 54.32 70.00 64.85 70.00 1.3039 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.37 125.84 72.49 125.84 2.34 72.09 89.10 65.99 89.10 1.65 54.32 71.35 60.96 71.35 1.3240 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.77 125.71 72.55 125.71 2.33 71.95 89.36 66.02 89.36 1.66 54.31 72.97 60.99 72.97 1.3541 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.05 125.74 72.63 125.74 2.33 72.18 89.61 66.04 89.61 1.66 54.28 76.48 61.01 76.48 1.4242 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.33 125.63 72.68 125.63 2.33 71.84 89.73 66.06 89.73 1.67 54.23 76.62 61.03 76.62 1.4243 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 5 87.84 75.43 71.76 87.84 1.63 67.17 66.01 78.05 78.05 1.45 57.11 65.17 82.86 82.86 1.5444 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 5 87.84 76.95 71.10 87.84 1.63 67.21 67.82 77.51 77.51 1.44 57.10 67.51 82.13 82.13 1.5245 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 5 87.84 76.64 71.97 87.84 1.63 67.25 68.39 76.81 76.81 1.43 57.09 68.18 81.16 81.16 1.5146 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 5 87.84 74.32 73.29 87.84 1.63 67.30 67.28 75.95 75.95 1.41 57.08 67.17 79.94 79.94 1.4847 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 5 87.83 71.81 73.01 87.83 1.63 67.36 64.55 74.92 74.92 1.39 57.05 64.51 79.29 79.29 1.4748 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 5 87.83 72.56 73.79 87.83 1.63 67.70 60.41 74.99 74.99 1.39 57.06 60.25 79.60 79.60 1.4849 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 5 87.79 72.26 75.72 87.79 1.63 67.64 61.04 75.33 75.33 1.40 57.08 55.91 79.95 79.95 1.4850 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 5 87.80 71.99 77.79 87.80 1.63 67.57 61.72 75.70 75.70 1.40 57.09 56.78 80.35 80.35 1.4951 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 5 87.80 72.51 81.59 87.80 1.63 67.51 62.45 76.10 76.10 1.41 57.11 57.73 80.77 80.77 1.5052 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 5 87.80 72.37 83.37 87.80 1.63 67.45 63.20 76.52 76.52 1.42 57.12 58.75 81.21 81.21 1.5153 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 72.09 83.07 87.81 1.63 67.39 63.97 76.93 76.93 1.43 57.13 59.79 81.67 81.67 1.5254 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 72.23 80.75 87.81 1.63 67.33 64.72 77.34 77.34 1.44 57.15 60.84 82.13 82.13 1.5255 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 72.22 76.45 87.81 1.63 67.29 65.43 77.73 77.73 1.44 57.16 61.86 82.57 82.57 1.5356 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 72.05 71.11 87.81 1.63 67.25 66.07 78.07 78.07 1.45 57.17 62.80 82.98 82.98 1.5457 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 72.19 71.17 87.81 1.63 67.21 66.61 78.37 78.37 1.45 57.17 63.61 83.32 83.32 1.5558 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 72.01 71.10 87.81 1.63 67.19 67.01 78.59 78.59 1.46 57.18 64.24 83.59 83.59 1.5559 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 5 87.82 72.01 71.10 87.82 1.63 67.18 67.26 78.72 78.72 1.46 57.18 64.62 83.76 83.76 1.5560 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 5 87.82 72.04 71.12 87.82 1.63 67.18 67.31 78.75 78.75 1.46 57.18 64.70 83.79 83.79 1.5561 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 5 87.82 72.12 71.16 87.82 1.63 67.18 67.13 78.65 78.65 1.46 57.18 64.41 83.66 83.66 1.5562 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 72.19 71.27 87.81 1.63 67.20 66.71 78.42 78.42 1.46 57.18 63.69 83.36 83.36 1.5563 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 5 87.81 75.48 71.73 87.81 1.63 67.23 66.01 78.04 78.04 1.45 57.17 65.20 82.85 82.85 1.5464 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.98 124.12 72.81 124.12 2.30 71.00 78.31 71.75 78.31 1.45 84.20 54.10 72.30 84.20 1.5665 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 85.01 124.14 72.62 124.14 2.30 71.53 78.44 71.89 78.44 1.46 84.64 53.93 72.47 84.64 1.5766 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 124.87 87.85 85.20 124.87 2.32 99.31 62.95 71.98 99.31 1.84 86.62 53.87 72.59 86.62 1.6167 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 124.89 87.88 85.22 124.89 2.32 99.30 62.85 72.02 99.30 1.84 86.08 53.80 72.66 86.08 1.6068 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.15 124.16 72.91 124.16 2.30 99.67 62.78 72.00 99.67 1.85 86.24 53.79 72.64 86.24 1.6069 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.17 124.14 73.76 124.14 2.30 71.22 78.20 71.90 78.20 1.45 85.95 53.86 72.52 85.95 1.6070 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.20 124.13 74.24 124.13 2.30 71.14 78.11 71.71 78.11 1.45 58.41 55.60 72.27 72.27 1.3471 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.25 124.12 73.09 124.12 2.30 71.09 78.13 71.42 78.13 1.45 57.61 54.20 71.85 71.85 1.3372 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.31 124.12 74.70 124.12 2.30 71.08 78.18 71.02 78.18 1.45 56.49 55.21 71.23 71.23 1.3273 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.31 124.12 75.44 124.12 2.30 71.10 78.24 70.49 78.24 1.45 55.32 56.17 70.79 70.79 1.3174 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.32 124.13 76.10 124.13 2.30 71.13 78.31 70.11 78.31 1.45 54.13 56.87 70.81 70.81 1.3175 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.36 124.15 78.74 124.15 2.30 71.18 78.27 70.18 78.27 1.45 54.17 57.34 70.89 70.89 1.3276 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.45 124.13 79.46 124.13 2.30 71.22 78.13 70.32 78.13 1.45 54.20 57.63 70.99 70.99 1.3277 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.55 124.11 78.21 124.11 2.30 71.24 78.06 70.48 78.06 1.45 54.21 57.78 71.10 71.10 1.3278 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.58 124.09 75.02 124.09 2.30 71.23 78.06 70.65 78.06 1.45 54.21 57.76 71.24 71.24 1.3279 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.60 124.07 73.02 124.07 2.30 71.19 78.16 70.83 78.16 1.45 54.19 57.60 71.39 71.39 1.3280 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.67 124.05 72.64 124.05 2.30 71.09 78.32 71.02 78.32 1.45 54.16 57.26 71.56 71.56 1.3381 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.76 124.03 72.89 124.03 2.30 70.93 78.16 71.22 78.16 1.45 79.61 55.44 71.74 79.61 1.4882 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.84 124.02 72.92 124.02 2.30 70.70 77.95 71.41 77.95 1.45 80.13 55.48 71.93 80.13 1.4983 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.91 124.06 72.88 124.06 2.30 70.49 78.32 71.59 78.32 1.45 82.97 54.50 72.12 82.97 1.5484 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.95 124.11 72.83 124.11 2.30 70.94 78.32 71.75 78.32 1.45 84.38 54.10 72.31 84.38 1.5785 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 10 86.68 75.57 74.08 86.68 1.61 58.36 69.15 86.10 86.10 1.60 53.79 68.39 91.60 91.60 1.7086 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 10 86.69 77.14 73.32 86.69 1.61 58.37 67.82 85.52 85.52 1.59 53.79 67.51 91.02 91.02 1.6987 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 10 86.70 76.86 73.92 86.70 1.61 58.39 68.39 84.74 84.74 1.57 53.81 68.18 90.72 90.72 1.6888 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 10 86.69 74.57 75.13 86.69 1.61 58.36 67.28 84.29 84.29 1.56 53.81 67.17 90.71 90.71 1.6889 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 10 86.69 71.23 74.73 86.69 1.61 58.37 64.55 84.37 84.37 1.57 53.81 65.11 90.71 90.71 1.6890 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 10 86.69 71.79 74.98 86.69 1.61 58.39 64.80 84.51 84.51 1.57 53.81 65.36 90.76 90.76 1.6891 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 10 86.65 71.68 76.83 86.65 1.61 58.40 65.24 84.67 84.67 1.57 53.81 65.66 90.85 90.85 1.6992 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 10 86.66 71.19 78.09 86.66 1.61 58.41 65.74 84.85 84.85 1.57 53.81 66.03 90.95 90.95 1.6993 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 10 86.66 72.17 81.88 86.66 1.61 58.42 66.31 85.06 85.06 1.58 53.81 66.47 91.07 91.07 1.6994 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 10 86.66 72.25 83.65 86.66 1.61 58.43 66.94 85.29 85.29 1.58 53.81 66.98 91.20 91.20 1.6995 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 10 86.66 71.71 83.33 86.66 1.61 58.44 67.62 85.53 85.53 1.59 53.81 67.55 91.35 91.35 1.7096 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 10 86.67 72.33 80.99 86.67 1.61 58.45 68.32 85.78 85.78 1.59 53.81 68.17 91.52 91.52 1.7097 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 10 86.65 72.56 76.66 86.65 1.61 58.46 69.02 86.03 86.03 1.60 53.81 68.83 91.68 91.68 1.7098 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 10 86.64 72.29 72.96 86.64 1.61 58.45 69.70 86.27 86.27 1.60 53.81 69.50 91.85 91.85 1.7099 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 10 86.64 72.09 73.29 86.64 1.61 58.44 70.31 86.49 86.49 1.60 53.81 70.13 92.01 92.01 1.71100 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 10 86.65 72.41 73.54 86.65 1.61 58.44 70.79 86.66 86.66 1.61 53.81 70.67 92.14 92.14 1.71101 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 10 86.65 72.35 73.32 86.65 1.61 58.43 71.09 86.76 86.76 1.61 53.81 71.02 92.22 92.22 1.71102 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 10 86.65 72.24 73.23 86.65 1.61 58.43 71.16 86.78 86.78 1.61 53.81 71.10 92.24 92.24 1.71103 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 10 86.65 72.28 73.02 86.65 1.61 58.43 70.91 86.70 86.70 1.61 53.81 70.77 92.16 92.16 1.71104 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 10 86.64 72.28 73.65 86.64 1.61 58.44 70.28 86.47 86.47 1.60 53.81 69.92 91.96 91.96 1.71

Simulation 1

Variables Line Length=100km Line Length=10km Line Length=0.2km

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 1


105 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 10 86.64 75.63 74.04 86.64 1.61 58.45 69.16 86.09 86.09 1.60 53.81 68.41 91.58 91.58 1.70106 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.44 122.26 73.57 122.26 2.27 68.17 75.40 75.22 75.40 1.40 82.57 53.96 76.79 82.57 1.53107 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.44 122.30 73.17 122.30 2.27 68.48 75.31 75.30 75.31 1.40 83.98 53.90 76.83 83.98 1.56108 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 126.61 87.83 84.01 126.61 2.35 99.95 53.80 75.36 99.95 1.85 82.93 53.84 76.88 82.93 1.54109 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 126.59 87.83 84.02 126.59 2.35 100.71 53.81 75.39 100.71 1.87 85.57 53.78 76.90 85.57 1.59110 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.33 122.22 72.92 122.22 2.27 68.04 75.28 75.37 75.37 1.40 84.43 53.81 76.89 84.43 1.57111 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.33 122.21 74.39 122.21 2.27 67.94 75.25 75.28 75.28 1.40 56.31 59.17 76.83 76.83 1.43112 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.32 122.22 74.94 122.22 2.27 67.89 75.24 75.09 75.24 1.40 54.01 56.52 76.68 76.68 1.42113 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.31 122.22 73.72 122.22 2.27 67.86 75.26 74.79 75.26 1.40 53.96 57.17 76.58 76.58 1.42114 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.30 122.23 75.17 122.23 2.27 67.87 75.31 74.51 75.31 1.40 54.03 57.91 76.59 76.59 1.42115 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.30 122.23 75.91 122.23 2.27 67.90 75.37 74.53 75.37 1.40 54.09 58.52 76.59 76.59 1.42116 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.29 122.23 76.22 122.23 2.27 67.95 75.21 74.54 75.21 1.40 54.14 58.88 76.59 76.59 1.42117 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.29 122.24 78.87 122.24 2.27 68.00 75.06 74.56 75.06 1.39 54.18 59.00 76.59 76.59 1.42118 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.29 122.24 79.61 122.24 2.27 68.05 74.94 74.61 74.94 1.39 54.20 59.11 76.60 76.60 1.42119 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.31 122.23 78.35 122.23 2.27 68.08 74.88 74.66 74.88 1.39 54.21 59.23 76.60 76.60 1.42120 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.33 122.23 75.17 122.23 2.27 68.07 74.89 74.72 74.89 1.39 54.21 59.19 76.60 76.60 1.42121 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.35 122.22 73.48 122.22 2.27 68.03 74.97 74.79 74.97 1.39 54.20 59.18 76.61 76.61 1.42122 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.36 122.22 73.16 122.22 2.27 67.92 75.15 74.86 75.15 1.39 54.17 59.00 76.63 76.63 1.42123 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.38 122.21 73.47 122.21 2.27 67.76 75.27 74.95 75.27 1.40 54.13 58.79 76.66 76.66 1.42124 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.40 122.20 73.53 122.20 2.27 67.52 75.03 75.04 75.04 1.39 54.08 58.33 76.70 76.70 1.42125 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.41 122.22 73.51 122.22 2.27 67.68 75.16 75.13 75.16 1.39 54.01 57.77 76.74 76.74 1.42126 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.41 122.25 73.58 122.25 2.27 68.11 75.40 75.22 75.40 1.40 82.56 53.96 76.79 82.56 1.53127 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 15 85.28 75.72 76.16 85.28 1.58 53.79 72.39 90.36 90.36 1.68 53.78 73.59 94.85 94.85 1.76128 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 15 85.29 77.32 75.33 85.29 1.58 53.79 70.53 89.88 89.88 1.67 53.80 73.12 94.82 94.82 1.76129 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 15 85.29 77.07 75.75 85.29 1.58 53.78 69.73 89.73 89.73 1.67 53.80 73.12 94.82 94.82 1.76130 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 15 85.30 74.81 76.82 85.30 1.58 53.78 69.83 89.73 89.73 1.67 53.80 73.12 94.82 94.82 1.76131 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 15 85.31 70.81 76.31 85.31 1.58 53.79 69.97 89.74 89.74 1.67 53.80 73.17 94.82 94.82 1.76132 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 15 85.29 71.34 76.12 85.29 1.58 53.79 70.16 89.78 89.78 1.67 53.80 73.24 94.82 94.82 1.76133 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 15 85.29 71.41 77.89 85.29 1.58 53.79 70.38 89.83 89.83 1.67 53.80 73.34 94.82 94.82 1.76134 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 15 85.28 70.75 78.39 85.28 1.58 53.79 70.66 89.91 89.91 1.67 53.80 73.47 94.82 94.82 1.76135 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 15 85.27 72.00 82.17 85.27 1.58 53.79 70.99 89.99 89.99 1.67 53.80 73.63 94.82 94.82 1.76136 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 15 85.27 72.31 83.93 85.27 1.58 53.79 71.38 90.09 90.09 1.67 53.80 73.83 94.85 94.85 1.76137 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 15 85.26 71.86 83.59 85.26 1.58 53.79 71.82 90.20 90.20 1.67 53.80 74.07 94.89 94.89 1.76138 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 15 85.25 72.48 81.22 85.25 1.58 53.79 72.30 90.32 90.32 1.68 53.80 74.36 94.94 94.94 1.76139 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 15 85.25 72.95 76.86 85.25 1.58 53.80 72.81 90.45 90.45 1.68 53.80 74.69 94.99 94.99 1.76140 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 72.71 75.09 85.24 1.58 53.80 73.33 90.58 90.58 1.68 53.80 75.06 95.05 95.05 1.76141 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 72.49 75.44 85.24 1.58 53.80 73.82 90.70 90.70 1.68 53.80 75.43 95.11 95.11 1.76142 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 73.00 75.73 85.24 1.58 53.80 74.24 90.80 90.80 1.68 53.80 75.77 95.16 95.16 1.77143 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 72.92 75.55 85.24 1.58 53.80 74.52 90.87 90.87 1.69 53.80 76.02 95.20 95.20 1.77144 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 72.83 75.47 85.24 1.58 53.80 74.58 90.88 90.88 1.69 53.80 76.07 95.20 95.20 1.77145 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 72.89 75.25 85.24 1.58 53.80 74.32 90.82 90.82 1.69 53.80 75.80 95.16 95.16 1.77146 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 72.53 75.80 85.24 1.58 53.80 73.64 90.65 90.65 1.68 53.80 75.05 95.05 95.05 1.76147 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 15 85.24 75.77 76.12 85.24 1.58 53.80 72.41 90.35 90.35 1.68 53.80 73.61 94.83 94.83 1.76148 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.46 120.57 74.26 120.57 2.24 65.66 76.44 77.18 77.18 1.43 53.97 57.98 78.58 78.58 1.46149 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.48 120.56 73.85 120.56 2.24 65.46 76.15 77.21 77.21 1.43 53.89 60.39 78.58 78.58 1.46150 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 128.02 86.10 83.67 128.02 2.38 65.39 76.55 77.24 77.24 1.43 81.51 53.83 78.58 81.51 1.51151 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 128.05 86.09 83.67 128.05 2.38 99.28 53.80 77.25 99.28 1.84 82.28 53.77 78.59 82.28 1.53152 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.42 120.57 73.61 120.57 2.24 65.06 76.32 77.23 77.23 1.43 56.20 62.04 78.59 78.59 1.46153 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.41 120.58 74.98 120.58 2.24 64.98 76.27 77.16 77.16 1.43 53.80 61.25 78.58 78.58 1.46154 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.40 120.59 75.57 120.59 2.24 64.95 76.26 77.03 77.03 1.43 53.88 60.00 78.57 78.57 1.46155 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.39 120.60 74.38 120.60 2.24 64.95 76.28 76.97 76.97 1.43 53.96 58.03 78.57 78.57 1.46156 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.38 120.60 75.60 120.60 2.24 64.98 76.33 76.98 76.98 1.43 54.03 58.49 78.58 78.58 1.46157 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.37 120.61 76.36 120.61 2.24 65.04 76.23 77.00 77.00 1.43 54.09 58.93 78.58 78.58 1.46158 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.36 120.62 76.34 120.62 2.24 65.11 76.08 77.01 77.01 1.43 54.14 59.03 78.58 78.58 1.46159 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.36 120.62 79.00 120.62 2.24 65.18 75.94 77.02 77.02 1.43 54.18 59.10 78.58 78.58 1.46160 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.36 120.62 79.74 120.62 2.24 65.24 75.85 77.02 77.02 1.43 54.21 59.13 78.58 78.58 1.46161 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.37 120.62 78.50 120.62 2.24 65.27 75.79 77.02 77.02 1.43 54.22 59.07 78.58 78.58 1.46162 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.38 120.62 75.31 120.62 2.24 65.27 75.80 77.02 77.02 1.43 54.22 59.02 78.58 78.58 1.46163 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.39 120.62 73.98 120.62 2.24 65.21 75.87 77.04 77.04 1.43 54.20 59.05 78.58 78.58 1.46164 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.39 120.61 73.70 120.61 2.24 65.09 76.02 77.06 77.06 1.43 54.17 59.12 78.58 78.58 1.46165 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.40 120.61 74.08 120.61 2.24 64.89 76.26 77.09 77.09 1.43 54.13 58.91 78.58 78.58 1.46166 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.40 120.60 74.12 120.60 2.24 64.89 76.01 77.11 77.11 1.43 54.08 58.97 78.58 78.58 1.46167 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.41 120.59 74.10 120.59 2.24 65.22 76.03 77.15 77.15 1.43 54.02 58.33 78.58 78.58 1.46168 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.43 120.57 74.27 120.57 2.24 65.62 76.45 77.18 77.18 1.43 53.95 57.95 78.57 78.57 1.46169 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 20 83.70 75.89 78.03 83.70 1.55 53.79 75.28 92.69 92.69 1.72 53.80 78.25 96.20 96.20 1.79170 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 20 83.71 77.50 77.13 83.71 1.55 53.78 74.41 92.59 92.59 1.72 53.80 78.25 96.19 96.19 1.79171 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 20 83.71 77.28 77.48 83.71 1.55 53.78 74.41 92.59 92.59 1.72 53.80 78.25 96.19 96.19 1.79172 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 20 83.71 75.05 78.39 83.71 1.55 53.78 74.44 92.60 92.60 1.72 53.80 78.25 96.19 96.19 1.79173 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 20 83.72 70.99 77.76 83.72 1.55 53.78 74.50 92.60 92.60 1.72 53.80 78.25 96.19 96.19 1.79174 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 20 83.69 71.13 77.24 83.69 1.55 53.79 74.58 92.60 92.60 1.72 53.79 78.25 96.19 96.19 1.79175 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 20 83.69 71.36 78.92 83.69 1.55 53.79 74.68 92.60 92.60 1.72 53.79 78.27 96.19 96.19 1.79176 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 20 83.68 70.79 78.72 83.68 1.55 53.79 74.82 92.60 92.60 1.72 53.79 78.31 96.19 96.19 1.79177 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 20 83.68 71.98 82.46 83.68 1.55 53.79 75.00 92.62 92.62 1.72 53.79 78.37 96.19 96.19 1.78178 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 20 83.68 72.49 84.20 84.20 1.56 53.79 75.21 92.66 92.66 1.72 53.79 78.44 96.19 96.19 1.78179 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 20 83.68 72.11 83.84 83.84 1.56 53.79 75.47 92.71 92.71 1.72 53.79 78.54 96.19 96.19 1.78180 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 72.69 81.44 83.67 1.55 53.79 75.76 92.76 92.76 1.72 53.79 78.67 96.19 96.19 1.78181 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 73.37 77.43 83.67 1.55 53.79 76.10 92.82 92.82 1.72 53.79 78.83 96.19 96.19 1.78182 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 73.16 77.01 83.67 1.55 53.79 76.46 92.88 92.88 1.72 53.79 79.01 96.19 96.19 1.78183 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 72.88 77.38 83.67 1.55 53.79 76.82 92.95 92.95 1.72 53.79 79.21 96.21 96.21 1.79184 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 73.57 77.69 83.67 1.55 53.79 77.14 93.00 93.00 1.73 53.79 79.42 96.23 96.23 1.79185 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 73.48 77.54 83.67 1.55 53.79 77.36 93.04 93.04 1.73 53.79 79.57 96.24 96.24 1.79186 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 73.41 77.47 83.67 1.55 53.79 77.41 93.05 93.05 1.73 53.79 79.61 96.25 96.25 1.79187 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 73.49 77.24 83.67 1.55 53.79 77.18 93.01 93.01 1.73 53.79 79.41 96.23 96.23 1.79188 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 73.00 77.74 83.67 1.55 53.79 76.53 92.90 92.90 1.72 53.79 78.79 96.19 96.19 1.78189 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 20 83.67 75.95 77.99 83.67 1.55 53.79 75.30 92.68 92.68 1.72 53.78 78.26 96.19 96.19 1.78190 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.88 119.08 74.89 119.08 2.21 63.43 77.78 78.32 78.32 1.45 53.97 60.45 79.42 79.42 1.47191 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.89 119.07 74.47 119.07 2.21 62.94 78.22 78.33 78.33 1.45 53.89 62.33 79.42 79.42 1.47192 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 129.20 82.86 83.61 129.20 2.40 63.31 78.00 78.33 78.33 1.45 83.90 53.82 79.42 83.90 1.56193 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 129.18 82.84 83.60 129.18 2.40 98.03 53.80 78.33 98.03 1.82 81.47 53.77 79.41 81.47 1.51194 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.07 74.28 119.07 2.21 63.01 78.20 78.32 78.32 1.45 55.68 64.74 79.42 79.42 1.47195 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.08 75.51 119.08 2.21 62.96 78.09 78.27 78.27 1.45 53.80 63.88 79.41 79.41 1.47196 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.09 76.14 119.09 2.21 62.90 77.96 78.27 78.27 1.45 53.89 62.89 79.41 79.41 1.47197 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.10 74.98 119.10 2.21 62.83 77.82 78.28 78.28 1.45 53.97 59.55 79.41 79.41 1.47198 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.11 76.00 119.11 2.21 62.75 77.67 78.30 78.30 1.45 54.04 58.52 79.41 79.41 1.47199 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.12 76.78 119.12 2.21 62.74 77.52 78.31 78.31 1.45 54.10 58.99 79.42 79.42 1.47200 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.12 76.45 119.12 2.21 62.85 77.44 78.33 78.33 1.45 54.15 58.74 79.42 79.42 1.47201 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.82 119.13 79.13 119.13 2.21 62.94 77.53 78.33 78.33 1.45 54.18 58.94 79.42 79.42 1.47202 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.83 119.12 79.88 119.12 2.21 63.02 77.60 78.34 78.34 1.45 54.21 58.75 79.42 79.42 1.47203 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.83 119.12 78.64 119.12 2.21 63.07 77.64 78.34 78.34 1.45 54.22 58.61 79.42 79.42 1.47204 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.83 119.12 75.45 119.12 2.21 63.06 77.63 78.34 78.34 1.45 54.22 58.54 79.42 79.42 1.47205 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.84 119.13 74.50 119.13 2.21 62.99 77.57 78.34 78.34 1.45 54.20 58.55 79.42 79.42 1.47206 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.84 119.12 74.24 119.12 2.21 62.84 77.44 78.33 78.33 1.45 54.18 58.94 79.42 79.42 1.47207 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.85 119.12 74.67 119.12 2.21 62.69 77.54 78.32 78.32 1.45 54.14 58.96 79.42 79.42 1.47208 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.85 119.11 74.69 119.11 2.21 62.86 77.81 78.31 78.31 1.45 54.09 58.61 79.42 79.42 1.47

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 1


209 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.86 119.09 74.66 119.09 2.21 63.11 77.91 78.31 78.31 1.45 54.02 58.79 79.41 79.41 1.47210 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.86 119.08 74.91 119.08 2.21 63.40 77.77 78.32 78.32 1.45 53.95 60.54 79.41 79.41 1.47211 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 25 81.94 76.08 79.71 81.94 1.52 53.78 77.89 94.08 94.08 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79212 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 25 81.94 77.68 78.74 81.94 1.52 53.78 77.89 94.08 94.08 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79213 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 25 81.94 77.49 79.09 81.94 1.52 53.78 77.89 94.08 94.08 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79214 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 25 81.94 75.28 79.83 81.94 1.52 53.78 77.88 94.08 94.08 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79215 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 71.24 79.09 81.91 1.52 53.78 77.89 94.08 94.08 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79216 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 71.13 78.31 81.91 1.52 53.79 77.92 94.08 94.08 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79217 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 71.50 79.90 81.91 1.52 53.79 77.97 94.08 94.08 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79218 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 70.99 79.60 81.91 1.52 53.79 78.03 94.09 94.09 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79219 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 72.08 82.73 82.73 1.54 53.79 78.12 94.09 94.09 1.75 53.79 81.50 96.59 96.59 1.79220 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 72.77 84.46 84.46 1.57 53.79 78.23 94.09 94.09 1.75 53.79 81.52 96.58 96.58 1.79221 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 72.43 84.09 84.09 1.56 53.79 78.38 94.09 94.09 1.75 53.79 81.56 96.58 96.58 1.79222 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 25 81.91 72.93 81.66 81.91 1.52 53.79 78.55 94.09 94.09 1.75 53.79 81.62 96.58 96.58 1.79223 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 73.81 79.12 81.92 1.52 53.79 78.76 94.11 94.11 1.75 53.79 81.69 96.58 96.58 1.79224 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 73.63 78.74 81.92 1.52 53.79 79.00 94.14 94.14 1.75 53.79 81.78 96.58 96.58 1.79225 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 73.27 79.13 81.92 1.52 53.79 79.25 94.17 94.17 1.75 53.79 81.89 96.58 96.58 1.79226 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 74.12 79.44 81.92 1.52 53.79 79.48 94.20 94.20 1.75 53.79 82.01 96.58 96.58 1.79227 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 74.04 79.31 81.92 1.52 53.79 79.66 94.22 94.22 1.75 53.79 82.10 96.58 96.58 1.79228 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 73.98 79.25 81.92 1.52 53.79 79.70 94.23 94.23 1.75 53.79 82.13 96.58 96.58 1.79229 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 74.07 79.03 81.92 1.52 53.79 79.49 94.20 94.20 1.75 53.79 81.98 96.58 96.58 1.79230 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 73.45 79.48 81.92 1.52 53.79 78.90 94.13 94.13 1.75 53.77 81.51 96.58 96.58 1.79231 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 25 81.92 76.13 79.67 81.92 1.52 53.80 77.88 94.09 94.09 1.75 53.77 81.51 96.58 96.58 1.79232 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.55 117.74 75.48 117.74 2.18 64.20 79.53 79.04 79.53 1.48 53.97 62.04 79.84 79.84 1.48233 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.56 117.72 75.05 117.72 2.18 64.83 79.59 79.02 79.59 1.48 53.89 65.21 79.84 79.84 1.48234 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 130.27 79.25 81.57 130.27 2.42 65.10 79.72 79.01 79.72 1.48 53.81 65.68 79.84 79.84 1.48235 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 130.30 79.23 81.59 130.30 2.42 96.72 53.80 79.00 96.72 1.79 82.87 53.77 79.83 82.87 1.54236 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.51 117.73 74.88 117.73 2.18 64.76 79.91 78.99 79.91 1.48 55.07 66.76 79.84 79.84 1.48237 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.50 117.74 76.00 117.74 2.18 64.68 79.81 79.00 79.81 1.48 53.81 65.50 79.84 79.84 1.48238 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.50 117.75 76.66 117.75 2.18 64.56 79.69 79.02 79.69 1.48 53.89 64.24 79.83 79.83 1.48239 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.50 117.76 75.52 117.76 2.19 64.41 79.56 79.03 79.56 1.48 53.97 61.72 79.83 79.83 1.48240 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.49 117.77 76.38 117.77 2.19 64.24 79.43 79.05 79.43 1.47 54.04 59.85 79.83 79.83 1.48241 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.49 117.77 77.18 117.77 2.19 64.07 79.30 79.06 79.30 1.47 54.10 58.52 79.84 79.84 1.48242 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.49 117.78 76.57 117.78 2.19 63.90 79.18 79.08 79.18 1.47 54.15 58.59 79.84 79.84 1.48243 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.49 117.79 79.25 117.79 2.19 63.75 79.08 79.08 79.08 1.47 54.19 58.63 79.84 79.84 1.48244 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.49 117.79 80.01 117.79 2.19 63.70 79.00 79.09 79.09 1.47 54.21 58.45 79.84 79.84 1.48245 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.49 117.79 78.78 117.79 2.19 63.64 78.96 79.09 79.09 1.47 54.22 58.30 79.84 79.84 1.48246 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.49 117.79 75.59 117.79 2.19 63.65 78.97 79.09 79.09 1.47 54.22 58.22 79.84 79.84 1.48247 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.50 117.79 75.02 117.79 2.19 63.68 79.02 79.09 79.09 1.47 54.21 58.22 79.84 79.84 1.48248 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.50 117.78 74.78 117.78 2.19 63.86 79.13 79.08 79.13 1.47 54.18 58.60 79.84 79.84 1.48249 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.50 117.78 75.25 117.78 2.19 64.15 79.30 79.07 79.30 1.47 54.14 58.34 79.84 79.84 1.48250 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.51 117.77 75.24 117.77 2.19 64.56 79.53 79.06 79.53 1.48 54.09 58.60 79.84 79.84 1.48251 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.52 117.75 75.19 117.75 2.19 64.60 79.23 79.04 79.23 1.47 54.03 59.81 79.83 79.83 1.48252 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.52 117.74 75.49 117.74 2.18 64.19 79.52 79.02 79.52 1.48 53.96 62.02 79.83 79.83 1.48253 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 30 80.07 76.26 81.22 81.22 1.51 53.78 80.44 94.85 94.85 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79254 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 30 80.07 77.90 80.18 80.18 1.49 53.78 80.44 94.85 94.85 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79255 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 30 80.07 77.69 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 80.44 94.85 94.85 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79256 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 30 80.07 75.51 81.16 81.16 1.51 53.78 80.44 94.85 94.85 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79257 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 30 80.05 71.49 80.32 80.32 1.49 53.78 80.44 94.85 94.85 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79258 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 71.28 79.34 80.04 1.49 53.79 80.43 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79259 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 71.77 80.84 80.84 1.50 53.79 80.43 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79260 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 71.31 80.44 80.44 1.49 53.79 80.46 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79261 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 72.27 83.00 83.00 1.54 53.79 80.51 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79262 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 73.11 84.72 84.72 1.57 53.79 80.57 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79263 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 72.82 84.33 84.33 1.56 53.79 80.65 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.67 96.61 96.61 1.79264 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 73.22 81.88 81.88 1.52 53.79 80.75 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.68 96.61 96.61 1.79265 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 74.26 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 80.87 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.71 96.61 96.61 1.79266 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 74.13 80.30 80.30 1.49 53.79 81.03 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.76 96.61 96.61 1.79267 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 73.66 80.70 80.70 1.50 53.79 81.19 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.82 96.61 96.61 1.79268 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 74.66 81.01 81.01 1.50 53.79 81.36 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.88 96.61 96.61 1.79269 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 74.60 80.88 80.88 1.50 53.79 81.49 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.94 96.61 96.61 1.79270 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 74.56 80.83 80.83 1.50 53.79 81.52 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.96 96.61 96.61 1.79271 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 74.64 80.63 80.63 1.50 53.79 81.35 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 83.85 96.61 96.61 1.79272 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 73.89 81.04 81.04 1.50 53.79 80.83 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.77 83.68 96.61 96.61 1.79273 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 30 80.04 76.32 81.17 81.17 1.51 53.79 80.43 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.77 83.68 96.61 96.61 1.79274 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.45 116.67 76.01 116.67 2.17 62.36 80.89 79.50 80.89 1.50 53.98 63.76 80.08 80.08 1.49275 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.46 116.70 75.57 116.70 2.17 62.25 81.07 79.48 81.07 1.50 53.90 65.85 80.08 80.08 1.49276 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 131.01 76.13 81.09 131.01 2.43 62.36 81.08 79.47 81.08 1.50 53.81 67.19 80.08 80.08 1.49277 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 130.99 76.12 81.11 130.99 2.43 96.07 53.80 79.45 96.07 1.78 84.30 53.77 80.07 84.30 1.56278 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.42 116.69 75.41 116.69 2.17 62.42 81.24 79.45 81.24 1.51 54.27 68.62 80.08 80.08 1.49279 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.42 116.67 76.44 116.67 2.17 62.37 81.14 79.46 81.14 1.51 53.81 67.62 80.08 80.08 1.49280 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.41 116.66 77.13 116.66 2.16 62.34 81.03 79.48 81.03 1.50 53.89 65.34 80.07 80.07 1.49281 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.39 116.64 76.00 116.64 2.16 62.31 80.92 79.49 80.92 1.50 53.97 63.16 80.07 80.07 1.49282 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.37 116.63 76.75 116.63 2.16 62.29 80.80 79.51 80.80 1.50 54.04 60.40 80.07 80.07 1.49283 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.36 116.61 77.56 116.61 2.16 62.32 80.68 79.52 80.68 1.50 54.10 57.95 80.08 80.08 1.49284 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.35 116.61 76.68 116.61 2.16 62.31 80.58 79.54 80.58 1.50 54.15 58.59 80.08 80.08 1.49285 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.34 116.61 79.37 116.61 2.16 62.32 80.49 79.54 80.49 1.49 54.19 58.19 80.08 80.08 1.49286 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.33 116.62 80.14 116.62 2.16 62.32 80.43 79.55 80.43 1.49 54.21 57.58 80.08 80.08 1.49287 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.33 116.62 78.91 116.62 2.16 62.32 80.40 79.55 80.40 1.49 54.22 57.53 80.08 80.08 1.49288 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.33 116.62 75.79 116.62 2.16 62.32 80.40 79.55 80.40 1.49 54.22 57.95 80.08 80.08 1.49289 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.33 116.62 75.52 116.62 2.16 62.31 80.45 79.55 80.45 1.49 54.21 57.77 80.08 80.08 1.49290 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.34 116.61 75.29 116.61 2.16 62.30 80.54 79.54 80.54 1.49 54.18 58.28 80.08 80.08 1.49291 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.36 116.61 75.79 116.61 2.16 62.24 80.68 79.53 80.68 1.50 54.14 58.30 80.08 80.08 1.49292 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.37 116.62 75.75 116.62 2.16 62.21 80.87 79.52 80.87 1.50 54.09 58.33 80.08 80.08 1.49293 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.39 116.64 75.67 116.64 2.16 62.35 80.67 79.50 80.67 1.50 54.03 61.36 80.07 80.07 1.49294 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.42 116.66 76.03 116.66 2.16 62.36 80.89 79.49 80.89 1.50 53.96 63.86 80.07 80.07 1.49295 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 35 78.08 76.44 82.57 82.57 1.53 53.78 82.35 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79296 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 35 78.08 78.13 81.46 81.46 1.51 53.78 82.35 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79297 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 35 78.08 77.94 81.93 81.93 1.52 53.78 82.35 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79298 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 35 78.08 75.73 82.38 82.38 1.53 53.78 82.34 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79299 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 71.73 81.43 81.43 1.51 53.78 82.34 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79300 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 71.57 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.79 82.34 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79301 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 72.15 81.73 81.73 1.52 53.79 82.34 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79302 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 71.73 81.24 81.24 1.51 53.79 82.34 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.79 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79303 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 72.54 83.27 83.27 1.55 53.79 82.34 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.78 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79304 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 73.50 84.98 84.98 1.58 53.79 82.37 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.78 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79305 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 73.26 84.56 84.56 1.57 53.79 82.41 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.78 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79306 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 73.53 82.09 82.09 1.52 53.79 82.47 95.25 95.25 1.77 53.78 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79307 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 74.71 82.03 82.03 1.52 53.79 82.55 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.78 85.20 96.50 96.50 1.79308 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 74.63 81.70 81.70 1.52 53.79 82.64 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.78 85.21 96.50 96.50 1.79309 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 74.13 82.12 82.12 1.52 53.79 82.75 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.78 85.24 96.50 96.50 1.79310 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 75.18 82.42 82.42 1.53 53.79 82.87 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.78 85.27 96.50 96.50 1.79311 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 75.15 82.29 82.29 1.53 53.79 82.97 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.78 85.31 96.50 96.50 1.79312 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 75.12 82.25 82.25 1.53 53.79 82.99 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.78 85.32 96.50 96.50 1.79

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 1


313 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 75.19 82.06 82.06 1.52 53.79 82.85 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.78 85.24 96.50 96.50 1.79314 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 74.31 82.45 82.45 1.53 53.79 82.40 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.77 85.21 96.50 96.50 1.79315 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 35 78.07 76.49 82.53 82.53 1.53 53.79 82.34 95.26 95.26 1.77 53.77 85.21 96.50 96.50 1.79316 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.16 115.82 76.50 115.82 2.15 58.21 82.21 79.80 82.21 1.53 53.98 65.04 80.23 80.23 1.49317 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.16 115.80 76.06 115.80 2.15 58.19 82.10 79.78 82.10 1.52 53.90 67.19 80.23 80.23 1.49318 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 131.67 73.65 80.75 131.67 2.44 58.52 82.39 79.77 82.39 1.53 53.81 68.46 80.23 80.23 1.49319 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 131.69 73.65 80.76 131.69 2.44 95.47 53.80 79.75 95.47 1.77 85.45 53.77 80.22 85.45 1.59320 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.13 115.80 75.89 115.80 2.15 58.18 82.23 79.75 82.23 1.53 53.78 69.27 80.23 80.23 1.49321 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.13 115.81 76.85 115.81 2.15 58.12 82.18 79.76 82.18 1.52 53.81 68.90 80.22 80.22 1.49322 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.13 115.83 77.56 115.83 2.15 58.07 82.17 79.78 82.17 1.52 53.90 66.52 80.22 80.22 1.49323 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.12 115.84 76.45 115.84 2.15 58.01 82.21 79.79 82.21 1.53 53.97 64.66 80.22 80.22 1.49324 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.12 115.84 77.09 115.84 2.15 57.99 82.11 79.81 82.11 1.52 54.04 62.16 80.22 80.22 1.49325 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.12 115.82 77.92 115.82 2.15 57.98 82.01 79.82 82.01 1.52 54.10 59.28 80.23 80.23 1.49326 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.11 115.81 76.84 115.81 2.15 57.97 81.92 79.84 81.92 1.52 54.15 57.41 80.23 80.23 1.49327 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.11 115.80 79.49 115.80 2.15 57.97 81.85 79.84 81.85 1.52 54.19 58.19 80.23 80.23 1.49328 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.11 115.80 80.27 115.80 2.15 57.97 81.79 79.85 81.79 1.52 54.21 57.67 80.23 80.23 1.49329 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.11 115.79 79.04 115.79 2.15 57.97 81.77 79.85 81.77 1.52 54.22 57.51 80.23 80.23 1.49330 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.11 115.80 76.29 115.80 2.15 57.97 81.77 79.85 81.77 1.52 54.22 57.42 80.23 80.23 1.49331 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.11 115.80 76.00 115.80 2.15 57.96 81.81 79.85 81.81 1.52 54.21 57.87 80.23 80.23 1.49332 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.12 115.81 75.79 115.81 2.15 57.96 81.88 79.84 81.88 1.52 54.18 58.03 80.23 80.23 1.49333 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.12 115.82 76.30 115.82 2.15 57.94 81.99 79.83 81.99 1.52 54.14 57.66 80.23 80.23 1.49334 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.13 115.83 76.22 115.83 2.15 57.97 81.85 79.82 81.85 1.52 54.09 60.31 80.23 80.23 1.49335 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.13 115.83 76.13 115.83 2.15 58.24 81.97 79.80 81.97 1.52 54.03 62.99 80.22 80.22 1.49336 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.14 115.82 76.52 115.82 2.15 58.28 82.20 79.79 82.20 1.53 53.96 65.03 80.22 80.22 1.49337 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 40 76.03 76.61 83.78 83.78 1.55 53.78 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.32 96.34 96.34 1.79338 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 40 76.03 78.34 82.62 82.62 1.53 53.78 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.32 96.34 96.34 1.79339 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 40 76.03 78.19 83.17 83.17 1.54 53.78 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.32 96.34 96.34 1.79340 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 40 76.03 76.01 83.50 83.50 1.55 53.78 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.32 96.34 96.34 1.79341 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 71.97 82.45 82.45 1.53 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.32 96.34 96.34 1.79342 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 71.95 81.87 81.87 1.52 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.32 96.34 96.34 1.79343 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 72.60 82.60 82.60 1.53 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.32 96.34 96.34 1.79344 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 72.22 82.00 82.00 1.52 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79345 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 72.88 83.56 83.56 1.55 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79346 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 73.94 85.22 85.22 1.58 53.79 83.79 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79347 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 73.74 84.79 84.79 1.57 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79348 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 73.87 82.99 82.99 1.54 53.79 83.83 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79349 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 75.18 83.28 83.28 1.55 53.79 83.88 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79350 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 75.14 82.98 82.98 1.54 53.79 83.94 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79351 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 74.69 83.40 83.40 1.55 53.79 84.01 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79352 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 75.68 83.68 83.68 1.55 53.79 84.09 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.33 96.33 1.79353 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 75.68 83.56 83.56 1.55 53.79 84.16 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.36 96.33 96.33 1.79354 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 75.67 83.52 83.52 1.55 53.79 84.18 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.36 96.33 96.33 1.79355 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 75.73 83.34 83.34 1.55 53.79 84.06 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.78 86.33 96.33 96.33 1.79356 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 74.84 83.72 83.72 1.55 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.77 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79357 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 40 76.01 76.67 83.74 83.74 1.55 53.79 83.80 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.77 86.33 96.34 96.34 1.79358 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.31 115.05 76.95 115.05 2.13 58.60 83.20 80.01 83.20 1.54 53.98 66.00 80.33 80.33 1.49359 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.32 115.07 76.51 115.07 2.14 59.12 83.17 79.99 83.17 1.54 53.90 68.10 80.33 80.33 1.49360 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 132.03 71.71 80.49 132.03 2.45 58.92 83.38 79.98 83.38 1.55 53.81 69.84 80.33 80.33 1.49361 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 132.03 71.71 80.50 132.03 2.45 95.22 53.80 79.96 95.22 1.77 86.38 53.77 80.32 86.38 1.60362 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.29 115.06 76.31 115.06 2.14 58.73 83.47 79.96 83.47 1.55 53.78 69.01 80.33 80.33 1.49363 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.28 115.04 77.23 115.04 2.13 58.68 83.38 79.97 83.38 1.55 53.81 69.25 80.32 80.32 1.49364 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.28 115.03 77.95 115.03 2.13 58.66 83.28 79.98 83.28 1.55 53.90 67.55 80.32 80.32 1.49365 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.27 115.02 76.85 115.02 2.13 58.66 83.19 80.00 83.19 1.54 53.97 65.56 80.32 80.32 1.49366 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.26 115.03 77.41 115.03 2.13 58.56 83.09 80.02 83.09 1.54 54.04 63.27 80.32 80.32 1.49367 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.26 115.04 78.25 115.04 2.13 58.38 83.01 80.03 83.01 1.54 54.10 60.05 80.32 80.32 1.49368 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.25 115.04 77.17 115.04 2.13 58.21 82.93 80.04 82.93 1.54 54.15 57.34 80.33 80.33 1.49369 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.25 115.05 79.61 115.05 2.13 58.07 82.87 80.05 82.87 1.54 54.19 57.12 80.33 80.33 1.49370 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.24 115.06 80.39 115.06 2.14 57.95 82.83 80.06 82.83 1.54 54.21 57.25 80.33 80.33 1.49371 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.24 115.06 79.17 115.06 2.14 57.89 82.81 80.06 82.81 1.54 54.23 57.46 80.33 80.33 1.49372 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.24 115.06 76.76 115.06 2.14 57.90 82.81 80.06 82.81 1.54 54.22 57.25 80.33 80.33 1.49373 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.25 115.05 76.46 115.05 2.14 57.99 82.84 80.06 82.84 1.54 54.21 57.43 80.33 80.33 1.49374 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.25 115.05 76.25 115.05 2.13 58.18 82.90 80.05 82.90 1.54 54.18 57.46 80.33 80.33 1.49375 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.25 115.04 76.78 115.04 2.13 58.46 82.98 80.04 82.98 1.54 54.14 58.31 80.33 80.33 1.49376 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.26 115.03 76.66 115.03 2.13 58.42 83.09 80.02 83.09 1.54 54.09 60.62 80.32 80.32 1.49377 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.27 115.01 76.55 115.01 2.13 58.28 83.02 80.01 83.02 1.54 54.03 63.81 80.32 80.32 1.49378 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 87.28 115.03 76.97 115.03 2.13 58.59 83.20 79.99 83.20 1.54 53.96 65.98 80.32 80.32 1.49379 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 76.79 84.87 84.87 1.57 53.78 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78380 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 78.56 83.66 83.66 1.55 53.78 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78381 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 78.44 84.30 84.30 1.56 53.78 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78382 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 76.29 84.53 84.53 1.57 53.78 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78383 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 72.28 83.39 83.39 1.55 53.79 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78384 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 72.42 83.13 83.13 1.54 53.79 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78385 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 73.11 83.42 83.42 1.55 53.79 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78386 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 72.77 83.07 83.07 1.54 53.79 84.94 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78387 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 73.27 83.90 83.90 1.56 53.79 84.93 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78388 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 74.41 85.50 85.50 1.59 53.79 84.93 95.51 95.51 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78389 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 74.28 85.02 85.02 1.58 53.79 84.93 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78390 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 74.23 84.15 84.15 1.56 53.79 84.93 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78391 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 75.64 84.41 84.41 1.57 53.79 84.95 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.18 96.16 96.16 1.78392 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 75.64 84.13 84.13 1.56 53.79 84.98 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78393 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 75.24 84.54 84.54 1.57 53.79 85.03 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78394 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 76.17 84.80 84.80 1.57 53.79 85.09 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78395 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 76.22 84.68 84.68 1.57 53.79 85.14 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78396 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 76.21 84.66 84.66 1.57 53.79 85.15 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78397 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 76.26 84.50 84.50 1.57 53.79 85.06 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78398 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 75.41 84.85 84.85 1.57 53.79 84.94 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.77 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78399 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 45 73.96 76.84 84.82 84.82 1.57 53.79 84.94 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.77 87.19 96.16 96.16 1.78400 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.37 114.60 77.36 114.60 2.13 60.71 82.92 80.16 82.92 1.54 53.98 67.57 80.40 80.40 1.49401 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.36 114.59 76.92 114.59 2.13 61.10 82.64 80.14 82.64 1.53 53.90 69.59 80.40 80.40 1.49402 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 132.46 70.08 80.32 132.46 2.46 61.11 82.27 80.13 82.27 1.53 53.82 70.54 80.39 80.39 1.49403 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.32 114.58 77.84 114.58 2.13 95.15 53.80 80.11 95.15 1.77 87.15 53.77 80.39 87.15 1.62404 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.59 76.70 114.59 2.13 60.67 83.11 80.10 83.11 1.54 54.97 66.61 80.40 80.40 1.49405 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.34 114.60 77.57 114.60 2.13 60.60 83.06 80.12 83.06 1.54 53.81 70.23 80.39 80.39 1.49406 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.34 114.59 78.30 114.59 2.13 60.55 83.07 80.13 83.07 1.54 53.90 69.04 80.39 80.39 1.49407 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.34 114.57 77.21 114.57 2.13 60.50 83.12 80.15 83.12 1.54 53.98 66.39 80.39 80.39 1.49408 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.56 77.72 114.56 2.13 60.46 83.21 80.16 83.21 1.54 54.04 63.89 80.39 80.39 1.49409 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.55 78.56 114.55 2.13 60.42 83.33 80.18 83.33 1.55 54.10 60.96 80.39 80.39 1.49410 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.54 77.48 114.54 2.13 60.18 83.18 80.19 83.18 1.54 54.15 58.23 80.40 80.40 1.49411 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.53 79.72 114.53 2.13 59.92 82.98 80.20 82.98 1.54 54.19 57.31 80.40 80.40 1.49412 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.53 80.51 114.53 2.13 59.72 82.83 80.21 82.83 1.54 54.21 56.98 80.40 80.40 1.49413 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.52 79.30 114.52 2.13 59.61 82.75 80.21 82.75 1.54 54.23 56.87 80.40 80.40 1.49414 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.52 77.21 114.52 2.13 59.63 82.76 80.21 82.76 1.54 54.22 56.83 80.40 80.40 1.49415 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.53 76.88 114.53 2.13 59.79 82.88 80.20 82.88 1.54 54.21 57.11 80.40 80.40 1.49416 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.53 76.69 114.53 2.13 60.12 83.13 80.20 83.13 1.54 54.18 57.18 80.40 80.40 1.49

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 1


417 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.54 77.22 114.54 2.13 60.37 83.15 80.19 83.15 1.54 54.14 59.17 80.40 80.40 1.49418 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.33 114.56 77.07 114.56 2.13 60.37 82.72 80.17 82.72 1.53 54.09 62.23 80.39 80.39 1.49419 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.34 114.57 76.95 114.57 2.13 60.38 82.15 80.16 82.15 1.52 54.03 64.87 80.39 80.39 1.49420 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 86.34 114.59 77.38 114.59 2.13 60.68 82.84 80.14 82.84 1.54 53.96 67.55 80.39 80.39 1.49421 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.99 85.84 85.84 1.59 53.78 85.85 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78422 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 78.76 84.59 84.59 1.57 53.78 85.85 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78423 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 78.69 85.34 85.34 1.58 53.79 85.85 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78424 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.57 85.48 85.48 1.59 53.79 85.85 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78425 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 72.58 84.24 84.24 1.56 53.79 85.85 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78426 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 72.95 84.28 84.28 1.56 53.79 85.85 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78427 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 73.67 84.33 84.33 1.56 53.79 85.84 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78428 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 73.35 84.21 84.21 1.56 53.79 85.84 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78429 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 73.70 84.71 84.71 1.57 53.79 85.84 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78430 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 74.90 85.83 85.83 1.59 53.79 85.84 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78431 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 74.82 85.27 85.27 1.58 53.79 85.84 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78432 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 74.60 85.20 85.20 1.58 53.79 85.84 95.52 95.52 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78433 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.11 85.44 85.44 1.59 53.79 85.84 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78434 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.17 85.17 85.17 1.58 53.79 85.84 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78435 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 75.78 85.58 85.58 1.59 53.79 85.87 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78436 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.65 85.81 85.81 1.59 53.79 85.91 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78437 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.73 85.70 85.70 1.59 53.79 85.95 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78438 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.73 85.68 85.68 1.59 53.79 85.96 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.78 87.86 95.99 95.99 1.78439 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 76.78 85.53 85.53 1.59 53.79 85.88 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.77 87.87 95.99 95.99 1.78440 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 75.97 85.88 85.88 1.59 53.79 85.85 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.77 87.87 95.99 95.99 1.78441 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 50 71.90 77.05 85.80 85.80 1.59 53.79 85.85 95.53 95.53 1.77 53.77 87.87 95.99 95.99 1.78442 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.09 114.11 77.74 114.11 2.12 62.65 79.72 80.27 80.27 1.49 53.98 67.98 80.45 80.45 1.49443 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.09 114.10 77.30 114.10 2.12 62.61 79.77 80.25 80.25 1.49 53.90 69.91 80.45 80.45 1.49444 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 132.60 68.52 80.20 132.60 2.46 63.43 79.13 80.24 80.24 1.49 53.82 71.12 80.44 80.44 1.49445 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.05 114.11 78.18 114.11 2.12 94.97 53.80 80.22 94.97 1.76 87.78 53.77 80.44 87.78 1.63446 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.10 77.04 114.10 2.12 62.23 80.76 80.21 80.76 1.50 55.54 63.98 80.45 80.45 1.49447 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.10 77.89 114.10 2.12 62.17 80.72 80.23 80.72 1.50 53.82 71.00 80.44 80.44 1.49448 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.11 78.63 114.11 2.12 62.11 80.74 80.24 80.74 1.50 53.90 69.43 80.44 80.44 1.49449 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.13 77.54 114.13 2.12 62.06 80.56 80.26 80.56 1.49 53.98 67.56 80.44 80.44 1.49450 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.14 78.00 114.14 2.12 62.02 80.36 80.27 80.36 1.49 54.05 64.66 80.44 80.44 1.49451 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.15 78.86 114.15 2.12 61.98 80.15 80.29 80.29 1.49 54.10 62.21 80.44 80.44 1.49452 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.07 114.16 77.79 114.16 2.12 61.95 79.94 80.30 80.30 1.49 54.15 59.14 80.45 80.45 1.49453 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.07 114.16 79.83 114.16 2.12 61.93 79.76 80.31 80.31 1.49 54.19 57.66 80.45 80.45 1.49454 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.07 114.17 80.63 114.17 2.12 61.92 79.62 80.31 80.31 1.49 54.21 56.84 80.45 80.45 1.49455 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.08 114.17 79.42 114.17 2.12 61.92 79.55 80.32 80.32 1.49 54.23 56.54 80.45 80.45 1.49456 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.08 114.17 77.62 114.17 2.12 61.92 79.56 80.32 80.32 1.49 54.23 56.78 80.45 80.45 1.49457 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.07 114.17 77.27 114.17 2.12 61.92 79.67 80.31 80.31 1.49 54.21 56.74 80.45 80.45 1.49458 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.07 114.16 77.10 114.16 2.12 61.92 79.89 80.31 80.31 1.49 54.18 57.88 80.45 80.45 1.49459 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.15 77.63 114.15 2.12 61.94 80.24 80.30 80.30 1.49 54.14 59.73 80.45 80.45 1.49460 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.14 77.45 114.14 2.12 61.93 80.45 80.28 80.45 1.49 54.09 62.64 80.44 80.44 1.49461 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.06 114.13 77.31 114.13 2.12 62.44 79.94 80.27 80.27 1.49 54.03 65.45 80.44 80.44 1.49462 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 84.05 114.11 77.76 114.11 2.12 62.71 79.64 80.25 80.25 1.49 53.96 67.97 80.44 80.44 1.49463 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 100 59.14 80.64 91.60 91.60 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.87 94.87 1.76464 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 81.30 91.39 91.39 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.87 94.87 1.76465 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 81.35 91.84 91.84 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.87 94.87 1.76466 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 79.41 91.39 91.39 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.87 94.87 1.76467 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 78.75 91.39 91.39 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76468 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 78.85 91.46 91.46 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76469 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 79.40 91.39 91.39 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76470 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 79.15 91.39 91.39 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76471 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 78.90 91.53 91.53 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76472 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 79.89 91.53 91.53 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76473 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 79.97 91.39 91.39 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76474 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 79.26 91.61 91.61 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76475 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 80.44 91.68 91.68 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76476 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 80.85 91.50 91.50 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76477 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 80.40 91.73 91.73 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76478 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 80.67 91.81 91.81 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76479 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 81.12 91.73 91.73 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76480 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 81.09 91.74 91.74 1.70 53.79 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.70 94.86 94.86 1.76481 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 81.17 91.71 91.71 1.70 53.80 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.71 94.86 94.86 1.76482 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 80.57 91.92 91.92 1.71 53.80 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.71 94.86 94.86 1.76483 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 100 59.11 80.64 91.55 91.55 1.70 53.80 89.79 94.93 94.93 1.76 53.78 90.71 94.86 94.86 1.76484 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.85 103.56 80.16 103.56 1.92 67.25 66.23 80.65 80.65 1.50 53.98 68.55 80.62 80.62 1.50485 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.86 103.52 79.74 103.52 1.92 67.38 66.33 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.91 64.16 80.62 80.62 1.50486 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 131.72 58.28 79.86 131.72 2.44 67.56 66.08 80.62 80.62 1.50 55.33 59.72 80.61 80.61 1.50487 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.87 103.48 80.28 103.48 1.92 67.08 66.70 80.61 80.61 1.50 63.54 59.66 80.62 80.62 1.50488 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.86 103.50 79.52 103.50 1.92 67.03 66.63 80.60 80.60 1.50 59.52 58.84 80.61 80.61 1.50489 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.86 103.53 79.94 103.53 1.92 66.94 66.56 80.61 80.61 1.50 54.91 61.39 80.61 80.61 1.50490 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.85 103.55 80.66 103.55 1.92 66.81 66.51 80.63 80.63 1.50 53.90 65.78 80.61 80.61 1.50491 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.84 103.57 79.70 103.57 1.92 66.84 66.47 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.98 70.27 80.61 80.61 1.50492 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.83 103.59 80.15 103.59 1.92 66.99 66.46 80.66 80.66 1.50 54.05 70.51 80.61 80.61 1.50493 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.82 103.58 81.03 103.58 1.92 66.95 66.36 80.67 80.67 1.50 54.11 67.80 80.61 80.61 1.50494 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.81 103.58 79.94 103.58 1.92 66.86 66.24 80.68 80.68 1.50 54.16 64.76 80.61 80.61 1.50495 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.80 103.58 81.16 103.58 1.92 66.79 66.13 80.69 80.69 1.50 54.19 62.20 80.62 80.62 1.50496 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.79 103.58 82.03 103.58 1.92 66.73 66.05 80.70 80.70 1.50 54.22 60.71 80.62 80.62 1.50497 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.78 103.58 80.86 103.58 1.92 66.71 66.01 80.70 80.70 1.50 54.23 59.80 80.62 80.62 1.50498 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.79 103.58 80.26 103.58 1.92 66.71 66.01 80.70 80.70 1.50 54.23 59.58 80.62 80.62 1.50499 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.79 103.58 79.77 103.58 1.92 66.75 66.07 80.70 80.70 1.50 54.21 61.00 80.62 80.62 1.50500 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.80 103.58 79.84 103.58 1.92 66.83 66.20 80.69 80.69 1.50 54.19 63.19 80.62 80.62 1.50501 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.81 103.58 80.24 103.58 1.92 66.95 66.39 80.68 80.68 1.50 54.15 65.62 80.61 80.61 1.50502 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.83 103.58 79.88 103.58 1.92 66.79 66.34 80.67 80.67 1.50 54.10 68.61 80.61 80.61 1.50503 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.84 103.57 79.75 103.57 1.92 67.39 66.51 80.65 80.65 1.50 54.04 71.10 80.61 80.61 1.50504 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.85 103.54 80.18 103.54 1.92 67.26 66.20 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.97 68.60 80.61 80.61 1.50505 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 97.95 95.70 97.95 1.82 53.84 92.62 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74506 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 100.67 96.03 100.67 1.87 53.84 94.17 93.59 94.17 1.75 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74507 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 100.91 96.69 100.91 1.87 53.84 98.34 93.59 98.34 1.82 53.80 94.12 93.51 94.12 1.75508 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 99.30 96.57 99.30 1.84 53.84 100.09 93.59 100.09 1.86 53.80 95.78 93.51 95.78 1.78509 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 96.25 96.93 96.93 1.80 53.84 99.37 93.59 99.37 1.84 53.80 95.13 93.51 95.13 1.77510 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.59 104.76 104.76 1.94 53.84 96.25 93.59 96.25 1.79 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74511 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.79 110.09 110.09 2.04 53.84 92.62 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74512 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.57 112.70 112.70 2.09 53.84 92.62 94.46 94.46 1.75 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74513 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.63 112.55 112.55 2.09 53.84 92.62 99.04 99.04 1.84 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74514 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.84 111.00 111.00 2.06 53.84 92.62 101.18 101.18 1.88 53.80 92.74 95.93 95.93 1.78515 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.57 107.48 107.48 1.99 53.84 92.62 100.83 100.83 1.87 53.80 92.74 96.34 96.34 1.79516 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.62 101.59 101.59 1.89 53.84 92.62 97.99 97.99 1.82 53.80 92.74 94.37 94.37 1.75517 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.84 95.70 95.70 1.78 53.84 92.62 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74518 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.80 95.70 95.70 1.78 53.84 92.62 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74519 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.57 95.77 95.77 1.78 53.84 92.62 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74520 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.57 95.70 95.70 1.78 53.84 92.62 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 1


521 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 550 55.49 91.57 95.70 95.70 1.78 53.84 92.62 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.80 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74522 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 550 55.52 91.57 95.71 95.71 1.78 53.84 92.63 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.79 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74523 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 550 55.52 91.57 95.71 95.71 1.78 53.84 92.63 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.79 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74524 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 550 55.52 92.96 95.71 95.71 1.78 53.84 92.63 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.79 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74525 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 550 55.52 97.95 95.71 97.95 1.82 53.84 92.63 93.59 93.59 1.74 53.79 92.74 93.51 93.51 1.74526 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.84 81.19 82.14 86.84 1.61 66.74 70.39 80.82 80.82 1.50 54.00 67.85 80.68 80.68 1.50527 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.85 81.19 82.32 86.85 1.61 66.29 69.66 80.80 80.80 1.50 53.92 67.29 80.68 80.68 1.50528 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.87 81.19 82.11 86.87 1.61 67.10 70.49 80.79 80.79 1.50 56.68 65.92 80.68 80.68 1.50529 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.88 81.19 82.23 86.88 1.61 66.44 70.22 80.78 80.78 1.50 62.23 61.98 80.68 80.68 1.50530 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.87 81.19 82.32 86.87 1.61 66.37 70.13 80.77 80.77 1.50 58.99 64.13 80.68 80.68 1.50531 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.85 81.19 82.03 86.85 1.61 66.32 70.09 80.78 80.78 1.50 55.70 66.17 80.68 80.68 1.50532 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.84 81.18 82.16 86.84 1.61 66.31 70.09 80.79 80.79 1.50 53.92 67.64 80.67 80.67 1.50533 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.83 81.18 83.27 86.83 1.61 66.32 70.14 80.81 80.81 1.50 54.00 68.22 80.67 80.67 1.50534 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.82 81.18 84.01 86.82 1.61 66.36 70.22 80.82 80.82 1.50 54.07 68.24 80.67 80.67 1.50535 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.81 81.18 88.28 88.28 1.64 66.42 70.33 80.84 80.84 1.50 54.13 67.78 80.68 80.68 1.50536 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.80 81.18 92.33 92.33 1.71 66.48 70.45 80.85 80.85 1.50 54.18 67.17 80.68 80.68 1.50537 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.80 81.18 94.12 94.12 1.75 66.35 70.33 83.53 83.53 1.55 54.21 65.87 80.68 80.68 1.50538 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.79 81.18 93.66 93.66 1.74 66.21 70.18 86.97 86.97 1.61 54.24 65.43 82.66 82.66 1.53539 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.79 81.18 91.80 91.80 1.70 66.13 70.11 88.27 88.27 1.64 54.25 65.04 84.02 84.02 1.56540 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.79 81.18 88.51 88.51 1.64 66.14 70.12 87.40 87.40 1.62 54.25 65.27 83.31 83.31 1.55541 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.79 81.18 83.09 86.79 1.61 66.26 70.23 84.38 84.38 1.57 54.23 65.50 80.68 80.68 1.50542 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.80 81.18 82.35 86.80 1.61 66.47 70.44 80.86 80.86 1.50 54.21 66.50 80.68 80.68 1.50543 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.81 81.18 82.15 86.81 1.61 66.31 70.17 80.85 80.85 1.50 54.17 67.57 80.68 80.68 1.50544 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.82 81.18 82.37 86.82 1.61 66.07 69.79 80.83 80.83 1.50 54.12 67.42 80.68 80.68 1.50545 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.83 81.18 82.29 86.83 1.61 66.01 69.71 80.82 80.82 1.50 54.06 68.24 80.67 80.67 1.50546 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 86.85 81.18 82.14 86.85 1.61 66.77 70.40 80.80 80.80 1.50 53.99 67.81 80.67 80.67 1.50547 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 103.63 96.61 103.63 1.92 53.88 92.87 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.92 93.35 93.35 1.73548 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 107.33 98.86 107.33 1.99 53.88 98.54 93.41 98.54 1.83 53.81 93.80 93.35 93.80 1.74549 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 108.47 99.29 108.47 2.01 53.88 103.55 93.41 103.55 1.92 53.81 98.65 93.35 98.65 1.83550 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 106.96 98.44 106.96 1.98 53.88 106.01 93.41 106.01 1.97 53.81 101.06 93.35 101.06 1.88551 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 103.94 106.60 106.60 1.98 53.88 105.85 93.41 105.85 1.96 53.81 100.97 93.35 100.97 1.87552 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 98.87 114.75 114.75 2.13 53.88 103.07 93.41 103.07 1.91 53.81 98.40 93.35 98.40 1.83553 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 93.59 120.10 120.10 2.23 53.88 97.76 94.65 97.76 1.81 53.81 93.39 93.35 93.39 1.73554 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.47 93.28 122.54 122.54 2.27 53.88 92.87 101.53 101.53 1.88 53.81 92.92 95.05 95.05 1.76555 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.46 93.04 121.98 121.98 2.26 53.88 92.87 105.91 105.91 1.97 53.81 92.92 100.02 100.02 1.86556 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.46 92.98 119.50 119.50 2.22 53.88 92.87 107.68 107.68 2.00 53.81 92.92 102.53 102.53 1.90557 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.46 92.98 115.11 115.11 2.14 53.88 92.87 106.86 106.86 1.98 53.81 92.92 102.52 102.52 1.90558 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.46 93.96 108.21 108.21 2.01 53.88 92.87 103.67 103.67 1.92 53.81 92.92 99.97 99.97 1.86559 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.46 94.77 98.92 98.92 1.84 53.88 92.87 97.93 97.93 1.82 53.81 92.92 94.96 94.96 1.76560 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.46 94.50 95.75 95.75 1.78 53.88 92.87 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.92 93.35 93.35 1.73561 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.46 93.29 95.81 95.81 1.78 53.88 92.87 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.92 93.35 93.35 1.73562 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.48 92.98 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.88 92.87 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.92 93.35 93.35 1.73563 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.48 92.98 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.88 92.87 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.92 93.35 93.35 1.73564 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.48 92.98 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.88 92.88 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.93 93.35 93.35 1.73565 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.48 94.18 95.44 95.44 1.77 53.88 92.88 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.93 93.35 93.35 1.73566 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.48 97.49 95.44 97.49 1.81 53.88 92.88 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.93 93.35 93.35 1.73567 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000 55.48 103.64 96.64 103.64 1.92 53.88 92.88 93.41 93.41 1.73 53.81 92.93 93.35 93.35 1.73568 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.07 79.86 82.17 88.07 1.63 66.92 70.19 80.83 80.83 1.50 54.02 67.59 80.69 80.69 1.50569 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.08 79.87 82.71 88.08 1.63 66.51 69.43 80.81 80.81 1.50 54.36 67.12 80.68 80.68 1.50570 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.09 79.88 82.31 88.09 1.63 67.30 70.42 80.80 80.80 1.50 57.07 66.05 80.68 80.68 1.50571 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.09 79.87 82.35 88.09 1.63 66.69 69.96 80.79 80.79 1.50 61.78 62.43 80.68 80.68 1.50572 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.09 79.87 82.25 88.09 1.63 66.62 69.87 80.77 80.77 1.50 59.45 64.51 80.68 80.68 1.50573 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.08 79.86 82.15 88.08 1.63 66.57 69.83 80.79 80.79 1.50 56.27 65.81 80.68 80.68 1.50574 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.08 79.85 82.33 88.08 1.63 66.55 69.84 80.80 80.80 1.50 53.94 66.63 80.68 80.68 1.50575 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.07 79.84 84.18 88.07 1.63 66.56 69.89 80.82 80.82 1.50 54.02 67.15 80.67 80.67 1.50576 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.07 79.83 86.15 88.07 1.63 66.59 69.98 80.83 80.83 1.50 54.08 67.35 80.68 80.68 1.50577 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.06 79.85 92.81 92.81 1.72 66.64 70.10 80.85 80.85 1.50 54.14 66.12 80.68 80.68 1.50578 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.06 79.86 97.20 97.20 1.80 66.70 70.22 81.43 81.43 1.51 54.19 65.49 80.68 80.68 1.50579 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.06 79.87 99.21 99.21 1.84 66.69 70.28 87.14 87.14 1.62 54.23 64.83 81.33 81.33 1.51580 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.06 79.87 98.77 98.77 1.83 66.49 70.19 90.71 90.71 1.68 54.25 64.06 84.65 84.65 1.57581 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.05 79.88 96.36 96.36 1.79 66.36 70.07 92.05 92.05 1.71 54.26 63.66 85.90 85.90 1.59582 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.05 79.88 92.93 92.93 1.72 66.38 70.09 91.12 91.12 1.69 54.26 63.21 85.03 85.03 1.58583 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.06 79.87 87.30 88.06 1.63 66.56 70.22 87.95 87.95 1.63 54.25 64.20 82.06 82.06 1.52584 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.06 79.86 82.60 88.06 1.63 66.69 70.21 82.62 82.62 1.53 54.22 64.67 80.68 80.68 1.50585 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.06 79.85 82.58 88.06 1.63 66.53 69.93 80.86 80.86 1.50 54.18 66.03 80.68 80.68 1.50586 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.07 79.84 82.44 88.07 1.63 66.32 69.53 80.84 80.84 1.50 54.13 66.85 80.68 80.68 1.50587 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.07 79.84 82.19 88.07 1.63 66.09 69.63 80.83 80.83 1.50 54.07 67.44 80.68 80.68 1.50588 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 88.08 79.85 82.16 88.08 1.63 66.95 70.22 80.81 80.81 1.50 54.00 67.58 80.67 80.67 1.50589 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.33 113.45 111.60 113.45 2.11 87.64 96.49 99.59 99.59 1.85 81.33 93.38 97.38 97.38 1.81590 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.33 119.15 117.41 119.15 2.21 87.64 105.48 99.59 105.48 1.96 81.33 102.71 97.38 102.71 1.91591 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.33 121.90 120.52 121.90 2.26 87.64 111.87 99.59 111.87 2.08 81.33 109.49 97.38 109.49 2.03592 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.34 121.75 120.82 121.75 2.26 87.64 115.49 99.59 115.49 2.14 81.33 113.57 97.38 113.57 2.11593 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.35 118.60 124.05 124.05 2.30 87.64 116.25 99.59 116.25 2.16 81.33 114.85 97.38 114.85 2.13594 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.34 115.49 132.91 132.91 2.47 87.64 114.32 99.59 114.32 2.12 81.33 113.29 97.38 113.29 2.10595 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.33 118.12 138.46 138.46 2.57 87.64 109.83 107.96 109.83 2.04 81.33 108.94 104.14 108.94 2.02596 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.32 118.02 140.63 140.63 2.61 87.64 102.64 115.43 115.43 2.14 81.32 101.90 111.75 111.75 2.07597 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.30 115.16 139.44 139.44 2.59 87.65 93.18 120.05 120.05 2.23 81.32 93.15 116.61 116.61 2.16598 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 109.63 135.39 135.39 2.51 87.65 93.18 121.71 121.71 2.26 81.33 93.15 118.59 118.59 2.20599 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.32 112.83 129.46 129.46 2.40 87.65 93.18 120.37 120.37 2.23 81.33 93.15 117.65 117.65 2.18600 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 114.09 120.80 120.80 2.24 87.65 93.18 116.07 116.07 2.15 81.33 93.15 113.81 113.81 2.11601 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.30 112.99 112.72 112.99 2.10 87.65 93.18 108.90 108.90 2.02 81.33 93.15 107.17 107.17 1.99602 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.30 109.59 110.86 110.86 2.06 87.64 93.18 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.87 97.87 1.82603 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 104.19 106.56 106.56 1.98 87.64 93.18 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.33 97.33 1.81604 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 98.44 103.70 103.70 1.92 87.64 93.18 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.33 97.33 1.81605 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 97.49 103.70 103.70 1.92 87.64 93.18 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.33 97.33 1.81606 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 97.49 103.69 103.69 1.92 87.64 93.18 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.33 97.33 1.81607 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 99.55 103.70 103.70 1.92 87.64 93.30 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.33 97.33 1.81608 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 105.15 103.69 105.15 1.95 87.64 93.87 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.33 97.33 1.81609 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 98.31 113.47 111.67 113.47 2.11 87.64 96.54 99.53 99.53 1.85 81.33 93.43 97.33 97.33 1.81610 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.66 87.28 89.22 1.66 67.52 69.58 80.84 80.84 1.50 61.58 60.87 80.69 80.69 1.50611 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.64 86.13 89.22 1.66 67.20 68.72 80.82 80.82 1.50 59.47 62.39 80.69 80.69 1.50612 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.62 83.98 89.22 1.66 67.75 69.95 80.81 80.81 1.50 59.93 62.99 80.68 80.68 1.50613 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.64 82.49 89.22 1.66 67.46 69.17 80.80 80.80 1.50 60.49 63.73 80.69 80.69 1.50614 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.65 82.25 89.22 1.66 67.39 69.08 80.78 80.78 1.50 60.44 63.51 80.68 80.68 1.50615 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.66 83.92 89.22 1.66 67.34 69.04 80.79 80.79 1.50 59.57 62.28 80.68 80.68 1.50616 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.67 86.59 89.22 1.66 67.31 69.06 80.81 80.81 1.50 60.01 61.83 80.68 80.68 1.50617 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.69 88.64 89.22 1.66 67.30 69.13 80.82 80.82 1.50 62.05 61.00 80.68 80.68 1.50618 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.68 92.81 92.81 1.72 67.32 69.23 80.84 80.84 1.50 63.82 62.03 80.68 80.68 1.50619 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.67 100.62 100.62 1.87 67.35 69.37 80.85 80.85 1.50 65.22 62.84 80.68 80.68 1.50620 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.65 105.99 105.99 1.97 67.39 69.51 87.36 87.36 1.62 66.40 63.52 80.69 80.69 1.50621 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.64 108.76 108.76 2.02 67.42 69.55 93.81 93.81 1.74 67.29 64.03 84.57 84.57 1.57622 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.64 108.84 108.84 2.02 67.43 69.25 97.97 97.97 1.82 67.85 64.35 88.13 88.13 1.64623 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.63 106.24 106.24 1.97 67.30 69.14 99.71 99.71 1.85 68.12 64.50 89.96 89.96 1.67624 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.63 102.00 102.00 1.89 67.31 69.16 99.00 99.00 1.84 68.04 64.45 89.58 89.58 1.66

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 1


625 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.64 96.19 96.19 1.78 67.44 69.36 95.85 95.85 1.78 67.76 64.30 86.98 86.98 1.61626 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.65 91.71 91.71 1.70 67.37 69.51 90.35 90.35 1.68 67.10 63.92 82.26 82.26 1.53627 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.66 90.93 90.93 1.69 67.26 69.18 82.64 82.64 1.53 66.19 63.40 80.68 80.68 1.50628 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.68 88.12 89.22 1.66 67.09 68.73 80.85 80.85 1.50 64.99 62.70 80.68 80.68 1.50629 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.69 87.25 89.22 1.66 66.87 68.85 80.84 80.84 1.50 63.45 61.81 80.68 80.68 1.50630 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 89.22 78.67 87.26 89.22 1.66 67.53 69.62 80.82 80.82 1.50 61.65 60.77 80.68 80.68 1.50

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

1 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 0 57.71 57.91 54.77 57.91 1.07 53.78 57.79 53.78 57.79 1.07 53.77 57.78 53.78 57.78 1.072 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 0 59.95 58.38 55.50 59.95 1.11 53.78 58.26 53.78 58.26 1.08 53.77 58.26 53.78 58.26 1.083 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 0 61.97 57.40 56.64 61.97 1.15 56.70 57.30 53.78 57.30 1.06 53.77 57.29 53.78 57.29 1.064 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 0 66.46 55.30 56.74 66.46 1.23 62.30 54.93 53.78 62.30 1.16 57.19 54.92 53.78 57.19 1.065 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 0 69.68 55.61 58.23 69.68 1.29 67.23 53.78 53.78 67.23 1.25 61.83 53.77 53.78 61.83 1.156 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 0 71.46 55.05 59.16 71.46 1.33 70.67 53.78 53.78 70.67 1.31 64.46 53.77 53.78 64.46 1.207 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 0 68.75 56.22 59.05 68.75 1.28 71.06 53.78 53.78 71.06 1.32 65.97 53.77 53.78 65.97 1.228 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 0 71.13 55.98 60.82 71.13 1.32 72.77 53.78 53.78 72.77 1.35 66.44 53.77 53.78 66.44 1.239 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 0 71.60 55.38 61.08 71.60 1.33 70.95 53.78 53.78 70.95 1.32 65.64 53.77 53.78 65.64 1.2210 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 0 70.84 56.44 62.56 70.84 1.31 69.47 53.78 53.78 69.47 1.29 63.12 53.77 53.78 63.12 1.1711 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 0 68.35 56.77 63.33 68.35 1.27 65.58 53.78 53.78 65.58 1.22 60.08 53.77 53.78 60.08 1.1112 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 0 64.53 55.72 62.54 64.53 1.20 60.40 53.78 55.42 60.40 1.12 55.17 53.77 54.64 55.17 1.0213 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 0 60.75 56.72 60.20 60.75 1.13 53.96 55.50 56.46 56.46 1.05 53.77 55.94 56.45 56.45 1.0514 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 0 58.99 56.49 56.98 58.99 1.09 53.78 56.72 56.88 56.88 1.06 53.77 56.70 56.88 56.88 1.0615 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 0 56.41 56.03 56.01 56.41 1.05 53.78 57.06 55.90 57.06 1.06 53.77 57.25 55.90 57.25 1.0616 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 0 56.17 56.41 55.12 56.41 1.05 53.78 56.52 53.78 56.52 1.05 53.77 56.27 53.78 56.27 1.0417 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 0 55.93 56.21 54.84 56.21 1.04 53.78 55.75 53.78 55.75 1.03 53.77 55.60 53.78 55.60 1.0318 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 0 55.82 56.12 54.74 56.12 1.04 53.78 55.51 53.78 55.51 1.03 53.77 55.31 53.78 55.31 1.0319 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 0 56.05 56.34 54.98 56.34 1.05 53.78 56.10 53.78 56.10 1.04 53.77 56.14 53.78 56.14 1.0420 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 0 56.16 56.32 55.16 56.32 1.05 53.78 56.85 53.78 56.85 1.05 53.77 56.95 53.78 56.95 1.0621 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 0 57.68 57.92 54.76 57.92 1.07 53.78 57.81 53.78 57.81 1.07 53.77 57.80 53.78 57.80 1.0722 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 56.01 71.15 56.39 71.15 1.32 53.78 71.89 53.78 71.89 1.33 53.77 66.14 53.78 66.14 1.2323 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 58.26 71.62 55.80 71.62 1.33 53.78 72.45 53.78 72.45 1.34 53.77 65.92 53.78 65.92 1.2224 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 61.17 72.60 56.51 72.60 1.35 55.81 69.71 53.78 69.71 1.29 53.77 63.93 53.78 63.93 1.1925 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 65.94 69.38 56.38 69.38 1.29 61.92 67.22 53.78 67.22 1.25 57.76 60.57 53.78 60.57 1.1226 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 69.48 65.62 56.63 69.48 1.29 66.58 62.57 53.78 66.58 1.24 62.74 56.41 53.78 62.74 1.1627 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 71.45 63.13 58.00 71.45 1.33 70.37 56.30 54.81 70.37 1.31 65.68 53.77 55.39 65.68 1.2228 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 68.16 58.89 55.69 68.16 1.26 71.40 53.78 56.68 71.40 1.32 66.06 53.77 56.63 66.06 1.2329 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 70.50 56.69 56.61 70.50 1.31 72.78 53.78 56.90 72.78 1.35 67.09 53.77 56.85 67.09 1.2430 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 71.24 55.59 57.55 71.24 1.32 71.33 53.78 56.22 71.33 1.32 65.68 53.77 56.06 65.68 1.2231 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 71.02 55.50 58.07 71.02 1.32 69.68 53.78 55.26 69.68 1.29 63.87 53.77 54.88 63.87 1.1932 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 68.70 55.37 60.26 68.70 1.27 64.88 53.78 54.88 64.88 1.20 59.76 53.77 54.48 59.76 1.1133 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.16 55.50 60.96 64.16 1.19 59.72 53.78 55.31 59.72 1.11 54.86 53.77 55.06 55.06 1.0234 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 61.09 55.58 60.16 61.09 1.13 54.28 55.50 58.08 58.08 1.08 53.77 56.16 58.07 58.07 1.0835 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 58.29 56.66 59.86 59.86 1.11 53.78 56.81 59.76 59.76 1.11 53.77 57.11 59.75 59.75 1.1136 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 57.48 58.94 60.07 60.07 1.11 53.78 57.00 59.96 59.96 1.11 53.77 57.24 59.95 59.95 1.1137 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 55.59 61.30 58.79 61.30 1.14 53.78 56.54 58.68 58.68 1.09 53.77 56.50 58.68 58.68 1.0938 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 57.32 66.20 56.34 66.20 1.23 53.78 61.84 55.97 61.84 1.15 53.77 57.12 55.96 57.12 1.0639 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 54.76 69.86 56.54 69.86 1.30 53.78 67.06 53.78 67.06 1.24 53.77 62.07 53.78 62.07 1.1540 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 56.23 70.84 55.95 70.84 1.31 53.78 70.24 53.78 70.24 1.30 53.77 65.27 53.78 65.27 1.2141 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 57.97 68.42 56.02 68.42 1.27 53.78 71.41 53.78 71.41 1.33 53.77 65.32 53.78 65.32 1.2142 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 55.98 71.16 56.42 71.16 1.32 53.78 71.89 53.78 71.89 1.33 53.77 66.14 53.78 66.14 1.2343 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 5 61.06 65.20 91.06 91.06 1.69 56.44 60.55 90.61 90.61 1.68 53.77 60.43 90.62 90.62 1.6844 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 5 61.06 64.26 92.40 92.40 1.71 56.44 58.63 89.85 89.85 1.67 53.77 58.62 89.87 89.87 1.6745 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 5 61.06 61.73 91.76 91.76 1.70 56.44 57.74 88.80 88.80 1.65 53.77 57.73 88.83 88.83 1.6546 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 57.67 90.05 90.05 1.67 56.40 55.42 88.62 88.62 1.64 53.77 55.41 88.60 88.60 1.6447 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 54.77 90.71 90.71 1.68 56.40 54.40 88.71 88.71 1.65 53.77 55.27 88.71 88.71 1.6548 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 55.97 89.72 89.72 1.66 56.40 54.45 88.86 88.86 1.65 53.77 55.27 88.85 88.85 1.6549 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 56.78 90.17 90.17 1.67 56.40 55.01 89.03 89.03 1.65 53.77 55.27 89.02 89.02 1.6550 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 56.36 89.24 89.24 1.66 56.40 55.67 89.22 89.22 1.66 53.77 55.70 89.22 89.22 1.6651 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 58.21 90.70 90.70 1.68 56.40 56.43 89.45 89.45 1.66 53.77 56.46 89.45 89.45 1.6652 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 58.70 90.90 90.90 1.69 56.40 57.29 89.70 89.70 1.66 53.77 57.32 89.70 89.70 1.6653 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 59.67 90.30 90.30 1.68 56.40 58.23 89.98 89.98 1.67 53.77 58.26 89.98 89.98 1.6754 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 61.02 91.67 91.67 1.70 56.40 59.23 90.27 90.27 1.68 53.77 59.26 90.27 90.27 1.6855 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 61.30 91.50 91.50 1.70 56.40 60.27 90.56 90.56 1.68 53.77 60.29 90.56 90.56 1.6856 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 63.17 91.17 91.17 1.69 56.40 61.28 90.85 90.85 1.69 53.77 61.30 90.85 90.85 1.6957 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 63.57 92.19 92.19 1.71 56.40 62.21 91.11 91.11 1.69 53.77 62.23 91.10 91.10 1.6958 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 63.89 91.60 91.60 1.70 56.40 62.98 91.32 91.32 1.69 53.77 63.00 91.31 91.31 1.6959 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 64.29 91.54 91.54 1.70 56.40 63.49 91.45 91.45 1.70 53.77 63.49 91.44 91.44 1.7060 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 63.92 91.69 91.69 1.70 56.40 63.61 91.49 91.49 1.70 53.77 63.61 91.47 91.47 1.7061 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 64.28 92.00 92.00 1.71 56.40 63.23 91.38 91.38 1.70 53.77 63.23 91.38 91.38 1.7062 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 64.55 92.03 92.03 1.71 56.40 62.23 91.10 91.10 1.69 53.77 62.21 91.10 91.10 1.6963 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 5 61.07 65.19 91.04 91.04 1.69 56.40 60.56 90.60 90.60 1.68 53.77 60.44 90.61 90.61 1.6864 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 90.41 62.00 76.62 90.41 1.68 82.28 53.78 75.16 82.28 1.53 82.27 53.77 75.15 82.27 1.5365 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 88.14 61.15 76.62 88.14 1.64 79.43 53.78 75.24 79.43 1.47 79.43 53.77 75.22 79.43 1.4766 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 88.52 59.27 75.41 88.52 1.64 80.24 53.78 75.31 80.24 1.49 76.17 53.77 75.29 76.17 1.4167 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 88.00 60.98 76.16 88.00 1.63 80.96 53.78 75.36 80.96 1.50 75.20 53.77 75.32 75.32 1.4068 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 86.26 58.61 75.56 86.26 1.60 81.02 53.78 75.35 81.02 1.50 74.91 53.77 75.32 75.32 1.4069 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 83.45 56.87 75.84 83.45 1.55 78.96 53.78 75.27 78.96 1.47 74.03 53.77 75.24 75.24 1.4070 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 64.26 55.63 76.27 76.27 1.42 59.33 53.78 75.06 75.06 1.39 54.42 53.77 75.03 75.03 1.3971 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 60.03 54.02 75.21 75.21 1.40 55.54 54.46 74.84 74.84 1.39 53.77 54.71 74.83 74.83 1.3972 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 60.15 54.14 78.33 78.33 1.45 53.78 55.84 76.85 76.85 1.43 53.77 56.38 76.84 76.84 1.4373 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 59.59 54.94 77.08 77.08 1.43 53.78 56.08 74.83 74.83 1.39 53.77 56.57 74.82 74.82 1.3974 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 91.39 62.20 75.46 91.39 1.70 88.32 56.40 74.83 88.32 1.64 88.31 53.77 74.82 88.31 1.6475 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 92.96 62.47 76.64 92.96 1.73 89.39 56.44 74.83 89.39 1.66 89.38 53.77 74.82 89.38 1.6676 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 93.81 62.43 75.92 93.81 1.74 90.08 57.01 74.83 90.08 1.67 90.07 53.77 74.82 90.07 1.6777 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 94.15 62.26 75.15 94.15 1.75 90.41 56.29 74.83 90.41 1.68 90.39 53.77 74.83 90.39 1.6878 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 94.13 62.27 75.87 94.13 1.75 90.39 56.33 74.86 90.39 1.68 90.37 53.77 74.85 90.37 1.6879 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 93.73 62.43 76.46 93.73 1.74 90.01 57.15 74.89 90.01 1.67 90.00 53.77 74.88 90.00 1.6780 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 92.81 62.46 75.63 92.81 1.72 89.28 56.69 74.93 89.28 1.66 89.27 53.77 74.92 89.27 1.6681 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 91.18 62.08 76.44 91.18 1.69 88.16 55.87 74.98 88.16 1.64 88.14 53.77 74.97 88.14 1.6482 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 91.73 60.76 77.01 91.73 1.70 86.63 55.35 75.03 86.63 1.61 86.62 53.77 75.02 86.62 1.6183 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 91.55 60.49 75.82 91.55 1.70 84.68 54.97 75.09 84.68 1.57 84.66 53.77 75.09 84.66 1.5784 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 90.40 62.00 76.62 90.40 1.68 82.27 53.78 75.17 82.27 1.53 82.26 53.77 75.16 82.26 1.5385 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 10 56.02 73.63 98.62 98.62 1.83 53.78 71.18 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.15 96.83 96.83 1.8086 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 73.89 98.60 98.60 1.83 53.78 70.95 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 70.94 96.84 96.84 1.8087 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 72.34 97.61 97.61 1.81 53.78 70.95 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 70.94 96.84 96.84 1.8088 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 72.30 99.32 99.32 1.84 53.78 70.95 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 70.96 96.84 96.84 1.8089 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 71.89 98.62 98.62 1.83 53.78 70.99 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.00 96.84 96.84 1.8090 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 71.84 97.59 97.59 1.81 53.78 71.05 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.06 96.84 96.84 1.8091 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 72.82 97.27 97.27 1.81 53.78 71.13 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.15 96.84 96.84 1.8092 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 72.14 97.89 97.89 1.82 53.78 71.24 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.26 96.84 96.84 1.8093 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 72.44 97.75 97.75 1.81 53.78 71.39 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.40 96.84 96.84 1.8094 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 73.11 97.32 97.32 1.81 53.78 71.57 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.59 96.84 96.84 1.8095 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 72.08 98.22 98.22 1.82 53.78 71.79 96.87 96.87 1.80 53.77 71.82 96.87 96.87 1.8096 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 73.37 97.79 97.79 1.81 53.78 72.07 96.91 96.91 1.80 53.77 72.09 96.90 96.90 1.8097 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 73.59 97.40 97.40 1.81 53.78 72.39 96.95 96.95 1.80 53.77 72.41 96.95 96.95 1.8098 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 73.29 98.25 98.25 1.82 53.78 72.76 97.00 97.00 1.80 53.77 72.77 96.99 96.99 1.8099 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 74.52 97.51 97.51 1.81 53.78 73.14 97.05 97.05 1.80 53.77 73.15 97.04 97.04 1.80

100 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 74.06 97.33 97.33 1.81 53.78 73.50 97.09 97.09 1.80 53.77 73.50 97.08 97.08 1.80101 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 73.83 97.70 97.70 1.81 53.78 73.77 97.13 97.13 1.80 53.77 73.76 97.11 97.11 1.80102 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 74.13 97.51 97.51 1.81 53.78 73.84 97.13 97.13 1.80 53.77 73.83 97.12 97.12 1.80103 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 74.54 97.55 97.55 1.81 53.78 73.56 97.10 97.10 1.80 53.77 73.56 97.09 97.09 1.80

Simulation 2


SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 2


104 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 74.71 97.37 97.37 1.81 53.78 72.74 96.99 96.99 1.80 53.77 72.75 96.99 96.99 1.80105 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 10 56.00 73.63 98.60 98.60 1.83 53.78 71.21 96.85 96.85 1.80 53.77 71.18 96.84 96.84 1.80106 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 96.34 55.92 80.44 96.34 1.79 89.37 53.78 78.88 89.37 1.66 89.35 53.77 78.87 89.35 1.66107 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 94.12 55.63 79.92 94.12 1.75 86.46 53.78 78.88 86.46 1.60 86.44 53.77 78.87 86.44 1.60108 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 90.39 57.15 79.10 90.39 1.68 82.92 53.78 78.88 82.92 1.54 82.88 53.77 78.87 82.88 1.54109 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 88.39 56.40 79.72 88.39 1.64 78.77 53.78 78.88 78.88 1.46 78.68 53.77 78.87 78.87 1.46110 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 86.59 55.54 79.08 86.59 1.61 76.70 53.78 78.88 78.88 1.46 73.86 53.77 78.87 78.87 1.46111 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 63.63 60.16 79.64 79.64 1.48 57.58 54.33 78.88 78.88 1.46 53.77 53.77 78.87 78.87 1.46112 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 57.78 62.55 79.67 79.67 1.48 53.78 54.42 78.88 78.88 1.46 53.77 55.84 78.87 78.87 1.46113 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 56.59 55.34 91.65 91.65 1.70 53.78 56.58 88.53 88.53 1.64 53.77 56.93 88.51 88.51 1.64114 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 55.78 58.31 87.40 87.40 1.62 53.78 56.48 86.13 86.13 1.60 53.77 56.74 86.11 86.11 1.60115 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 56.26 55.93 85.96 85.96 1.60 53.78 56.52 83.37 83.37 1.55 53.77 56.72 83.34 83.34 1.55116 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 56.11 57.64 82.27 82.27 1.53 53.78 56.46 80.40 80.40 1.49 53.77 56.67 80.22 80.22 1.49117 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 98.64 55.89 83.55 98.64 1.83 95.60 53.78 78.88 95.60 1.77 95.58 53.77 78.87 95.58 1.77118 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 99.21 56.51 82.76 99.21 1.84 96.09 53.78 78.88 96.09 1.78 96.07 53.77 78.87 96.07 1.78119 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 99.37 56.72 79.94 99.37 1.84 96.32 53.78 78.88 96.32 1.79 96.30 53.77 78.87 96.30 1.79120 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 99.36 56.71 79.94 99.36 1.84 96.30 53.78 78.88 96.30 1.79 96.28 53.77 78.87 96.28 1.79121 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 99.17 56.45 79.95 99.17 1.84 96.04 53.78 78.88 96.04 1.78 96.03 53.77 78.87 96.03 1.78122 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 98.52 55.83 79.16 98.52 1.83 95.52 53.78 78.88 95.52 1.77 95.50 53.77 78.87 95.50 1.77123 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 97.05 55.70 80.45 97.05 1.80 94.66 53.78 78.88 94.66 1.76 94.64 53.77 78.87 94.64 1.76124 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 96.72 56.51 80.32 96.72 1.79 93.40 53.78 78.88 93.40 1.73 93.38 53.77 78.87 93.38 1.73125 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 97.13 57.03 79.27 97.13 1.80 91.66 53.78 78.88 91.66 1.70 91.64 53.77 78.87 91.64 1.70126 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 96.32 55.92 80.44 96.32 1.79 89.36 53.78 78.88 89.36 1.66 89.34 53.77 78.87 89.34 1.66127 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.64 99.58 99.58 1.85 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.88 97.90 97.90 1.82128 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.65 98.51 98.51 1.83 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.88 97.90 97.90 1.82129 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.72 100.36 100.36 1.86 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.88 97.90 97.90 1.82130 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.07 101.22 101.22 1.88 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.88 97.90 97.90 1.82131 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.18 99.64 99.64 1.85 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.88 97.90 97.90 1.82132 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.79 100.90 100.90 1.87 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.88 97.90 97.90 1.82133 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.38 101.02 101.02 1.87 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.88 97.90 97.90 1.82134 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.19 98.83 98.83 1.83 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.89 97.90 97.90 1.82135 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.99 98.42 98.42 1.83 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.92 97.90 97.90 1.82136 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.27 98.84 98.84 1.83 53.78 78.94 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.96 97.90 97.90 1.82137 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.24 99.04 99.04 1.84 53.78 78.99 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.01 97.90 97.90 1.82138 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.24 98.43 98.43 1.83 53.78 79.05 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.07 97.90 97.90 1.82139 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.12 98.86 98.86 1.83 53.78 79.14 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.16 97.90 97.90 1.82140 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.90 98.92 98.92 1.84 53.78 79.26 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.27 97.90 97.90 1.82141 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.68 98.32 98.32 1.82 53.78 79.39 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.40 97.90 97.90 1.82142 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.03 98.48 98.48 1.83 53.78 79.54 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.54 97.90 97.90 1.82143 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 79.77 98.34 98.34 1.82 53.78 79.66 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.66 97.90 97.90 1.82144 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.00 98.19 98.19 1.82 53.78 79.70 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.69 97.90 97.90 1.82145 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.43 98.23 98.23 1.82 53.78 79.53 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 79.53 97.90 97.90 1.82146 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 15 55.95 80.94 98.57 98.57 1.83 53.78 78.97 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.98 97.90 97.90 1.82147 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 15 55.97 79.65 99.55 99.55 1.85 53.78 78.90 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.77 78.89 97.90 97.90 1.82148 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 99.08 55.50 81.34 99.08 1.84 92.48 53.78 79.82 92.48 1.72 92.45 53.77 79.81 92.45 1.72149 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 96.80 56.71 80.55 96.80 1.80 89.95 53.78 79.82 89.95 1.67 89.89 53.77 79.81 89.89 1.67150 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 92.84 56.78 80.29 92.84 1.72 86.59 53.78 79.82 86.59 1.61 86.58 53.77 79.81 86.58 1.61151 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 90.94 55.36 80.58 90.94 1.69 82.54 53.78 79.82 82.54 1.53 82.47 53.77 79.80 82.47 1.53152 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 65.94 58.24 80.02 80.02 1.48 59.32 61.09 79.82 79.82 1.48 56.46 55.11 79.81 79.81 1.48153 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 62.03 61.93 80.63 80.63 1.50 57.24 59.37 79.82 79.82 1.48 53.77 53.77 79.81 79.81 1.48154 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 60.75 63.87 80.48 80.48 1.49 53.78 56.56 79.82 79.82 1.48 53.77 55.89 79.81 79.81 1.48155 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 57.15 62.41 81.72 81.72 1.52 53.78 57.09 79.82 79.82 1.48 53.77 56.59 79.81 79.81 1.48156 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 55.81 57.67 92.04 92.04 1.71 53.78 55.42 90.05 90.05 1.67 53.77 55.50 90.03 90.03 1.67157 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 55.93 55.23 90.94 90.94 1.69 53.78 55.43 87.46 87.46 1.62 53.77 55.46 87.38 87.38 1.62158 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 55.87 58.03 86.56 86.56 1.61 53.78 55.36 84.42 84.42 1.57 53.77 55.37 84.29 84.29 1.56159 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 55.70 56.30 86.65 86.65 1.61 53.78 55.28 81.27 81.27 1.51 53.77 55.33 80.79 80.79 1.50160 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 100.07 55.86 85.76 100.07 1.86 97.39 53.78 79.82 97.39 1.81 97.37 53.77 79.80 97.37 1.81161 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 100.14 56.06 82.76 100.14 1.86 97.51 53.78 79.82 97.51 1.81 97.49 53.77 79.80 97.49 1.81162 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 100.14 56.04 80.78 100.14 1.86 97.50 53.78 79.82 97.50 1.81 97.48 53.77 79.80 97.48 1.81163 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 100.04 55.83 80.52 100.04 1.86 97.36 53.78 79.82 97.36 1.81 97.34 53.77 79.80 97.34 1.81164 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 99.50 55.78 80.32 99.50 1.85 97.05 53.78 79.82 97.05 1.80 97.03 53.77 79.80 97.03 1.80165 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 98.05 56.33 81.29 98.05 1.82 96.51 53.78 79.82 96.51 1.79 96.49 53.77 79.80 96.49 1.79166 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 99.06 56.86 80.83 99.06 1.84 95.64 53.78 79.82 95.64 1.77 95.62 53.77 79.81 95.62 1.77167 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 99.76 56.19 80.49 99.76 1.85 94.34 53.78 79.82 94.34 1.75 94.31 53.77 79.81 94.31 1.75168 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 99.07 55.49 81.34 99.07 1.84 92.47 53.78 79.82 92.47 1.72 92.43 53.77 79.81 92.43 1.72169 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.97 99.06 99.06 1.84 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81170 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 85.52 98.16 98.16 1.82 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81171 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 84.97 100.75 100.75 1.87 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81172 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.89 101.00 101.00 1.87 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81173 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.10 100.75 100.75 1.87 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81174 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.90 102.89 102.89 1.91 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81175 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 84.14 102.53 102.53 1.90 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81176 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.11 99.65 99.65 1.85 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81177 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.99 98.96 98.96 1.84 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81178 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.93 98.76 98.76 1.83 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81179 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.28 98.43 98.43 1.83 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81180 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 84.04 98.10 98.10 1.82 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81181 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.58 98.83 98.83 1.83 53.78 82.90 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.92 97.69 97.69 1.81182 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.74 98.32 98.32 1.82 53.78 82.94 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.95 97.69 97.69 1.81183 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 84.23 98.03 98.03 1.82 53.78 82.99 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.99 97.69 97.69 1.81184 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.31 98.42 98.42 1.83 53.78 83.04 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 83.04 97.69 97.69 1.81185 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.31 97.98 97.98 1.82 53.78 83.10 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 83.09 97.69 97.69 1.81186 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.51 97.98 97.98 1.82 53.78 83.12 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 83.11 97.69 97.69 1.81187 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 20 55.38 83.99 97.99 97.99 1.82 53.78 83.02 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 83.02 97.69 97.69 1.81188 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 20 55.39 84.52 98.58 98.58 1.83 53.78 82.91 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81189 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 20 55.39 83.98 99.03 99.03 1.84 53.78 82.91 97.71 97.71 1.81 53.77 82.89 97.69 97.69 1.81190 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 100.17 55.33 81.64 100.17 1.86 93.98 53.78 80.17 93.98 1.74 93.95 53.77 80.16 93.95 1.74191 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 97.79 56.40 80.69 97.79 1.81 91.83 53.78 80.17 91.83 1.70 91.79 53.77 80.16 91.79 1.70192 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 94.00 55.62 80.78 94.00 1.74 88.92 53.78 80.17 88.92 1.65 88.81 53.77 80.16 88.81 1.65193 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 93.58 54.96 80.87 93.58 1.74 84.99 53.78 80.17 84.99 1.58 84.92 53.77 80.16 84.92 1.58194 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 66.37 59.73 80.37 80.37 1.49 60.41 59.69 80.17 80.17 1.49 54.22 57.93 80.16 80.16 1.49195 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 63.04 62.25 81.01 81.01 1.50 54.19 62.70 80.17 80.17 1.49 53.77 56.08 80.16 80.16 1.49196 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 60.87 64.49 80.73 80.73 1.50 53.78 59.93 80.17 80.17 1.49 53.77 55.21 80.16 80.16 1.49197 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 58.48 64.82 82.34 82.34 1.53 53.78 55.31 80.17 80.17 1.49 53.77 56.62 80.16 80.16 1.49198 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 56.81 62.38 83.70 83.70 1.55 53.78 56.93 80.17 80.17 1.49 53.77 56.36 80.16 80.16 1.49199 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 55.32 55.61 93.88 93.88 1.74 53.78 54.57 89.70 89.70 1.66 53.77 54.33 89.62 89.62 1.66200 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 55.44 58.07 89.43 89.43 1.66 53.78 54.52 86.83 86.83 1.61 53.77 54.18 86.69 86.69 1.61201 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 55.24 55.88 88.03 88.03 1.63 53.78 54.53 83.86 83.86 1.56 53.77 54.23 83.34 83.34 1.55202 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 99.84 55.26 87.03 99.84 1.85 97.45 53.78 80.17 97.45 1.81 97.43 53.77 80.16 97.43 1.81203 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 99.87 55.33 83.89 99.87 1.85 97.51 53.78 80.17 97.51 1.81 97.49 53.77 80.16 97.49 1.81204 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 99.87 55.32 81.01 99.87 1.85 97.51 53.78 80.17 97.51 1.81 97.49 53.77 80.16 97.49 1.81205 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 99.82 55.26 80.59 99.82 1.85 97.44 53.78 80.17 97.44 1.81 97.42 53.77 80.15 97.42 1.81206 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 99.30 55.45 80.78 99.30 1.84 97.27 53.78 80.17 97.27 1.81 97.25 53.77 80.15 97.25 1.80

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 2


207 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 98.45 56.14 81.52 98.45 1.83 96.95 53.78 80.17 96.95 1.80 96.93 53.77 80.16 96.93 1.80208 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 100.01 56.15 80.88 100.01 1.86 96.38 53.78 80.17 96.38 1.79 96.35 53.77 80.16 96.35 1.79209 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 100.84 55.08 80.98 100.84 1.87 95.43 53.78 80.17 95.43 1.77 95.41 53.77 80.16 95.41 1.77210 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 100.15 55.31 81.65 100.15 1.86 93.96 53.78 80.17 93.96 1.74 93.94 53.77 80.16 93.94 1.74211 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 87.16 98.29 98.29 1.82 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81212 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 89.05 98.29 98.29 1.82 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81213 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 88.76 100.44 100.44 1.86 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81214 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.33 100.25 100.25 1.86 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81215 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 85.44 101.74 101.74 1.89 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81216 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.27 103.54 103.54 1.92 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81217 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.25 102.83 102.83 1.91 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81218 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 85.45 101.42 101.42 1.88 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81219 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.32 102.29 102.29 1.90 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81220 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.00 100.64 100.64 1.87 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81221 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 85.67 97.72 97.72 1.81 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81222 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.26 97.92 97.92 1.82 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81223 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 85.66 98.43 98.43 1.83 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81224 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.10 97.66 97.66 1.81 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81225 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.39 97.63 97.63 1.81 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81226 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 85.53 98.02 98.02 1.82 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.23 97.27 97.27 1.81227 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 85.56 97.56 97.56 1.81 53.78 85.25 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.24 97.27 97.27 1.81228 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 85.74 97.56 97.56 1.81 53.78 85.26 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.25 97.27 97.27 1.81229 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 25 54.83 86.26 97.56 97.56 1.81 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.21 97.27 97.27 1.81230 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 25 54.84 86.69 98.25 98.25 1.82 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.22 97.27 97.27 1.81231 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 25 54.84 87.17 98.27 98.27 1.82 53.78 85.23 97.29 97.29 1.81 53.77 85.22 97.27 97.27 1.81232 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 100.35 55.32 81.78 100.35 1.86 94.76 53.78 80.34 94.76 1.76 94.71 53.77 80.33 94.71 1.76233 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 97.85 55.86 80.69 97.85 1.82 92.93 53.78 80.34 92.93 1.72 92.89 53.77 80.33 92.89 1.72234 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 96.58 55.15 81.04 96.58 1.79 90.28 53.78 80.34 90.28 1.68 90.23 53.77 80.32 90.23 1.67235 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 73.04 59.07 81.00 81.00 1.50 69.84 60.11 80.34 80.34 1.49 64.30 53.77 80.33 80.33 1.49236 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 67.04 62.39 80.57 80.57 1.50 61.40 60.45 80.34 80.34 1.49 54.93 57.49 80.33 80.33 1.49237 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 63.88 62.68 81.23 81.23 1.51 53.78 64.63 80.34 80.34 1.49 53.77 58.60 80.33 80.33 1.49238 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 61.53 64.81 80.83 80.83 1.50 53.78 62.70 80.34 80.34 1.49 53.77 56.30 80.33 80.33 1.49239 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 58.42 65.34 82.66 82.66 1.53 53.78 57.76 80.34 80.34 1.49 53.77 56.12 80.33 80.33 1.49240 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 58.00 64.01 83.91 83.91 1.56 53.78 55.44 80.34 80.34 1.49 53.77 56.14 80.32 80.32 1.49241 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 56.21 59.86 84.24 84.24 1.56 53.78 55.74 80.34 80.34 1.49 53.77 55.50 80.32 80.32 1.49242 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 55.01 57.82 91.19 91.19 1.69 53.78 54.70 80.33 80.33 1.49 53.77 54.44 80.32 80.32 1.49243 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 54.70 55.33 88.59 88.59 1.64 53.78 54.03 85.52 85.52 1.59 53.77 53.77 85.06 85.06 1.58244 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 54.74 56.10 87.50 87.50 1.62 53.78 54.03 82.33 82.33 1.53 53.77 53.77 81.78 81.78 1.52245 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 99.37 54.76 84.26 99.37 1.84 97.20 53.78 81.21 97.20 1.80 97.18 53.77 80.76 97.18 1.80246 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 99.37 54.76 83.30 99.37 1.84 97.20 53.78 81.14 97.20 1.80 97.18 53.77 80.69 97.18 1.80247 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 99.34 54.79 81.97 99.34 1.84 97.17 53.78 80.33 97.17 1.80 97.14 53.77 80.32 97.14 1.80248 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 98.81 55.14 81.02 98.81 1.83 97.08 53.78 80.33 97.08 1.80 97.06 53.77 80.32 97.06 1.80249 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 98.68 55.69 81.58 98.68 1.83 96.90 53.78 80.33 96.90 1.80 96.87 53.77 80.32 96.87 1.80250 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 100.23 55.42 80.82 100.23 1.86 96.54 53.78 80.34 96.54 1.79 96.51 53.77 80.32 96.51 1.79251 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 101.07 54.58 81.24 101.07 1.88 95.88 53.78 80.34 95.88 1.78 95.84 53.77 80.33 95.84 1.78252 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 100.34 55.29 81.78 100.34 1.86 94.75 53.78 80.34 94.75 1.76 94.70 53.77 80.33 94.70 1.76253 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 89.54 97.56 97.56 1.81 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80254 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 91.66 98.14 98.14 1.82 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80255 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 91.53 99.95 99.95 1.85 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80256 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 89.20 99.43 99.43 1.85 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80257 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 86.95 102.10 102.10 1.89 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80258 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.78 103.63 103.63 1.92 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80259 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.54 102.66 102.66 1.91 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80260 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 86.96 103.97 103.97 1.93 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80261 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.80 104.59 104.59 1.94 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80262 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.28 102.64 102.64 1.90 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80263 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.20 98.17 98.17 1.82 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80264 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.67 97.67 97.67 1.81 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80265 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.15 97.97 97.97 1.82 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80266 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.64 97.24 97.24 1.80 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80267 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.77 97.32 97.32 1.81 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80268 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.03 97.59 97.59 1.81 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80269 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.08 97.15 97.15 1.80 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80270 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 30 54.39 87.24 97.15 97.15 1.80 53.78 86.72 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.71 96.86 96.86 1.80271 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 30 54.40 87.77 97.23 97.23 1.80 53.78 86.73 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.72 96.86 96.86 1.80272 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 30 54.40 88.09 97.83 97.83 1.82 53.78 86.73 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.72 96.86 96.86 1.80273 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 30 54.40 89.56 97.54 97.54 1.81 53.78 86.73 96.88 96.88 1.80 53.77 86.72 96.86 96.86 1.80274 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 100.07 55.17 81.86 100.07 1.86 95.14 53.78 80.43 95.14 1.77 95.08 53.77 80.42 95.08 1.76275 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 97.45 55.38 80.66 97.45 1.81 93.67 53.78 80.43 93.67 1.74 93.56 53.77 80.42 93.56 1.74276 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 98.94 54.78 81.19 98.94 1.84 91.30 53.78 80.43 91.30 1.69 91.18 53.77 80.42 91.18 1.69277 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 73.32 59.10 81.06 81.06 1.50 69.25 61.48 80.44 80.44 1.49 63.79 55.65 80.42 80.42 1.49278 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 67.83 63.49 80.69 80.69 1.50 62.34 62.67 80.43 80.43 1.49 55.94 56.47 80.42 80.42 1.49279 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 64.43 64.17 81.36 81.36 1.51 53.78 63.67 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 60.37 80.42 80.42 1.49280 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 62.15 65.08 80.88 80.88 1.50 53.78 65.26 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 57.67 80.42 80.42 1.49281 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 58.83 65.66 82.85 82.85 1.54 53.78 60.48 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 55.73 80.42 80.42 1.49282 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 58.41 64.54 84.02 84.02 1.56 53.78 55.99 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 55.87 80.42 80.42 1.49283 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 57.34 61.52 84.55 84.55 1.57 53.78 55.36 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 54.98 80.42 80.42 1.49284 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 54.53 56.70 87.74 87.74 1.63 53.78 54.24 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 53.94 80.42 80.42 1.49285 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 54.63 55.71 88.76 88.76 1.65 53.78 53.95 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 53.77 80.42 80.42 1.49286 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 54.82 56.67 87.59 87.59 1.63 53.78 53.88 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 53.77 80.42 80.42 1.49287 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 98.86 54.34 85.54 98.86 1.83 53.78 53.86 80.43 80.43 1.49 53.77 53.77 80.60 80.60 1.50288 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 98.86 54.33 85.50 98.86 1.83 96.84 53.78 83.24 96.84 1.80 96.82 53.77 82.82 96.82 1.80289 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 98.84 54.41 84.21 98.84 1.83 96.82 53.78 82.00 96.82 1.80 96.80 53.77 81.55 96.80 1.80290 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 98.30 54.85 81.52 98.30 1.82 96.78 53.78 80.43 96.78 1.80 96.75 53.77 80.42 96.75 1.80291 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 98.64 55.27 81.58 98.64 1.83 96.67 53.78 80.43 96.67 1.79 96.65 53.77 80.42 96.65 1.79292 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 100.06 55.05 80.75 100.06 1.86 96.45 53.78 80.43 96.45 1.79 96.42 53.77 80.42 96.42 1.79293 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 100.87 54.16 81.40 100.87 1.87 95.99 53.78 80.43 95.99 1.78 95.96 53.77 80.42 95.96 1.78294 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 100.06 55.15 81.86 100.06 1.86 95.13 53.78 80.43 95.13 1.77 95.07 53.77 80.42 95.07 1.76295 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 91.34 96.93 96.93 1.80 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79296 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 93.61 97.90 97.90 1.82 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79297 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 93.59 99.45 99.45 1.85 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79298 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 91.31 98.68 98.68 1.83 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79299 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 87.99 102.19 102.19 1.90 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79300 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.80 103.50 103.50 1.92 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79301 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.40 102.72 102.72 1.91 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79302 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.01 105.76 105.76 1.96 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79303 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.82 106.19 106.19 1.97 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79304 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.15 104.00 104.00 1.93 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79305 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.24 99.27 99.27 1.84 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79306 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.61 97.42 97.42 1.81 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79307 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.17 97.55 97.55 1.81 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79308 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.70 96.86 96.86 1.80 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79309 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.70 97.03 97.03 1.80 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 2


310 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.06 97.18 97.18 1.80 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79311 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.16 96.79 96.79 1.80 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79312 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 35 54.14 88.30 96.79 96.79 1.80 53.78 87.76 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.74 96.50 96.50 1.79313 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 35 54.12 88.83 96.91 96.91 1.80 53.78 87.77 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.75 96.50 96.50 1.79314 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 35 54.12 89.03 97.43 97.43 1.81 53.78 87.77 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.75 96.50 96.50 1.79315 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 35 54.12 91.36 96.91 96.91 1.80 53.78 87.77 96.52 96.52 1.79 53.78 87.75 96.50 96.50 1.79316 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 99.58 54.97 81.91 99.58 1.85 95.28 53.78 80.49 95.28 1.77 95.25 53.77 80.48 95.25 1.77317 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 99.37 55.14 80.68 99.37 1.84 94.07 53.78 80.49 94.07 1.75 93.97 53.77 80.48 93.97 1.74318 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 100.90 54.48 81.30 100.90 1.87 92.08 53.78 80.49 92.08 1.71 91.83 53.77 80.48 91.83 1.70319 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 73.50 59.29 81.09 81.09 1.50 69.07 62.52 80.49 80.49 1.49 64.02 57.19 80.48 80.48 1.49320 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 68.52 64.28 80.77 80.77 1.50 62.74 63.05 80.49 80.49 1.49 56.80 54.97 80.48 80.48 1.49321 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 64.76 65.65 81.44 81.44 1.51 54.54 64.03 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 61.67 80.48 80.48 1.49322 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 62.67 65.26 80.91 80.91 1.50 53.78 65.82 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 58.87 80.48 80.48 1.49323 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 59.30 65.86 82.97 82.97 1.54 53.78 62.47 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 56.75 80.48 80.48 1.49324 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 58.90 64.86 84.09 84.09 1.56 53.78 57.54 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 55.25 80.48 80.48 1.49325 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 57.81 62.12 84.66 84.66 1.57 53.78 54.47 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 54.56 80.48 80.48 1.49326 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 55.34 58.21 87.78 87.78 1.63 53.78 54.33 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.47 80.47 1.49327 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 54.01 55.65 88.74 88.74 1.65 53.78 53.90 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.47 80.47 1.49328 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 54.71 55.49 87.51 87.51 1.62 53.78 53.82 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.47 80.47 1.49329 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 54.35 55.90 84.12 84.12 1.56 53.78 53.82 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.47 80.47 1.49330 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 54.39 55.96 81.05 81.05 1.50 53.78 53.83 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.47 80.47 1.49331 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 98.39 54.13 85.83 98.39 1.83 53.78 53.82 80.49 80.49 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.47 80.47 1.49332 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 97.84 54.61 83.22 97.84 1.82 96.47 53.78 81.30 96.47 1.79 96.45 53.77 80.76 96.45 1.79333 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 98.49 54.93 81.57 98.49 1.83 96.41 53.78 80.49 96.41 1.79 96.39 53.77 80.47 96.39 1.79334 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 99.71 54.84 80.67 99.71 1.85 96.27 53.78 80.49 96.27 1.79 96.24 53.77 80.48 96.24 1.79335 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 100.47 54.00 81.52 100.47 1.86 95.95 53.78 80.49 95.95 1.78 95.92 53.77 80.48 95.92 1.78336 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 99.57 54.94 81.91 99.57 1.85 95.28 53.78 80.49 95.28 1.77 95.24 53.77 80.48 95.24 1.77337 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 92.73 96.48 96.48 1.79 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79338 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 95.09 97.64 97.64 1.81 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79339 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 95.14 98.98 98.98 1.84 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79340 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 92.88 98.52 98.52 1.83 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79341 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 88.77 102.17 102.17 1.90 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79342 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 89.54 103.31 103.31 1.92 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79343 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 89.01 104.10 104.10 1.93 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79344 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 88.77 107.02 107.02 1.99 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79345 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 89.55 107.29 107.29 1.99 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79346 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 88.88 104.92 104.92 1.95 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79347 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 88.98 99.97 99.97 1.86 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79348 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 89.28 97.19 97.19 1.80 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79349 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 88.90 97.19 97.19 1.80 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79350 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 89.48 96.53 96.53 1.79 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79351 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 89.35 96.78 96.78 1.80 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79352 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 88.81 96.83 96.83 1.80 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79353 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 88.97 96.48 96.48 1.79 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79354 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 40 54.08 89.08 96.48 96.48 1.79 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.50 96.19 96.19 1.79355 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 40 54.06 89.60 96.62 96.62 1.79 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.51 96.19 96.19 1.79356 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 40 54.06 89.70 97.06 97.06 1.80 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.51 96.19 96.19 1.79357 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 40 54.06 92.75 96.50 96.50 1.79 53.78 88.52 96.21 96.21 1.79 53.78 88.51 96.19 96.19 1.79358 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 99.55 54.78 81.95 99.55 1.85 95.31 53.78 80.53 95.31 1.77 95.29 53.77 80.52 95.29 1.77359 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 101.08 55.04 80.71 101.08 1.88 94.26 53.78 80.53 94.26 1.75 94.22 53.77 80.51 94.22 1.75360 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 102.76 54.25 81.37 102.76 1.91 92.57 53.78 80.53 92.57 1.72 92.30 53.77 80.51 92.30 1.71361 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 73.49 59.31 81.11 81.11 1.51 69.19 63.03 80.53 80.53 1.49 63.77 57.73 80.52 80.52 1.49362 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 68.91 64.67 80.83 80.83 1.50 63.52 64.51 80.53 80.53 1.49 58.42 55.03 80.52 80.52 1.49363 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 65.02 66.65 81.51 81.51 1.51 55.08 65.22 80.53 80.53 1.49 53.78 60.96 80.52 80.52 1.49364 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 63.07 66.08 80.94 80.94 1.50 53.78 65.30 80.53 80.53 1.49 53.78 60.08 80.52 80.52 1.49365 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 59.73 66.01 83.05 83.05 1.54 53.78 64.18 80.53 80.53 1.49 53.78 57.34 80.52 80.52 1.49366 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 59.32 65.06 84.12 84.12 1.56 53.78 58.52 80.53 80.53 1.49 53.78 54.95 80.51 80.51 1.49367 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 58.02 62.47 84.67 84.67 1.57 53.78 54.67 80.53 80.53 1.49 53.78 54.67 80.51 80.51 1.49368 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 56.01 60.24 87.73 87.73 1.63 53.78 54.28 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.51 80.51 1.49369 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 54.21 55.35 88.63 88.63 1.64 53.78 53.81 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.51 80.51 1.49370 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 54.48 55.30 87.34 87.34 1.62 53.78 53.83 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.51 80.51 1.49371 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 54.32 55.67 83.90 83.90 1.56 53.78 53.83 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.51 80.51 1.49372 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 54.36 55.63 81.02 81.02 1.50 53.78 53.83 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.51 80.51 1.49373 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 54.43 55.33 80.69 80.69 1.50 53.78 53.82 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.51 80.51 1.49374 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 54.21 55.72 81.36 81.36 1.51 53.78 53.80 80.52 80.52 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.51 80.51 1.49375 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 98.29 54.69 81.56 98.29 1.82 96.15 53.78 80.52 96.15 1.78 96.13 53.77 80.51 96.13 1.78376 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 99.29 54.65 80.70 99.29 1.84 96.07 53.78 80.53 96.07 1.78 96.04 53.77 80.51 96.04 1.78377 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 99.97 54.02 81.62 99.97 1.86 95.84 53.78 80.53 95.84 1.78 95.81 53.77 80.51 95.81 1.78378 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 99.56 54.75 81.95 99.56 1.85 95.31 53.78 80.53 95.31 1.77 95.29 53.77 80.52 95.29 1.77379 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 93.81 96.22 96.22 1.79 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78380 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 96.22 97.41 97.41 1.81 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78381 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 96.30 98.55 98.55 1.83 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78382 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 94.04 98.60 98.60 1.83 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78383 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.47 102.13 102.13 1.90 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78384 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 90.09 103.15 103.15 1.91 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78385 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.45 105.08 105.08 1.95 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78386 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.34 107.89 107.89 2.00 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78387 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 90.10 108.04 108.04 2.00 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78388 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.43 105.51 105.51 1.96 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78389 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.52 100.41 100.41 1.86 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78390 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.76 97.00 97.00 1.80 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78391 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.58 96.87 96.87 1.80 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78392 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 90.07 96.25 96.25 1.79 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78393 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.82 96.57 96.57 1.79 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78394 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.38 96.53 96.53 1.79 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78395 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.60 96.22 96.22 1.79 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78396 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 45 54.04 89.68 96.22 96.22 1.79 53.78 89.09 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.07 95.93 95.93 1.78397 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 45 54.02 90.19 96.36 96.36 1.79 53.78 89.10 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.08 95.93 95.93 1.78398 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 45 54.02 90.20 96.74 96.74 1.80 53.78 89.10 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.08 95.93 95.93 1.78399 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 45 54.02 93.83 96.22 96.22 1.79 53.78 89.10 95.95 95.95 1.78 53.78 89.08 95.93 95.93 1.78400 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 100.41 54.63 81.98 100.41 1.86 95.32 53.78 80.55 95.32 1.77 95.28 53.77 80.54 95.28 1.77401 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 102.62 54.96 80.73 102.62 1.90 94.46 53.78 80.55 94.46 1.75 94.36 53.77 80.54 94.36 1.75402 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 104.33 54.08 81.43 104.33 1.94 92.86 53.78 80.55 92.86 1.72 92.64 53.77 80.54 92.64 1.72403 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 73.44 59.34 81.12 81.12 1.51 69.16 63.11 80.56 80.56 1.49 63.61 58.05 80.55 80.55 1.49404 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 69.23 64.81 80.87 80.87 1.50 64.07 65.11 80.56 80.56 1.49 59.56 55.83 80.55 80.55 1.49405 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 65.15 67.23 81.57 81.57 1.51 54.96 65.46 80.56 80.56 1.49 53.78 60.51 80.54 80.54 1.49406 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 63.34 67.27 80.96 80.96 1.50 53.78 65.89 80.56 80.56 1.49 53.78 61.77 80.54 80.54 1.49407 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 60.11 66.18 83.10 83.10 1.54 53.78 65.88 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 57.04 80.54 80.54 1.49408 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 59.59 65.20 84.13 84.13 1.56 53.78 59.50 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 55.34 80.54 80.54 1.49409 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 58.19 62.68 84.62 84.62 1.57 53.78 55.75 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 54.23 80.54 80.54 1.49410 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 56.40 59.73 87.62 87.62 1.63 53.78 53.96 80.56 80.56 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49411 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 54.45 55.85 88.47 88.47 1.64 53.78 53.81 80.58 80.58 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49412 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 54.16 55.21 87.13 87.13 1.62 53.78 53.82 80.59 80.59 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 2


413 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 54.38 54.98 83.65 83.65 1.55 53.78 53.82 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49414 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 54.39 54.98 81.00 81.00 1.50 53.78 53.82 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49415 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 54.15 55.30 80.72 80.72 1.50 53.78 53.82 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49416 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 54.43 56.19 81.43 81.43 1.51 53.78 53.81 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49417 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 56.71 59.62 81.54 81.54 1.51 53.78 53.90 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 53.77 80.54 80.54 1.49418 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 98.95 54.48 80.72 98.95 1.84 53.78 56.09 80.55 80.55 1.49 53.78 54.23 80.54 80.54 1.49419 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 99.47 54.02 81.69 99.47 1.85 95.69 53.78 80.55 95.69 1.78 95.68 53.77 80.54 95.68 1.78420 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 100.42 54.59 81.98 100.42 1.86 95.32 53.78 80.55 95.32 1.77 95.27 53.77 80.54 95.27 1.77421 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 94.66 95.99 95.99 1.78 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78422 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 97.09 97.19 97.19 1.80 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78423 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 97.19 98.18 98.18 1.82 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78424 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 94.91 98.66 98.66 1.83 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78425 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.30 102.10 102.10 1.89 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78426 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.52 103.02 103.02 1.91 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78427 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 89.78 105.77 105.77 1.96 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78428 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 89.83 108.49 108.49 2.01 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78429 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.54 108.52 108.52 2.01 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78430 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 89.86 105.88 105.88 1.96 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78431 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 89.93 100.64 100.64 1.87 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78432 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.13 96.83 96.83 1.80 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78433 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.13 96.60 96.60 1.79 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78434 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.53 96.00 96.00 1.78 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78435 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.17 96.39 96.39 1.79 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78436 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 89.82 96.28 96.28 1.79 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78437 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.10 95.99 95.99 1.78 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78438 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 50 54.00 90.15 95.99 95.99 1.78 53.78 89.54 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.52 95.71 95.71 1.78439 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 50 53.98 90.66 96.14 96.14 1.78 53.78 89.55 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.53 95.71 95.71 1.78440 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 50 53.98 90.59 96.46 96.46 1.79 53.78 89.55 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.53 95.71 95.71 1.78441 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 50 53.98 94.68 95.99 95.99 1.78 53.78 89.55 95.73 95.73 1.78 53.78 89.53 95.71 95.71 1.78442 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 101.25 54.51 82.01 101.25 1.88 95.30 53.78 80.57 95.30 1.77 95.22 53.77 80.56 95.22 1.77443 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 104.00 54.90 80.75 104.00 1.93 94.63 53.78 80.57 94.63 1.76 94.45 53.77 80.56 94.45 1.75444 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 105.69 53.98 81.47 105.69 1.96 93.17 53.78 80.57 93.17 1.73 92.88 53.77 80.56 92.88 1.72445 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 73.40 59.38 81.13 81.13 1.51 69.14 63.15 80.58 80.58 1.50 63.47 58.19 80.57 80.57 1.50446 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 69.42 64.88 80.91 80.91 1.50 64.01 65.66 80.58 80.58 1.50 59.56 56.90 80.56 80.56 1.50447 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 65.26 67.79 81.61 81.61 1.51 55.46 66.14 80.58 80.58 1.50 53.78 60.69 80.56 80.56 1.49448 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 63.60 68.11 80.98 80.98 1.50 53.78 66.53 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 63.15 80.56 80.56 1.49449 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 60.41 66.55 83.14 83.14 1.54 53.78 66.07 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 58.57 80.56 80.56 1.49450 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 59.78 65.25 84.13 84.13 1.56 53.78 60.80 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 55.80 80.56 80.56 1.49451 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 58.45 62.80 84.54 84.54 1.57 53.78 56.27 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49452 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 56.60 59.55 87.49 87.49 1.62 53.78 53.81 80.58 80.58 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49453 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 54.61 56.40 88.30 88.30 1.64 53.78 53.82 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49454 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 54.33 55.25 86.92 86.92 1.61 53.78 53.81 80.72 80.72 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49455 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 54.26 54.88 83.40 83.40 1.55 53.78 53.80 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49456 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 54.25 54.91 80.97 80.97 1.50 53.78 53.81 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49457 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 54.40 55.21 80.74 80.74 1.50 53.78 53.81 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49458 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 54.58 57.51 81.49 81.49 1.51 53.78 53.84 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49459 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 56.86 59.80 81.53 81.53 1.51 53.78 53.78 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49460 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 58.71 63.21 80.74 80.74 1.50 53.78 56.85 80.57 80.57 1.50 53.78 53.77 80.56 80.56 1.49461 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 98.98 54.02 81.76 98.98 1.84 95.55 53.78 80.57 95.55 1.77 95.53 53.77 80.56 95.53 1.77462 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 101.26 54.48 82.01 101.26 1.88 95.29 53.78 80.57 95.29 1.77 95.22 53.77 80.56 95.22 1.77463 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 97.65 95.65 97.65 1.81 53.79 91.47 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.47 94.57 94.57 1.75464 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 99.85 96.43 99.85 1.85 53.79 91.60 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.60 94.57 94.57 1.75465 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 99.66 96.31 99.66 1.85 53.79 91.67 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.67 94.57 94.57 1.75466 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 97.02 99.58 99.58 1.85 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75467 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.36 102.56 102.56 1.90 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75468 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.40 103.06 103.06 1.91 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75469 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 91.70 106.47 106.47 1.98 53.79 91.45 94.63 94.63 1.76 53.79 91.45 94.63 94.63 1.76470 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.22 108.69 108.69 2.02 53.79 91.45 94.84 94.84 1.76 53.79 91.45 94.84 94.84 1.76471 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.54 108.22 108.22 2.01 53.79 91.45 95.06 95.06 1.76 53.79 91.45 95.06 95.06 1.76472 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 91.70 105.08 105.08 1.95 53.79 91.45 95.04 95.04 1.76 53.79 91.45 95.04 95.04 1.76473 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 91.70 99.36 99.36 1.84 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75474 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 91.97 96.05 96.05 1.78 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75475 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.79 95.24 95.24 1.77 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75476 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.63 94.83 94.83 1.76 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75477 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 91.80 95.45 95.45 1.77 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75478 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.36 94.98 94.98 1.76 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75479 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.44 94.83 94.83 1.76 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75480 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.24 94.83 94.83 1.76 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.45 94.57 94.57 1.75481 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 92.79 94.85 94.85 1.76 53.79 91.46 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.46 94.57 94.57 1.75482 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 93.12 94.86 94.86 1.76 53.79 91.46 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.46 94.57 94.57 1.75483 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 100 53.97 97.67 95.67 97.67 1.81 53.79 91.50 94.57 94.57 1.75 53.79 91.50 94.57 94.57 1.75484 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 62.02 70.47 82.18 82.18 1.52 53.79 69.52 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 69.52 80.64 80.64 1.50485 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 111.96 54.91 80.81 111.96 2.08 94.55 53.78 80.64 94.55 1.75 94.55 53.78 80.64 94.55 1.75486 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 73.40 58.29 81.64 81.64 1.51 94.55 53.78 80.64 94.55 1.75 94.55 53.78 80.64 94.55 1.75487 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 72.82 59.89 81.13 81.13 1.51 68.86 63.36 80.64 80.64 1.50 68.86 63.36 80.64 80.64 1.50488 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 70.20 65.29 81.03 81.03 1.50 64.49 67.09 80.64 80.64 1.50 64.49 67.09 80.64 80.64 1.50489 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 65.56 68.78 81.87 81.87 1.52 57.41 69.62 80.64 80.64 1.50 57.41 69.62 80.64 80.64 1.50490 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.25 70.36 81.18 81.18 1.51 53.79 70.71 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 70.71 80.64 80.64 1.50491 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 61.56 70.32 83.11 83.11 1.54 53.79 69.31 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 69.31 80.64 80.64 1.50492 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 60.33 68.27 83.92 83.92 1.56 53.79 66.81 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 66.81 80.64 80.64 1.50493 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.23 64.99 83.73 83.73 1.55 53.79 62.08 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 62.08 80.64 80.64 1.50494 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 57.15 61.08 86.42 86.42 1.60 53.79 53.97 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 53.97 80.64 80.64 1.50495 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 55.62 58.01 86.98 86.98 1.61 53.79 53.78 80.76 80.76 1.50 53.79 53.78 80.76 80.76 1.50496 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 55.35 57.13 86.26 86.26 1.60 53.79 53.78 81.82 81.82 1.52 53.79 53.78 81.82 81.82 1.52497 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 54.98 55.05 84.61 84.61 1.57 53.79 53.78 82.02 82.02 1.52 53.79 53.78 82.02 82.02 1.52498 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 55.01 55.11 80.88 80.88 1.50 53.79 53.78 80.97 80.97 1.50 53.79 53.78 80.97 80.97 1.50499 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 55.40 57.27 80.84 80.84 1.50 53.79 53.78 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 53.78 80.64 80.64 1.50500 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 55.62 58.32 81.86 81.86 1.52 53.79 53.78 80.63 80.63 1.50 53.79 53.78 80.63 80.63 1.50501 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 57.45 61.57 81.55 81.55 1.51 53.79 54.54 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 54.54 80.64 80.64 1.50502 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.43 65.41 80.84 80.84 1.50 53.79 62.61 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 62.61 80.64 80.64 1.50503 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 60.40 68.72 82.13 82.13 1.52 53.79 67.35 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 67.35 80.64 80.64 1.50504 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 62.00 70.47 82.18 82.18 1.53 53.79 69.53 80.64 80.64 1.50 53.79 69.53 80.64 80.64 1.50505 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 98.13 96.32 98.13 1.82 53.83 92.89 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.89 93.44 93.44 1.73506 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 101.68 97.42 101.68 1.89 53.83 96.68 93.44 96.68 1.79 53.83 96.68 93.44 96.68 1.79507 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 103.84 97.03 103.84 1.93 53.83 101.88 93.44 101.88 1.89 53.83 101.88 93.44 101.88 1.89508 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 103.51 102.03 103.51 1.92 53.83 104.57 93.44 104.57 1.94 53.83 104.57 93.44 104.57 1.94509 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 100.64 104.79 104.79 1.94 53.83 104.68 93.44 104.68 1.94 53.83 104.68 93.44 104.68 1.94510 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 95.30 105.01 105.01 1.95 53.83 102.20 93.44 102.20 1.90 53.83 102.20 93.44 102.20 1.90511 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 93.12 103.95 103.95 1.93 53.83 97.21 94.25 97.21 1.80 53.83 97.21 94.25 97.21 1.80512 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 94.40 108.32 108.32 2.01 53.83 92.87 101.49 101.49 1.88 53.83 92.87 101.49 101.49 1.88513 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 95.24 110.02 110.02 2.04 53.83 92.87 106.22 106.22 1.97 53.83 92.87 106.22 106.22 1.97514 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 94.50 109.01 109.01 2.02 53.83 92.87 108.34 108.34 2.01 53.83 92.87 108.34 108.34 2.01515 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 93.45 105.40 105.40 1.96 53.83 92.87 107.79 107.79 2.00 53.83 92.87 107.79 107.79 2.00

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 2


516 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 95.53 99.22 99.22 1.84 53.83 92.87 104.58 104.58 1.94 53.83 92.87 104.58 104.58 1.94517 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 96.56 94.78 96.56 1.79 53.83 92.87 98.79 98.79 1.83 53.83 92.87 98.79 98.79 1.83518 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 95.52 93.69 95.52 1.77 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73519 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 93.38 94.50 94.50 1.75 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73520 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 550 54.35 94.87 94.16 94.87 1.76 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73521 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 550 54.37 94.67 93.69 94.67 1.76 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73522 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 550 54.37 94.02 93.69 94.02 1.74 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73523 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 550 54.37 94.92 93.69 94.92 1.76 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73524 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 550 54.37 94.67 93.86 94.67 1.76 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.87 93.44 93.44 1.73525 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 550 54.37 98.15 96.33 98.15 1.82 53.83 92.91 93.44 93.44 1.73 53.83 92.91 93.44 93.44 1.73526 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 62.16 67.41 82.43 82.43 1.53 53.83 71.03 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.83 71.03 80.67 80.67 1.50527 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 64.66 68.12 80.84 80.84 1.50 53.83 71.75 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.83 71.75 80.66 80.66 1.50528 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 69.70 58.46 81.74 81.74 1.52 69.19 59.42 80.67 80.67 1.50 69.19 59.42 80.67 80.67 1.50529 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 70.59 62.37 81.10 81.10 1.51 67.26 65.00 80.67 80.67 1.50 67.26 65.00 80.67 80.67 1.50530 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 69.94 65.54 81.15 81.15 1.51 63.68 68.67 80.67 80.67 1.50 63.68 68.67 80.67 80.67 1.50531 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 67.80 67.56 82.23 82.23 1.53 59.05 71.17 80.67 80.67 1.50 59.05 71.17 80.67 80.67 1.50532 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 64.37 68.09 81.54 81.54 1.51 53.83 71.79 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.83 71.79 80.67 80.67 1.50533 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 61.72 67.21 82.77 82.77 1.54 53.83 70.85 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.83 70.85 80.67 80.67 1.50534 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 60.60 65.12 83.84 83.84 1.56 53.83 68.30 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.83 68.30 80.66 80.66 1.50535 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.53 61.71 83.73 83.73 1.55 53.83 63.91 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.83 63.91 80.66 80.66 1.50536 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 57.48 58.04 85.20 85.20 1.58 53.83 59.32 80.73 80.73 1.50 53.83 59.32 80.73 80.73 1.50537 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 56.59 58.27 87.21 87.21 1.62 53.83 53.83 85.82 85.82 1.59 53.83 53.83 85.82 85.82 1.59538 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 56.51 57.76 87.65 87.65 1.63 53.83 53.78 88.82 88.82 1.65 53.83 53.78 88.82 88.82 1.65539 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 56.21 57.16 85.98 85.98 1.60 53.83 53.78 89.64 89.64 1.66 53.83 53.78 89.64 89.64 1.66540 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 56.24 57.20 82.19 82.19 1.53 53.83 53.78 88.25 88.25 1.64 53.83 53.78 88.25 88.25 1.64541 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 56.54 57.84 81.50 81.50 1.51 53.83 53.78 84.68 84.68 1.57 53.83 53.78 84.68 84.68 1.57542 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 56.55 58.30 82.34 82.34 1.53 53.83 53.91 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.83 53.91 80.66 80.66 1.50543 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 57.79 57.96 81.82 81.82 1.52 53.83 59.79 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.83 59.79 80.66 80.66 1.50544 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.74 62.14 81.25 81.25 1.51 53.83 64.88 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.83 64.88 80.66 80.66 1.50545 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 60.66 65.45 82.54 82.54 1.53 53.83 68.77 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.83 68.77 80.66 80.66 1.50546 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 62.14 67.41 82.43 82.43 1.53 53.83 71.05 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.83 71.05 80.67 80.67 1.50547 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 98.36 96.39 98.36 1.83 53.87 93.02 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.02 93.32 93.32 1.73548 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 102.41 97.72 102.41 1.90 53.87 100.02 93.32 100.02 1.86 53.87 100.02 93.32 100.02 1.86549 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 104.78 97.43 104.78 1.94 53.87 105.79 93.32 105.79 1.96 53.87 105.79 93.32 105.79 1.96550 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 104.55 102.21 104.55 1.94 53.87 108.94 93.32 108.94 2.02 53.87 108.94 93.32 108.94 2.02551 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 101.82 104.97 104.97 1.95 53.87 109.40 93.32 109.40 2.03 53.87 109.40 93.32 109.40 2.03552 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 96.61 105.15 105.15 1.95 53.87 107.17 93.32 107.17 1.99 53.87 107.17 93.32 107.17 1.99553 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 93.26 105.05 105.05 1.95 53.87 102.29 99.25 102.29 1.90 53.87 102.29 99.25 102.29 1.90554 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 94.66 109.41 109.41 2.03 53.87 94.89 106.48 106.48 1.98 53.87 94.89 106.48 106.48 1.98555 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 95.76 111.16 111.16 2.06 53.87 93.00 111.08 111.08 2.06 53.87 93.00 111.08 111.08 2.06556 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 95.00 110.18 110.18 2.04 53.87 93.00 112.95 112.95 2.10 53.87 93.00 112.95 112.95 2.10557 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 93.68 106.47 106.47 1.98 53.87 93.00 112.03 112.03 2.08 53.87 93.00 112.03 112.03 2.08558 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 96.18 100.14 100.14 1.86 53.87 93.00 108.36 108.36 2.01 53.87 93.00 108.36 108.36 2.01559 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 97.12 94.89 97.12 1.80 53.87 93.00 102.01 102.01 1.89 53.87 93.00 102.01 102.01 1.89560 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 96.01 93.57 96.01 1.78 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73561 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.66 93.63 94.37 94.37 1.75 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73562 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.68 95.26 94.14 95.26 1.77 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73563 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.68 94.97 93.61 94.97 1.76 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.00 93.32 93.32 1.73564 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.68 94.18 93.57 94.18 1.75 53.87 93.01 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.01 93.32 93.32 1.73565 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.68 95.08 93.57 95.08 1.76 53.87 93.01 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.01 93.32 93.32 1.73566 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.68 94.92 93.83 94.92 1.76 53.87 93.01 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.01 93.32 93.32 1.73567 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000 54.68 98.38 96.40 98.38 1.83 53.87 93.04 93.32 93.32 1.73 53.87 93.04 93.32 93.32 1.73568 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 63.65 65.63 82.48 82.48 1.53 53.87 69.10 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.87 69.10 80.67 80.67 1.50569 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 65.85 66.89 80.84 80.84 1.50 55.35 70.50 80.67 80.67 1.50 55.35 70.50 80.67 80.67 1.50570 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 68.48 58.66 81.75 81.75 1.52 67.59 61.01 80.67 80.67 1.50 67.59 61.01 80.67 80.67 1.50571 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 69.91 63.15 81.11 81.11 1.51 66.43 65.84 80.67 80.67 1.50 66.43 65.84 80.67 80.67 1.50572 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 69.93 65.55 81.17 81.17 1.51 63.69 68.65 80.67 80.67 1.50 63.69 68.65 80.67 80.67 1.50573 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 68.37 66.98 82.27 82.27 1.53 60.17 70.23 80.67 80.67 1.50 60.17 70.23 80.67 80.67 1.50574 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 65.48 66.79 81.59 81.59 1.51 54.35 70.46 80.67 80.67 1.50 54.35 70.46 80.67 80.67 1.50575 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 63.26 65.36 82.77 82.77 1.54 53.87 68.73 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.87 68.73 80.67 80.67 1.50576 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 61.38 62.46 83.94 83.94 1.56 53.87 65.85 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.87 65.85 80.67 80.67 1.50577 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 60.37 58.65 83.84 83.84 1.56 53.87 61.32 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.87 61.32 80.66 80.66 1.50578 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 58.35 56.36 85.14 85.14 1.58 53.87 55.87 81.39 81.39 1.51 53.87 55.87 81.39 81.39 1.51579 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.08 55.83 87.31 87.31 1.62 53.87 53.88 86.51 86.51 1.61 53.87 53.88 86.51 86.51 1.61580 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 56.98 55.01 87.80 87.80 1.63 53.87 53.78 89.51 89.51 1.66 53.87 53.78 89.51 89.51 1.66581 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 56.67 54.53 86.11 86.11 1.60 53.87 53.79 90.31 90.31 1.68 53.87 53.79 90.31 90.31 1.68582 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 56.70 54.54 82.31 82.31 1.53 53.87 53.79 88.89 88.89 1.65 53.87 53.79 88.89 88.89 1.65583 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.02 55.09 81.59 81.59 1.51 53.87 53.79 85.27 85.27 1.58 53.87 53.79 85.27 85.27 1.58584 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.05 55.93 82.42 82.42 1.53 53.87 53.93 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.87 53.93 80.66 80.66 1.50585 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 58.64 56.37 81.88 81.88 1.52 53.87 56.81 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.87 56.81 80.66 80.66 1.50586 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 60.57 59.28 81.31 81.31 1.51 53.87 61.53 80.66 80.66 1.50 53.87 61.53 80.66 80.66 1.50587 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 61.43 62.96 82.61 82.61 1.53 53.87 66.40 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.87 66.40 80.67 80.67 1.50588 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 63.63 65.63 82.48 82.48 1.53 53.87 69.08 80.67 80.67 1.50 53.87 69.08 80.67 80.67 1.50589 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 98.53 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 94.54 99.57 99.57 1.85 81.33 93.14 97.38 97.38 1.81590 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 102.70 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 103.74 99.57 103.74 1.93 81.33 99.42 97.38 99.42 1.84591 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 105.26 102.73 105.26 1.95 87.63 110.38 99.57 110.38 2.05 81.33 105.53 97.38 105.53 1.96592 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 105.19 102.73 105.19 1.95 87.63 114.29 99.57 114.29 2.12 81.33 109.02 97.38 109.02 2.02593 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 102.56 104.54 104.54 1.94 87.63 115.37 99.57 115.37 2.14 81.32 109.85 97.38 109.85 2.04594 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 97.49 104.70 104.70 1.94 87.63 113.61 99.57 113.61 2.11 81.32 108.15 97.38 108.15 2.01595 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 96.52 105.71 105.71 1.96 87.63 109.05 105.84 109.05 2.02 81.32 103.78 98.18 103.78 1.93596 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.40 96.52 110.17 110.17 2.04 87.63 101.80 113.23 113.23 2.10 81.32 96.86 105.90 105.90 1.97597 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.53 111.94 111.94 2.08 87.64 93.17 117.84 117.84 2.19 81.32 93.14 111.02 111.02 2.06598 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 111.04 111.04 2.06 87.63 93.17 119.53 119.53 2.22 81.33 93.15 113.40 113.40 2.10599 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 107.40 107.40 1.99 87.63 93.17 118.29 118.29 2.19 81.33 93.15 112.99 112.99 2.10600 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.86 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 114.12 114.12 2.12 81.33 93.15 109.79 109.79 2.04601 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 97.74 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 107.15 107.15 1.99 81.33 93.15 103.89 103.89 1.93602 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.63 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81603 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81604 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81605 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81606 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81607 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81608 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 96.54 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 93.17 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81609 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000000 97.43 98.55 102.73 102.73 1.91 87.63 94.59 99.52 99.52 1.85 81.33 93.15 97.32 97.32 1.81610 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 73.09 72.33 82.71 82.71 1.53 64.76 64.93 80.67 80.67 1.50 64.03 62.60 80.66 80.66 1.50611 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 72.33 69.34 80.84 80.84 1.50 61.71 64.86 80.67 80.67 1.50 61.26 60.83 80.66 80.66 1.50612 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 66.01 61.15 81.97 81.97 1.52 62.52 66.09 80.67 80.67 1.50 57.33 61.24 80.66 80.66 1.50613 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 68.64 64.63 81.32 81.32 1.51 64.25 68.05 80.67 80.67 1.50 58.77 62.89 80.66 80.66 1.50614 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 70.25 65.35 80.97 80.97 1.50 64.29 68.07 80.67 80.67 1.50 58.53 62.62 80.66 80.66 1.50615 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 70.24 65.67 82.20 82.20 1.53 63.28 67.13 80.67 80.67 1.50 58.38 61.59 80.66 80.66 1.50616 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 72.48 69.83 81.53 81.53 1.51 62.10 64.21 80.67 80.67 1.50 61.61 61.07 80.66 80.66 1.50617 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 73.05 72.61 82.54 82.54 1.53 65.11 65.19 80.67 80.67 1.50 64.35 62.81 80.66 80.66 1.50618 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 75.72 74.00 83.81 83.81 1.56 67.75 67.16 80.67 80.67 1.50 66.68 64.30 80.66 80.66 1.50

SimulationStart-

Delay (s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)

NER Size



V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 2


619 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.17 75.70 83.77 83.77 1.55 69.88 68.76 80.67 80.67 1.50 68.52 65.46 80.65 80.65 1.50620 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.09 77.78 84.87 84.87 1.57 71.61 70.05 82.31 82.31 1.53 69.95 66.38 80.65 80.65 1.50621 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 78.01 78.61 87.21 87.21 1.62 72.81 70.94 87.60 87.60 1.63 70.90 66.97 85.07 85.07 1.58622 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 78.85 78.55 87.76 87.76 1.63 73.52 71.47 90.73 90.73 1.68 71.42 67.30 88.37 88.37 1.64623 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 78.96 78.23 86.14 86.14 1.60 73.84 71.72 91.64 91.64 1.70 71.64 67.44 89.50 89.50 1.66624 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 78.98 78.27 82.39 82.39 1.53 73.81 71.69 90.29 90.29 1.68 71.62 67.43 88.43 88.43 1.64625 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 78.80 78.59 81.73 81.73 1.52 73.44 71.42 86.71 86.71 1.61 71.37 67.27 85.18 85.18 1.58626 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.86 78.58 82.56 82.56 1.53 72.65 70.83 81.00 81.00 1.50 70.78 66.90 80.65 80.65 1.50627 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.19 77.61 82.01 82.01 1.52 71.40 69.89 80.67 80.67 1.50 69.78 66.26 80.65 80.65 1.50628 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.08 75.32 81.49 81.49 1.51 69.70 68.63 80.67 80.67 1.50 68.36 65.36 80.65 80.65 1.50629 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 75.42 73.90 82.85 82.85 1.54 67.43 66.93 80.67 80.67 1.50 66.40 64.12 80.66 80.66 1.50630 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 73.07 72.33 82.71 82.71 1.53 64.74 64.91 80.67 80.67 1.50 64.01 62.59 80.66 80.66 1.50

SimulationStart-Delay

(s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size

(Ohm) Va (kV) Vb (kV) Vc (kV) V Max (kV)Ratio

Vmax/Vnom Va (kV) Vb (kV) Vc (kV) V Max (kV)Ratio


Vmax/Vnom1 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 0 71.67 155.36 175.81 175.81 3.26 82.91 74.72 81.53 82.91 1.54 93.04 79.91 74.66 93.04 1.732 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 0 71.66 156.54 177.79 177.79 3.30 82.54 75.17 81.61 82.54 1.53 95.63 81.66 75.88 95.63 1.773 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 0 71.65 157.70 180.06 180.06 3.34 82.13 75.69 81.68 82.13 1.52 97.73 83.01 78.96 97.73 1.814 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 0 71.66 158.66 182.38 182.38 3.38 81.71 76.22 81.74 81.74 1.52 98.96 83.64 81.58 98.96 1.845 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 0 71.68 159.24 184.53 184.53 3.42 81.32 76.74 83.63 83.63 1.55 99.04 83.36 83.46 99.04 1.846 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 0 71.72 159.29 186.26 186.26 3.46 80.98 77.77 84.94 84.94 1.58 97.81 82.03 84.39 97.81 1.827 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 0 71.78 158.74 187.40 187.40 3.48 80.67 81.03 85.02 85.02 1.58 88.48 76.14 82.04 88.48 1.648 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 0 71.86 157.55 187.83 187.83 3.49 81.11 83.22 83.82 83.82 1.56 93.10 78.07 83.67 93.10 1.739 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 0 71.95 157.57 187.48 187.48 3.48 81.74 84.21 81.75 84.21 1.56 96.52 80.89 84.36 96.52 1.7910 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 0 72.05 158.18 186.37 186.37 3.46 82.29 83.99 81.71 83.99 1.56 98.51 82.89 84.07 98.51 1.8311 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 0 72.16 158.29 184.59 184.59 3.43 82.71 82.61 81.68 82.71 1.53 98.96 83.94 82.74 98.96 1.8412 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 0 72.27 157.94 182.31 182.31 3.38 82.97 80.22 81.68 82.97 1.54 98.09 83.92 80.44 98.09 1.8213 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 0 69.77 157.21 179.74 179.74 3.34 83.12 77.07 81.67 83.12 1.54 96.28 82.89 77.43 96.28 1.7914 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 0 69.76 156.26 177.15 177.15 3.29 83.18 74.44 81.66 83.18 1.54 93.96 81.18 75.20 93.96 1.7415 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 0 69.75 155.23 175.21 175.21 3.25 83.22 74.25 81.64 83.22 1.54 91.48 79.24 74.53 91.48 1.7016 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 0 69.75 154.32 174.24 174.24 3.23 83.27 74.10 81.61 83.27 1.55 89.25 77.53 73.79 89.25 1.6617 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 0 69.75 153.68 173.53 173.53 3.22 83.31 73.99 81.59 83.31 1.55 87.74 76.41 73.28 87.74 1.6318 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 0 69.75 153.44 173.24 173.24 3.21 83.32 73.96 81.59 83.32 1.55 87.40 76.16 73.17 87.40 1.6219 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 0 69.75 153.66 173.53 173.53 3.22 83.27 74.05 81.61 83.27 1.55 88.36 76.84 73.46 88.36 1.6420 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 0 69.75 154.32 174.43 174.43 3.24 83.11 74.26 81.65 83.11 1.54 90.38 78.25 74.01 90.38 1.6821 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 0 69.76 155.31 175.93 175.93 3.26 82.84 74.61 81.72 82.84 1.54 92.97 80.04 74.55 92.97 1.7322 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.95 97.19 133.85 133.85 2.48 104.46 104.73 97.01 104.73 1.94 91.97 97.99 75.77 97.99 1.8223 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.87 97.30 132.54 132.54 2.46 104.58 104.77 96.84 104.77 1.94 90.21 93.17 74.07 93.17 1.7324 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.82 97.38 131.19 131.19 2.43 110.25 99.19 100.47 110.25 2.05 92.11 94.04 72.96 94.04 1.7525 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.68 96.55 129.94 129.94 2.41 110.32 99.07 100.36 110.32 2.05 110.92 108.72 84.33 110.92 2.0626 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.65 96.56 129.07 129.07 2.40 110.33 98.90 100.25 110.33 2.05 90.46 110.97 73.58 110.97 2.0627 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.64 96.57 128.67 128.67 2.39 97.73 108.40 99.59 108.40 2.01 90.25 110.27 72.76 110.27 2.0528 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.66 96.57 128.73 128.73 2.39 97.97 108.20 99.60 108.20 2.01 89.83 108.84 71.78 108.84 2.0229 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.71 96.57 129.28 129.28 2.40 98.30 107.96 99.62 107.96 2.00 95.35 107.00 73.68 107.00 1.9930 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.78 96.55 130.01 130.01 2.41 98.70 107.68 99.65 107.68 2.00 100.24 105.16 74.64 105.16 1.9531 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.87 96.52 130.78 130.78 2.43 99.12 107.39 99.67 107.39 1.99 104.26 103.75 74.71 104.26 1.9332 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.98 96.48 131.31 131.31 2.44 99.56 107.12 99.68 107.12 1.99 107.24 103.08 74.68 107.24 1.9933 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.08 96.45 131.34 131.34 2.44 100.00 106.85 99.64 106.85 1.98 108.81 103.30 78.43 108.81 2.0234 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.17 96.43 130.78 130.78 2.43 100.48 106.61 99.56 106.61 1.98 108.32 104.37 87.33 108.32 2.0135 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.23 96.43 129.43 129.43 2.40 101.00 106.37 99.40 106.37 1.97 104.82 106.01 95.48 106.01 1.9736 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.27 96.47 131.53 131.53 2.44 101.58 106.10 99.16 106.10 1.97 97.59 107.84 100.85 107.84 2.0037 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.27 96.53 133.36 133.36 2.47 102.19 105.78 98.84 105.78 1.96 87.45 109.41 101.85 109.41 2.0338 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.24 96.63 134.64 134.64 2.50 102.81 105.41 98.48 105.41 1.96 87.98 110.03 98.77 110.03 2.0439 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.18 96.75 135.31 135.31 2.51 103.37 105.00 98.09 105.00 1.95 91.19 109.09 93.37 109.09 2.0240 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.10 96.88 135.35 135.35 2.51 103.82 104.78 97.72 104.78 1.94 92.77 106.60 87.10 106.60 1.9841 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 121.01 97.02 134.80 134.80 2.50 104.15 104.76 97.40 104.76 1.94 92.99 102.83 80.69 102.83 1.9142 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 120.93 97.14 133.80 133.80 2.48 104.37 104.76 97.15 104.76 1.94 92.10 98.02 75.71 98.02 1.8243 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 5 74.42 144.97 175.35 175.35 3.25 78.28 66.73 89.70 89.70 1.66 87.36 69.22 87.42 87.42 1.6244 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 5 74.42 146.03 176.95 176.95 3.28 78.29 65.32 92.32 92.32 1.71 87.36 69.22 87.16 87.36 1.6245 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 5 74.42 147.12 178.82 178.82 3.32 78.29 65.32 94.93 94.93 1.76 87.36 69.21 88.35 88.35 1.6446 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 5 74.42 148.05 180.77 180.77 3.35 78.30 65.33 96.96 96.96 1.80 87.36 69.20 89.88 89.88 1.6747 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 5 74.42 148.67 182.57 182.57 3.39 78.29 65.34 98.00 98.00 1.82 87.29 69.27 90.96 90.96 1.6948 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 5 74.43 148.85 184.03 184.03 3.41 78.29 68.42 97.82 97.82 1.82 87.30 69.28 91.15 91.15 1.6949 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 5 74.44 148.50 184.97 184.97 3.43 78.28 72.20 96.29 96.29 1.79 87.30 69.29 90.19 90.19 1.6750 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 5 74.46 147.60 185.26 185.26 3.44 78.27 75.29 93.40 93.40 1.73 87.30 69.29 88.22 88.22 1.6451 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 5 74.48 147.33 184.86 184.86 3.43 78.26 77.49 89.93 89.93 1.67 87.30 69.28 90.17 90.17 1.6752 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 5 74.50 147.82 183.76 183.76 3.41 78.25 78.72 87.57 87.57 1.62 87.30 69.27 91.62 91.62 1.7053 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 5 74.53 147.88 182.04 182.04 3.38 78.24 78.95 84.68 84.68 1.57 87.31 69.26 92.37 92.37 1.7154 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 5 74.55 147.55 179.85 179.85 3.34 78.24 78.25 84.06 84.06 1.56 87.31 69.26 92.42 92.42 1.7255 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 5 74.57 146.90 177.37 177.37 3.29 78.23 76.79 84.06 84.06 1.56 87.31 69.26 91.90 91.90 1.7156 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 5 74.59 146.04 175.90 175.90 3.26 78.23 74.83 84.05 84.05 1.56 87.31 69.26 91.09 91.09 1.6957 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 5 74.60 145.11 175.12 175.12 3.25 78.23 72.81 84.05 84.05 1.56 87.31 69.27 90.36 90.36 1.6858 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 5 74.49 144.27 174.34 174.34 3.24 78.22 71.23 85.98 85.98 1.60 87.31 69.27 90.07 90.07 1.6759 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 5 74.50 143.65 173.73 173.73 3.22 78.22 70.49 86.88 86.88 1.61 87.31 69.27 90.20 90.20 1.6760 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 5 74.50 143.39 173.45 173.45 3.22 78.22 70.40 87.03 87.03 1.62 87.31 69.27 90.28 90.28 1.6861 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 5 74.50 143.53 173.61 173.61 3.22 78.22 70.16 87.07 87.07 1.62 87.31 69.27 89.85 89.85 1.6762 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 5 74.50 144.07 174.29 174.29 3.23 78.23 69.09 87.87 87.87 1.63 87.31 69.28 88.76 88.76 1.6563 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 5 74.49 144.94 175.47 175.47 3.26 78.23 66.82 89.79 89.79 1.67 87.31 69.28 87.43 87.43 1.6264 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.36 97.40 133.78 133.78 2.48 90.26 91.01 85.87 91.01 1.69 134.23 90.84 85.09 134.23 2.4965 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.30 97.49 132.42 132.42 2.46 90.33 90.99 85.90 90.99 1.69 132.61 88.48 86.76 132.61 2.4666 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.25 97.55 131.00 131.00 2.43 123.49 67.80 100.31 123.49 2.29 130.13 84.58 87.96 130.13 2.4167 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.70 96.95 129.71 129.71 2.41 123.49 67.83 100.19 123.49 2.29 126.76 79.32 88.20 126.76 2.3568 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.68 96.96 128.81 128.81 2.39 123.47 67.88 100.07 123.47 2.29 122.54 73.87 86.84 122.54 2.2769 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.67 96.97 128.37 128.37 2.38 90.00 91.40 85.76 91.40 1.70 117.57 70.31 85.33 117.57 2.1870 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.67 96.97 128.45 128.45 2.38 90.00 91.31 85.75 91.31 1.69 80.33 87.30 80.36 87.30 1.6271 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.68 96.95 129.02 129.02 2.39 89.99 91.23 85.75 91.23 1.69 79.92 87.51 81.24 87.51 1.6272 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.70 96.92 129.79 129.79 2.41 89.98 91.17 85.74 91.17 1.69 79.99 86.52 81.78 86.52 1.6173 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.73 96.89 130.66 130.66 2.42 89.95 91.12 85.73 91.12 1.69 80.49 84.59 81.54 84.59 1.5774 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.77 96.85 131.25 131.25 2.44 89.93 91.09 85.71 91.09 1.69 81.21 82.07 80.23 82.07 1.5275 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.81 96.82 131.42 131.42 2.44 89.91 91.08 85.68 91.08 1.69 81.90 79.45 77.97 81.90 1.5276 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.83 96.80 130.94 130.94 2.43 89.89 91.08 85.65 91.08 1.69 82.39 77.29 79.89 82.39 1.5377 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.83 96.80 129.83 129.83 2.41 89.88 91.08 85.62 91.08 1.69 82.62 76.11 81.14 82.62 1.5378 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.81 96.82 131.97 131.97 2.45 89.89 91.09 85.60 91.09 1.69 82.59 76.24 81.53 82.59 1.5379 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.76 96.87 133.70 133.70 2.48 89.91 91.09 85.61 91.09 1.69 82.32 77.63 80.99 82.32 1.5380 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.70 96.95 134.90 134.90 2.50 89.94 91.09 85.63 91.09 1.69 134.49 91.51 79.57 134.49 2.5081 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.61 97.04 135.48 135.48 2.51 89.99 91.07 85.67 91.07 1.69 134.96 91.94 79.01 134.96 2.5082 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.52 97.15 135.43 135.43 2.51 90.03 91.06 85.72 91.06 1.69 135.21 92.18 80.99 135.21 2.5183 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.43 97.26 134.81 134.81 2.50 90.09 91.05 85.77 91.05 1.69 135.02 91.94 83.04 135.02 2.5184 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.34 97.36 133.74 133.74 2.48 90.15 91.03 85.81 91.03 1.69 134.19 90.86 84.97 134.19 2.4985 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 10 75.92 137.11 175.90 175.90 3.26 72.21 70.88 102.98 102.98 1.91 74.41 70.98 102.08 102.08 1.8986 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 10 75.92 138.06 177.25 177.25 3.29 72.21 69.72 105.35 105.35 1.95 74.42 69.61 103.54 103.54 1.9287 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 10 75.92 139.03 178.85 178.85 3.32 72.23 69.76 107.50 107.50 1.99 74.42 69.77 105.37 105.37 1.9688 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 10 75.92 139.89 180.53 180.53 3.35 72.22 69.79 108.89 108.89 2.02 74.42 69.88 106.83 106.83 1.9889 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 10 75.93 140.48 182.09 182.09 3.38 72.22 69.86 109.13 109.13 2.03 74.42 69.84 107.36 107.36 1.9990 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 10 75.93 140.67 183.34 183.34 3.40 72.22 72.21 107.98 107.98 2.00 74.42 69.59 106.62 106.62 1.9891 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 10 75.94 140.40 184.14 184.14 3.42 72.21 75.31 105.34 105.34 1.95 74.42 69.58 104.42 104.42 1.9492 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 10 75.95 139.63 184.35 184.35 3.42 72.21 77.98 101.22 101.22 1.88 74.42 69.60 103.54 103.54 1.9293 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 10 75.95 139.22 183.93 183.93 3.41 72.21 79.98 97.09 97.09 1.80 74.42 71.36 103.91 103.91 1.9394 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 10 75.96 139.64 182.86 182.86 3.39 72.21 81.17 96.88 96.88 1.80 74.42 73.33 103.83 103.83 1.9395 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 10 75.97 139.70 181.23 181.23 3.36 72.21 81.51 96.89 96.89 1.80 74.42 74.92 103.28 103.28 1.9296 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 10 75.97 139.43 179.14 179.14 3.32 72.21 81.02 96.90 96.90 1.80 74.42 75.90 102.42 102.42 1.9097 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 10 75.98 138.87 176.94 176.94 3.28 72.21 79.86 96.91 96.91 1.80 74.42 76.25 102.08 102.08 1.8998 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 138.13 176.44 176.44 3.27 72.20 78.25 96.92 96.92 1.80 74.42 76.01 102.10 102.10 1.8999 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 137.32 175.80 175.80 3.26 72.20 76.55 98.05 98.05 1.82 74.42 75.39 102.05 102.05 1.89

100 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 136.57 175.15 175.15 3.25 72.20 75.20 99.42 99.42 1.84 74.42 74.70 101.98 101.98 1.89101 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 136.02 174.62 174.62 3.24 72.20 74.55 99.96 99.96 1.85 74.42 74.27 101.96 101.96 1.89102 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 135.77 174.37 174.37 3.24 72.20 74.46 100.02 100.02 1.86 74.42 74.20 102.08 102.08 1.89103 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 135.87 174.49 174.49 3.24 72.20 74.27 100.23 100.23 1.86 74.42 74.05 101.95 101.95 1.89104 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 136.33 175.04 175.04 3.25 72.20 73.28 101.21 101.21 1.88 74.42 73.13 101.97 101.97 1.89105 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 10 75.99 137.09 176.02 176.02 3.27 72.20 71.07 103.11 103.11 1.91 74.42 71.02 102.10 102.10 1.89106 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.11 97.59 133.92 133.92 2.49 89.95 80.21 87.35 89.95 1.67 135.76 65.64 93.72 135.76 2.52107 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.06 97.65 132.56 132.56 2.46 90.02 80.34 88.18 90.02 1.67 133.97 66.69 94.81 133.97 2.49108 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.03 97.70 131.14 131.14 2.43 90.10 80.48 88.14 90.10 1.67 131.25 68.40 94.50 131.25 2.44109 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.43 97.21 129.86 129.86 2.41 127.87 71.00 94.47 127.87 2.37 127.57 70.46 92.60 127.57 2.37110 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.41 97.22 128.99 128.99 2.39 89.69 80.31 87.20 89.69 1.66 96.36 87.72 85.40 96.36 1.79111 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.40 97.23 128.56 128.56 2.39 89.70 80.23 87.37 89.70 1.66 94.34 86.62 86.00 94.34 1.75112 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.40 97.23 128.68 128.68 2.39 89.70 80.15 88.18 89.70 1.66 91.53 84.37 87.22 91.53 1.70113 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.40 97.21 129.27 129.27 2.40 89.69 80.08 89.17 89.69 1.66 88.14 85.26 88.58 88.58 1.64114 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.42 97.19 130.06 130.06 2.41 89.68 80.01 89.71 89.71 1.66 84.45 85.92 89.43 89.43 1.66115 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.44 97.16 130.97 130.97 2.43 89.67 79.94 89.33 89.67 1.66 80.83 85.46 89.28 89.28 1.66116 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.46 97.14 131.58 131.58 2.44 89.66 79.89 88.57 89.66 1.66 77.64 84.18 87.83 87.83 1.63117 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.49 97.11 131.79 131.79 2.45 89.64 79.84 88.67 89.64 1.66 75.18 82.51 86.40 86.40 1.60118 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.50 97.10 131.33 131.33 2.44 89.63 79.81 87.77 89.63 1.66 73.60 80.98 87.64 87.64 1.63119 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.49 97.10 130.33 130.33 2.42 89.63 79.79 86.36 89.63 1.66 72.89 80.12 88.03 88.03 1.63120 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.47 97.12 132.39 132.39 2.46 89.63 79.79 85.78 89.63 1.66 72.95 80.22 87.46 87.46 1.62121 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.43 97.17 134.05 134.05 2.49 89.64 79.81 84.87 89.64 1.66 73.83 81.24 85.93 85.93 1.59122 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.37 97.23 135.18 135.18 2.51 89.66 79.85 84.64 89.66 1.66 75.57 82.83 84.32 84.32 1.56123 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.30 97.30 135.71 135.71 2.52 89.69 79.90 83.95 89.69 1.66 78.18 84.46 84.83 84.83 1.57124 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.22 97.39 135.62 135.62 2.52 89.73 79.98 83.30 89.73 1.67 81.48 85.62 84.84 85.62 1.59125 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.15 97.47 134.97 134.97 2.50 89.78 80.07 85.42 89.78 1.67 85.16 85.89 84.39 85.89 1.59126 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 122.08 97.54 133.88 133.88 2.48 89.84 80.19 87.39 89.84 1.67 135.72 65.48 93.65 135.72 2.52127 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 15 77.56 131.01 177.29 177.29 3.29 66.72 77.33 112.14 112.14 2.08 68.76 80.44 111.22 111.22 2.06128 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 15 77.56 131.84 178.46 178.46 3.31 66.72 77.42 114.55 114.55 2.13 68.76 80.45 113.57 113.57 2.11129 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 15 77.56 132.71 179.85 179.85 3.34 66.71 77.60 116.56 116.56 2.16 68.76 80.39 115.87 115.87 2.15130 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 15 77.55 133.47 181.31 181.31 3.36 66.71 77.73 117.64 117.64 2.18 68.76 80.45 117.43 117.43 2.18

Simulation 3



(s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size




Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 3


131 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 15 77.55 134.00 182.66 182.66 3.39 66.70 78.17 117.41 117.41 2.18 68.76 80.46 117.77 117.77 2.19132 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 15 77.55 134.17 183.76 183.76 3.41 66.70 80.70 115.65 115.65 2.15 68.76 80.42 116.57 116.57 2.16133 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 15 77.55 133.93 184.43 184.43 3.42 66.70 83.10 112.27 112.27 2.08 68.76 80.48 113.70 113.70 2.11134 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 15 77.55 133.22 184.57 184.57 3.43 66.70 85.06 107.30 107.30 1.99 68.76 82.11 109.11 109.11 2.02135 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 15 77.55 132.80 184.14 184.14 3.42 66.70 86.38 105.10 105.10 1.95 68.75 83.61 108.34 108.34 2.01136 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 15 77.55 133.17 183.10 183.10 3.40 66.71 86.95 105.22 105.22 1.95 68.75 84.71 108.38 108.38 2.01137 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 15 77.56 133.24 181.55 181.55 3.37 66.71 86.72 105.23 105.23 1.95 68.75 85.25 108.34 108.34 2.01138 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 15 77.56 133.02 179.58 179.58 3.33 66.71 85.77 105.20 105.20 1.95 68.75 85.18 108.33 108.33 2.01139 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 15 77.57 132.55 178.28 178.28 3.31 66.71 84.24 105.52 105.52 1.96 68.75 84.53 108.38 108.38 2.01140 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 15 77.58 131.92 177.84 177.84 3.30 66.70 82.38 105.96 105.96 1.97 68.75 83.44 108.35 108.35 2.01141 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 15 77.58 131.22 177.27 177.27 3.29 66.70 80.53 107.57 107.57 2.00 68.76 82.16 108.27 108.27 2.01142 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 15 77.59 130.57 176.70 176.70 3.28 66.70 79.11 108.36 108.36 2.01 68.75 81.02 108.29 108.29 2.01143 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 15 77.64 130.09 176.24 176.24 3.27 66.70 78.41 108.52 108.52 2.01 68.75 80.37 108.69 108.69 2.02144 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 15 77.64 129.86 176.01 176.01 3.27 66.70 78.31 108.49 108.49 2.01 68.75 80.37 108.75 108.75 2.02145 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 15 77.64 129.94 176.10 176.10 3.27 66.70 78.17 108.89 108.89 2.02 68.75 80.37 108.84 108.84 2.02146 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 15 77.64 130.34 176.57 176.57 3.28 66.69 77.41 110.18 110.18 2.04 68.64 80.38 109.55 109.55 2.03147 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 15 77.63 131.00 177.41 177.41 3.29 66.60 77.46 112.29 112.29 2.08 68.64 80.40 111.23 111.23 2.06148 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 122.80 97.81 134.39 134.39 2.49 96.72 83.27 90.97 96.72 1.79 96.35 86.56 86.38 96.35 1.79149 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 122.77 97.86 133.05 133.05 2.47 96.82 83.20 91.49 96.82 1.80 99.04 88.62 87.90 99.04 1.84150 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 122.75 97.89 131.65 131.65 2.44 96.93 83.12 91.18 96.93 1.80 100.84 89.68 88.42 100.84 1.87151 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.09 97.46 130.41 130.41 2.42 128.51 75.03 90.52 128.51 2.38 127.21 74.14 90.76 127.21 2.36152 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.08 97.47 129.56 129.56 2.40 96.91 83.37 90.10 96.91 1.80 101.45 89.89 88.41 101.45 1.88153 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.06 97.48 129.16 129.16 2.40 96.82 83.39 90.40 96.82 1.80 100.48 89.71 89.23 100.48 1.86154 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.06 97.47 129.31 129.31 2.40 96.73 83.41 91.39 96.73 1.80 98.52 88.44 90.87 98.52 1.83155 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.06 97.46 129.90 129.90 2.41 96.65 83.44 92.51 96.65 1.79 95.72 86.20 92.66 95.72 1.78156 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.07 97.45 130.70 130.70 2.43 96.57 83.46 93.11 96.57 1.79 92.33 83.47 93.84 93.84 1.74157 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.09 97.43 131.60 131.60 2.44 96.50 83.48 92.71 96.50 1.79 88.66 83.95 93.91 93.91 1.74158 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.10 97.41 132.19 132.19 2.45 96.44 83.50 91.41 96.44 1.79 85.07 83.68 92.55 92.55 1.72159 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.11 97.39 132.41 132.41 2.46 96.39 83.51 91.03 96.39 1.79 81.98 82.97 90.21 90.21 1.67160 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.11 97.39 131.94 131.94 2.45 96.36 83.53 89.63 96.36 1.79 79.75 82.22 90.93 90.93 1.69161 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.11 97.40 131.05 131.05 2.43 96.35 83.53 88.56 96.35 1.79 78.64 81.77 90.67 90.67 1.68162 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.08 97.43 133.06 133.06 2.47 96.35 83.53 87.55 96.35 1.79 78.75 81.82 89.37 89.37 1.66163 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.05 97.47 134.66 134.66 2.50 96.37 83.53 87.30 96.37 1.79 80.09 82.35 87.09 87.09 1.62164 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 123.00 97.52 135.74 135.74 2.52 96.40 83.51 86.73 96.40 1.79 82.50 83.12 87.45 87.45 1.62165 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 122.94 97.58 136.23 136.23 2.53 96.45 83.48 86.05 96.45 1.79 85.71 83.77 87.37 87.37 1.62166 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 122.88 97.65 136.11 136.11 2.53 96.51 83.44 86.51 96.51 1.79 89.35 83.93 86.80 89.35 1.66167 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 122.82 97.71 135.46 135.46 2.51 96.59 83.39 89.35 96.59 1.79 93.01 83.81 85.92 93.01 1.73168 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 122.77 97.76 134.36 134.36 2.49 96.68 83.33 91.00 96.68 1.79 96.34 86.72 86.47 96.34 1.79169 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 20 79.68 126.30 179.39 179.39 3.33 64.63 83.96 118.71 118.71 2.20 65.07 87.36 117.37 117.37 2.18170 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 20 79.68 127.03 180.42 180.42 3.35 64.63 84.14 121.23 121.23 2.25 65.07 87.36 120.30 120.30 2.23171 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 20 79.69 127.80 181.63 181.63 3.37 64.63 84.31 123.22 123.22 2.29 65.07 87.32 122.94 122.94 2.28172 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 20 79.70 128.47 182.91 182.91 3.39 64.63 84.65 124.14 124.14 2.30 65.07 87.37 124.62 124.62 2.31173 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 20 79.71 128.93 184.09 184.09 3.42 64.63 87.05 123.63 123.63 2.29 65.07 87.45 124.87 124.87 2.32174 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 20 79.73 129.07 185.03 185.03 3.43 64.63 89.43 121.47 121.47 2.25 65.07 88.46 123.42 123.42 2.29175 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 20 79.74 128.82 185.58 185.58 3.44 64.64 91.46 117.58 117.58 2.18 65.07 90.65 120.11 120.11 2.23176 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 20 79.76 128.16 185.66 185.66 3.45 64.64 92.89 112.01 112.01 2.08 65.07 92.55 114.97 114.97 2.13177 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 20 79.77 127.84 185.19 185.19 3.44 64.65 93.57 109.97 109.97 2.04 65.07 93.87 110.86 110.86 2.06178 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 20 79.78 128.16 184.18 184.18 3.42 64.65 93.44 110.25 110.25 2.05 65.07 94.46 110.87 110.87 2.06179 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 20 79.80 128.22 182.69 182.69 3.39 64.64 92.52 110.81 110.81 2.06 65.07 94.24 110.81 110.81 2.06180 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 20 79.81 128.04 180.81 180.81 3.36 64.64 90.90 111.11 111.11 2.06 65.07 93.28 110.88 110.88 2.06181 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 20 79.82 127.64 180.42 180.42 3.35 64.64 88.78 111.54 111.54 2.07 65.07 91.69 110.91 110.91 2.06182 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 20 79.82 127.10 179.98 179.98 3.34 64.64 86.43 113.39 113.39 2.10 65.07 89.72 111.28 111.28 2.06183 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 20 79.83 126.50 179.45 179.45 3.33 64.64 84.24 114.40 114.40 2.12 65.07 87.70 112.41 112.41 2.09184 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 20 79.83 125.93 178.92 178.92 3.32 64.64 83.97 114.65 114.65 2.13 65.07 87.31 113.02 113.02 2.10185 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 20 79.65 125.51 178.50 178.50 3.31 64.64 83.97 114.47 114.47 2.12 65.07 87.29 113.15 113.15 2.10186 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 20 79.65 125.30 178.29 178.29 3.31 64.64 83.97 114.37 114.37 2.12 65.07 87.29 113.13 113.13 2.10187 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 20 79.65 125.37 178.37 178.37 3.31 64.50 83.98 114.94 114.94 2.13 65.06 87.29 113.53 113.53 2.11188 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 20 79.65 125.71 178.78 178.78 3.32 64.50 83.99 116.51 116.51 2.16 65.06 87.31 114.92 114.92 2.13189 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 20 79.65 126.30 179.52 179.52 3.33 64.50 84.07 118.86 118.86 2.21 65.06 87.33 117.37 117.37 2.18190 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.35 98.07 135.16 135.16 2.51 100.95 83.95 93.61 100.95 1.87 99.91 87.95 88.91 99.91 1.85191 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.32 98.10 133.83 133.83 2.48 101.02 83.86 93.84 101.02 1.87 101.97 89.62 90.17 101.97 1.89192 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.31 98.12 132.45 132.45 2.46 101.12 83.78 93.29 101.12 1.88 103.08 90.33 90.41 103.08 1.91193 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.61 97.73 131.24 131.24 2.44 101.26 84.05 92.47 101.26 1.88 62.49 100.07 148.71 148.71 2.76194 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.60 97.74 130.42 130.42 2.42 101.17 84.06 92.03 101.17 1.88 103.15 90.31 90.11 103.15 1.91195 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.58 97.75 130.03 130.03 2.41 101.07 84.08 92.45 101.07 1.88 102.88 90.42 91.10 102.88 1.91196 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.58 97.75 130.21 130.21 2.42 100.99 84.10 93.61 100.99 1.87 101.59 89.52 93.04 101.59 1.89197 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.58 97.74 130.79 130.79 2.43 100.91 84.12 94.87 100.91 1.87 99.40 87.68 95.13 99.40 1.84198 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.58 97.73 131.59 131.59 2.44 100.83 84.14 95.57 100.83 1.87 96.52 85.10 96.59 96.59 1.79199 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.59 97.72 132.47 132.47 2.46 100.77 84.16 95.21 100.77 1.87 93.23 82.06 96.85 96.85 1.80200 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.60 97.70 133.03 133.03 2.47 100.72 84.19 93.48 100.72 1.87 89.90 81.69 95.60 95.60 1.77201 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.61 97.70 133.23 133.23 2.47 100.67 84.21 92.21 100.67 1.87 86.95 81.33 92.69 92.69 1.72202 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.60 97.70 132.71 132.71 2.46 100.65 84.22 90.39 100.65 1.87 84.76 80.86 92.85 92.85 1.72203 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.59 97.71 132.03 132.03 2.45 100.63 84.23 89.46 100.63 1.87 83.65 80.56 92.10 92.10 1.71204 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.57 97.74 133.99 133.99 2.49 100.63 84.23 88.83 100.63 1.87 83.77 80.59 90.24 90.24 1.67205 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.53 97.78 135.55 135.55 2.52 100.65 84.22 88.33 100.65 1.87 85.10 80.94 88.92 88.92 1.65206 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.49 97.83 136.58 136.58 2.53 100.68 84.20 87.58 100.68 1.87 87.45 81.42 88.92 88.92 1.65207 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.44 97.88 137.04 137.04 2.54 100.71 84.17 87.39 100.71 1.87 90.51 81.73 88.34 90.51 1.68208 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.40 97.93 136.89 136.89 2.54 100.77 84.12 89.66 100.77 1.87 93.85 82.64 87.31 93.85 1.74209 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.35 97.98 136.23 136.23 2.53 100.84 84.07 92.26 100.84 1.87 97.11 85.64 87.10 97.11 1.80210 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 123.32 98.02 135.13 135.13 2.51 100.92 84.00 93.63 100.92 1.87 99.90 88.11 89.00 99.90 1.85211 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 25 84.19 122.74 182.06 182.06 3.38 66.20 89.41 123.59 123.59 2.29 62.57 91.83 121.77 121.77 2.26212 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 25 84.19 123.39 182.96 182.96 3.40 66.20 89.46 126.24 126.24 2.34 62.57 91.83 125.12 125.12 2.32213 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 25 84.20 124.07 184.03 184.03 3.41 66.20 89.70 128.27 128.27 2.38 62.57 91.89 128.02 128.02 2.38214 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 25 84.20 124.67 185.14 185.14 3.44 66.20 92.18 129.11 129.11 2.40 62.57 92.18 129.81 129.81 2.41215 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 25 84.21 125.06 186.16 186.16 3.45 66.20 94.81 128.41 128.41 2.38 62.57 93.22 130.02 130.02 2.41216 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 25 84.22 125.16 186.95 186.95 3.47 66.21 97.20 125.97 125.97 2.34 62.56 96.18 128.39 128.39 2.38217 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 25 84.23 124.91 187.39 187.39 3.48 66.21 99.04 121.72 121.72 2.26 62.56 98.90 124.79 124.79 2.32218 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 25 84.23 124.26 187.38 187.38 3.48 66.22 100.10 115.70 115.70 2.15 62.56 100.96 119.25 119.25 2.21219 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 25 84.24 124.11 186.87 186.87 3.47 66.22 100.29 113.52 113.52 2.11 62.56 102.15 111.89 111.89 2.08220 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 25 84.24 124.38 185.87 185.87 3.45 66.21 99.57 114.15 114.15 2.12 62.57 102.35 111.84 111.84 2.08221 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 25 84.25 124.43 184.41 184.41 3.42 66.21 97.99 114.48 114.48 2.12 62.57 101.57 111.87 111.87 2.08222 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 25 84.25 124.27 183.49 183.49 3.40 66.21 95.72 115.46 115.46 2.14 62.57 99.90 111.96 111.96 2.08223 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 25 84.25 123.93 183.16 183.16 3.40 66.21 92.97 117.68 117.68 2.18 62.57 97.54 113.45 113.45 2.11224 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 25 84.25 123.46 182.70 182.70 3.39 66.21 90.09 119.03 119.03 2.21 62.57 94.81 115.17 115.17 2.14225 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 25 84.25 122.93 182.18 182.18 3.38 66.21 89.23 119.50 119.50 2.22 62.57 92.12 116.18 116.18 2.16226 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 25 84.25 122.43 181.69 181.69 3.37 66.21 89.22 119.30 119.30 2.21 62.57 91.76 116.47 116.47 2.16227 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 25 84.16 122.06 181.30 181.30 3.36 66.21 89.18 118.82 118.82 2.20 62.78 91.74 116.31 116.31 2.16228 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 25 84.16 121.87 181.11 181.11 3.36 66.14 89.17 118.65 118.65 2.20 62.78 91.74 116.22 116.22 2.16229 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 25 84.16 121.93 181.17 181.17 3.36 66.14 89.21 119.36 119.36 2.22 62.78 91.74 116.87 116.87 2.17230 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 25 84.16 122.24 181.53 181.53 3.37 66.14 89.27 121.18 121.18 2.25 62.78 91.76 118.77 118.77 2.20231 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 25 84.16 122.75 182.18 182.18 3.38 66.14 89.34 123.75 123.75 2.30 62.78 91.77 121.76 121.76 2.26232 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.70 98.36 136.13 136.13 2.53 102.92 83.95 95.56 102.92 1.91 101.87 88.44 90.59 101.87 1.89233 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.68 98.38 134.81 134.81 2.50 103.00 83.87 95.56 103.00 1.91 103.50 89.94 91.66 103.50 1.92234 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.68 98.39 133.44 133.44 2.48 103.07 83.78 94.80 103.07 1.91 104.14 90.52 91.69 104.14 1.93235 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.94 98.03 132.26 132.26 2.45 72.46 100.12 154.69 154.69 2.87 71.01 104.52 156.52 156.52 2.90236 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.93 98.04 131.46 131.46 2.44 103.18 84.07 93.38 103.18 1.91 103.85 90.41 91.18 103.85 1.93237 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.92 98.05 131.10 131.10 2.43 103.08 84.09 93.89 103.08 1.91 104.06 90.64 92.29 104.06 1.93238 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.91 98.05 131.29 131.29 2.44 103.00 84.11 95.19 103.00 1.91 103.21 89.87 94.44 103.21 1.92239 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.91 98.05 131.85 131.85 2.45 102.91 84.13 96.60 102.91 1.91 101.45 88.21 96.76 101.45 1.88240 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.91 98.04 132.65 132.65 2.46 102.84 84.15 97.40 102.84 1.91 98.95 85.83 98.42 98.95 1.84241 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.91 98.03 133.50 133.50 2.48 102.78 84.18 97.09 102.78 1.91 95.99 83.00 98.83 98.83 1.83242 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.92 98.03 134.03 134.03 2.49 102.72 84.20 95.36 102.72 1.91 92.93 80.06 97.68 97.68 1.81243 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.92 98.03 134.18 134.18 2.49 102.68 84.22 92.88 102.68 1.91 90.15 79.50 94.82 94.82 1.76244 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.91 98.04 133.61 133.61 2.48 102.66 84.23 90.86 102.66 1.90 88.08 79.13 94.30 94.30 1.75245 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.90 98.05 133.23 133.23 2.47 102.64 84.24 89.83 102.64 1.90 87.01 78.89 93.20 93.20 1.73246 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.87 98.08 135.14 135.14 2.51 102.64 84.24 89.43 102.64 1.90 87.12 78.91 90.91 90.91 1.69247 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.84 98.12 136.65 136.65 2.54 102.66 84.23 88.67 102.66 1.90 88.40 79.19 90.19 90.19 1.67248 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.81 98.16 137.65 137.65 2.55 102.68 84.21 88.37 102.68 1.91 90.63 79.57 89.81 90.63 1.68249 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.77 98.20 138.06 138.06 2.56 102.72 84.18 88.30 102.72 1.91 93.48 80.59 88.80 93.48 1.73250 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.73 98.24 137.89 137.89 2.56 102.77 84.13 92.01 102.77 1.91 96.56 83.55 87.93 96.56 1.79251 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.69 98.28 137.21 137.21 2.55 102.83 84.07 94.43 102.83 1.91 99.47 86.32 88.31 99.47 1.85252 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 123.67 98.31 136.10 136.10 2.53 102.89 84.00 95.57 102.89 1.91 101.88 88.60 90.69 101.88 1.89253 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 30 87.62 120.17 185.15 185.15 3.44 66.40 93.62 127.35 127.35 2.36 64.06 94.90 125.05 125.05 2.32254 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 30 87.62 120.75 185.94 185.94 3.45 66.39 93.69 130.13 130.13 2.41 64.06 94.93 128.73 128.73 2.39255 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 30 87.63 121.36 186.88 186.88 3.47 66.39 95.65 132.20 132.20 2.45 64.06 95.38 131.84 131.84 2.45256 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 30 87.63 121.88 187.84 187.84 3.49 66.40 98.55 133.00 133.00 2.47 64.06 95.84 133.71 133.71 2.48257 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 30 87.63 122.22 188.71 188.71 3.50 66.40 101.43 132.18 132.18 2.45 64.06 98.94 133.90 133.90 2.48258 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 122.29 189.35 189.35 3.51 66.40 103.88 129.53 129.53 2.40 64.06 102.55 132.15 132.15 2.45259 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 122.01 189.67 189.67 3.52 66.41 105.60 125.01 125.01 2.32 64.06 105.61 128.35 128.35 2.38260 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 121.38 189.57 189.57 3.52 66.41 106.41 118.64 118.64 2.20 64.06 107.78 122.51 122.51 2.27


(s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size




Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 3


261 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 121.45 189.01 189.01 3.51 66.41 106.21 116.21 116.21 2.16 64.06 108.86 114.79 114.79 2.13262 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 121.66 187.98 187.98 3.49 66.41 105.00 116.62 116.62 2.16 64.06 108.76 112.24 112.24 2.08263 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 121.69 186.98 186.98 3.47 66.40 102.87 117.88 117.88 2.19 64.06 107.52 112.67 112.67 2.09264 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 121.54 186.74 186.74 3.47 66.40 100.00 120.66 120.66 2.24 64.06 105.28 114.09 114.09 2.12265 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 30 87.64 121.24 186.35 186.35 3.46 66.40 96.69 122.55 122.55 2.27 64.06 102.29 116.68 116.68 2.17266 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 30 87.63 120.82 185.86 185.86 3.45 66.40 93.37 123.44 123.44 2.29 64.06 98.91 118.38 118.38 2.20267 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 30 87.63 120.35 185.34 185.34 3.44 66.40 93.42 123.45 123.45 2.29 64.06 95.66 119.13 119.13 2.21268 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 30 87.63 119.92 184.86 184.86 3.43 66.41 93.36 122.85 122.85 2.28 64.06 94.76 119.09 119.09 2.21269 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 30 87.59 119.58 184.49 184.49 3.42 66.41 93.28 122.12 122.12 2.27 64.14 94.74 118.67 118.67 2.20270 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 30 87.59 119.42 184.31 184.31 3.42 66.41 93.25 121.90 121.90 2.26 64.14 94.74 118.51 118.51 2.20271 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 30 87.59 119.47 184.37 184.37 3.42 66.41 93.32 122.73 122.73 2.28 64.14 94.74 119.36 119.36 2.21272 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 30 87.60 119.74 184.69 184.69 3.43 66.41 93.44 124.75 124.75 2.31 64.14 94.75 121.65 121.65 2.26273 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 30 87.60 120.20 185.27 185.27 3.44 66.41 93.56 127.52 127.52 2.37 64.14 94.79 125.04 125.04 2.32274 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.85 98.67 137.23 137.23 2.55 103.94 83.86 97.04 103.94 1.93 103.12 88.69 91.78 103.12 1.91275 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.84 98.68 135.91 135.91 2.52 104.00 83.78 96.85 104.00 1.93 104.42 90.09 92.70 104.42 1.94276 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.84 98.68 134.55 134.55 2.50 104.06 83.69 95.92 104.06 1.93 104.74 90.61 92.57 104.74 1.94277 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.08 98.36 133.39 133.39 2.48 75.64 102.90 160.26 160.26 2.97 77.78 107.99 162.30 162.30 3.01278 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.06 98.37 132.60 132.60 2.46 104.21 83.98 94.36 104.21 1.93 104.21 90.47 91.89 104.21 1.93279 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.05 98.38 132.26 132.26 2.45 104.12 84.00 94.94 104.12 1.93 104.73 90.74 93.09 104.73 1.94280 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.04 98.38 132.47 132.47 2.46 104.03 84.02 96.36 104.03 1.93 104.21 90.04 95.40 104.21 1.93281 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.04 98.38 133.02 133.02 2.47 103.95 84.04 97.89 103.95 1.93 102.76 88.48 97.90 102.76 1.91282 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.04 98.37 133.82 133.82 2.48 103.88 84.07 98.78 103.88 1.93 100.54 86.21 99.70 100.54 1.87283 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.04 98.37 134.62 134.62 2.50 103.82 84.09 98.53 103.82 1.93 97.83 83.50 100.24 100.24 1.86284 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.04 98.37 135.12 135.12 2.51 103.77 84.11 96.82 103.77 1.93 94.97 80.68 99.18 99.18 1.84285 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.03 98.38 135.21 135.21 2.51 103.73 84.13 93.53 103.73 1.92 92.36 78.11 96.35 96.35 1.79286 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.02 98.39 134.59 134.59 2.50 103.70 84.14 91.20 103.70 1.92 90.38 77.54 95.52 95.52 1.77287 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 124.01 98.41 134.58 134.58 2.50 103.68 84.15 90.32 103.68 1.92 89.35 77.31 94.18 94.18 1.75288 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.98 98.44 136.44 136.44 2.53 103.69 84.15 89.66 103.69 1.92 89.46 77.34 91.57 91.57 1.70289 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.96 98.47 137.91 137.91 2.56 103.70 84.14 89.01 103.70 1.92 90.68 77.60 91.19 91.19 1.69290 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.92 98.50 138.86 138.86 2.58 103.73 84.12 88.94 103.73 1.92 92.80 78.54 90.48 92.80 1.72291 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.89 98.54 139.24 139.24 2.58 103.77 84.09 90.14 103.77 1.93 95.49 81.18 89.09 95.49 1.77292 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.86 98.57 139.03 139.03 2.58 103.81 84.04 93.80 103.81 1.93 98.36 84.02 88.68 98.36 1.83293 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.83 98.60 138.32 138.32 2.57 103.86 83.98 96.08 103.86 1.93 101.01 86.68 89.60 101.01 1.87294 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 123.82 98.62 137.20 137.20 2.55 103.91 83.91 97.04 103.91 1.93 103.12 88.85 91.89 103.12 1.91295 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 35 92.62 118.45 188.51 188.51 3.50 65.87 96.85 130.33 130.33 2.42 65.44 97.13 127.60 127.60 2.37296 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 35 92.62 118.97 189.22 189.22 3.51 65.87 97.77 133.22 133.22 2.47 65.44 97.57 131.53 131.53 2.44297 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 35 92.63 119.51 190.03 190.03 3.53 65.87 100.69 135.33 135.33 2.51 65.44 98.22 134.80 134.80 2.50298 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 35 92.64 119.98 190.86 190.86 3.54 65.88 103.96 136.12 136.12 2.53 65.44 99.42 136.75 136.75 2.54299 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 35 92.65 120.26 191.58 191.58 3.56 65.88 107.06 135.21 135.21 2.51 65.44 103.75 136.94 136.94 2.54300 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 35 92.66 120.29 192.09 192.09 3.56 65.89 109.58 132.41 132.41 2.46 65.44 107.84 135.10 135.10 2.51301 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 35 92.67 120.01 192.28 192.28 3.57 65.89 111.24 127.67 127.67 2.37 65.44 111.16 131.14 131.14 2.43302 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 35 92.68 119.42 192.08 192.08 3.56 65.89 111.85 121.04 121.04 2.25 65.44 113.40 125.07 125.07 2.32303 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 35 92.69 119.70 191.44 191.44 3.55 65.89 111.34 118.09 118.09 2.19 65.44 114.37 117.07 117.07 2.17304 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 35 92.70 119.86 190.82 190.82 3.54 65.88 109.72 118.82 118.82 2.20 65.44 114.01 113.25 114.01 2.12305 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 35 92.71 119.86 190.64 190.64 3.54 65.88 107.12 122.31 122.31 2.27 65.44 112.40 113.82 113.82 2.11306 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 35 92.71 119.71 190.30 190.30 3.53 65.88 103.75 124.93 124.93 2.32 65.44 109.69 116.79 116.79 2.17307 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 35 92.71 119.43 189.84 189.84 3.52 65.88 99.92 126.49 126.49 2.35 65.44 106.17 119.47 119.47 2.22308 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 35 92.72 119.05 189.31 189.31 3.51 65.88 96.72 126.99 126.99 2.36 65.44 102.27 121.02 121.02 2.25309 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 35 92.72 118.63 188.78 188.78 3.50 65.88 96.70 126.59 126.59 2.35 65.44 98.53 121.48 121.48 2.25310 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 35 92.71 118.24 188.30 188.30 3.49 65.94 96.56 125.64 125.64 2.33 65.52 96.88 121.14 121.14 2.25311 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 35 92.59 117.94 187.95 187.95 3.49 65.94 96.43 124.71 124.71 2.31 65.52 96.86 120.49 120.49 2.24312 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 35 92.59 117.79 187.77 187.77 3.48 65.94 96.40 124.43 124.43 2.31 65.52 96.86 120.28 120.28 2.23313 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 35 92.59 117.84 187.82 187.82 3.49 65.94 96.49 125.37 125.37 2.33 65.52 96.87 121.29 121.29 2.25314 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 35 92.59 118.08 188.11 188.11 3.49 65.94 96.65 127.56 127.56 2.37 65.52 96.95 123.87 123.87 2.30315 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 35 92.60 118.49 188.63 188.63 3.50 65.94 96.81 130.50 130.50 2.42 65.52 97.18 127.59 127.59 2.37316 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.80 98.99 138.40 138.40 2.57 104.51 83.79 98.19 104.51 1.94 103.99 88.88 92.66 103.99 1.93317 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.80 99.00 137.08 137.08 2.54 104.56 83.71 97.84 104.56 1.94 105.06 90.23 93.46 105.06 1.95318 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.81 99.00 135.71 135.71 2.52 104.61 83.62 96.77 104.61 1.94 105.13 90.69 93.20 105.13 1.95319 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 116.99 85.08 153.50 153.50 2.85 78.63 105.26 164.68 164.68 3.06 83.05 110.80 166.76 166.76 3.09320 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 124.00 98.71 133.79 133.79 2.48 104.78 83.92 95.09 104.78 1.94 104.41 90.53 92.39 104.41 1.94321 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.99 98.72 133.47 133.47 2.48 104.69 83.93 95.73 104.69 1.94 105.18 90.83 93.66 105.18 1.95322 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.98 98.72 133.69 133.69 2.48 104.60 83.95 97.25 104.60 1.94 104.90 90.19 96.10 104.90 1.95323 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.98 98.72 134.24 134.24 2.49 104.52 83.97 98.88 104.52 1.94 103.68 88.69 98.73 103.68 1.92324 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.97 98.72 135.03 135.03 2.51 104.45 83.99 99.85 104.45 1.94 101.68 86.50 100.65 101.68 1.89325 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.97 98.72 135.79 135.79 2.52 104.39 84.02 99.66 104.39 1.94 99.16 83.86 101.28 101.28 1.88326 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.97 98.73 136.25 136.25 2.53 104.35 84.05 97.98 104.35 1.94 96.46 81.11 100.29 100.29 1.86327 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.96 98.74 136.29 136.29 2.53 104.32 84.07 94.68 104.32 1.94 93.97 78.62 97.50 97.50 1.81328 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.95 98.75 135.61 135.61 2.52 104.29 84.08 91.40 104.29 1.94 92.07 76.74 96.59 96.59 1.79329 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.93 98.77 136.03 136.03 2.52 104.28 84.09 90.57 104.28 1.94 91.09 75.94 95.08 95.08 1.76330 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.91 98.80 137.85 137.85 2.56 104.28 84.09 89.68 104.28 1.94 91.19 75.97 92.22 92.22 1.71331 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.88 98.83 139.27 139.27 2.58 104.30 84.08 89.43 104.30 1.94 92.36 77.03 92.05 92.36 1.71332 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.86 98.86 140.17 140.17 2.60 104.32 84.05 89.26 104.32 1.94 94.39 79.04 91.06 94.39 1.75333 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.83 98.89 140.50 140.50 2.61 104.34 84.01 91.60 104.34 1.94 96.95 81.61 89.35 96.95 1.80334 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.80 98.92 140.26 140.26 2.60 104.38 83.97 95.19 104.38 1.94 99.65 84.36 89.30 99.65 1.85335 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.78 98.94 139.52 139.52 2.59 104.43 83.92 97.36 104.43 1.94 102.11 86.95 90.56 102.11 1.89336 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 123.77 98.95 138.38 138.38 2.57 104.48 83.84 98.18 104.48 1.94 103.99 89.04 92.76 103.99 1.93337 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 40 102.05 117.46 192.06 192.06 3.56 64.97 99.39 132.74 132.74 2.46 66.63 99.07 129.63 129.63 2.41338 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 40 102.05 117.93 192.68 192.68 3.58 64.97 101.65 135.73 135.73 2.52 66.63 99.79 133.76 133.76 2.48339 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 40 102.06 118.41 193.38 193.38 3.59 64.97 104.98 137.89 137.89 2.56 66.63 100.64 137.17 137.17 2.55340 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 40 102.06 118.82 194.08 194.08 3.60 64.98 108.56 138.66 138.66 2.57 66.63 102.94 139.19 139.19 2.58341 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 40 102.07 119.06 194.67 194.67 3.61 64.98 111.86 137.69 137.69 2.56 66.63 107.83 139.37 139.37 2.59342 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 40 102.08 119.05 195.03 195.03 3.62 64.98 114.46 134.77 134.77 2.50 66.63 112.28 137.47 137.47 2.55343 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 40 102.08 118.75 195.10 195.10 3.62 64.99 116.07 129.86 129.86 2.41 66.63 115.79 133.38 133.38 2.48344 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 118.53 194.88 194.88 3.62 64.98 116.53 123.02 123.02 2.28 66.64 118.07 127.14 127.14 2.36345 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 118.74 194.92 194.92 3.62 64.98 115.77 119.45 119.45 2.22 66.64 118.95 118.91 118.95 2.21346 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 118.83 194.79 194.79 3.61 64.98 113.82 122.54 122.54 2.27 66.64 118.39 114.35 118.39 2.20347 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 118.80 194.49 194.49 3.61 64.97 110.82 126.04 126.04 2.34 66.64 116.46 115.33 116.46 2.16348 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 118.64 194.05 194.05 3.60 64.97 107.00 128.48 128.48 2.38 66.64 113.36 119.21 119.21 2.21349 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 118.37 193.51 193.51 3.59 64.98 102.73 129.75 129.75 2.41 66.64 109.40 121.85 121.85 2.26350 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 118.03 192.94 192.94 3.58 64.98 99.45 129.89 129.89 2.41 66.64 105.04 123.21 123.21 2.29351 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 117.64 192.39 192.39 3.57 64.98 99.32 129.14 129.14 2.40 66.71 100.90 123.41 123.41 2.29352 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 40 102.09 117.29 191.91 191.91 3.56 65.08 99.10 127.90 127.90 2.37 66.71 98.53 122.79 122.79 2.28353 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 40 102.02 117.02 191.56 191.56 3.55 65.08 98.92 126.78 126.78 2.35 66.71 98.56 121.94 121.94 2.26354 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 40 102.02 116.88 191.40 191.40 3.55 65.08 98.87 126.46 126.46 2.35 66.71 98.57 121.68 121.68 2.26355 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 40 102.02 116.92 191.45 191.45 3.55 65.08 98.98 127.48 127.48 2.37 66.71 98.59 122.82 122.82 2.28356 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 40 102.02 117.14 191.71 191.71 3.56 65.08 99.18 129.82 129.82 2.41 66.71 98.76 125.65 125.65 2.33357 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 40 102.02 117.51 192.17 192.17 3.57 65.08 99.35 132.91 132.91 2.47 66.71 99.21 129.61 129.61 2.41358 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.59 99.32 139.61 139.61 2.59 104.84 83.77 99.10 104.84 1.95 104.63 89.08 93.33 104.63 1.94359 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.59 99.32 138.26 138.26 2.57 104.89 83.69 98.62 104.89 1.95 105.52 90.37 94.03 105.52 1.96360 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 122.60 86.20 154.21 154.21 2.86 104.92 83.59 97.43 104.92 1.95 105.40 90.79 93.67 105.40 1.96361 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 122.60 86.22 154.16 154.16 2.86 83.18 107.26 168.27 168.27 3.12 87.62 113.10 170.29 170.29 3.16362 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.77 99.06 134.99 134.99 2.51 105.13 83.89 95.65 105.13 1.95 104.54 90.60 92.77 104.54 1.94363 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.76 99.06 134.69 134.69 2.50 105.04 83.91 96.34 105.04 1.95 105.49 90.93 94.09 105.49 1.96364 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.75 99.07 134.92 134.92 2.50 104.95 83.93 97.94 104.95 1.95 105.41 90.34 96.62 105.41 1.96365 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.75 99.07 135.46 135.46 2.51 104.87 83.95 99.65 104.87 1.95 104.37 88.89 99.36 104.37 1.94366 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.74 99.07 136.25 136.25 2.53 104.80 83.97 100.70 104.80 1.94 102.54 86.76 101.38 102.54 1.90367 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.74 99.08 136.97 136.97 2.54 104.74 84.00 100.56 104.74 1.94 100.17 84.20 102.09 102.09 1.89368 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.73 99.09 137.40 137.40 2.55 104.70 84.02 98.91 104.70 1.94 97.60 81.51 101.15 101.15 1.88369 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.72 99.10 137.38 137.38 2.55 104.67 84.04 95.61 104.67 1.94 95.21 79.07 98.39 98.39 1.83370 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.71 99.12 136.65 136.65 2.54 104.64 84.05 91.54 104.64 1.94 93.38 77.23 97.54 97.54 1.81371 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.69 99.14 137.53 137.53 2.55 104.64 84.06 90.71 104.64 1.94 92.43 76.28 95.89 95.89 1.78372 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.67 99.16 139.31 139.31 2.59 104.64 84.06 89.83 104.64 1.94 92.53 76.38 93.11 93.11 1.73373 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.64 99.19 140.68 140.68 2.61 104.65 84.05 89.69 104.65 1.94 93.65 77.51 92.81 93.65 1.74374 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.62 99.22 141.53 141.53 2.63 104.67 84.02 89.42 104.67 1.94 95.61 79.48 91.60 95.61 1.77375 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.59 99.24 141.81 141.81 2.63 104.70 83.99 92.75 104.70 1.94 98.07 82.00 89.90 98.07 1.82376 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.57 99.26 141.53 141.53 2.63 104.73 83.95 96.29 104.73 1.94 100.64 84.69 89.83 100.64 1.87377 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.56 99.27 140.75 140.75 2.61 104.77 83.89 98.37 104.77 1.94 102.94 87.21 91.30 102.94 1.91378 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.55 99.28 139.58 139.58 2.59 104.81 83.81 99.08 104.81 1.94 104.65 89.24 93.43 104.65 1.94379 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 45 111.14 117.09 196.35 196.35 3.64 65.72 102.05 134.72 134.72 2.50 67.75 100.82 131.28 131.28 2.44380 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 45 111.14 117.50 196.81 196.81 3.65 65.72 104.98 137.81 137.81 2.56 67.75 101.74 135.58 135.58 2.52381 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 45 111.15 117.93 197.35 197.35 3.66 65.73 108.67 140.01 140.01 2.60 67.75 102.79 139.11 139.11 2.58382 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 45 111.15 118.29 197.91 197.91 3.67 65.73 112.52 140.78 140.78 2.61 67.75 105.99 141.18 141.18 2.62383 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 45 111.16 118.48 198.42 198.42 3.68 65.73 115.99 139.76 139.76 2.59 67.75 111.32 141.37 141.37 2.62384 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 45 111.16 118.44 198.83 198.83 3.69 65.72 118.66 136.75 136.75 2.54 67.75 116.05 139.41 139.41 2.59385 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 45 111.16 118.12 199.09 199.09 3.69 65.72 120.25 131.69 131.69 2.44 67.75 119.71 135.22 135.22 2.51386 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 45 111.16 118.31 199.19 199.19 3.70 65.72 120.58 124.68 124.68 2.31 67.75 122.02 128.84 128.84 2.39387 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 45 111.16 118.43 199.10 199.10 3.69 65.72 119.61 121.33 121.33 2.25 67.75 122.82 120.43 122.82 2.28388 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 45 111.16 118.47 198.84 198.84 3.69 65.71 117.38 125.76 125.76 2.33 67.75 122.07 115.52 122.07 2.27389 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 45 111.16 118.40 198.42 198.42 3.68 65.71 114.03 129.22 129.22 2.40 67.75 119.88 117.39 119.88 2.22390 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 45 111.15 118.22 197.88 197.88 3.67 65.72 109.84 131.48 131.48 2.44 67.75 116.45 121.34 121.34 2.25


(s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size




Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 3


391 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 45 111.15 117.96 197.28 197.28 3.66 65.72 105.18 132.47 132.47 2.46 67.75 112.11 123.89 123.89 2.30392 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 45 111.14 117.63 196.66 196.66 3.65 65.72 101.71 132.31 132.31 2.46 67.75 107.37 125.05 125.05 2.32393 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 45 111.14 117.28 196.29 196.29 3.64 65.78 101.48 131.24 131.24 2.44 67.81 102.87 125.00 125.00 2.32394 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 45 111.14 116.95 196.03 196.03 3.64 65.78 101.16 129.75 129.75 2.41 67.81 99.88 124.14 124.14 2.30395 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 45 111.12 116.70 195.82 195.82 3.63 65.78 100.92 128.47 128.47 2.38 67.81 99.99 123.11 123.11 2.28396 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 45 111.11 116.58 195.71 195.71 3.63 65.78 100.87 128.12 128.12 2.38 67.81 100.01 122.81 122.81 2.28397 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 45 111.11 116.61 195.74 195.74 3.63 65.78 101.00 129.22 129.22 2.40 67.81 100.06 124.06 124.06 2.30398 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 45 111.12 116.81 195.93 195.93 3.64 65.78 101.22 131.68 131.68 2.44 67.81 100.33 127.09 127.09 2.36399 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 45 111.12 117.14 196.27 196.27 3.64 65.78 102.25 134.89 134.89 2.50 67.81 100.95 131.26 131.26 2.44400 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.23 99.64 140.81 140.81 2.61 105.06 83.78 99.83 105.06 1.95 105.15 89.29 93.85 105.15 1.95401 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.23 99.64 139.44 139.44 2.59 105.09 83.70 99.25 105.09 1.95 105.88 90.53 94.48 105.88 1.96402 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 127.84 87.06 154.86 154.86 2.87 105.13 83.60 97.96 105.13 1.95 105.60 90.90 94.04 105.60 1.96403 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 127.84 87.08 154.81 154.81 2.87 87.31 108.98 171.23 171.23 3.18 91.78 115.02 173.17 173.17 3.21404 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.40 99.40 136.18 136.18 2.53 105.36 83.91 96.09 105.36 1.96 104.61 90.68 93.05 104.61 1.94405 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.39 99.40 135.89 135.89 2.52 105.27 83.92 96.82 105.27 1.95 105.73 91.06 94.42 105.73 1.96406 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.38 99.41 136.13 136.13 2.53 105.18 83.94 98.49 105.18 1.95 105.80 90.50 97.03 105.80 1.96407 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.37 99.41 136.67 136.67 2.54 105.10 83.96 100.28 105.10 1.95 104.91 89.11 99.85 104.91 1.95408 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.37 99.42 137.45 137.45 2.55 105.03 83.99 101.39 105.03 1.95 103.22 87.04 101.95 103.22 1.92409 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.36 99.43 138.14 138.14 2.56 104.97 84.01 101.29 104.97 1.95 100.98 84.53 102.72 102.72 1.91410 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.35 99.44 138.55 138.55 2.57 104.92 84.03 99.67 104.92 1.95 98.51 81.90 101.82 101.82 1.89411 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.34 99.45 138.46 138.46 2.57 104.89 84.05 96.37 104.89 1.95 96.20 79.50 99.09 99.09 1.84412 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.33 99.47 137.68 137.68 2.55 104.87 84.06 91.66 104.87 1.95 94.42 77.69 98.37 98.37 1.83413 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.31 99.49 139.04 139.04 2.58 104.86 84.07 90.79 104.86 1.95 93.50 76.76 96.63 96.63 1.79414 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.29 99.51 140.78 140.78 2.61 104.86 84.06 90.08 104.86 1.95 93.60 76.86 93.94 93.94 1.74415 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.26 99.54 142.11 142.11 2.64 104.87 84.06 89.85 104.87 1.95 94.69 77.97 93.51 94.69 1.76416 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.24 99.56 142.91 142.91 2.65 104.90 84.04 89.53 104.90 1.95 96.59 79.91 92.10 96.59 1.79417 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.22 99.58 143.14 143.14 2.66 104.92 84.00 93.68 104.92 1.95 98.96 82.38 90.49 98.96 1.84418 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.21 99.59 142.80 142.80 2.65 104.95 83.96 97.18 104.95 1.95 101.41 85.02 90.30 101.41 1.88419 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.20 99.60 141.98 141.98 2.63 104.98 83.90 99.19 104.98 1.95 103.59 87.48 91.88 103.59 1.92420 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.19 99.60 140.79 140.79 2.61 105.02 83.83 99.81 105.02 1.95 105.16 89.45 93.96 105.16 1.95421 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 50 119.91 117.54 201.18 201.18 3.73 67.89 104.58 136.38 136.38 2.53 68.82 102.36 132.65 132.65 2.46422 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 50 119.92 117.67 201.63 201.63 3.74 67.89 107.86 139.55 139.55 2.59 68.82 103.49 137.10 137.10 2.54423 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 50 119.92 117.98 202.13 202.13 3.75 67.89 111.86 141.80 141.80 2.63 68.82 104.72 140.71 140.71 2.61424 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 50 119.92 118.29 202.63 202.63 3.76 67.89 115.95 142.57 142.57 2.65 68.82 108.64 142.84 142.84 2.65425 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 50 119.92 118.44 203.06 203.06 3.77 67.89 119.57 141.50 141.50 2.63 68.82 114.32 143.03 143.03 2.65426 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 50 119.92 118.36 203.37 203.37 3.77 67.89 122.31 138.42 138.42 2.57 68.82 119.28 141.04 141.04 2.62427 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 50 119.92 118.51 203.53 203.53 3.78 67.88 123.88 133.25 133.25 2.47 68.82 123.07 136.76 136.76 2.54428 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 50 119.92 118.63 203.50 203.50 3.78 67.88 124.11 126.09 126.09 2.34 68.82 125.40 130.26 130.26 2.42429 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 50 119.91 118.68 203.29 203.29 3.77 67.88 122.96 124.03 124.03 2.30 68.82 126.12 121.70 126.12 2.34430 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 50 119.91 118.65 202.90 202.90 3.77 67.88 120.48 128.56 128.56 2.39 68.82 125.22 116.73 125.22 2.32431 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 50 119.90 118.54 202.37 202.37 3.76 67.88 116.84 131.95 131.95 2.45 68.82 122.80 119.25 122.80 2.28432 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 50 119.90 118.35 201.80 201.80 3.74 67.88 112.31 134.04 134.04 2.49 68.82 119.07 123.21 123.21 2.29433 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 50 119.89 118.08 201.70 201.70 3.74 67.88 107.32 134.79 134.79 2.50 68.82 114.42 125.65 125.65 2.33434 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 50 119.89 117.79 201.48 201.48 3.74 67.88 103.63 134.35 134.35 2.49 68.87 109.35 126.61 126.61 2.35435 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 50 119.88 117.61 201.19 201.19 3.73 67.93 103.28 133.02 133.02 2.47 68.87 104.55 126.34 126.34 2.34436 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 50 119.88 117.48 200.90 200.90 3.73 67.93 102.87 131.30 131.30 2.44 68.87 101.09 125.26 125.26 2.32437 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 50 119.89 117.39 200.67 200.67 3.72 67.93 102.57 129.88 129.88 2.41 68.87 101.21 124.08 124.08 2.30438 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 50 119.89 117.35 200.55 200.55 3.72 67.93 102.51 129.50 129.50 2.40 68.87 101.22 123.75 123.75 2.30439 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 50 119.89 117.35 200.59 200.59 3.72 67.93 102.66 130.66 130.66 2.42 68.87 101.31 125.09 125.09 2.32440 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 50 119.89 117.41 200.78 200.78 3.73 67.93 102.91 133.24 133.24 2.47 68.87 101.69 128.29 128.29 2.38441 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 50 119.89 117.51 201.11 201.11 3.73 67.93 104.78 136.55 136.55 2.53 68.87 102.49 132.63 132.63 2.46442 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.75 99.95 141.99 141.99 2.63 105.19 83.82 100.43 105.19 1.95 105.57 89.52 94.27 105.57 1.96443 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.76 99.94 140.60 140.60 2.61 105.23 83.73 99.76 105.23 1.95 106.17 90.70 94.84 106.17 1.97444 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 132.72 88.22 155.51 155.51 2.89 105.26 83.64 98.39 105.26 1.95 105.76 91.03 94.33 105.76 1.96445 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 132.72 88.25 155.46 155.46 2.88 91.17 110.46 173.73 173.73 3.22 95.68 116.64 175.56 175.56 3.26446 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.92 99.72 137.33 137.33 2.55 105.50 83.94 96.45 105.50 1.96 104.68 90.77 93.27 104.68 1.94447 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.91 99.73 137.06 137.06 2.54 105.41 83.96 97.21 105.41 1.96 105.92 91.18 94.67 105.92 1.97448 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.90 99.74 137.30 137.30 2.55 105.32 83.98 98.94 105.32 1.95 106.12 90.69 97.35 106.12 1.97449 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.89 99.74 137.84 137.84 2.56 105.24 84.00 100.79 105.24 1.95 105.35 89.35 100.25 105.35 1.95450 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.88 99.75 138.62 138.62 2.57 105.17 84.02 101.95 105.17 1.95 103.77 87.33 102.40 103.77 1.93451 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.87 99.76 139.29 139.29 2.58 105.11 84.04 101.90 105.11 1.95 101.64 84.87 103.23 103.23 1.92452 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.86 99.77 139.66 139.66 2.59 105.07 84.06 100.30 105.07 1.95 99.25 82.28 102.37 102.37 1.90453 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.85 99.79 139.52 139.52 2.59 105.04 84.08 97.01 105.04 1.95 97.02 79.93 99.67 99.67 1.85454 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.84 99.81 138.69 138.69 2.57 105.03 84.10 92.00 105.03 1.95 95.29 78.15 99.11 99.11 1.84455 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.82 99.83 140.53 140.53 2.61 105.02 84.10 90.83 105.02 1.95 94.38 77.24 97.30 97.30 1.81456 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.80 99.85 142.24 142.24 2.64 105.02 84.10 90.27 105.02 1.95 94.47 77.33 94.68 94.68 1.76457 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.77 99.87 143.52 143.52 2.66 105.03 84.09 89.94 105.03 1.95 95.54 78.43 94.15 95.54 1.77458 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.75 99.89 144.27 144.27 2.68 105.04 84.07 89.70 105.04 1.95 97.39 80.34 92.58 97.39 1.81459 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.74 99.90 144.45 144.45 2.68 105.06 84.04 94.44 105.06 1.95 99.68 82.76 91.03 99.68 1.85460 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.72 99.91 144.07 144.07 2.67 105.09 84.00 97.91 105.09 1.95 102.05 85.35 90.73 102.05 1.89461 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.72 99.91 143.20 143.20 2.66 105.13 83.94 99.87 105.13 1.95 104.12 87.76 92.35 104.12 1.93462 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 122.72 99.91 141.97 141.97 2.63 105.15 83.87 100.40 105.15 1.95 105.58 89.68 94.38 105.58 1.96463 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 100 192.76 139.98 244.07 244.07 4.53 83.10 118.48 144.74 144.74 2.69 78.13 112.40 139.41 139.41 2.59464 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 100 192.76 140.16 244.18 244.18 4.53 83.11 123.71 148.38 148.38 2.75 78.12 115.12 144.57 144.57 2.68465 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 140.37 244.42 244.42 4.54 83.11 129.41 150.90 150.90 2.80 78.12 117.69 148.69 148.69 2.76466 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 140.59 244.77 244.77 4.54 83.11 134.83 151.74 151.74 2.82 78.12 123.34 151.08 151.08 2.80467 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 100 192.74 140.77 245.12 245.12 4.55 83.11 139.33 150.53 150.53 2.79 78.13 130.67 151.32 151.32 2.81468 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 100 192.74 140.88 245.44 245.44 4.55 83.10 142.47 147.09 147.09 2.73 78.15 136.70 149.16 149.16 2.77469 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 100 192.74 140.90 245.67 245.67 4.56 83.08 143.99 141.37 143.99 2.67 78.17 141.03 144.50 144.50 2.68470 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 100 192.73 140.81 245.79 245.79 4.56 83.07 143.71 133.48 143.71 2.67 78.20 143.39 137.43 143.39 2.66471 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 100 192.74 140.59 245.75 245.75 4.56 83.06 141.63 139.46 141.63 2.63 78.22 143.67 128.13 143.67 2.67472 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 100 192.74 140.27 245.54 245.54 4.56 83.04 137.85 143.95 143.95 2.67 78.23 141.90 127.37 141.90 2.63473 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 140.16 245.17 245.17 4.55 83.03 132.59 146.67 146.67 2.72 78.24 138.23 130.15 138.23 2.57474 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 140.18 244.66 244.66 4.54 82.97 126.24 147.62 147.62 2.74 78.05 132.97 133.59 133.59 2.48475 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 100 192.76 140.17 244.36 244.36 4.53 82.98 119.33 146.93 146.93 2.73 78.04 126.57 135.07 135.07 2.51476 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 100 192.77 140.12 244.24 244.24 4.53 82.98 114.69 144.90 144.90 2.69 78.04 119.70 134.79 134.79 2.50477 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 100 192.78 140.05 244.11 244.11 4.53 82.98 113.21 142.03 142.03 2.64 78.03 113.24 133.16 133.16 2.47478 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 100 192.79 139.97 243.99 243.99 4.53 82.98 111.96 139.04 139.04 2.58 78.03 108.45 130.85 130.85 2.43479 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 139.90 243.90 243.90 4.53 82.98 112.04 136.84 136.84 2.54 78.03 108.34 128.83 128.83 2.39480 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 139.87 243.86 243.86 4.53 82.98 111.98 136.30 136.30 2.53 78.03 108.26 128.30 128.30 2.38481 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 139.88 243.87 243.87 4.53 82.98 112.64 137.81 137.81 2.56 78.03 108.76 130.13 130.13 2.41482 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 100 192.75 139.95 243.93 243.93 4.53 82.99 114.81 140.99 140.99 2.62 78.03 110.20 134.17 134.17 2.49483 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 100 192.74 140.08 244.02 244.02 4.53 82.99 118.72 144.92 144.92 2.69 78.02 112.51 139.38 139.38 2.59484 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.44 101.99 151.29 151.29 2.81 105.49 84.53 103.23 105.49 1.96 107.58 91.88 96.14 107.58 2.00485 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.43 101.96 149.59 149.59 2.78 105.52 84.43 102.14 105.52 1.96 107.56 92.53 96.41 107.56 2.00486 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 166.26 115.15 160.92 166.26 3.09 105.56 84.31 100.34 105.56 1.96 124.17 130.15 188.72 188.72 3.50487 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 166.26 115.16 160.89 166.26 3.09 120.48 118.65 186.41 186.41 3.46 124.95 125.18 187.32 187.32 3.48488 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 166.24 115.17 160.85 166.24 3.08 105.87 84.66 98.01 105.87 1.96 104.90 91.63 94.18 104.90 1.95489 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.52 101.95 145.83 145.83 2.71 105.78 84.67 98.93 105.78 1.96 106.78 92.60 95.77 106.78 1.98490 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.53 101.96 146.15 146.15 2.71 105.69 84.69 100.97 105.69 1.96 107.63 92.64 98.77 107.63 2.00491 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.55 101.98 146.77 146.77 2.72 105.62 84.71 103.15 105.62 1.96 107.50 91.82 102.00 107.50 1.99492 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.56 102.00 147.56 147.56 2.74 105.57 84.72 104.60 105.57 1.96 106.53 90.29 104.47 106.53 1.98493 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.56 102.02 148.12 148.12 2.75 105.55 84.74 104.77 105.55 1.96 104.93 88.27 105.55 105.55 1.96494 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.56 102.03 148.34 148.34 2.75 105.54 84.76 103.32 105.54 1.96 103.00 86.08 104.89 104.89 1.95495 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.55 102.05 148.63 148.63 2.76 105.53 84.79 100.11 105.53 1.96 101.05 84.04 103.72 103.72 1.92496 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.54 102.06 150.70 150.70 2.80 105.52 84.81 95.09 105.52 1.96 99.49 82.49 103.38 103.38 1.92497 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.52 102.07 152.56 152.56 2.83 105.49 84.83 91.81 105.49 1.96 98.65 81.70 101.33 101.33 1.88498 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.51 102.07 154.04 154.04 2.86 105.46 84.84 90.94 105.46 1.96 98.71 81.80 99.37 99.37 1.84499 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.49 102.07 154.99 154.99 2.88 105.43 84.85 90.61 105.43 1.96 99.64 82.77 98.35 99.64 1.85500 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.48 102.06 155.34 155.34 2.88 105.40 84.83 93.03 105.40 1.96 101.25 84.44 96.01 101.25 1.88501 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.47 102.04 155.07 155.07 2.88 105.39 84.80 97.99 105.39 1.96 103.22 86.53 94.69 103.22 1.92502 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.46 102.01 154.22 154.22 2.86 105.38 84.74 101.32 105.38 1.96 105.16 88.71 93.73 105.16 1.95503 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.45 101.98 152.90 152.90 2.84 105.41 84.67 103.01 105.41 1.96 106.72 90.64 94.44 106.72 1.98504 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 117.44 101.95 151.28 151.28 2.81 105.45 84.57 103.18 105.45 1.96 107.60 92.05 96.25 107.60 2.00505 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 550 404.79 267.70 390.22 404.79 7.51 115.57 133.68 152.67 152.67 2.83 105.92 129.14 145.69 145.69 2.70506 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 550 404.91 267.79 390.36 404.91 7.51 115.48 141.05 156.87 156.87 2.91 106.94 134.59 151.55 151.55 2.81507 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 550 405.08 267.89 390.59 405.08 7.52 115.11 148.65 159.77 159.77 2.96 107.91 139.48 156.19 156.19 2.90508 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 550 405.26 268.01 390.85 405.26 7.52 114.40 155.54 160.76 160.76 2.98 108.57 143.12 158.89 158.89 2.95509 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 550 405.46 268.13 391.07 405.46 7.52 113.36 161.06 159.50 161.06 2.99 108.75 148.33 159.22 159.22 2.95510 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 550 405.65 268.23 391.23 405.65 7.53 112.08 164.72 155.78 164.72 3.06 108.33 155.31 156.93 156.93 2.91511 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 550 405.83 268.31 391.30 405.83 7.53 110.72 166.24 151.12 166.24 3.08 107.42 160.07 151.95 160.07 2.97512 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 550 405.96 268.36 391.26 405.96 7.53 109.48 165.48 150.61 165.48 3.07 108.62 162.36 145.50 162.36 3.01513 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 550 406.06 268.37 391.19 406.06 7.54 115.61 162.43 156.75 162.43 3.01 109.14 162.10 148.43 162.10 3.01514 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 550 406.10 268.33 391.14 406.10 7.54 116.29 157.26 160.66 160.66 2.98 101.46 159.35 149.20 159.35 2.96515 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 550 406.10 268.25 391.03 406.10 7.54 116.66 150.25 162.30 162.30 3.01 100.49 154.33 147.89 154.33 2.86516 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 550 406.04 268.13 390.88 406.04 7.53 116.72 141.87 161.77 161.77 3.00 101.66 147.39 144.87 147.39 2.74517 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 550 405.95 267.99 390.69 405.95 7.53 116.51 136.91 159.32 159.32 2.96 102.90 139.11 144.96 144.96 2.69518 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 550 405.83 267.83 390.48 405.83 7.53 116.12 132.88 155.42 155.42 2.88 103.84 130.29 143.10 143.10 2.66519 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 550 404.78 267.68 390.27 404.78 7.51 115.66 128.82 150.77 150.77 2.80 104.37 123.37 139.86 139.86 2.60520 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 550 404.71 267.59 390.14 404.71 7.51 115.27 125.44 146.32 146.32 2.72 104.54 120.61 136.13 136.13 2.53


(s)Type of

Fault

Fault Duration

(s)

NER Size




Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 3


521 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 550 404.66 267.54 390.05 404.66 7.51 115.02 123.42 143.23 143.23 2.66 104.51 119.40 133.17 133.17 2.47522 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 550 404.63 267.51 390.01 404.63 7.51 114.97 122.99 142.50 142.50 2.64 104.48 119.04 132.44 132.44 2.46523 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 550 404.64 267.52 390.02 404.64 7.51 115.08 124.02 144.39 144.39 2.68 104.67 120.53 134.75 134.75 2.50524 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 550 404.69 267.55 390.08 404.69 7.51 115.25 127.87 148.24 148.24 2.75 105.20 124.14 139.60 139.60 2.59525 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 550 404.78 267.62 390.18 404.78 7.51 115.35 133.93 152.85 152.85 2.84 106.07 129.20 145.65 145.65 2.70526 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 121.28 104.91 166.91 166.91 3.10 105.20 86.43 105.46 105.46 1.96 109.67 98.09 97.56 109.67 2.04527 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 218.98 175.97 172.48 218.98 4.06 105.42 86.28 104.00 105.42 1.96 109.03 97.25 97.58 109.03 2.02528 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 218.98 175.95 172.50 218.98 4.06 105.57 86.14 101.83 105.57 1.96 181.85 139.78 200.21 200.21 3.72529 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 218.96 175.92 172.50 218.96 4.06 179.57 139.34 198.80 198.80 3.69 181.13 137.53 198.36 198.36 3.68530 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 218.92 175.90 172.47 218.92 4.06 105.94 86.68 99.11 105.94 1.97 104.85 93.59 94.77 104.85 1.95531 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 218.88 175.88 172.42 218.88 4.06 105.85 86.69 100.18 105.85 1.96 107.38 96.12 96.52 107.38 1.99532 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.82 105.53 160.06 160.06 2.97 105.81 86.70 102.50 105.81 1.96 108.95 97.68 99.80 108.95 2.02533 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.82 105.55 160.96 160.96 2.99 105.86 86.71 105.00 105.86 1.96 109.73 98.32 103.34 109.73 2.04534 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.81 105.56 162.01 162.01 3.01 106.00 86.74 106.74 106.74 1.98 109.75 98.15 106.09 109.75 2.04535 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.79 105.56 162.87 162.87 3.02 106.19 86.80 107.15 107.15 1.99 108.93 97.29 107.41 108.93 2.02536 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.77 105.53 165.47 165.47 3.07 106.35 86.88 105.88 106.35 1.97 107.29 96.01 106.93 107.29 1.99537 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.75 105.49 168.15 168.15 3.12 106.40 86.96 102.78 106.40 1.97 105.22 94.65 108.44 108.44 2.01538 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.76 105.43 170.63 170.63 3.17 106.28 87.05 97.80 106.28 1.97 103.32 93.58 108.25 108.25 2.01539 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.78 105.35 172.68 172.68 3.20 106.00 87.11 95.15 106.00 1.97 102.18 93.06 106.16 106.16 1.97540 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.82 105.26 174.08 174.08 3.23 105.61 87.13 93.53 105.61 1.96 102.08 93.19 105.63 105.63 1.96541 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.89 105.18 174.70 174.70 3.24 105.20 87.09 92.35 105.20 1.95 102.97 93.93 104.30 104.30 1.94542 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 120.96 105.09 174.47 174.47 3.24 104.88 87.00 95.75 104.88 1.95 104.56 95.07 101.35 104.56 1.94543 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 121.05 105.01 173.44 173.44 3.22 104.72 86.89 100.76 104.72 1.94 106.42 96.37 100.38 106.42 1.97544 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 121.14 104.95 171.70 171.70 3.19 104.75 86.75 104.01 104.75 1.94 108.14 97.52 98.71 108.14 2.01545 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 121.21 104.90 169.44 169.44 3.14 104.92 86.60 105.50 105.50 1.96 109.32 98.23 96.05 109.32 2.03546 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 121.27 104.87 166.90 166.90 3.10 105.17 86.46 105.37 105.37 1.96 109.70 98.26 97.68 109.70 2.04547 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000 451.99 310.12 422.14 451.99 8.39 121.89 135.41 153.52 153.52 2.85 115.48 131.61 146.35 146.35 2.72548 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000 452.19 310.25 422.35 452.19 8.39 121.75 143.04 157.78 157.78 2.93 117.12 137.45 152.30 152.30 2.83549 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000 452.44 310.40 422.58 452.44 8.40 121.15 150.85 160.72 160.72 2.98 118.66 142.68 156.99 156.99 2.91550 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000 452.72 310.57 422.82 452.72 8.40 120.04 157.92 161.74 161.74 3.00 119.75 146.60 159.72 159.72 2.96551 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000 452.99 310.75 423.03 452.99 8.41 118.43 163.56 160.47 163.56 3.04 120.15 150.36 160.06 160.06 2.97552 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.26 310.93 423.21 453.26 8.41 116.43 167.28 156.73 167.28 3.10 119.69 157.43 157.76 157.76 2.93553 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.48 311.09 423.32 453.48 8.42 114.26 168.81 154.68 168.81 3.13 118.31 162.23 152.76 162.23 3.01554 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.65 311.22 423.36 453.65 8.42 112.26 167.99 152.62 167.99 3.12 117.07 164.51 148.99 164.51 3.05555 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.74 311.31 423.31 453.74 8.42 122.69 164.84 158.74 164.84 3.06 117.63 164.19 151.90 164.19 3.05556 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.75 311.35 423.24 453.75 8.42 123.65 159.51 162.56 162.56 3.02 106.43 161.33 152.56 161.33 2.99557 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.68 311.35 423.10 453.68 8.42 124.12 152.30 164.07 164.07 3.04 106.40 156.14 151.02 156.14 2.90558 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.54 311.30 422.91 453.54 8.42 124.10 143.98 163.35 163.35 3.03 108.56 149.01 147.53 149.01 2.77559 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.35 311.22 422.69 453.35 8.41 123.68 140.24 160.69 160.69 2.98 110.64 140.52 146.07 146.07 2.71560 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000 453.14 311.10 422.46 453.14 8.41 122.99 135.79 156.57 156.57 2.91 112.12 131.47 144.02 144.02 2.67561 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000 452.01 310.14 422.24 452.01 8.39 122.23 131.31 151.71 151.71 2.82 112.92 126.18 140.59 140.59 2.61562 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000 451.89 310.06 422.05 451.89 8.39 121.57 127.59 147.09 147.09 2.73 113.16 122.87 136.69 136.69 2.54563 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000 451.80 310.01 421.92 451.80 8.38 121.18 125.35 143.90 143.90 2.67 113.09 121.03 133.63 133.63 2.48564 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000 451.75 309.98 421.86 451.75 8.38 121.09 124.88 143.14 143.14 2.66 113.04 120.62 132.87 132.87 2.47565 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000 451.76 309.99 421.87 451.76 8.38 121.26 125.80 145.08 145.08 2.69 113.35 122.27 135.23 135.23 2.51566 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000 451.84 310.03 421.96 451.84 8.38 121.52 129.36 149.00 149.00 2.76 114.23 126.20 140.17 140.17 2.60567 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000 451.98 310.12 422.11 451.98 8.39 121.67 135.67 153.69 153.69 2.85 115.63 131.66 146.32 146.32 2.72568 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 121.13 105.43 168.80 168.80 3.13 105.09 86.71 105.67 105.67 1.96 109.91 99.18 97.69 109.91 2.04569 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 226.53 187.06 174.26 226.53 4.20 105.38 86.58 104.17 105.38 1.96 109.21 98.07 97.68 109.21 2.03570 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 226.54 187.03 174.30 226.54 4.20 105.55 86.44 101.96 105.55 1.96 190.86 150.45 201.44 201.44 3.74571 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 226.52 186.99 174.30 226.52 4.20 189.13 153.92 200.15 200.15 3.71 189.88 151.39 199.54 199.54 3.70572 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 226.48 186.96 174.28 226.48 4.20 105.93 87.02 99.20 105.93 1.97 104.80 93.90 94.82 104.80 1.94573 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 226.44 186.94 174.23 226.44 4.20 105.84 87.03 100.29 105.84 1.96 107.40 96.70 96.58 107.40 1.99574 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.53 106.23 161.69 161.69 3.00 105.82 87.03 102.64 105.82 1.96 109.06 98.54 99.90 109.06 2.02575 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.53 106.25 162.63 162.63 3.02 105.90 87.06 105.17 105.90 1.97 109.99 99.47 103.47 109.99 2.04576 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.50 106.25 163.74 163.74 3.04 106.10 87.10 106.95 106.95 1.98 110.20 99.55 106.25 110.20 2.04577 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.47 106.24 164.80 164.80 3.06 106.35 87.18 107.38 107.38 1.99 109.52 98.92 107.59 109.52 2.03578 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.44 106.20 167.53 167.53 3.11 106.57 87.28 106.13 106.57 1.98 107.91 97.78 107.33 107.91 2.00579 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.43 106.14 170.33 170.33 3.16 106.64 87.39 103.04 106.64 1.98 105.74 96.50 108.98 108.98 2.02580 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.43 106.05 172.91 172.91 3.21 106.48 87.48 98.34 106.48 1.98 103.70 95.47 108.81 108.81 2.02581 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.46 105.95 175.03 175.03 3.25 106.13 87.54 95.85 106.13 1.97 102.44 94.98 106.72 106.72 1.98582 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.52 105.84 176.46 176.46 3.27 105.63 87.53 94.12 105.63 1.96 102.29 95.13 106.42 106.42 1.97583 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.60 105.72 177.07 177.07 3.29 105.11 87.46 92.82 105.11 1.95 103.19 95.84 105.06 105.06 1.95584 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.71 105.62 176.80 176.80 3.28 104.70 87.34 95.99 104.70 1.94 104.81 96.92 102.05 104.81 1.94585 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.83 105.53 175.69 175.69 3.26 104.51 87.19 101.01 104.51 1.94 106.70 98.09 101.17 106.70 1.98586 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 120.94 105.46 173.85 173.85 3.23 104.55 87.04 104.25 104.55 1.94 108.43 99.07 99.41 108.43 2.01587 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 121.04 105.42 171.46 171.46 3.18 104.76 86.89 105.72 105.72 1.96 109.61 99.57 96.51 109.61 2.03588 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 121.12 105.39 168.79 168.79 3.13 105.06 86.75 105.58 105.58 1.96 109.95 99.36 97.81 109.95 2.04589 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.78 381.91 469.64 523.78 9.72 131.61 137.59 154.55 154.55 2.87 130.27 134.90 147.17 147.17 2.73590 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 524.13 382.15 469.94 524.13 9.73 131.41 145.53 158.90 158.90 2.95 133.17 141.26 153.22 153.22 2.84591 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 524.55 382.43 470.28 524.55 9.73 130.48 153.62 161.90 161.90 3.00 135.88 146.95 157.98 157.98 2.93592 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 525.00 382.75 470.65 525.00 9.74 128.70 160.91 162.95 162.95 3.02 137.91 151.23 160.76 160.76 2.98593 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 525.44 383.06 471.00 525.44 9.75 126.07 166.70 161.68 166.70 3.09 138.87 153.58 161.12 161.12 2.99594 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 525.83 383.34 471.29 525.83 9.76 122.73 170.50 160.30 170.50 3.16 138.52 160.10 158.81 160.10 2.97595 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 526.14 383.58 471.48 526.14 9.76 119.13 172.04 159.57 172.04 3.19 138.19 164.95 153.76 164.95 3.06596 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 526.33 383.74 471.57 526.33 9.77 134.26 171.15 156.72 171.15 3.18 136.75 167.21 153.68 167.21 3.10597 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 526.39 383.82 471.53 526.39 9.77 135.52 167.87 161.24 167.87 3.12 134.16 166.80 156.56 166.80 3.10598 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 526.31 383.80 471.38 526.31 9.77 136.13 162.34 164.95 164.95 3.06 114.14 163.80 157.04 163.80 3.04599 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 526.09 383.70 471.11 526.09 9.76 136.26 154.87 166.27 166.27 3.09 114.12 158.42 155.22 158.42 2.94600 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 525.77 383.51 470.76 525.77 9.76 136.01 149.05 165.33 165.33 3.07 118.69 151.05 151.32 151.32 2.81601 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 525.37 383.27 470.36 525.37 9.75 135.11 144.78 162.41 162.41 3.01 122.24 142.27 147.46 147.46 2.74602 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 524.15 382.15 470.06 524.15 9.73 133.80 139.75 158.00 158.00 2.93 124.57 134.39 145.17 145.17 2.69603 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.89 381.97 469.82 523.89 9.72 132.40 134.71 152.87 152.87 2.84 125.74 130.16 141.50 141.50 2.63604 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.65 381.80 469.60 523.65 9.72 131.21 130.52 148.03 148.03 2.75 125.99 126.24 137.39 137.39 2.55605 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.47 381.68 469.44 523.47 9.71 130.50 129.09 144.71 144.71 2.69 125.77 123.65 134.19 134.19 2.49606 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.38 381.63 469.36 523.38 9.71 130.35 129.00 143.92 143.92 2.67 125.67 123.09 133.41 133.41 2.48607 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.40 381.64 469.38 523.40 9.71 130.64 129.13 145.92 145.92 2.71 126.27 124.59 135.83 135.83 2.52608 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.54 381.73 469.50 523.54 9.72 131.11 131.22 149.94 149.94 2.78 127.89 128.95 140.88 140.88 2.61609 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1E+06 523.79 381.90 469.72 523.79 9.72 131.40 137.84 154.73 154.73 2.87 130.41 134.94 147.14 147.14 2.73610 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.82 106.17 171.09 171.09 3.17 104.91 87.08 105.91 105.91 1.97 110.20 100.68 97.85 110.20 2.04611 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 236.68 203.01 176.60 236.68 4.39 105.29 86.97 104.37 105.29 1.95 109.43 99.20 97.81 109.43 2.03612 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 236.69 202.97 176.67 236.69 4.39 105.52 86.84 102.12 105.52 1.96 203.04 171.53 202.95 203.04 3.77613 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 236.67 202.92 176.69 236.67 4.39 202.20 175.84 201.83 202.20 3.75 201.71 171.85 201.00 201.71 3.74614 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 236.63 202.87 176.66 236.63 4.39 105.91 87.47 99.31 105.91 1.97 104.71 94.30 94.87 104.71 1.94615 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 236.58 202.85 176.62 236.58 4.39 105.82 87.48 100.41 105.82 1.96 107.39 97.49 96.66 107.39 1.99616 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.03 107.29 163.62 163.62 3.04 105.82 87.49 102.80 105.82 1.96 109.18 99.72 100.01 109.18 2.03617 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.01 107.31 164.64 164.64 3.06 105.96 87.52 105.37 105.96 1.97 110.33 101.05 103.62 110.33 2.05618 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 119.97 107.30 165.82 165.82 3.08 106.25 87.60 107.19 107.19 1.99 110.82 101.53 106.44 110.82 2.06619 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 119.92 107.27 166.99 166.99 3.10 106.61 87.72 107.65 107.65 2.00 110.35 101.22 107.81 110.35 2.05620 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 119.88 107.20 169.89 169.89 3.15 106.91 87.87 106.43 106.91 1.98 108.76 100.27 107.94 108.76 2.02621 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 119.85 107.10 172.86 172.86 3.21 107.01 88.02 103.36 107.01 1.99 106.42 99.06 109.65 109.65 2.03622 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 119.85 106.98 175.58 175.58 3.26 106.82 88.12 99.37 106.82 1.98 104.15 98.07 109.51 109.51 2.03623 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 119.89 106.83 177.80 177.80 3.30 106.35 88.16 96.87 106.35 1.97 102.69 97.60 107.43 107.43 1.99624 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 119.96 106.68 179.29 179.29 3.33 105.68 88.10 95.01 105.68 1.96 102.46 97.77 107.42 107.42 1.99625 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.08 106.53 179.91 179.91 3.34 104.99 87.96 93.55 104.99 1.95 103.37 98.45 106.04 106.04 1.97626 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.23 106.40 179.59 179.59 3.33 104.44 87.78 96.28 104.44 1.94 105.05 99.44 102.97 105.05 1.95627 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.39 106.29 178.40 178.40 3.31 104.17 87.58 101.31 104.17 1.93 107.01 100.45 102.18 107.01 1.99628 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.55 106.21 176.44 176.44 3.27 104.21 87.40 104.54 104.54 1.94 108.77 101.20 100.32 108.77 2.02629 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.70 106.16 173.91 173.91 3.23 104.49 87.24 106.00 106.00 1.97 109.95 101.41 97.28 109.95 2.04630 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1E+06 120.81 106.14 171.08 171.08 3.17 104.88 87.12 105.82 105.82 1.96 110.25 100.86 97.97 110.25 2.05

198765 3.1500 #NAME? 63 4E+07 93833.05 85603.89 120491.21 123384.60 2289.61 57831.31 60492.27 70313.61 72715.63 1349.36 57498.23 61339.80 69216.59 72407.43 1343.64


(s)Type of

FaultFault Duration

(s)

NER Size


Ratio Vmax/Vnom Va (kV) Vb (kV) Vc (kV) V Max (kV)


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

1 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 0 60.18 66.37 61.03 66.37 1.23 68.35 67.46 58.89 68.35 1.27 73.26 65.71 63.56 73.26 1.362 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 0 60.30 66.78 61.37 66.78 1.24 71.09 69.59 59.15 71.09 1.32 77.75 67.41 63.97 77.75 1.443 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 0 60.74 65.54 61.12 65.54 1.22 72.92 69.96 60.52 72.92 1.35 67.12 67.43 62.07 67.43 1.254 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 0 61.94 62.70 61.24 62.70 1.16 68.86 68.57 64.78 68.86 1.28 68.28 65.82 62.64 68.28 1.275 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 0 62.50 58.30 61.57 62.50 1.16 69.59 67.31 67.98 69.59 1.29 70.67 67.24 63.80 70.67 1.316 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 0 63.42 56.59 61.96 63.42 1.18 68.99 66.50 69.94 69.94 1.30 71.91 69.64 68.75 71.91 1.337 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 0 63.73 57.53 62.90 63.73 1.18 69.61 68.49 70.54 70.54 1.31 72.40 70.52 72.19 72.40 1.348 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 0 64.16 58.52 62.96 64.16 1.19 70.82 70.67 69.73 70.82 1.31 76.98 69.81 73.99 76.98 1.439 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 0 64.00 58.74 67.69 67.69 1.26 70.65 71.39 67.52 71.39 1.32 80.60 67.57 74.07 80.60 1.5010 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 0 63.88 59.50 71.46 71.46 1.33 71.78 70.62 64.47 71.78 1.33 83.29 70.36 72.50 83.29 1.5511 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 0 63.34 59.34 73.46 73.46 1.36 73.03 68.43 66.74 73.03 1.36 83.62 71.61 69.29 83.62 1.5512 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 0 62.79 59.32 73.67 73.67 1.37 73.34 64.92 68.56 73.34 1.36 81.99 71.27 65.77 81.99 1.5213 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 0 62.15 58.98 72.06 72.06 1.34 72.30 60.30 68.69 72.30 1.34 79.53 69.35 65.11 79.53 1.4814 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 0 61.44 58.81 68.67 68.67 1.27 69.86 59.94 67.13 69.86 1.30 75.50 66.50 64.37 75.50 1.4015 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 0 61.04 58.04 63.59 63.59 1.18 66.79 59.81 63.93 66.79 1.24 70.65 63.51 63.07 70.65 1.3116 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 0 60.57 57.87 61.44 61.44 1.14 63.86 59.28 59.16 63.86 1.19 66.12 60.72 61.79 66.12 1.2317 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 0 60.40 57.27 61.10 61.10 1.13 61.82 58.72 58.70 61.82 1.15 62.78 58.79 60.63 62.78 1.1618 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 0 60.39 57.37 60.95 60.95 1.13 61.35 58.56 58.62 61.35 1.14 61.95 58.35 60.31 61.95 1.1519 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 0 60.41 60.75 61.26 61.26 1.14 62.62 58.97 58.80 62.62 1.16 64.03 59.48 61.06 64.03 1.1920 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 0 60.78 64.37 61.48 64.37 1.19 65.26 63.65 58.81 65.26 1.21 68.27 62.23 62.36 68.27 1.2721 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 0 60.19 66.40 61.02 66.40 1.23 68.34 67.34 58.81 68.34 1.27 73.22 65.67 63.47 73.22 1.3622 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 67.16 60.10 57.25 67.16 1.25 66.55 70.73 65.83 70.73 1.31 68.52 76.94 68.36 76.94 1.4323 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 67.70 60.54 57.75 67.70 1.26 68.95 71.06 62.02 71.06 1.32 72.17 78.22 68.46 78.22 1.4524 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 68.26 60.22 58.19 68.26 1.27 65.05 70.58 72.20 72.20 1.34 75.17 81.89 65.85 81.89 1.5225 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 68.42 60.34 58.80 68.42 1.27 67.39 71.81 72.37 72.37 1.34 80.31 90.35 65.09 90.35 1.6826 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 69.10 59.58 59.03 69.10 1.28 68.80 71.29 71.21 71.29 1.32 77.80 85.62 77.03 85.62 1.5927 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 68.98 59.48 59.57 68.98 1.28 68.92 69.98 68.89 69.98 1.30 72.70 75.80 78.05 78.05 1.4528 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.07 57.01 61.50 64.07 1.19 67.48 67.78 66.07 67.78 1.26 73.28 72.47 74.57 74.57 1.3829 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.59 56.99 61.42 64.59 1.20 67.00 64.61 65.21 67.00 1.24 74.46 68.24 72.65 74.46 1.3830 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.66 57.06 61.87 64.66 1.20 68.28 62.08 65.12 68.28 1.27 80.02 65.25 72.91 80.02 1.4831 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 65.14 57.51 61.87 65.14 1.21 71.11 62.37 64.33 71.11 1.32 82.80 68.19 72.23 82.80 1.5432 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.43 57.59 66.98 66.98 1.24 72.48 62.01 62.33 72.48 1.35 84.34 70.75 70.05 84.34 1.5733 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.08 57.68 70.44 70.44 1.31 73.00 61.70 66.65 73.00 1.35 84.41 72.67 66.39 84.41 1.5734 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 63.29 57.78 72.17 72.17 1.34 73.89 62.03 70.29 73.89 1.37 80.22 71.61 67.00 80.22 1.4935 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 62.84 57.84 72.13 72.13 1.34 72.58 64.85 72.21 72.58 1.35 76.87 68.48 69.24 76.87 1.4336 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 62.95 57.85 70.31 70.31 1.30 65.87 66.36 72.37 72.37 1.34 75.08 72.40 76.29 76.29 1.4237 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 63.51 57.79 66.76 66.76 1.24 65.00 67.18 70.75 70.75 1.31 66.11 77.12 76.16 77.12 1.4338 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.03 57.77 61.57 64.03 1.19 63.77 68.43 67.40 68.43 1.27 63.34 81.75 74.34 81.75 1.5239 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 64.70 59.06 57.50 64.70 1.20 61.96 68.68 67.73 68.68 1.27 65.79 66.87 62.64 66.87 1.2440 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 65.23 59.34 57.33 65.23 1.21 60.79 67.70 68.06 68.06 1.26 66.82 70.28 63.82 70.28 1.3041 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 66.35 60.24 57.15 66.35 1.23 62.95 68.49 67.83 68.49 1.27 66.54 73.94 65.95 73.94 1.3742 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 67.18 60.13 57.24 67.18 1.25 66.47 70.67 65.82 70.67 1.31 68.50 76.98 68.40 76.98 1.4343 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 5 76.26 72.26 94.19 94.19 1.75 68.16 68.23 97.26 97.26 1.80 75.15 68.29 101.31 101.31 1.8844 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 5 76.23 73.90 94.03 94.03 1.74 68.16 70.56 97.44 97.44 1.81 75.15 67.87 103.36 103.36 1.9245 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 5 76.21 73.72 94.14 94.14 1.75 68.14 71.10 100.61 100.61 1.87 75.13 67.98 103.60 103.60 1.9246 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 5 76.23 71.73 94.07 94.07 1.75 68.14 69.86 103.04 103.04 1.91 75.13 66.44 101.79 101.79 1.8947 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 5 76.07 67.96 93.52 93.52 1.74 68.14 66.88 104.06 104.06 1.93 75.13 65.39 97.86 97.86 1.8248 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 5 76.08 62.76 93.26 93.26 1.73 68.14 67.95 103.35 103.35 1.92 75.14 65.40 98.79 98.79 1.8349 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 5 76.09 62.73 92.89 92.89 1.72 68.14 68.28 100.79 100.79 1.87 75.14 65.40 101.45 101.45 1.8850 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 5 76.07 62.70 92.33 92.33 1.71 68.14 67.32 97.46 97.46 1.81 75.14 65.89 103.44 103.44 1.9251 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 5 76.05 62.66 92.99 92.99 1.73 68.14 65.09 96.88 96.88 1.80 75.13 69.85 103.51 103.51 1.9252 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 5 76.07 62.63 93.45 93.45 1.73 68.14 61.68 96.08 96.08 1.78 75.13 72.17 101.66 101.66 1.8953 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 5 76.11 62.60 93.67 93.67 1.74 68.14 63.21 96.02 96.02 1.78 75.13 72.86 98.06 98.06 1.8254 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 5 76.14 62.57 94.05 94.05 1.75 68.14 65.71 99.20 99.20 1.84 75.14 72.00 97.96 97.96 1.8255 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 5 76.17 64.07 94.16 94.16 1.75 68.14 66.91 101.53 101.53 1.88 75.14 69.66 100.33 100.33 1.8656 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 5 76.21 65.04 94.05 94.05 1.75 68.14 66.88 102.43 102.43 1.90 75.14 66.57 100.85 100.85 1.8757 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 5 76.23 66.08 94.10 94.10 1.75 68.14 65.81 102.16 102.16 1.90 75.13 67.99 99.80 99.80 1.8558 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 5 76.26 66.66 94.04 94.04 1.75 68.14 64.16 101.23 101.23 1.88 75.13 68.00 97.82 97.82 1.8259 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 5 76.27 66.96 93.93 93.93 1.74 68.14 62.80 100.46 100.46 1.86 75.13 67.01 96.38 96.38 1.7960 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 5 76.27 67.06 93.95 93.95 1.74 68.14 62.57 100.32 100.32 1.86 75.13 66.60 96.31 96.31 1.7961 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 5 76.26 67.57 93.93 93.93 1.74 68.14 62.44 100.23 100.23 1.86 75.13 67.82 95.59 95.59 1.7762 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 5 76.25 68.89 94.08 94.08 1.75 68.14 64.20 99.36 99.36 1.84 75.14 68.72 98.07 98.07 1.8263 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 5 76.23 72.30 94.21 94.21 1.75 68.14 68.12 97.40 97.40 1.81 75.14 68.37 101.33 101.33 1.8864 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 92.12 74.23 79.95 92.12 1.71 102.88 67.30 85.40 102.88 1.91 109.27 74.39 81.26 109.27 2.0365 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 88.78 72.49 79.69 88.78 1.65 100.56 70.08 82.91 100.56 1.87 107.27 69.59 83.94 107.27 1.9966 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 85.17 71.42 79.16 85.17 1.58 97.09 71.52 83.18 97.09 1.80 104.03 65.55 85.09 104.03 1.9367 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 81.48 70.87 78.79 81.48 1.51 92.48 70.85 86.03 92.48 1.72 99.54 67.47 84.22 99.54 1.8568 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 77.16 69.32 78.67 78.67 1.46 86.78 68.56 88.91 88.91 1.65 93.92 71.08 81.34 93.92 1.7469 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 73.09 68.68 78.38 78.38 1.45 80.15 65.91 91.04 91.04 1.69 87.31 72.69 86.50 87.31 1.6270 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 68.38 68.43 78.70 78.70 1.46 67.99 63.55 92.01 92.01 1.71 72.72 64.24 92.41 92.41 1.7171 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 67.87 68.01 79.02 79.02 1.47 65.09 61.22 91.58 91.58 1.70 74.84 69.76 96.56 96.56 1.7972 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 94.87 74.99 79.30 94.87 1.76 67.33 59.58 89.63 89.63 1.66 71.69 66.87 98.73 98.73 1.8373 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 97.71 76.32 79.47 97.71 1.81 104.59 64.20 86.17 104.59 1.94 109.88 76.66 98.80 109.88 2.0474 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 99.84 76.33 79.60 99.84 1.85 104.29 63.41 81.20 104.29 1.94 109.18 75.71 96.76 109.18 2.0375 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 101.16 77.19 79.67 101.16 1.88 103.66 63.12 80.86 103.66 1.92 108.24 75.17 92.61 108.24 2.0176 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 101.85 77.35 81.21 101.85 1.89 102.99 63.10 81.30 102.99 1.91 107.45 74.84 90.20 107.45 1.9977 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 102.23 77.27 81.22 102.23 1.90 102.55 63.15 81.72 102.55 1.90 106.98 74.76 87.72 106.98 1.9978 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 102.20 77.23 79.99 102.20 1.90 102.58 63.15 82.57 102.58 1.90 107.03 74.75 84.88 107.03 1.9979 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 101.78 77.23 80.14 101.78 1.89 103.02 63.12 82.70 103.02 1.91 107.54 74.69 83.88 107.54 2.0080 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 101.03 76.97 80.27 101.03 1.87 103.67 63.19 84.24 103.67 1.92 108.37 74.97 81.79 108.37 2.0181 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 99.64 76.09 80.28 99.64 1.85 104.28 63.54 84.56 104.28 1.94 109.29 75.96 83.59 109.29 2.0382 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 97.41 76.04 80.31 97.41 1.81 104.53 64.34 85.94 104.53 1.94 110.00 77.29 84.09 110.00 2.0483 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 94.49 74.68 80.17 94.49 1.75 104.14 65.59 86.54 104.14 1.93 110.12 77.35 83.33 110.12 2.0484 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 92.12 74.23 79.98 92.12 1.71 102.85 67.34 85.41 102.85 1.91 109.27 74.42 81.25 109.27 2.0385 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 10 98.54 77.01 103.68 103.68 1.92 61.78 76.60 110.19 110.19 2.04 66.13 79.79 114.79 114.79 2.1386 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 10 98.48 79.61 103.71 103.71 1.92 61.78 77.94 112.96 112.96 2.10 66.13 78.71 116.23 116.23 2.1687 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 10 98.42 80.26 103.51 103.51 1.92 61.78 82.19 115.90 115.90 2.15 66.13 76.02 115.60 115.60 2.1588 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 10 98.02 78.92 102.84 102.84 1.91 61.78 86.04 117.73 117.73 2.18 66.14 79.15 112.73 112.73 2.0989 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 10 98.00 76.67 102.48 102.48 1.90 61.77 88.89 117.88 117.88 2.19 66.14 81.88 110.94 110.94 2.0690 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 10 98.01 76.58 101.86 101.86 1.89 61.77 90.42 116.06 116.06 2.15 66.14 83.10 113.79 113.79 2.1191 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 10 98.03 76.50 101.38 101.38 1.88 61.77 90.45 112.16 112.16 2.08 66.14 82.65 114.40 114.40 2.1292 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 10 98.04 76.42 101.94 101.94 1.89 61.78 88.94 107.93 107.93 2.00 66.14 80.53 112.54 112.54 2.0993 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 10 98.09 76.37 102.40 102.40 1.90 61.78 85.92 108.11 108.11 2.01 66.13 85.27 108.29 108.29 2.0194 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 10 98.16 76.32 102.82 102.82 1.91 61.79 81.53 111.06 111.06 2.06 66.13 88.25 106.93 106.93 1.9895 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 10 98.25 76.30 103.32 103.32 1.92 61.79 76.35 114.14 114.14 2.12 66.13 89.43 107.37 107.37 1.9996 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 10 98.33 76.28 103.59 103.59 1.92 61.79 77.15 115.76 115.76 2.15 66.13 88.71 109.49 109.49 2.0397 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 10 98.41 76.28 103.69 103.69 1.92 61.78 77.76 115.95 115.95 2.15 66.13 86.29 109.77 109.77 2.0498 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 10 98.48 76.29 103.88 103.88 1.93 61.78 77.93 114.93 114.93 2.13 66.14 82.37 108.40 108.40 2.0199 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 10 98.55 76.30 103.90 103.90 1.93 61.78 77.72 113.17 113.17 2.10 66.14 77.42 106.91 106.91 1.98100 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 10 98.59 76.31 103.83 103.83 1.93 61.78 77.33 111.48 111.48 2.07 66.14 76.03 106.90 106.90 1.98101 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 10 98.62 76.32 103.86 103.86 1.93 61.78 77.04 110.64 110.64 2.05 66.14 76.39 107.35 107.35 1.99102 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 10 98.63 76.32 103.84 103.84 1.93 61.78 76.99 110.54 110.54 2.05 66.14 76.31 107.51 107.51 2.00103 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 10 98.61 76.54 103.87 103.87 1.93 61.78 77.04 110.36 110.36 2.05 66.14 77.73 108.79 108.79 2.02104 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 10 98.57 76.84 103.90 103.90 1.93 61.69 76.97 109.84 109.84 2.04 66.03 79.42 111.91 111.91 2.08105 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 10 98.52 77.05 103.70 103.70 1.92 61.69 76.61 110.30 110.30 2.05 66.03 79.89 114.79 114.79 2.13106 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 100.04 87.68 84.33 100.04 1.86 107.74 67.20 91.45 107.74 2.00 113.46 64.89 89.27 113.46 2.11107 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 96.41 86.15 84.05 96.41 1.79 105.34 68.48 88.28 105.34 1.95 111.12 66.85 91.65 111.12 2.06108 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 92.37 83.75 83.63 92.37 1.71 101.51 68.77 88.58 101.51 1.88 107.36 69.47 91.89 107.36 1.99109 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 88.17 82.24 82.97 88.17 1.64 96.26 68.27 91.22 96.26 1.79 102.20 71.91 90.13 102.20 1.90110 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.99 80.51 82.87 82.99 1.54 81.02 70.37 93.84 93.84 1.74 89.11 81.04 86.36 89.11 1.65111 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 78.35 78.05 83.15 83.15 1.54 65.03 67.21 113.91 113.91 2.11 64.82 72.51 125.48 125.48 2.33112 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 77.19 79.70 83.58 83.58 1.55 66.49 62.81 105.18 105.18 1.95 65.00 66.91 117.94 117.94 2.19113 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 76.31 78.09 83.80 83.80 1.56 66.14 59.94 95.73 95.73 1.78 66.40 61.50 107.44 107.44 1.99114 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 75.04 77.67 83.95 83.95 1.56 64.36 57.45 93.36 93.36 1.73 68.36 59.15 105.69 105.69 1.96115 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 105.97 91.54 84.32 105.97 1.97 62.33 58.28 89.62 89.62 1.66 68.60 61.81 105.70 105.70 1.96116 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 108.03 92.12 84.59 108.03 2.00 108.08 64.02 85.66 108.08 2.01 113.52 64.96 103.54 113.52 2.11117 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 109.20 92.74 85.72 109.20 2.03 107.00 63.25 86.44 107.00 1.99 112.57 65.27 99.19 112.57 2.09

Simulation 4



(s)Type of

FaultFault Duration

(s)

NER Size




V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 4


118 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 109.96 93.35 87.04 109.96 2.04 106.06 62.65 87.37 106.06 1.97 111.64 65.25 93.89 111.64 2.07119 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 110.61 93.46 87.05 110.61 2.05 105.56 62.32 87.95 105.56 1.96 111.05 65.13 90.36 111.05 2.06120 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 110.58 93.38 84.91 110.58 2.05 105.63 62.34 89.18 105.63 1.96 111.10 65.15 89.36 111.10 2.06121 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 109.87 93.10 84.33 109.87 2.04 106.20 62.67 90.84 106.20 1.97 111.66 65.30 87.30 111.66 2.07122 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 109.06 92.35 84.52 109.06 2.02 107.14 63.28 91.32 107.14 1.99 112.59 65.29 86.76 112.59 2.09123 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 107.78 91.61 84.65 107.78 2.00 108.18 64.04 92.63 108.18 2.01 113.63 64.85 86.64 113.63 2.11124 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 105.61 90.88 84.68 105.61 1.96 108.88 64.69 94.02 108.88 2.02 114.43 64.20 86.33 114.43 2.12125 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 102.63 88.98 84.63 102.63 1.90 108.84 65.05 93.60 108.84 2.02 114.50 63.96 85.28 114.50 2.12126 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 100.03 87.67 84.36 100.03 1.86 107.72 67.19 91.48 107.72 2.00 113.47 64.77 89.29 113.47 2.11127 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 15 120.31 90.36 105.75 120.31 2.23 60.58 88.68 116.89 116.89 2.17 62.11 86.98 120.45 120.45 2.24128 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 15 120.21 90.27 105.39 120.21 2.23 60.58 92.61 120.19 120.19 2.23 62.11 86.27 121.47 121.47 2.25129 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 15 119.61 91.13 105.22 119.61 2.22 60.57 96.98 123.13 123.13 2.28 62.11 87.20 120.34 120.34 2.23130 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 15 119.56 91.02 104.83 119.56 2.22 60.57 100.73 124.73 124.73 2.31 62.11 91.13 116.96 116.96 2.17131 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 15 119.51 90.89 103.99 119.51 2.22 60.58 103.30 124.46 124.46 2.31 62.11 93.57 120.18 120.18 2.23132 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 15 119.50 90.76 103.56 119.50 2.22 60.58 104.36 122.09 122.09 2.27 62.11 94.29 122.59 122.59 2.27133 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 15 119.51 90.65 103.74 119.51 2.22 60.59 103.75 117.52 117.52 2.18 62.11 93.25 122.55 122.55 2.27134 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 15 119.55 90.56 103.95 119.55 2.22 60.59 101.44 112.24 112.24 2.08 62.11 94.11 119.89 119.89 2.22135 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 15 119.63 90.48 104.42 119.63 2.22 60.59 97.52 116.95 116.95 2.17 62.11 98.79 114.74 114.74 2.13136 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 15 119.72 90.42 104.78 119.72 2.22 60.59 92.17 120.41 120.41 2.23 62.11 101.41 109.21 109.21 2.03137 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 15 119.84 90.40 105.10 119.84 2.22 60.58 88.31 122.34 122.34 2.27 62.11 101.96 111.78 111.78 2.07138 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 15 119.97 90.39 105.46 119.97 2.23 60.58 88.72 122.70 122.70 2.28 62.11 100.46 112.67 112.67 2.09139 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 15 120.09 90.40 105.65 120.09 2.23 60.58 88.71 121.66 121.66 2.26 62.11 97.10 111.80 111.80 2.07140 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 15 120.22 90.42 105.71 120.22 2.23 60.57 88.32 119.60 119.60 2.22 62.11 92.19 109.64 109.64 2.03141 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 15 120.33 90.44 105.83 120.33 2.23 60.58 87.73 117.18 117.18 2.17 62.11 86.28 110.86 110.86 2.06142 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 15 120.40 90.47 105.86 120.40 2.23 60.58 87.44 115.34 115.34 2.14 62.11 86.07 112.89 112.89 2.09143 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 15 120.45 90.49 105.84 120.45 2.24 60.58 87.40 114.63 114.63 2.13 62.11 86.06 113.20 113.20 2.10144 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 15 120.46 90.49 105.86 120.46 2.24 60.58 87.42 114.54 114.54 2.13 62.11 86.02 113.05 113.05 2.10145 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 15 120.43 90.48 105.82 120.43 2.23 60.53 87.18 114.52 114.52 2.13 62.08 86.16 114.72 114.72 2.13146 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 15 120.37 90.44 105.84 120.37 2.23 60.53 87.03 114.89 114.89 2.13 62.08 86.39 117.84 117.84 2.19147 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 15 120.29 90.38 105.78 120.29 2.23 60.53 88.78 116.95 116.95 2.17 62.08 87.08 120.44 120.44 2.23148 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 103.05 99.49 85.27 103.05 1.91 110.67 67.24 93.48 110.67 2.05 116.81 65.84 93.38 116.81 2.17149 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 99.27 96.59 84.99 99.27 1.84 108.26 68.44 90.08 108.26 2.01 114.25 68.88 95.05 114.25 2.12150 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 95.98 94.74 84.58 95.98 1.78 76.98 71.01 90.55 90.55 1.68 110.17 71.59 94.61 110.17 2.04151 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 91.50 92.04 83.97 92.04 1.71 79.10 71.79 93.07 93.07 1.73 60.89 82.37 142.73 142.73 2.65152 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 86.91 89.19 84.13 89.19 1.66 69.84 71.03 126.14 126.14 2.34 62.12 75.34 140.39 140.39 2.61153 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 85.45 86.81 84.39 86.81 1.61 68.76 63.38 118.55 118.55 2.20 63.42 67.10 134.80 134.80 2.50154 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 86.14 88.53 84.81 88.53 1.64 66.24 60.06 109.48 109.48 2.03 64.61 61.73 126.13 126.13 2.34155 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.76 86.67 85.03 86.67 1.61 63.61 57.36 100.11 100.11 1.86 67.35 58.33 114.79 114.79 2.13156 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 83.57 85.92 85.16 85.92 1.59 62.06 56.73 94.06 94.06 1.75 68.60 59.08 108.38 108.38 2.01157 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 108.74 103.41 86.20 108.74 2.02 60.74 57.25 90.15 90.15 1.67 67.74 61.20 108.34 108.34 2.01158 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 110.66 104.20 87.38 110.66 2.05 60.85 59.93 88.10 88.10 1.63 65.81 62.66 106.09 106.09 1.97159 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 111.78 105.06 88.60 111.78 2.07 108.70 66.43 88.99 108.70 2.02 115.85 61.41 101.56 115.85 2.15160 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 112.49 105.21 90.83 112.49 2.09 107.63 65.84 89.73 107.63 2.00 114.75 61.37 95.43 114.75 2.13161 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 113.03 105.25 90.83 113.03 2.10 107.16 65.50 90.33 107.16 1.99 114.07 61.38 92.16 114.07 2.12162 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 113.00 105.13 88.58 113.00 2.10 107.25 65.52 92.63 107.25 1.99 114.12 61.38 90.85 114.12 2.12163 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 112.40 104.90 85.20 112.40 2.09 107.86 65.89 93.93 107.86 2.00 114.75 61.34 88.33 114.75 2.13164 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 111.62 104.53 85.38 111.62 2.07 108.97 66.47 93.95 108.97 2.02 115.83 61.38 88.16 115.83 2.15165 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 110.38 103.47 85.53 110.38 2.05 110.32 67.01 96.15 110.32 2.05 117.03 61.70 87.48 117.03 2.17166 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 108.33 102.56 85.59 108.33 2.01 111.37 67.20 97.06 111.37 2.07 117.90 62.45 85.97 117.90 2.19167 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 105.46 100.99 85.59 105.46 1.96 111.60 66.76 96.12 111.60 2.07 117.95 63.62 89.49 117.95 2.19168 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 103.05 99.48 85.30 103.05 1.91 110.64 67.18 93.52 110.64 2.05 116.81 65.72 93.37 116.81 2.17169 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 20 139.41 103.16 106.02 139.41 2.59 60.71 97.23 120.66 120.66 2.24 59.98 91.82 123.35 123.35 2.29170 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 20 139.25 103.01 105.75 139.25 2.58 60.71 101.67 124.25 124.25 2.31 59.98 91.33 124.03 124.03 2.30171 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 20 138.60 104.12 105.28 138.60 2.57 60.71 106.20 127.20 127.20 2.36 59.98 94.61 122.63 122.63 2.28172 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 20 138.51 103.96 104.96 138.51 2.57 60.71 109.89 128.66 128.66 2.39 59.98 98.36 121.81 121.81 2.26173 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 20 138.44 103.78 104.68 138.44 2.57 60.71 112.23 128.15 128.15 2.38 59.98 100.47 126.14 126.14 2.34174 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 20 138.41 103.61 104.78 138.41 2.57 60.72 112.91 125.44 125.44 2.33 59.98 100.76 128.22 128.22 2.38175 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 20 138.42 103.46 104.92 138.42 2.57 60.72 111.81 120.48 120.48 2.24 59.97 99.22 127.74 127.74 2.37176 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 20 138.45 103.33 105.08 138.45 2.57 60.72 108.92 118.00 118.00 2.19 59.97 104.83 124.62 124.62 2.31177 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 20 138.54 103.24 105.24 138.54 2.57 60.72 104.35 122.43 122.43 2.27 59.97 109.17 118.91 118.91 2.21178 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 20 138.67 103.18 105.40 138.67 2.57 60.71 98.37 125.30 125.30 2.33 59.98 111.26 110.93 111.26 2.06179 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 20 138.80 103.15 105.55 138.80 2.58 60.71 95.15 126.51 126.51 2.35 59.98 111.08 113.03 113.03 2.10180 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 20 138.97 103.15 105.68 138.97 2.58 60.70 95.04 126.10 126.10 2.34 59.98 108.76 113.24 113.24 2.10181 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 20 139.15 103.18 105.92 139.15 2.58 60.70 94.48 124.35 124.35 2.31 59.98 104.49 111.85 111.85 2.08182 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 20 139.31 103.23 106.02 139.31 2.59 60.70 93.61 121.73 121.73 2.26 59.98 98.61 113.06 113.06 2.10183 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 20 139.45 103.28 106.10 139.45 2.59 60.71 93.42 119.07 119.07 2.21 59.98 91.80 115.97 115.97 2.15184 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 20 139.55 103.33 106.19 139.55 2.59 60.71 93.43 117.31 117.31 2.18 59.98 91.28 116.89 116.89 2.17185 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 20 139.61 103.36 106.19 139.61 2.59 60.71 93.64 116.70 116.70 2.17 60.14 91.19 116.39 116.39 2.16186 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 20 139.62 103.37 106.20 139.62 2.59 60.71 93.69 116.62 116.62 2.16 60.14 91.15 116.05 116.05 2.15187 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 20 139.58 103.34 106.18 139.58 2.59 60.71 93.59 116.79 116.79 2.17 60.14 91.17 117.88 117.88 2.19188 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 20 139.50 103.28 106.09 139.50 2.59 60.71 94.35 117.89 117.89 2.19 60.14 91.12 120.95 120.95 2.24189 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 20 139.39 103.17 106.04 139.39 2.59 60.71 97.31 120.70 120.70 2.24 60.14 91.92 123.33 123.33 2.29190 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 104.27 108.78 85.63 108.78 2.02 112.61 68.36 94.41 112.61 2.09 119.32 69.71 95.66 119.32 2.21191 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 100.91 106.40 85.30 106.40 1.97 76.26 68.66 90.91 90.91 1.69 116.60 69.73 96.90 116.60 2.16192 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 97.72 102.58 84.90 102.58 1.90 76.57 71.00 91.49 91.49 1.70 64.15 93.99 149.32 149.32 2.77193 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 94.68 99.86 84.32 99.86 1.85 70.92 83.66 134.63 134.63 2.50 66.55 88.47 149.59 149.59 2.78194 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 91.68 97.91 84.68 97.91 1.82 70.29 76.38 128.72 128.72 2.39 68.88 81.07 146.54 146.54 2.72195 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 91.99 95.57 84.91 95.57 1.77 68.38 67.34 120.87 120.87 2.24 70.44 71.93 140.29 140.29 2.60196 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 94.85 96.47 85.31 96.47 1.79 65.67 57.91 111.74 111.74 2.07 70.65 61.23 131.04 131.04 2.43197 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 93.09 94.38 85.53 94.38 1.75 62.80 56.99 102.56 102.56 1.90 69.09 57.13 119.21 119.21 2.21198 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 91.66 93.40 85.67 93.40 1.73 62.39 58.17 95.18 95.18 1.77 67.65 58.18 109.68 109.68 2.04199 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 109.78 114.30 86.93 114.30 2.12 62.19 58.43 90.21 90.21 1.67 66.57 59.18 109.60 109.60 2.03200 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 111.62 115.43 88.69 115.43 2.14 61.99 58.94 89.42 89.42 1.66 64.95 60.44 107.27 107.27 1.99201 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 112.76 116.17 91.07 116.17 2.16 109.72 66.66 90.34 109.72 2.04 118.20 64.07 102.64 118.20 2.19202 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 113.45 116.85 93.33 116.85 2.17 108.60 66.12 90.95 108.60 2.02 116.92 63.35 96.71 116.92 2.17203 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 113.99 117.02 93.30 117.02 2.17 108.19 65.79 92.24 108.19 2.01 116.16 63.14 93.77 116.16 2.16204 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 113.96 116.88 90.97 116.88 2.17 108.30 65.81 94.47 108.30 2.01 116.23 63.17 92.02 116.23 2.16205 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 113.35 116.44 86.40 116.44 2.16 108.88 66.17 95.58 108.88 2.02 116.96 63.54 89.63 116.96 2.17206 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 112.59 115.48 85.65 115.48 2.14 110.09 66.70 95.41 110.09 2.04 118.19 64.38 88.93 118.19 2.19207 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 111.33 114.54 85.80 114.54 2.13 111.66 67.10 97.91 111.66 2.07 119.54 65.69 87.77 119.54 2.22208 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 109.36 113.16 85.89 113.16 2.10 112.96 67.06 98.54 112.96 2.10 120.48 67.28 86.71 120.48 2.24209 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 106.81 111.12 85.89 111.12 2.06 113.42 66.41 97.32 113.42 2.10 120.53 68.73 92.21 120.53 2.24210 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 104.26 108.76 85.65 108.76 2.02 112.58 68.28 94.46 112.58 2.09 119.32 69.68 95.66 119.32 2.21211 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 25 156.41 115.73 106.25 156.41 2.90 60.06 102.87 123.04 123.04 2.28 59.99 95.26 124.99 124.99 2.32212 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 25 156.24 115.55 105.99 156.24 2.90 60.06 107.65 126.80 126.80 2.35 59.99 95.33 125.50 125.50 2.33213 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 25 155.54 116.77 105.67 155.54 2.89 60.06 112.28 129.76 129.76 2.41 59.99 99.35 123.90 123.90 2.30214 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 25 155.40 116.57 105.29 155.40 2.88 60.06 115.92 131.13 131.13 2.43 59.99 102.91 125.98 125.98 2.34215 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 25 155.33 116.37 105.28 155.33 2.88 60.07 118.09 130.46 130.46 2.42 59.99 104.76 130.19 130.19 2.42216 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 25 155.29 116.18 105.35 155.29 2.88 60.07 118.50 127.53 127.53 2.37 59.99 104.73 132.12 132.12 2.45217 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 25 155.25 116.00 105.45 155.25 2.88 60.07 117.03 122.30 122.30 2.27 59.99 106.75 131.41 131.41 2.44218 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 25 155.31 115.86 105.58 155.31 2.88 60.07 113.71 121.54 121.54 2.26 59.99 112.97 127.94 127.94 2.37219 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 25 155.41 115.76 105.72 155.41 2.88 60.06 108.69 125.69 125.69 2.33 59.99 116.99 121.82 121.82 2.26220 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 25 155.53 115.70 105.87 155.53 2.89 60.06 102.30 128.15 128.15 2.38 60.00 118.62 113.15 118.62 2.20221 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 25 155.72 115.67 106.01 155.72 2.89 60.05 99.66 128.87 128.87 2.39 60.00 117.84 113.12 117.84 2.19222 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 25 155.92 115.69 106.14 155.92 2.89 60.05 99.09 127.97 127.97 2.37 59.99 114.84 112.96 114.84 2.13223 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 25 156.09 115.74 106.26 156.09 2.90 60.05 98.04 125.77 125.77 2.33 59.99 109.79 113.05 113.05 2.10224 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 25 156.29 115.80 106.37 156.29 2.90 60.05 96.84 122.86 122.86 2.28 59.99 103.11 117.26 117.26 2.18225 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 25 156.46 115.87 106.46 156.46 2.90 60.05 96.92 120.13 120.13 2.23 59.99 95.59 119.31 119.31 2.21226 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 25 156.59 115.93 106.53 156.59 2.91 60.09 97.29 118.50 118.50 2.20 59.99 94.45 119.43 119.43 2.22227 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 25 156.66 115.98 106.58 156.66 2.91 60.09 97.65 117.95 117.95 2.19 60.05 94.27 118.33 118.33 2.20228 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 25 156.68 115.98 106.59 156.68 2.91 60.09 97.71 117.87 117.87 2.19 60.05 94.23 117.86 117.86 2.19229 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 25 156.63 115.95 106.55 156.63 2.91 60.09 97.82 118.21 118.21 2.19 60.05 94.22 119.78 119.78 2.22230 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 25 156.53 115.87 106.45 156.53 2.90 60.09 99.30 119.81 119.81 2.22 60.05 94.11 122.78 122.78 2.28231 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 25 156.39 115.74 106.27 156.39 2.90 60.09 102.95 123.06 123.06 2.28 60.05 95.36 124.96 124.96 2.32232 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 104.83 116.71 85.79 116.71 2.17 113.95 70.06 94.91 113.95 2.11 121.20 72.87 97.09 121.20 2.25233 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 102.76 114.00 85.44 114.00 2.12 76.07 68.78 91.38 91.38 1.70 65.69 102.35 151.09 151.09 2.80234 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 101.81 111.05 85.03 111.05 2.06 70.06 92.98 140.23 140.23 2.60 69.04 98.47 154.21 154.21 2.86


(s)Type of

FaultFault Duration

(s)

NER Size




V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 4


235 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 103.68 107.69 84.47 107.69 2.00 70.25 87.46 136.32 136.32 2.53 72.17 92.68 154.03 154.03 2.86236 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 101.40 104.53 84.97 104.53 1.94 69.24 80.00 130.24 130.24 2.42 74.39 85.02 150.53 150.53 2.79237 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 99.94 102.31 85.17 102.31 1.90 67.28 70.76 123.96 123.96 2.30 75.24 75.62 143.87 143.87 2.67238 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 102.92 103.20 85.56 103.20 1.92 64.96 60.01 115.32 115.32 2.14 74.35 64.66 134.25 134.25 2.49239 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 100.82 100.79 85.79 100.82 1.87 64.96 58.07 104.76 104.76 1.94 71.61 59.41 122.14 122.14 2.27240 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 99.13 99.69 85.90 99.69 1.85 64.66 59.14 96.86 96.86 1.80 67.43 59.65 110.42 110.42 2.05241 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 110.24 123.13 87.26 123.13 2.28 64.28 59.35 91.63 91.63 1.70 65.50 59.62 110.36 110.36 2.05242 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 112.04 125.04 89.34 125.04 2.32 63.64 58.68 90.25 90.25 1.67 64.14 59.97 107.91 107.91 2.00243 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 113.18 125.78 92.71 125.78 2.33 62.07 59.47 91.17 91.17 1.69 63.33 59.59 103.24 103.24 1.92244 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 113.88 126.36 94.99 126.36 2.34 109.23 65.59 91.71 109.23 2.03 118.45 66.03 97.79 118.45 2.20245 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 114.42 126.66 94.92 126.66 2.35 108.89 65.26 93.42 108.89 2.02 117.62 65.56 95.10 117.62 2.18246 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 114.39 126.50 92.52 126.50 2.35 109.02 65.28 95.61 109.02 2.02 117.69 65.60 93.04 117.69 2.18247 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 113.78 125.87 87.85 125.87 2.34 109.58 65.64 96.60 109.58 2.03 118.53 66.24 90.66 118.53 2.20248 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 113.01 124.99 85.75 124.99 2.32 110.83 66.14 96.57 110.83 2.06 119.91 67.46 89.55 119.91 2.23249 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 111.74 123.96 85.90 123.96 2.30 112.55 66.48 98.93 112.55 2.09 121.39 69.11 88.64 121.39 2.25250 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 109.82 121.78 86.02 121.78 2.26 114.05 66.38 99.40 114.05 2.12 122.40 70.86 88.68 122.40 2.27251 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 107.39 120.04 86.01 120.04 2.23 114.66 67.95 97.99 114.66 2.13 122.46 72.26 93.91 122.46 2.27252 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 104.82 116.70 85.81 116.70 2.17 113.93 69.98 94.96 113.93 2.11 121.20 72.85 97.09 121.20 2.25253 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 30 171.65 126.84 106.48 171.65 3.19 59.19 106.83 124.66 124.66 2.31 61.06 97.84 126.05 126.05 2.34254 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 30 171.42 126.63 106.22 171.42 3.18 59.19 111.83 128.53 128.53 2.39 61.06 98.90 126.41 126.41 2.35255 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 30 170.71 127.93 105.89 170.71 3.17 59.20 116.53 131.51 131.51 2.44 61.06 102.53 124.75 124.75 2.32256 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 30 170.58 127.70 105.60 170.58 3.17 59.20 120.13 132.82 132.82 2.46 61.06 105.93 128.96 128.96 2.39257 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 30 170.48 127.48 105.60 170.48 3.16 59.20 122.16 132.03 132.03 2.45 61.05 107.58 133.15 133.15 2.47258 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 30 170.39 127.26 105.64 170.39 3.16 59.20 122.36 128.95 128.95 2.39 61.05 107.36 134.94 134.94 2.50259 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 30 170.38 127.07 105.72 170.38 3.16 59.20 120.62 123.52 123.52 2.29 61.06 113.12 134.07 134.07 2.49260 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 30 170.43 126.92 105.83 170.43 3.16 59.19 116.99 123.85 123.85 2.30 61.06 119.24 130.41 130.41 2.42261 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 30 170.51 126.81 105.95 170.51 3.16 59.19 111.64 127.78 127.78 2.37 61.06 123.00 123.96 123.96 2.30262 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 30 170.68 126.75 106.08 170.68 3.17 59.18 104.98 129.94 129.94 2.41 61.06 124.25 114.95 124.25 2.31263 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 30 170.86 126.74 106.22 170.86 3.17 59.17 102.98 130.32 130.32 2.42 61.06 122.99 114.19 122.99 2.28264 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 30 171.07 126.76 106.35 171.07 3.17 59.17 102.00 129.08 129.08 2.40 61.06 119.43 113.02 119.43 2.22265 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 30 171.31 126.83 106.48 171.31 3.18 59.17 100.55 126.59 126.59 2.35 61.06 113.75 116.68 116.68 2.17266 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 30 171.54 126.91 106.59 171.54 3.18 59.17 98.94 123.51 123.51 2.29 61.06 106.42 120.28 120.28 2.23267 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 30 171.73 126.99 106.69 171.73 3.19 59.17 99.33 120.81 120.81 2.24 61.06 98.32 121.65 121.65 2.26268 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 30 171.88 127.07 106.78 171.88 3.19 59.25 100.02 119.31 119.31 2.21 61.12 96.58 121.16 121.16 2.25269 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 30 171.96 127.12 106.83 171.96 3.19 59.25 100.46 118.79 118.79 2.20 61.12 96.37 119.63 119.63 2.22270 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 30 171.98 127.13 106.84 171.98 3.19 59.25 100.51 118.69 118.69 2.20 61.12 96.34 119.07 119.07 2.21271 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 30 171.93 127.09 106.79 171.93 3.19 59.25 100.82 119.18 119.18 2.21 61.12 96.31 121.02 121.02 2.25272 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 30 171.81 127.00 106.68 171.81 3.19 59.25 102.81 121.13 121.13 2.25 61.12 96.37 123.95 123.95 2.30273 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 30 171.63 126.84 106.50 171.63 3.18 59.25 106.90 124.67 124.67 2.31 61.12 97.94 126.02 126.02 2.34274 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 111.00 124.35 85.86 124.35 2.31 74.62 67.79 95.22 95.22 1.77 87.76 76.94 98.04 98.04 1.82275 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 112.39 120.34 85.50 120.34 2.23 70.37 99.35 143.20 143.20 2.66 69.65 105.82 154.77 154.77 2.87276 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 108.60 117.79 85.10 117.79 2.19 69.20 95.80 141.47 141.47 2.63 73.63 101.74 157.59 157.59 2.92277 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 110.68 114.78 84.57 114.78 2.13 69.16 90.18 140.12 140.12 2.60 76.77 95.75 157.12 157.12 2.92278 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 110.91 111.24 85.14 111.24 2.06 68.10 82.59 136.07 136.07 2.53 78.54 87.89 153.33 153.33 2.85279 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 107.72 108.09 85.34 108.09 2.01 67.32 73.22 129.14 129.14 2.40 78.64 78.30 146.39 146.39 2.72280 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 110.40 108.84 85.72 110.40 2.05 67.76 62.33 119.78 119.78 2.22 76.88 67.17 136.54 136.54 2.53281 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 107.95 106.19 85.95 107.95 2.00 67.61 58.80 108.67 108.67 2.02 73.47 61.03 126.58 126.58 2.35282 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 106.03 104.99 86.03 106.03 1.97 67.14 59.81 98.03 98.03 1.82 68.99 61.05 113.47 113.47 2.11283 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 111.39 131.25 87.44 131.25 2.44 66.45 59.97 92.67 92.67 1.72 65.14 60.16 110.79 110.79 2.06284 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 112.33 133.13 89.69 133.13 2.47 65.36 59.30 90.82 90.82 1.69 63.47 60.21 108.32 108.32 2.01285 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 113.38 134.30 93.81 134.30 2.49 63.48 59.10 91.75 91.75 1.70 62.71 59.89 103.62 103.62 1.92286 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 114.10 134.78 96.09 134.78 2.50 109.66 64.90 92.22 109.66 2.03 119.56 68.40 98.66 119.56 2.22287 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 114.65 135.02 96.00 135.02 2.51 109.39 64.56 94.23 109.39 2.03 118.67 67.69 96.19 118.67 2.20288 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 114.62 134.82 93.54 134.82 2.50 109.54 64.58 96.38 109.54 2.03 118.75 67.75 93.94 118.75 2.20289 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 113.99 134.21 88.79 134.21 2.49 110.06 64.94 97.29 110.06 2.04 119.68 68.58 91.54 119.68 2.22290 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 113.20 133.41 85.80 133.41 2.48 111.34 65.45 97.33 111.34 2.07 121.18 70.06 90.12 121.18 2.25291 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 112.02 131.86 85.95 131.86 2.45 113.17 65.77 99.59 113.17 2.10 122.78 71.95 89.36 122.78 2.28292 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 110.84 129.74 86.07 129.74 2.41 114.82 67.19 99.94 114.82 2.13 123.86 73.79 90.07 123.86 2.30293 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 111.47 127.37 86.07 127.37 2.36 115.57 69.79 98.42 115.57 2.14 123.93 75.07 95.10 123.93 2.30294 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 111.04 124.35 85.89 124.35 2.31 74.61 67.84 95.28 95.28 1.77 122.63 75.35 98.04 122.63 2.28295 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 35 185.35 136.65 106.59 185.35 3.44 58.51 109.74 125.82 125.82 2.33 62.02 99.83 126.74 126.74 2.35296 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 35 185.12 136.42 106.32 185.12 3.44 58.51 114.90 129.79 129.79 2.41 62.02 101.80 127.02 127.02 2.36297 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 35 184.41 137.78 105.99 184.41 3.42 58.50 119.65 132.77 132.77 2.46 62.02 104.80 125.29 125.29 2.33298 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 35 184.24 137.53 105.81 184.24 3.42 58.49 123.20 134.03 134.03 2.49 62.01 108.08 131.27 131.27 2.44299 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 35 184.09 137.28 105.79 184.09 3.42 58.49 125.13 133.16 133.16 2.47 62.01 109.55 135.42 135.42 2.51300 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 35 184.02 137.05 105.81 184.02 3.41 58.48 125.15 129.95 129.95 2.41 62.01 109.91 137.11 137.11 2.54301 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 35 183.97 136.85 105.86 183.97 3.41 58.48 123.21 124.39 124.39 2.31 62.02 118.17 136.12 136.12 2.53302 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 35 184.02 136.69 105.95 184.02 3.41 58.48 119.34 125.45 125.45 2.33 62.02 124.19 132.26 132.26 2.45303 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 35 184.12 136.57 106.06 184.12 3.42 58.48 113.75 129.21 129.21 2.40 62.02 127.68 125.57 127.68 2.37304 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 35 184.27 136.51 107.02 184.27 3.42 58.50 106.90 131.14 131.14 2.43 62.02 128.66 116.33 128.66 2.39305 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 35 184.49 136.51 106.31 184.49 3.42 58.51 105.58 131.26 131.26 2.44 62.01 127.04 115.35 127.04 2.36306 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 35 184.72 136.55 106.44 184.72 3.43 58.52 104.25 129.77 129.77 2.41 62.01 122.99 114.03 122.99 2.28307 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 35 184.97 136.62 106.57 184.97 3.43 58.53 102.45 127.09 127.09 2.36 62.02 116.80 119.45 119.45 2.22308 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 35 185.23 136.72 106.70 185.23 3.44 58.54 100.54 123.92 123.92 2.30 62.02 108.95 122.54 122.54 2.27309 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 35 185.44 136.82 106.80 185.44 3.44 58.56 101.16 121.28 121.28 2.25 62.08 100.35 123.39 123.39 2.29310 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 35 185.60 136.91 106.89 185.60 3.44 58.56 102.07 119.89 119.89 2.22 62.08 98.18 122.40 122.40 2.27311 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 35 185.70 136.97 106.95 185.70 3.45 58.56 102.52 119.38 119.38 2.22 62.08 97.94 120.54 120.54 2.24312 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 35 185.72 136.98 106.96 185.72 3.45 58.56 102.56 119.27 119.27 2.21 62.08 97.91 119.91 119.91 2.23313 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 35 185.66 136.94 106.91 185.66 3.45 58.55 103.05 119.88 119.88 2.22 62.08 97.89 121.88 121.88 2.26314 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 35 185.53 136.83 106.80 185.53 3.44 58.55 105.42 122.08 122.08 2.27 62.08 98.25 124.74 124.74 2.31315 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 35 185.33 136.65 106.61 185.33 3.44 58.55 109.80 125.83 125.83 2.33 62.08 99.93 126.70 126.70 2.35316 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 117.58 130.95 85.90 130.95 2.43 74.73 67.11 95.42 95.42 1.77 88.65 77.13 98.74 98.74 1.83317 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 119.78 126.88 85.54 126.88 2.35 71.84 101.53 145.73 145.73 2.70 73.69 108.46 157.47 157.47 2.92318 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 117.28 123.44 85.13 123.44 2.29 69.59 97.92 147.17 147.17 2.73 77.80 104.23 160.07 160.07 2.97319 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 116.79 120.69 84.65 120.69 2.24 68.12 92.22 145.43 145.43 2.70 80.68 98.09 159.41 159.41 2.96320 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 117.26 117.26 85.26 117.26 2.18 69.28 84.54 140.62 140.62 2.61 81.96 90.08 155.42 155.42 2.88321 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 116.17 114.04 85.44 116.17 2.16 70.36 75.06 133.29 133.29 2.47 81.41 80.33 148.27 148.27 2.75322 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 117.25 113.66 85.82 117.25 2.18 70.61 64.06 123.57 123.57 2.29 79.07 69.05 140.78 140.78 2.61323 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 114.49 111.07 86.06 114.49 2.12 70.27 59.34 112.07 112.07 2.08 75.29 62.22 129.69 129.69 2.41324 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 112.40 109.51 86.10 112.40 2.09 69.55 60.30 99.52 99.52 1.85 70.64 62.08 116.23 116.23 2.16325 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 119.10 138.52 87.54 138.52 2.57 68.52 60.42 93.45 93.45 1.73 67.31 61.08 111.10 111.10 2.06326 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 120.51 140.18 89.96 140.18 2.60 67.02 59.74 91.23 91.23 1.69 64.38 60.36 108.60 108.60 2.02327 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 119.02 141.72 94.55 141.72 2.63 64.82 58.89 92.17 92.17 1.71 62.20 60.07 103.85 103.85 1.93328 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 119.12 142.30 96.82 142.30 2.64 109.96 64.20 92.60 109.96 2.04 120.39 70.67 99.39 120.39 2.23329 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 119.43 142.46 96.70 142.46 2.64 109.75 63.86 94.81 109.75 2.04 119.45 69.78 97.10 119.45 2.22330 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 119.33 142.26 94.20 142.26 2.64 109.92 63.88 96.94 109.92 2.04 119.55 69.85 94.71 119.55 2.22331 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 118.89 141.70 89.39 141.70 2.63 110.42 64.26 97.78 110.42 2.05 120.54 70.82 92.30 120.54 2.24332 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 118.75 140.70 85.82 140.70 2.61 111.72 64.78 97.86 111.72 2.07 122.16 72.50 90.64 122.16 2.27333 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 120.07 138.78 85.97 138.78 2.58 113.64 66.05 100.05 113.64 2.11 123.85 74.56 89.98 123.85 2.30334 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 118.45 136.85 86.10 136.85 2.54 115.40 69.04 100.32 115.40 2.14 125.00 76.43 91.06 125.00 2.32335 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 120.19 133.72 86.10 133.72 2.48 116.24 71.71 98.70 116.24 2.16 125.08 77.58 95.96 125.08 2.32336 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 117.62 130.94 85.93 130.94 2.43 74.72 67.16 95.48 95.48 1.77 68.90 110.86 151.65 151.65 2.81337 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 40 197.68 146.10 106.64 197.68 3.67 60.22 111.96 126.70 126.70 2.35 62.98 101.41 127.25 127.25 2.36338 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 40 197.41 145.81 106.37 197.41 3.66 60.21 117.24 130.73 130.73 2.43 62.97 104.23 127.44 127.44 2.36339 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 40 196.74 147.28 106.03 196.74 3.65 60.20 122.01 133.72 133.72 2.48 62.97 106.96 127.02 127.02 2.36340 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 40 196.53 146.99 105.93 196.53 3.65 60.19 125.54 134.95 134.95 2.50 62.97 109.59 133.10 133.10 2.47341 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 40 196.39 146.70 105.90 196.39 3.64 60.18 127.37 134.00 134.00 2.49 62.97 110.95 137.20 137.20 2.55342 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 40 196.29 146.43 105.90 196.29 3.64 60.17 127.26 130.71 130.71 2.43 62.97 113.96 138.84 138.84 2.58343 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 40 196.23 146.20 105.94 196.23 3.64 60.17 125.15 125.04 125.15 2.32 62.97 122.16 137.66 137.66 2.55344 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 40 196.28 146.02 106.02 196.28 3.64 60.18 121.09 126.61 126.61 2.35 62.97 128.14 133.69 133.69 2.48345 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 40 196.36 145.89 107.83 196.36 3.64 60.19 115.32 130.23 130.23 2.42 62.97 131.52 126.88 131.52 2.44346 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 40 196.55 145.84 108.94 196.55 3.65 60.21 108.55 131.97 131.97 2.45 62.97 132.17 117.35 132.17 2.45347 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 40 196.76 145.84 107.37 196.76 3.65 60.23 107.69 131.91 131.91 2.45 62.97 130.25 116.46 130.25 2.42348 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 40 197.02 145.91 106.48 197.02 3.66 60.25 106.07 130.24 130.24 2.42 62.97 125.80 116.53 125.80 2.33349 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 40 197.31 146.01 106.61 197.31 3.66 60.27 103.97 127.41 127.41 2.36 62.97 119.21 121.59 121.59 2.26350 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 40 197.58 146.14 106.74 197.58 3.67 60.26 101.81 124.19 124.19 2.30 62.97 110.93 124.29 124.29 2.31351 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 40 197.81 146.27 106.86 197.81 3.67 60.26 102.62 121.63 121.63 2.26 63.03 101.94 124.72 124.72 2.31


(s)Type of

FaultFault Duration

(s)

NER Size




V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 4


352 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 40 197.98 146.38 106.95 197.98 3.67 60.26 103.67 120.34 120.34 2.23 63.03 99.48 123.34 123.34 2.29353 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 40 198.08 146.45 107.01 198.08 3.68 60.26 104.11 119.82 119.82 2.22 63.03 99.20 121.20 121.20 2.25354 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 40 198.10 146.47 107.02 198.10 3.68 60.26 104.12 119.69 119.69 2.22 63.03 99.16 120.52 120.52 2.24355 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 40 198.04 146.41 106.97 198.04 3.67 60.25 104.76 120.40 120.40 2.23 63.03 99.15 122.50 122.50 2.27356 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 40 197.89 146.28 106.85 197.89 3.67 60.25 107.41 122.80 122.80 2.28 63.03 99.74 125.32 125.32 2.33357 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 40 197.66 146.07 106.65 197.66 3.67 60.25 112.02 126.70 126.70 2.35 63.03 101.51 127.21 127.21 2.36358 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 124.08 136.63 85.92 136.63 2.54 74.69 104.76 146.68 146.68 2.72 72.59 113.02 153.91 153.91 2.86359 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 126.09 132.74 85.56 132.74 2.46 73.53 103.22 150.73 150.73 2.80 77.58 110.54 159.53 159.53 2.96360 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 125.01 128.63 85.15 128.63 2.39 71.20 99.55 151.56 151.56 2.81 81.61 106.19 161.97 161.97 3.01361 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.35 125.66 84.70 125.66 2.33 70.50 93.79 149.49 149.49 2.77 84.19 99.93 161.15 161.15 2.99362 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 122.90 122.46 85.34 122.90 2.28 72.40 86.04 144.43 144.43 2.68 85.01 91.80 157.00 157.00 2.91363 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.76 119.42 85.52 123.76 2.30 73.29 76.50 136.66 136.66 2.54 83.98 81.93 152.44 152.44 2.83364 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 123.52 118.00 85.89 123.52 2.29 73.35 65.41 126.64 126.64 2.35 81.24 70.52 143.66 143.66 2.67365 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 120.47 115.65 86.13 120.47 2.24 72.79 59.74 114.81 114.81 2.13 77.21 63.20 132.06 132.06 2.45366 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 118.25 113.97 86.14 118.25 2.19 71.80 60.66 101.97 101.97 1.89 72.42 62.95 118.35 118.35 2.20367 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 125.96 144.88 87.62 144.88 2.69 70.42 60.76 94.06 94.06 1.75 69.36 61.86 111.34 111.34 2.07368 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 127.79 146.51 90.45 146.51 2.72 68.55 60.07 91.55 91.55 1.70 65.98 60.46 108.79 108.79 2.02369 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 127.03 148.21 95.04 148.21 2.75 66.07 58.87 92.48 92.48 1.72 62.43 60.20 103.99 103.99 1.93370 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 126.52 148.98 97.29 148.98 2.76 110.19 63.63 92.88 110.19 2.04 121.05 72.91 99.97 121.05 2.25371 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 126.79 149.16 97.15 149.16 2.77 110.03 63.92 95.25 110.03 2.04 120.06 71.86 97.88 120.06 2.23372 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 126.70 148.94 94.62 148.94 2.76 110.22 63.96 97.36 110.22 2.05 120.16 71.94 95.36 120.16 2.23373 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 126.26 148.32 89.76 148.32 2.75 110.70 63.74 98.16 110.70 2.05 121.22 73.03 92.96 121.22 2.25374 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 126.77 147.10 85.84 147.10 2.73 112.00 64.72 98.25 112.00 2.08 122.93 74.88 91.11 122.93 2.28375 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 127.22 145.01 85.98 145.01 2.69 114.00 67.80 100.39 114.00 2.12 124.71 77.05 90.53 124.71 2.31376 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 125.29 143.04 86.11 143.04 2.65 115.84 70.88 100.59 115.84 2.15 125.90 78.93 91.81 125.90 2.34377 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 127.25 139.54 86.11 139.54 2.59 72.50 66.21 98.91 98.91 1.84 85.30 72.94 96.60 96.60 1.79378 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 124.12 136.63 85.95 136.63 2.54 74.73 104.77 146.76 146.76 2.72 72.52 113.04 153.85 153.85 2.85379 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 45 208.83 154.65 112.31 208.83 3.88 61.88 113.71 127.39 127.39 2.36 63.96 102.81 127.62 127.62 2.37380 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 45 208.54 154.34 112.07 208.54 3.87 61.87 119.07 131.47 131.47 2.44 63.96 106.32 127.72 127.72 2.37381 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 45 207.87 155.85 110.33 207.87 3.86 61.85 123.87 134.46 134.46 2.50 63.96 109.14 128.42 128.42 2.38382 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 45 207.65 155.55 110.18 207.65 3.85 61.83 127.36 135.66 135.66 2.52 63.96 110.74 134.51 134.51 2.50383 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 45 207.48 155.24 110.09 207.48 3.85 61.82 129.12 134.66 134.66 2.50 63.96 111.98 138.68 138.68 2.57384 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 45 207.37 154.95 110.08 207.37 3.85 61.81 128.90 131.30 131.30 2.44 63.96 117.31 140.30 140.30 2.60385 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 45 207.31 154.71 110.13 207.31 3.85 61.81 126.65 125.54 126.65 2.35 63.95 125.53 139.04 139.04 2.58386 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 45 207.34 154.52 110.27 207.34 3.85 61.82 122.45 127.48 127.48 2.37 63.95 131.40 134.91 134.91 2.50387 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 45 207.44 154.40 110.49 207.44 3.85 61.84 116.54 130.98 130.98 2.43 63.95 134.62 127.91 134.62 2.50388 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 45 207.63 154.34 110.77 207.63 3.85 61.87 110.51 132.58 132.58 2.46 63.95 135.07 118.26 135.07 2.51389 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 45 207.85 154.36 111.10 207.85 3.86 61.91 109.45 132.36 132.36 2.46 63.96 132.85 117.51 132.85 2.47390 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 45 208.13 154.43 111.45 208.13 3.86 61.94 107.59 130.55 130.55 2.42 63.96 128.11 118.58 128.11 2.38391 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 45 208.44 154.55 111.81 208.44 3.87 61.96 105.23 127.62 127.62 2.37 63.96 121.17 123.34 123.34 2.29392 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 45 208.72 154.69 112.12 208.72 3.87 61.91 102.84 124.38 124.38 2.31 64.01 112.54 125.68 125.68 2.33393 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 45 208.97 154.84 112.39 208.97 3.88 61.91 103.82 121.90 121.90 2.26 64.01 103.25 125.76 125.76 2.33394 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 45 209.15 154.96 112.59 209.15 3.88 61.90 104.96 120.68 120.68 2.24 64.01 100.58 124.06 124.06 2.30395 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 45 209.26 155.04 112.70 209.26 3.88 61.90 105.35 120.15 120.15 2.23 64.01 100.25 121.71 121.71 2.26396 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 45 209.28 155.06 112.72 209.28 3.88 61.90 105.36 120.02 120.02 2.23 64.01 100.20 120.99 120.99 2.25397 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 45 209.21 155.00 112.66 209.21 3.88 61.90 106.11 120.81 120.81 2.24 64.01 100.22 122.97 122.97 2.28398 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 45 209.05 154.85 112.51 209.05 3.88 61.90 108.98 123.36 123.36 2.29 64.01 100.95 125.75 125.75 2.33399 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 45 208.82 154.62 112.31 208.82 3.87 61.89 113.76 127.38 127.38 2.36 64.01 102.88 127.57 127.57 2.37400 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 130.96 141.55 85.94 141.55 2.63 76.76 106.13 151.20 151.20 2.81 76.21 114.78 155.63 155.63 2.89401 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 131.65 137.84 85.57 137.84 2.56 75.50 104.55 154.63 154.63 2.87 81.29 112.21 161.13 161.13 2.99402 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 131.38 133.59 85.16 133.59 2.48 73.18 100.85 155.31 155.31 2.88 85.18 107.78 163.47 163.47 3.03403 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 129.62 130.01 84.74 130.01 2.41 73.60 95.04 152.85 152.85 2.84 87.44 101.41 162.52 162.52 3.02404 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 128.62 126.95 85.41 128.62 2.39 75.35 87.24 147.55 147.55 2.74 87.87 93.18 160.67 160.67 2.98405 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 129.99 124.07 85.58 129.99 2.41 76.06 77.64 139.63 139.63 2.59 86.48 83.21 154.96 154.96 2.88406 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 129.25 122.22 85.94 129.25 2.40 75.91 66.48 129.36 129.36 2.40 83.47 71.72 145.89 145.89 2.71407 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 125.91 119.64 86.18 125.91 2.34 75.13 60.05 117.27 117.27 2.18 79.23 64.11 134.04 134.04 2.49408 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 123.61 117.90 86.17 123.61 2.29 73.87 60.94 104.12 104.12 1.93 74.31 63.75 120.13 120.13 2.23409 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 132.47 150.47 87.67 150.47 2.79 72.17 61.02 94.55 94.55 1.75 71.25 62.57 111.50 111.50 2.07410 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 134.27 152.27 90.78 152.27 2.83 69.96 60.32 91.80 91.80 1.70 67.46 60.71 108.94 108.94 2.02411 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 134.23 153.96 95.36 153.96 2.86 67.23 59.01 92.73 92.73 1.72 63.56 60.29 104.13 104.13 1.93412 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 133.31 154.90 97.60 154.90 2.87 110.61 65.52 93.10 110.61 2.05 61.49 59.44 100.46 100.46 1.86413 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 133.50 155.13 97.44 155.13 2.88 111.08 65.81 95.59 111.08 2.06 120.55 73.94 98.53 120.55 2.24414 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 133.40 154.89 94.87 154.89 2.87 111.27 65.87 97.69 111.27 2.06 120.66 74.03 95.94 120.66 2.24415 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 133.04 154.17 89.98 154.17 2.86 111.15 65.66 98.45 111.15 2.06 121.76 75.21 93.54 121.76 2.26416 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 133.91 152.76 86.30 152.76 2.83 112.22 66.32 98.55 112.22 2.08 123.56 77.19 91.53 123.56 2.29417 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 133.61 150.70 85.99 150.70 2.80 114.28 69.51 100.65 114.28 2.12 125.40 79.46 90.99 125.40 2.33418 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 131.95 148.48 86.11 148.48 2.76 116.20 72.68 100.80 116.20 2.16 80.55 67.91 92.40 92.40 1.71419 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 133.41 144.94 86.12 144.94 2.69 72.84 65.50 99.07 99.07 1.84 86.07 73.27 97.10 97.10 1.80420 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 130.99 141.56 85.96 141.56 2.63 76.80 106.13 151.27 151.27 2.81 76.12 114.80 155.58 155.58 2.89421 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 50 218.93 162.29 122.82 218.93 4.06 63.49 115.11 127.93 127.93 2.37 64.97 104.42 127.89 127.89 2.37422 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 50 218.61 161.96 122.55 218.61 4.06 63.47 120.55 132.06 132.06 2.45 64.97 108.12 127.97 127.97 2.37423 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 50 217.95 163.50 120.80 217.95 4.04 63.45 125.36 135.06 135.06 2.51 64.97 111.05 129.52 129.52 2.40424 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 50 217.72 163.18 120.64 217.72 4.04 63.42 128.82 136.23 136.23 2.53 64.97 112.57 135.74 135.74 2.52425 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 50 217.53 162.86 120.54 217.53 4.04 63.40 130.51 135.19 135.19 2.51 64.96 112.78 139.90 139.90 2.60426 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 50 217.39 162.56 120.50 217.39 4.03 63.39 130.21 131.77 131.77 2.45 64.96 120.02 141.41 141.41 2.62427 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 50 217.33 162.30 120.55 217.33 4.03 63.40 127.85 125.94 127.85 2.37 64.96 128.28 140.09 140.09 2.60428 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 50 217.36 162.11 120.69 217.36 4.03 63.42 123.52 128.15 128.15 2.38 64.95 134.08 135.84 135.84 2.52429 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 50 217.46 161.98 120.92 217.46 4.04 63.45 117.49 131.55 131.55 2.44 64.95 137.13 128.71 137.13 2.54430 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 50 217.64 161.93 121.20 217.64 4.04 63.50 112.19 133.04 133.04 2.47 64.96 137.45 119.28 137.45 2.55431 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 50 217.90 161.96 121.55 217.90 4.04 63.54 110.95 132.70 132.70 2.46 64.97 135.03 118.48 135.03 2.51432 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 50 218.19 162.04 121.92 218.19 4.05 63.59 108.88 130.78 130.78 2.43 64.97 130.03 120.25 130.03 2.41433 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 50 218.50 162.17 122.29 218.50 4.05 63.54 106.29 127.77 127.77 2.37 64.97 122.79 124.76 124.76 2.32434 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 50 218.81 162.33 122.63 218.81 4.06 63.53 103.71 124.52 124.52 2.31 65.01 113.86 126.81 126.81 2.35435 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 50 219.07 162.48 122.91 219.07 4.07 63.52 104.82 122.12 122.12 2.27 65.01 104.30 126.60 126.60 2.35436 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 50 219.27 162.62 123.12 219.27 4.07 63.51 106.00 120.96 120.96 2.24 65.01 101.53 124.63 124.63 2.31437 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 50 219.39 162.70 123.24 219.39 4.07 63.51 106.36 120.42 120.42 2.23 65.01 101.15 122.11 122.11 2.27438 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 50 219.41 162.72 123.26 219.41 4.07 63.51 106.35 120.28 120.28 2.23 65.01 101.10 121.36 121.36 2.25439 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 50 219.34 162.66 123.19 219.34 4.07 63.51 107.20 121.13 121.13 2.25 65.01 101.13 123.34 123.34 2.29440 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 50 219.17 162.50 123.04 219.17 4.07 63.50 110.25 123.81 123.81 2.30 65.01 101.92 126.08 126.08 2.34441 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 50 218.91 162.26 122.82 218.91 4.06 63.49 115.16 127.92 127.92 2.37 65.01 104.49 127.84 127.84 2.37442 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 137.42 145.93 85.94 145.93 2.71 78.98 107.24 154.53 154.53 2.87 79.72 116.23 157.03 157.03 2.91443 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 136.90 142.29 85.57 142.29 2.64 77.70 105.64 157.98 157.98 2.93 84.81 113.59 162.44 162.44 3.01444 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 137.19 138.10 85.17 138.10 2.56 75.42 101.91 158.28 158.28 2.94 88.52 109.08 164.67 164.67 3.06445 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 135.17 133.94 84.77 135.17 2.51 76.49 96.07 155.74 155.74 2.89 90.51 102.64 165.43 165.43 3.07446 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 133.96 130.88 85.45 133.96 2.49 78.09 88.21 150.29 150.29 2.79 90.63 94.32 163.07 163.07 3.03447 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 135.32 128.14 85.62 135.32 2.51 78.63 78.56 142.17 142.17 2.64 88.97 84.26 157.03 157.03 2.91448 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 134.44 125.93 85.98 134.44 2.49 78.29 67.35 131.65 131.65 2.44 85.73 72.69 147.69 147.69 2.74449 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 130.88 123.17 86.22 130.88 2.43 77.28 60.27 119.35 119.35 2.21 81.29 65.01 135.63 135.63 2.52450 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 128.47 121.37 86.21 128.47 2.38 75.75 61.15 105.98 105.98 1.97 76.41 64.55 121.56 121.56 2.26451 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 138.77 155.43 87.71 155.43 2.88 73.75 61.22 94.95 94.95 1.76 72.97 63.27 111.60 111.60 2.07452 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 140.21 157.49 90.99 157.49 2.92 71.25 60.51 92.01 92.01 1.71 68.83 61.33 109.07 109.07 2.02453 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 140.70 159.09 95.57 159.09 2.95 68.29 59.28 92.94 92.94 1.72 64.61 60.35 104.21 104.21 1.93454 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 139.65 160.16 97.79 160.16 2.97 112.46 67.44 93.28 112.46 2.09 62.60 59.56 100.87 100.87 1.87455 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 139.66 160.44 97.61 160.44 2.98 112.89 67.74 95.87 112.89 2.09 120.95 75.99 99.09 120.95 2.24456 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 139.55 160.19 95.02 160.19 2.97 113.11 67.81 97.95 113.11 2.10 121.06 76.09 96.43 121.06 2.25457 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 139.39 159.40 90.09 159.40 2.96 113.07 67.62 98.68 113.07 2.10 122.21 77.36 94.04 122.21 2.27458 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 140.30 157.82 87.37 157.82 2.93 112.40 67.87 98.79 112.40 2.09 124.06 79.45 92.00 124.06 2.30459 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 139.47 155.82 85.99 155.82 2.89 114.50 71.16 100.85 114.50 2.12 125.97 81.79 91.41 125.97 2.34460 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 138.32 153.29 86.11 153.29 2.84 116.49 74.38 100.97 116.49 2.16 81.35 68.04 92.85 92.85 1.72461 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 139.00 149.86 86.13 149.86 2.78 79.08 106.82 148.65 148.65 2.76 73.75 117.15 148.73 148.73 2.76462 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 137.45 145.93 85.97 145.93 2.71 79.01 107.25 154.60 154.60 2.87 79.63 116.25 156.96 156.96 2.91463 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 100 281.33 210.69 192.70 281.33 5.22 76.80 121.49 130.35 130.35 2.42 74.68 113.57 128.92 128.92 2.39464 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 100 280.88 210.22 192.32 280.88 5.21 76.65 127.20 134.67 134.67 2.50 74.60 118.32 128.86 128.86 2.39465 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 100 280.32 212.00 190.30 280.32 5.20 76.48 132.05 137.69 137.69 2.56 74.50 121.92 134.91 134.91 2.50466 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 100 279.98 211.55 190.07 279.98 5.20 76.35 135.35 138.76 138.76 2.57 74.38 123.77 141.32 141.32 2.62467 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 100 279.66 211.11 189.88 279.66 5.19 76.28 136.71 137.53 137.53 2.55 74.29 123.64 145.44 145.44 2.70468 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 100 279.46 210.72 189.82 279.46 5.19 76.30 135.95 133.83 135.95 2.52 74.25 133.59 146.78 146.78 2.72


(s)Type of

FaultFault Duration

(s)

NER Size




V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 4


469 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 100 279.31 210.39 189.83 279.31 5.18 76.43 133.04 127.67 133.04 2.47 74.29 141.89 145.14 145.14 2.69470 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 100 279.33 210.16 190.01 279.33 5.18 76.67 128.13 130.79 130.79 2.43 74.40 147.40 140.43 147.40 2.74471 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 100 279.42 210.03 190.26 279.42 5.19 76.98 122.00 133.72 133.72 2.48 74.56 149.88 132.80 149.88 2.78472 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 100 279.67 210.02 190.65 279.67 5.19 77.32 121.16 134.68 134.68 2.50 74.72 149.32 126.56 149.32 2.77473 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 100 279.97 210.10 191.08 279.97 5.20 77.50 119.00 133.78 133.78 2.48 75.00 145.76 124.95 145.76 2.70474 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 100 280.38 210.29 191.57 280.38 5.20 77.30 115.79 131.38 131.38 2.44 74.96 139.41 128.36 139.41 2.59475 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 100 280.80 210.52 192.07 280.80 5.21 77.12 111.98 128.10 128.10 2.38 74.89 130.67 131.52 131.52 2.44476 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 100 281.19 210.78 192.52 281.19 5.22 77.00 109.27 125.02 125.02 2.32 74.82 120.25 132.12 132.12 2.45477 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 100 281.55 211.04 192.90 281.55 5.22 76.93 109.86 123.16 123.16 2.29 74.75 109.21 130.46 130.46 2.42478 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 100 281.84 211.25 193.19 281.84 5.23 76.91 110.94 122.21 122.21 2.27 74.70 107.32 127.16 127.16 2.36479 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 100 282.00 211.38 193.36 282.00 5.23 76.92 110.98 121.55 121.55 2.26 74.68 106.54 123.79 123.79 2.30480 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 100 282.03 211.41 193.39 282.03 5.23 76.93 110.87 121.36 121.36 2.25 74.68 106.42 122.88 122.88 2.28481 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 100 281.93 211.31 193.29 281.93 5.23 76.90 112.21 122.53 122.53 2.27 74.68 106.67 124.86 124.86 2.32482 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 100 281.68 211.08 193.06 281.68 5.23 76.83 116.04 125.78 125.78 2.33 74.66 108.73 127.38 127.38 2.36483 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 100 281.32 210.73 192.74 281.32 5.22 76.70 121.52 130.31 130.31 2.42 74.61 113.61 128.85 128.85 2.39484 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 179.02 174.28 96.50 179.02 3.32 101.91 112.41 170.86 170.86 3.17 106.73 123.23 168.52 168.52 3.13485 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 177.68 168.69 94.79 177.68 3.30 101.05 110.72 173.53 173.53 3.22 111.45 120.29 174.81 174.81 3.24486 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 175.06 164.90 93.20 175.06 3.25 99.24 106.86 173.25 173.25 3.21 114.25 115.40 177.73 177.73 3.30487 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 175.41 160.28 91.52 175.41 3.26 96.76 100.85 169.99 169.99 3.15 115.04 108.55 177.20 177.20 3.29488 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 173.03 156.10 90.19 173.03 3.21 96.60 92.80 163.74 163.74 3.04 113.81 99.79 173.25 173.25 3.21489 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 169.95 152.53 88.78 169.95 3.15 95.82 82.91 154.69 154.69 2.87 110.68 89.29 166.05 166.05 3.08490 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 170.44 148.32 86.15 170.44 3.16 93.94 71.45 143.21 143.21 2.66 105.86 77.30 155.83 155.83 2.89491 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 165.78 144.49 86.39 165.78 3.08 91.21 66.88 129.95 129.95 2.41 99.72 75.76 143.05 143.05 2.65492 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 162.58 142.31 86.37 162.58 3.02 87.81 62.91 115.65 115.65 2.15 92.78 74.04 128.33 128.33 2.38493 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 158.70 139.35 87.96 158.70 2.94 83.87 64.49 101.43 101.43 1.88 85.75 71.44 112.70 112.70 2.09494 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 183.01 188.80 101.59 188.80 3.50 79.56 65.03 92.96 92.96 1.72 79.47 68.24 109.46 109.46 2.03495 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 184.36 190.76 102.25 190.76 3.54 75.23 64.59 93.87 93.87 1.74 74.57 64.89 105.60 105.60 1.96496 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 184.65 191.86 102.70 191.86 3.56 71.51 63.43 94.10 94.10 1.75 71.23 62.08 103.08 103.08 1.91497 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 184.26 192.36 102.79 192.36 3.57 121.61 84.50 97.12 121.61 2.26 69.52 60.62 102.05 102.05 1.89498 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 184.06 192.01 102.61 192.01 3.56 122.00 84.70 99.15 122.00 2.26 69.72 60.68 99.12 99.12 1.84499 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 184.14 190.84 102.18 190.84 3.54 122.37 84.83 99.75 122.37 2.27 70.55 60.88 96.84 96.84 1.80500 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 183.42 189.14 101.45 189.14 3.51 75.94 67.58 99.83 99.83 1.85 73.19 61.51 94.68 94.68 1.76501 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 181.82 186.53 100.60 186.53 3.46 97.97 106.91 149.39 149.39 2.77 79.61 66.67 93.78 93.78 1.74502 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 181.67 182.91 99.33 182.91 3.39 100.30 109.99 158.08 158.08 2.93 92.99 123.81 147.85 147.85 2.74503 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 179.86 179.05 98.09 179.86 3.34 101.66 112.06 165.57 165.57 3.07 100.29 124.36 159.16 159.16 2.95504 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 179.06 174.30 96.50 179.06 3.32 101.91 112.42 170.91 170.91 3.17 106.61 123.25 168.49 168.49 3.13505 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 550 372.50 312.87 338.48 372.50 6.91 106.10 126.64 132.22 132.22 2.45 101.57 124.39 129.49 129.49 2.40506 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 550 371.79 312.31 337.83 371.79 6.90 105.46 132.54 136.70 136.70 2.54 102.48 130.42 131.59 131.59 2.44507 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 550 372.80 312.69 335.96 372.80 6.92 105.13 137.37 139.75 139.75 2.59 104.04 134.95 139.72 139.72 2.59508 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 550 372.19 312.23 335.46 372.19 6.91 105.29 140.48 140.75 140.75 2.61 105.95 137.42 146.29 146.29 2.71509 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 550 371.62 311.79 335.17 371.62 6.90 105.92 141.52 139.35 141.52 2.63 107.81 137.58 150.37 150.37 2.79510 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 550 371.15 311.44 334.86 371.15 6.89 106.93 140.33 135.42 140.33 2.60 109.31 146.31 151.54 151.54 2.81511 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 550 370.79 311.20 334.87 370.79 6.88 108.34 136.92 128.98 136.92 2.54 110.22 154.64 149.63 154.64 2.87512 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 550 370.60 311.09 334.91 370.60 6.88 114.20 131.97 132.36 132.36 2.46 107.87 159.86 144.58 159.86 2.97513 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 550 370.58 311.12 335.26 370.58 6.88 112.95 132.29 134.87 134.87 2.50 107.89 161.77 136.77 161.77 3.00514 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 550 370.75 311.29 335.65 370.75 6.88 111.47 130.82 135.36 135.36 2.51 107.23 160.33 136.37 160.33 2.98515 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 550 371.06 311.57 336.29 371.06 6.89 109.95 127.73 134.02 134.02 2.49 106.01 155.63 134.02 155.63 2.89516 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 550 371.50 311.95 336.89 371.50 6.89 108.59 123.33 131.27 131.27 2.44 104.46 148.02 135.55 148.02 2.75517 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 550 371.99 312.37 337.62 371.99 6.90 107.59 118.18 127.94 127.94 2.37 102.91 137.87 137.45 137.87 2.56518 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 550 372.51 312.80 338.31 372.51 6.91 107.04 116.27 125.34 125.34 2.33 101.76 125.93 136.67 136.67 2.54519 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 550 372.98 313.19 338.87 372.98 6.92 106.91 114.53 124.07 124.07 2.30 101.28 119.05 133.60 133.60 2.48520 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 550 373.35 313.49 339.29 373.35 6.93 107.03 115.13 123.19 123.19 2.29 101.34 116.04 129.08 129.08 2.40521 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 550 373.60 313.68 339.49 373.60 6.93 107.21 114.75 122.36 122.36 2.27 101.52 114.46 124.93 124.93 2.32522 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 550 373.64 313.72 339.54 373.64 6.93 107.26 114.54 122.11 122.11 2.27 101.56 114.19 123.91 123.91 2.30523 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 550 373.48 313.59 339.38 373.48 6.93 107.06 116.30 123.58 123.58 2.29 101.47 114.92 125.83 125.83 2.34524 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 550 373.12 313.30 339.02 373.12 6.92 106.59 120.75 127.30 127.30 2.36 101.40 117.88 128.14 128.14 2.38525 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 550 372.56 312.87 338.49 372.56 6.91 105.94 126.66 132.17 132.17 2.45 101.66 124.41 129.41 129.41 2.40526 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 254.19 225.08 196.42 254.19 4.72 160.53 134.11 183.07 183.07 3.40 160.27 129.54 178.51 178.51 3.31527 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 252.42 220.19 193.34 252.42 4.68 160.03 137.14 185.63 185.63 3.44 165.34 128.19 184.35 184.35 3.42528 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 241.90 215.10 190.60 241.90 4.49 157.75 138.55 185.13 185.13 3.44 167.75 131.83 186.97 186.97 3.47529 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 237.89 211.46 187.96 237.89 4.41 153.92 137.84 181.45 181.45 3.37 167.32 133.88 186.21 186.21 3.46530 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 239.31 208.03 185.85 239.31 4.44 148.79 134.86 174.66 174.66 3.24 164.03 133.96 181.96 181.96 3.38531 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 231.48 206.11 184.16 231.48 4.30 142.49 129.62 165.03 165.03 3.06 158.03 131.94 174.39 174.39 3.24532 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 230.09 198.84 175.68 230.09 4.27 134.99 122.29 152.90 152.90 2.84 149.53 127.86 163.69 163.69 3.04533 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 227.55 192.32 168.79 227.55 4.22 126.27 113.18 139.32 139.32 2.59 139.06 121.87 150.37 150.37 2.79534 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 222.73 189.24 166.62 222.73 4.13 116.47 102.73 125.22 125.22 2.32 127.23 114.22 134.97 134.97 2.50535 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 216.98 185.49 163.99 216.98 4.03 106.06 95.23 111.23 111.23 2.06 114.99 105.45 118.56 118.56 2.20536 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 271.44 238.89 207.26 271.44 5.04 95.84 90.02 98.85 98.85 1.83 103.47 96.26 109.80 109.80 2.04537 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 273.13 240.94 208.78 273.13 5.07 87.01 85.05 94.69 94.69 1.76 83.98 75.89 107.59 107.59 2.00538 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 275.97 242.46 209.70 275.97 5.12 81.53 81.63 94.95 94.95 1.76 83.02 76.41 106.08 106.08 1.97539 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 276.51 242.89 210.08 276.51 5.13 79.09 79.67 98.18 98.18 1.82 82.63 76.66 105.04 105.04 1.95540 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 276.09 242.48 209.74 276.09 5.12 78.81 79.50 100.15 100.15 1.86 82.86 76.62 101.94 101.94 1.89541 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 274.72 241.25 208.71 274.72 5.10 80.50 80.94 100.64 100.64 1.87 83.08 75.99 99.99 99.99 1.86542 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 270.94 238.95 207.19 270.94 5.03 146.89 124.96 153.10 153.10 2.84 132.98 125.04 149.45 149.45 2.77543 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 269.23 236.52 205.16 269.23 5.00 151.79 126.94 161.67 161.67 3.00 137.17 128.09 154.54 154.54 2.87544 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 265.53 233.27 202.38 265.53 4.93 156.12 128.67 170.37 170.37 3.16 143.81 130.18 159.26 159.26 2.96545 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 261.62 229.20 199.64 261.62 4.85 159.18 130.76 177.84 177.84 3.30 152.80 130.78 169.90 169.90 3.15546 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 254.20 225.09 196.46 254.20 4.72 160.52 134.16 183.12 183.12 3.40 160.14 130.27 178.47 178.47 3.31547 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000 430.45 346.32 403.37 430.45 7.99 111.40 127.14 132.40 132.40 2.46 107.93 125.70 129.56 129.56 2.40548 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000 429.65 345.50 402.63 429.65 7.97 110.89 133.07 136.90 136.90 2.54 109.51 131.90 132.05 132.05 2.45549 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000 430.88 346.45 400.79 430.88 8.00 110.92 137.89 139.95 139.95 2.60 111.90 136.54 140.19 140.19 2.60550 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000 430.22 345.78 400.36 430.22 7.98 111.63 140.98 140.93 140.98 2.62 114.64 139.11 146.73 146.73 2.72551 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000 429.50 345.02 399.77 429.50 7.97 112.82 141.99 139.52 141.99 2.63 117.24 139.33 150.85 150.85 2.80552 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000 428.93 344.49 399.51 428.93 7.96 114.14 140.75 135.58 140.75 2.61 119.31 147.65 152.02 152.02 2.82553 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000 428.51 344.03 399.31 428.51 7.95 121.97 137.29 129.10 137.29 2.55 114.47 156.00 150.09 156.00 2.89554 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000 428.30 343.88 399.47 428.30 7.95 120.84 133.18 132.48 133.18 2.47 115.24 161.17 144.99 161.17 2.99555 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000 428.22 343.83 399.62 428.22 7.95 119.29 133.47 134.95 134.95 2.50 115.12 162.99 138.07 162.99 3.02556 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000 428.48 344.12 400.27 428.48 7.95 117.49 131.93 135.39 135.39 2.51 114.14 161.49 137.62 161.49 3.00557 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000 428.75 344.44 400.74 428.75 7.96 115.64 128.73 134.00 134.00 2.49 112.45 156.70 135.19 156.70 2.91558 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000 429.31 345.04 401.60 429.31 7.97 114.02 124.20 131.23 131.23 2.44 110.34 148.92 136.31 148.92 2.76559 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000 429.87 345.57 402.32 429.87 7.98 112.86 118.90 127.90 127.90 2.37 108.26 138.62 138.05 138.62 2.57560 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000 430.41 346.24 403.02 430.41 7.99 112.28 117.15 125.37 125.37 2.33 106.83 126.51 137.13 137.13 2.54561 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000 430.97 346.82 403.70 430.97 8.00 112.20 115.31 124.16 124.16 2.30 106.57 120.48 133.92 133.92 2.49562 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000 431.43 347.30 404.24 431.43 8.01 112.40 115.56 123.28 123.28 2.29 107.06 117.27 129.25 129.25 2.40563 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000 431.70 347.58 404.55 431.70 8.01 112.63 115.12 122.43 122.43 2.27 107.48 115.57 125.03 125.03 2.32564 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000 431.76 347.63 404.61 431.76 8.01 112.69 114.90 122.18 122.18 2.27 107.57 115.27 124.00 124.00 2.30565 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000 431.57 347.44 404.41 431.57 8.01 112.46 116.71 123.68 123.68 2.30 107.43 116.09 125.92 125.92 2.34566 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000 431.15 347.01 403.99 431.15 8.00 111.93 121.21 127.44 127.44 2.36 107.42 119.00 128.20 128.20 2.38567 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000 430.52 346.36 403.38 430.52 7.99 111.27 127.16 132.35 132.35 2.46 108.03 125.72 129.49 129.49 2.40568 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 283.26 236.32 217.77 283.26 5.26 170.74 150.15 184.83 184.83 3.43 168.89 138.44 179.64 179.64 3.33569 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 279.68 231.88 214.30 279.68 5.19 170.18 153.02 187.73 187.73 3.48 174.07 142.44 185.51 185.51 3.44570 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 273.95 226.99 211.43 273.95 5.08 167.67 154.09 187.22 187.22 3.47 176.44 146.11 188.15 188.15 3.49571 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 256.33 223.03 208.62 256.33 4.76 163.42 152.81 184.23 184.23 3.42 175.82 147.81 187.38 187.38 3.48572 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 269.40 219.74 206.40 256.33 4.76 157.71 149.02 178.25 178.25 3.31 172.19 147.29 183.12 183.12 3.40573 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 255.08 217.86 205.09 255.08 4.73 150.68 142.74 169.01 169.01 3.14 165.68 144.43 175.48 175.48 3.26574 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 263.88 210.35 195.29 263.88 4.90 142.34 134.18 157.58 157.58 2.92 156.57 139.30 164.72 164.72 3.06575 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 263.00 203.13 188.17 263.00 4.88 132.73 123.70 144.15 144.15 2.67 145.34 132.08 151.31 151.31 2.81576 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 257.36 199.83 185.52 257.36 4.78 122.01 111.79 129.68 129.68 2.41 132.68 123.09 135.83 135.83 2.52577 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 250.87 195.83 182.38 250.87 4.66 110.74 101.19 115.08 115.08 2.14 119.55 112.93 119.31 119.55 2.22578 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 304.49 251.00 229.55 304.49 5.65 99.69 94.93 101.73 101.73 1.89 107.17 102.39 109.79 109.79 2.04579 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 306.22 252.94 231.22 306.22 5.68 90.23 89.14 94.77 94.77 1.76 85.90 79.25 107.80 107.80 2.00580 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 309.78 254.40 232.44 309.78 5.75 82.79 85.06 95.06 95.06 1.76 84.89 79.79 106.40 106.40 1.97581 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 310.37 254.85 232.88 310.37 5.76 80.55 83.23 98.28 98.28 1.82 84.46 80.06 105.38 105.38 1.96582 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 309.88 254.45 232.50 309.88 5.75 80.21 82.97 100.25 100.25 1.86 84.68 80.00 102.26 102.26 1.90583 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 308.24 253.21 231.35 308.24 5.72 81.66 84.14 100.73 100.73 1.87 84.85 79.25 100.35 100.35 1.86584 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 303.66 251.00 229.47 303.66 5.63 155.95 139.63 154.41 155.95 2.89 143.86 126.59 154.66 154.66 2.87585 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 301.45 248.48 227.21 301.45 5.59 161.24 142.25 163.01 163.01 3.02 148.57 130.80 160.04 160.04 2.97


(s)Type of

FaultFault Duration

(s)

NER Size




V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 4


586 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 296.77 244.97 224.30 296.77 5.51 165.95 144.52 171.75 171.75 3.19 152.24 134.66 164.28 164.28 3.05587 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 292.83 240.66 220.98 292.83 5.43 169.26 146.84 179.22 179.22 3.33 161.19 137.43 170.96 170.96 3.17588 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 283.27 236.33 217.82 283.27 5.26 170.73 150.18 184.86 184.86 3.43 168.76 138.54 179.60 179.60 3.33589 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000000 551.84 472.04 530.47 551.84 10.24 120.98 127.76 132.61 132.61 2.46 117.14 127.39 129.60 129.60 2.41590 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000000 553.75 473.43 529.08 553.75 10.28 121.01 133.71 137.13 137.13 2.54 119.91 133.78 132.57 133.78 2.48591 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000000 552.86 472.67 528.28 552.86 10.26 121.85 138.53 140.19 140.19 2.60 123.69 138.59 140.72 140.72 2.61592 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000000 551.69 471.57 527.49 551.69 10.24 123.51 141.59 141.16 141.59 2.63 127.82 141.26 147.33 147.33 2.73593 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000000 550.96 470.57 526.78 550.96 10.22 125.75 142.56 139.73 142.56 2.65 131.63 141.53 151.47 151.47 2.81594 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000000 550.21 470.08 526.29 550.21 10.21 128.25 141.26 135.76 141.26 2.62 134.65 149.33 152.61 152.61 2.83595 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000000 549.65 469.26 525.99 549.65 10.20 131.82 137.73 131.05 137.73 2.56 133.03 157.64 150.61 157.64 2.93596 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000000 549.21 469.11 526.00 549.21 10.19 130.28 134.70 132.63 134.70 2.50 131.05 162.83 145.50 162.83 3.02597 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000000 549.30 469.06 526.25 549.30 10.19 128.29 134.95 135.04 135.04 2.51 128.38 164.59 139.85 164.59 3.05598 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000000 549.33 469.20 526.78 549.33 10.19 125.98 133.33 135.42 135.42 2.51 125.65 162.90 139.25 162.90 3.02599 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000000 549.97 469.85 527.50 549.97 10.21 123.64 130.00 133.98 133.98 2.49 122.43 157.99 136.70 157.99 2.93600 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000000 550.39 470.46 528.39 550.39 10.21 121.64 125.30 131.16 131.16 2.43 119.12 150.03 137.23 150.03 2.78601 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000000 551.30 471.15 529.31 551.30 10.23 120.64 120.56 127.84 127.84 2.37 116.29 139.53 138.79 139.53 2.59602 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000000 552.11 472.17 530.26 552.11 10.25 120.48 120.40 125.41 125.41 2.33 114.55 127.23 137.68 137.68 2.55603 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000000 552.85 473.06 531.10 552.85 10.26 120.86 120.79 124.27 124.27 2.31 114.29 122.37 134.28 134.28 2.49604 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000000 553.29 473.53 531.72 553.29 10.27 121.45 121.36 123.39 123.39 2.29 115.44 118.89 129.46 129.46 2.40605 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000000 553.57 473.82 532.09 553.57 10.27 121.91 121.80 122.52 122.52 2.27 116.31 117.03 125.15 125.15 2.32606 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000000 553.63 473.88 532.16 553.63 10.27 122.01 121.90 122.26 122.26 2.27 116.50 116.70 124.11 124.11 2.30607 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000000 553.39 473.64 531.91 553.39 10.27 121.73 121.61 123.80 123.80 2.30 116.05 117.63 126.02 126.02 2.34608 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000000 552.82 473.05 531.35 552.82 10.26 121.22 121.77 127.61 127.61 2.37 115.90 120.43 128.29 128.29 2.38609 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000000 551.92 472.11 530.51 551.92 10.24 120.78 127.78 132.56 132.56 2.46 117.22 127.40 129.53 129.53 2.40610 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 343.73 275.67 255.16 343.73 6.38 184.97 174.78 196.29 196.29 3.64 181.15 167.93 188.09 188.09 3.49611 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 330.77 271.35 250.92 330.77 6.14 184.30 176.92 200.08 200.08 3.71 186.66 169.39 195.95 195.95 3.64612 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 336.33 264.92 246.84 336.33 6.24 181.40 177.39 200.40 200.40 3.72 188.90 168.41 198.06 198.06 3.68613 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 299.31 254.29 242.67 299.31 5.55 176.52 175.21 198.04 198.04 3.67 188.27 168.55 200.17 200.17 3.71614 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 330.85 259.90 241.03 330.85 6.14 169.94 170.19 191.96 191.96 3.56 183.92 167.07 192.94 192.94 3.58615 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 301.83 248.06 238.51 301.83 5.60 161.87 162.35 181.70 181.70 3.37 176.75 162.95 184.34 184.34 3.42616 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 336.27 257.14 264.57 336.27 6.24 152.38 151.98 170.17 170.17 3.16 166.96 156.26 176.42 176.42 3.27617 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 337.09 250.11 263.68 337.09 6.26 141.52 139.42 155.16 155.16 2.88 154.64 147.22 162.00 162.00 3.01618 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 329.68 244.53 255.64 329.68 6.12 129.57 125.35 138.32 138.32 2.57 140.71 136.24 144.90 144.90 2.69619 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 321.58 239.16 247.13 321.58 5.97 117.07 113.38 121.55 121.55 2.26 126.37 124.00 128.01 128.01 2.38620 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 367.61 295.29 269.42 367.61 6.82 104.97 103.33 106.61 106.61 1.98 89.53 87.26 109.82 109.82 2.04621 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 371.65 299.35 272.13 371.65 6.90 94.96 95.44 95.97 95.97 1.78 89.86 88.33 108.06 108.06 2.01622 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 376.51 301.29 274.14 376.51 6.99 88.63 89.90 95.18 95.18 1.77 88.39 87.59 106.83 106.83 1.98623 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 377.09 301.33 273.87 377.09 7.00 88.16 88.53 98.41 98.41 1.83 87.65 87.31 105.79 105.79 1.96624 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 376.51 300.84 273.44 376.51 6.99 87.63 88.08 100.37 100.37 1.86 87.88 87.53 102.66 102.66 1.90625 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 374.36 299.79 272.37 374.36 6.95 87.02 88.69 100.84 100.84 1.87 154.25 145.21 157.06 157.06 2.91626 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 368.11 296.70 269.98 368.11 6.83 168.60 162.34 162.87 168.60 3.13 159.40 148.99 162.44 162.44 3.01627 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 363.34 291.89 266.59 363.34 6.74 174.46 165.94 170.47 174.46 3.24 164.90 154.01 168.31 168.31 3.12628 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 359.94 288.46 263.57 359.94 6.68 179.69 168.96 179.90 179.90 3.34 169.36 159.46 172.82 172.82 3.21629 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 351.52 283.32 259.28 351.52 6.52 183.35 171.91 188.89 188.89 3.51 173.13 164.38 179.85 179.85 3.34630 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 343.72 275.67 255.21 343.72 6.38 184.96 174.72 196.23 196.23 3.64 180.91 167.91 186.93 186.93 3.47


(s)Type of

FaultFault

Duration (s)NER Size




Vmax/Vnom1 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 0 87.86 73.11 68.31 87.86 1.63 71.63 65.19 62.46 71.63 1.33 54.03 64.62 57.71 64.62 1.202 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 0 87.79 74.36 68.24 87.79 1.63 71.68 67.40 62.43 71.68 1.33 53.97 66.87 57.69 66.87 1.243 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 0 87.83 73.80 68.46 87.83 1.63 72.04 67.94 62.41 72.04 1.34 55.35 67.47 57.67 67.47 1.254 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 0 87.80 71.63 68.92 87.80 1.63 71.79 66.83 62.38 71.79 1.33 58.74 66.40 57.64 66.40 1.235 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 0 87.72 71.10 68.86 87.72 1.63 72.14 64.11 62.35 72.14 1.34 60.13 63.70 57.60 63.70 1.186 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 0 87.59 71.48 69.96 87.59 1.63 71.79 63.47 62.32 71.79 1.33 62.71 59.43 57.57 62.71 1.167 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 0 87.38 71.25 71.98 87.38 1.62 72.25 63.42 62.29 72.25 1.34 62.49 58.70 57.56 62.49 1.168 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 0 87.52 71.00 74.62 87.52 1.62 72.57 63.42 62.31 72.57 1.35 63.68 58.70 57.58 63.68 1.189 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 0 87.58 71.16 78.38 87.58 1.63 72.30 63.46 62.34 72.30 1.34 62.66 58.72 57.60 62.66 1.16

10 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 0 87.62 71.07 80.19 87.62 1.63 71.77 63.51 62.37 71.77 1.33 61.29 58.76 58.98 61.29 1.1411 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 0 87.67 71.55 80.00 87.67 1.63 71.45 63.56 63.33 71.45 1.33 58.91 58.79 62.49 62.49 1.1612 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 0 87.73 71.80 77.88 87.73 1.63 71.38 63.60 65.09 71.38 1.32 56.10 58.82 64.46 64.46 1.2013 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 0 87.81 71.69 73.84 87.81 1.63 71.77 63.64 65.26 71.77 1.33 53.92 58.85 64.84 64.84 1.2014 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 0 87.75 71.92 68.36 87.75 1.63 71.62 63.67 63.85 71.62 1.33 53.99 58.88 63.62 63.62 1.1815 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 0 87.74 72.17 68.59 87.74 1.63 71.95 63.70 62.50 71.95 1.34 54.04 58.90 60.84 60.84 1.1316 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 0 87.77 72.12 68.58 87.77 1.63 71.63 63.71 62.51 71.63 1.33 54.07 58.91 57.77 58.91 1.0917 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 0 87.79 72.13 68.57 87.79 1.63 71.34 63.72 62.52 71.34 1.32 54.09 58.92 57.78 58.92 1.0918 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 0 87.81 72.16 68.59 87.81 1.63 71.14 63.73 62.52 71.14 1.32 54.09 58.92 57.78 58.92 1.0919 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 0 87.75 72.19 68.60 87.75 1.63 71.82 63.72 62.51 71.82 1.33 54.08 58.92 57.78 58.92 1.0920 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 0 87.82 72.20 68.64 87.82 1.63 71.31 63.71 62.50 71.31 1.32 54.06 60.82 57.77 60.82 1.1321 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 0 87.81 73.15 68.36 87.81 1.63 71.67 65.22 62.49 71.67 1.33 54.01 64.65 57.75 64.65 1.2022 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.91 122.38 70.94 122.38 2.27 71.40 88.74 65.68 88.74 1.65 54.05 74.72 60.75 74.72 1.3923 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.13 122.30 71.21 122.30 2.27 72.01 88.77 65.70 88.77 1.65 53.99 74.34 60.77 74.34 1.3824 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 119.94 86.78 82.55 119.94 2.23 89.81 71.57 65.72 89.81 1.67 67.33 59.84 60.79 67.33 1.2525 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 119.88 86.85 82.52 119.88 2.22 89.41 70.82 65.74 89.41 1.66 69.82 58.40 60.79 69.82 1.3026 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.52 123.01 71.47 123.01 2.28 89.91 70.85 65.76 89.91 1.67 72.12 55.92 60.80 72.12 1.3427 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.52 123.04 71.58 123.04 2.28 72.58 88.80 65.77 88.80 1.65 61.67 66.87 60.80 66.87 1.2428 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.48 123.01 71.68 123.01 2.28 72.01 88.52 65.78 88.52 1.64 62.84 64.46 60.80 64.46 1.2029 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.33 123.01 71.51 123.01 2.28 71.98 89.04 65.79 89.04 1.65 63.80 60.71 60.79 63.80 1.1830 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 88.05 123.05 72.34 123.05 2.28 72.44 88.51 65.79 88.51 1.64 63.99 59.19 60.77 63.99 1.1931 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 87.60 123.03 72.95 123.03 2.28 71.74 88.79 65.78 88.79 1.65 62.75 59.21 60.76 62.75 1.1632 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.96 122.99 74.02 122.99 2.28 72.38 88.92 65.77 88.92 1.65 61.78 59.21 60.74 61.78 1.1533 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.07 122.98 76.52 122.98 2.28 72.36 88.78 65.76 88.78 1.65 58.92 59.19 61.50 61.50 1.1434 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.31 122.95 77.14 122.95 2.28 72.18 88.84 65.90 88.84 1.65 57.34 59.16 65.34 65.34 1.2135 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 84.95 122.90 75.84 122.90 2.28 72.09 88.88 68.01 88.88 1.65 54.88 59.70 67.58 67.58 1.2536 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.13 122.82 72.67 122.82 2.28 71.99 88.72 68.45 88.72 1.65 54.07 61.49 68.16 68.16 1.2637 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.55 122.76 70.87 122.76 2.28 71.76 88.52 67.25 88.52 1.64 54.10 65.40 67.05 67.05 1.2438 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 85.82 122.71 70.66 122.71 2.28 71.29 88.69 65.62 88.69 1.65 54.12 68.51 64.30 68.51 1.2739 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.05 122.62 70.73 122.62 2.28 72.05 89.03 65.63 89.03 1.65 54.12 70.89 60.71 70.89 1.3240 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.38 122.53 70.80 122.53 2.27 71.23 88.85 65.65 88.85 1.65 54.11 72.35 60.74 72.35 1.3441 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.64 122.44 70.91 122.44 2.27 71.40 88.72 65.67 88.72 1.65 54.08 74.45 60.76 74.45 1.3842 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 86.91 122.35 70.93 122.35 2.27 71.41 88.73 65.70 88.73 1.65 54.04 74.72 60.78 74.72 1.3943 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 5 87.03 73.26 69.38 87.03 1.62 67.01 65.59 77.41 77.41 1.44 56.18 64.62 82.32 82.32 1.5344 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 5 87.00 74.54 68.92 87.00 1.61 67.37 67.40 76.89 76.89 1.43 56.47 66.87 81.60 81.60 1.5145 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 5 86.96 74.02 69.40 86.96 1.61 66.92 67.94 76.20 76.20 1.41 55.98 67.47 80.64 80.64 1.5046 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 5 86.92 71.58 70.78 86.92 1.61 66.64 66.83 75.35 75.35 1.40 55.47 66.40 79.44 79.44 1.4747 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 5 86.81 70.00 70.61 86.81 1.61 67.20 64.11 74.35 74.35 1.38 56.06 63.70 78.84 78.84 1.4648 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 5 86.77 70.47 71.14 86.77 1.61 66.63 60.13 74.46 74.46 1.38 55.63 59.43 79.14 79.14 1.4749 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 5 86.57 70.36 73.09 86.57 1.61 67.01 60.74 74.79 74.79 1.39 56.34 55.71 79.48 79.48 1.4750 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 5 86.58 70.05 74.92 86.58 1.61 67.04 61.40 75.15 75.15 1.39 55.90 56.57 79.86 79.86 1.4851 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 5 86.70 70.33 78.68 86.70 1.61 66.55 62.12 75.53 75.53 1.40 55.80 57.50 80.28 80.28 1.4952 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 5 86.78 70.32 80.48 86.78 1.61 67.30 62.85 75.93 75.93 1.41 56.49 58.50 80.71 80.71 1.5053 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 5 86.80 70.19 80.27 86.80 1.61 66.87 63.60 76.34 76.34 1.42 55.80 59.53 81.16 81.16 1.5154 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 5 86.84 70.32 78.11 86.84 1.61 66.65 64.33 76.73 76.73 1.42 55.77 60.56 81.61 81.61 1.5155 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 5 86.89 70.15 74.04 86.89 1.61 67.22 65.03 77.10 77.10 1.43 56.30 61.57 82.04 82.04 1.5256 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 5 86.92 70.24 68.98 86.92 1.61 67.14 65.65 77.44 77.44 1.44 56.35 62.49 82.44 82.44 1.5357 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 5 86.99 70.42 69.10 86.99 1.61 66.82 66.18 77.73 77.73 1.44 55.88 63.29 82.78 82.78 1.5458 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 5 86.97 70.32 69.07 86.97 1.61 66.60 66.58 77.94 77.94 1.45 55.54 63.91 83.04 83.04 1.5459 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 5 87.04 70.31 69.03 87.04 1.62 66.49 66.82 78.07 78.07 1.45 55.35 64.29 83.20 83.20 1.5460 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 5 87.04 70.32 69.04 87.04 1.62 66.53 66.87 78.09 78.09 1.45 55.31 64.37 83.23 83.23 1.5461 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 5 87.01 70.37 69.06 87.01 1.61 66.53 66.69 78.00 78.00 1.45 55.43 64.08 83.11 83.11 1.5462 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 5 86.96 70.43 69.14 86.96 1.61 66.70 66.28 77.77 77.77 1.44 55.69 63.37 82.81 82.81 1.5463 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 5 86.98 73.30 69.35 86.98 1.61 66.97 65.59 77.40 77.40 1.44 56.09 64.65 82.31 82.31 1.5364 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 85.38 120.85 71.07 120.85 2.24 70.74 78.03 71.31 78.03 1.45 83.38 53.94 71.95 83.38 1.5565 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 85.45 120.81 70.88 120.81 2.24 71.27 77.95 71.45 77.95 1.45 84.00 53.85 72.11 84.00 1.5666 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.50 86.65 81.33 121.50 2.25 98.68 62.27 71.54 98.68 1.83 85.94 53.76 72.23 85.94 1.5967 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 121.44 86.73 81.30 121.44 2.25 98.53 62.33 71.58 98.53 1.83 85.62 53.67 72.30 85.62 1.5968 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.32 121.06 71.10 121.06 2.25 99.00 62.34 71.56 99.00 1.84 84.17 53.59 72.29 84.17 1.5669 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.29 121.11 71.95 121.11 2.25 70.22 77.72 71.46 77.72 1.44 83.62 53.64 72.17 83.62 1.5570 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.24 121.10 72.40 121.10 2.25 70.41 77.79 71.27 77.79 1.44 57.97 54.59 71.91 71.91 1.3371 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.18 121.13 71.20 121.13 2.25 70.68 77.86 70.98 77.86 1.44 56.98 53.94 71.50 71.50 1.3372 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.09 121.15 72.80 121.15 2.25 70.61 77.94 70.58 77.94 1.45 55.84 55.03 70.88 70.88 1.3273 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 83.98 121.16 73.45 121.16 2.25 70.20 77.95 70.06 77.95 1.45 53.74 55.97 70.46 70.46 1.3174 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 83.92 121.16 74.14 121.16 2.25 69.80 77.75 69.71 77.75 1.44 53.81 56.66 70.48 70.48 1.3175 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 83.91 121.14 76.65 121.14 2.25 70.24 77.61 69.78 77.61 1.44 53.88 57.12 70.55 70.55 1.3176 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 83.96 121.12 77.28 121.12 2.25 70.69 77.55 69.92 77.55 1.44 53.94 57.41 70.65 70.65 1.3177 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.09 121.08 75.98 121.08 2.25 70.47 77.58 70.07 77.58 1.44 53.98 57.55 70.76 70.76 1.3178 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.28 121.09 72.82 121.09 2.25 70.19 77.72 70.24 77.72 1.44 54.01 57.53 70.90 70.90 1.3279 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.51 121.04 71.23 121.04 2.25 70.00 77.77 70.41 77.77 1.44 54.02 57.33 71.05 71.05 1.3280 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.73 121.02 70.88 121.02 2.25 69.91 77.56 70.60 77.56 1.44 54.02 57.01 71.21 71.21 1.3281 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.97 120.96 71.01 120.96 2.24 70.01 77.51 70.79 77.51 1.44 79.16 55.41 71.39 79.16 1.4782 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 85.09 120.93 71.01 120.93 2.24 70.08 77.89 70.98 77.89 1.45 78.26 54.97 71.58 78.26 1.4583 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 85.25 120.89 71.15 120.89 2.24 70.36 77.55 71.16 77.55 1.44 80.20 54.03 71.77 80.20 1.4984 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 85.36 120.82 71.09 120.82 2.24 70.78 77.95 71.32 77.95 1.45 83.31 53.94 71.95 83.31 1.5585 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 10 85.93 73.41 71.52 85.93 1.59 57.75 68.66 85.29 85.29 1.58 53.65 67.97 90.89 90.89 1.6986 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 10 85.93 74.73 70.94 85.93 1.59 57.88 67.40 84.73 84.73 1.57 53.61 66.87 90.32 90.32 1.6887 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 10 85.88 74.24 71.21 85.88 1.59 57.33 67.94 83.96 83.96 1.56 54.58 67.47 90.05 90.05 1.6788 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 10 85.81 71.82 72.49 85.81 1.59 57.41 66.83 83.59 83.59 1.55 54.50 66.40 90.05 90.05 1.6789 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 10 85.69 69.37 72.23 85.69 1.59 57.90 64.11 83.67 83.67 1.55 54.40 64.78 90.05 90.05 1.6790 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 10 85.66 69.81 72.26 85.66 1.59 57.49 64.45 83.80 83.80 1.55 54.30 65.02 90.10 90.10 1.6791 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 10 85.36 69.79 74.13 85.36 1.58 57.91 64.87 83.94 83.94 1.56 54.20 65.32 90.18 90.18 1.6792 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 10 85.50 69.32 75.22 85.50 1.59 57.46 65.36 84.12 84.12 1.56 54.09 65.68 90.28 90.28 1.6893 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 10 85.53 70.06 78.96 85.53 1.59 58.00 65.91 84.31 84.31 1.56 53.98 66.11 90.39 90.39 1.6894 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 10 85.68 70.15 80.75 85.68 1.59 57.44 66.52 84.52 84.52 1.57 53.88 66.60 90.52 90.52 1.6895 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 10 85.73 69.75 80.52 85.73 1.59 57.96 67.18 84.75 84.75 1.57 53.78 67.16 90.66 90.66 1.6896 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 10 85.77 70.21 78.34 85.77 1.59 57.56 67.86 84.99 84.99 1.58 53.69 67.77 90.82 90.82 1.6997 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 10 85.81 70.31 74.24 85.81 1.59 57.61 68.55 85.23 85.23 1.58 53.61 68.42 90.98 90.98 1.6998 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 10 85.86 70.20 70.69 85.86 1.59 57.90 69.21 85.46 85.46 1.59 53.61 69.08 91.14 91.14 1.6999 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 10 85.93 70.09 70.61 85.93 1.59 57.60 69.80 85.66 85.66 1.59 53.66 69.70 91.29 91.29 1.69

100 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 10 85.89 70.26 70.98 85.89 1.59 57.39 70.27 85.83 85.83 1.59 53.69 70.23 91.42 91.42 1.70101 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 10 85.96 70.23 70.85 85.96 1.60 57.35 70.57 85.93 85.93 1.59 53.71 70.58 91.50 91.50 1.70102 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 10 85.97 70.15 70.76 85.97 1.60 57.39 70.63 85.95 85.95 1.59 53.71 70.65 91.52 91.52 1.70103 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 10 85.93 70.10 70.54 85.93 1.59 57.32 70.39 85.87 85.87 1.59 53.70 70.33 91.44 91.44 1.70104 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 10 85.91 70.39 71.00 85.91 1.59 57.48 69.76 85.65 85.65 1.59 53.68 69.49 91.24 91.24 1.69105 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 10 85.88 73.44 71.49 85.88 1.59 57.74 68.66 85.27 85.27 1.58 53.64 67.99 90.88 90.88 1.69106 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 85.03 119.13 71.77 119.13 2.21 68.00 75.02 74.74 75.02 1.39 82.07 54.21 76.39 82.07 1.52107 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 85.13 119.10 71.19 119.10 2.21 67.60 74.72 74.81 74.81 1.39 81.48 54.08 76.43 81.48 1.51108 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 123.02 86.37 80.74 123.02 2.28 99.54 53.72 74.87 99.54 1.85 82.07 53.95 76.47 82.07 1.52109 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 123.05 86.52 80.72 123.05 2.28 99.49 53.75 74.90 99.49 1.85 83.19 53.83 76.50 83.19 1.54110 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.40 119.38 71.12 119.38 2.22 67.60 75.02 74.88 75.02 1.39 82.31 53.72 76.49 82.31 1.53111 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.41 119.37 72.56 119.37 2.22 67.40 75.09 74.79 75.09 1.39 55.10 57.92 76.43 76.43 1.42112 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.47 119.42 73.06 119.42 2.22 67.15 75.16 74.61 75.16 1.39 54.00 56.16 76.28 76.28 1.42113 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.52 119.42 71.84 119.42 2.22 66.85 74.99 74.31 74.99 1.39 53.91 57.20 76.19 76.19 1.41114 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.56 119.42 73.24 119.42 2.22 66.63 74.75 74.06 74.75 1.39 53.83 57.93 76.20 76.20 1.41115 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.65 119.43 73.91 119.43 2.22 67.10 74.54 74.07 74.54 1.38 53.77 58.53 76.20 76.20 1.41116 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.80 119.43 74.26 119.43 2.22 67.32 74.41 74.08 74.41 1.38 53.71 58.88 76.20 76.20 1.41117 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 83.00 119.41 76.78 119.41 2.22 66.96 74.43 74.11 74.43 1.38 53.70 59.00 76.20 76.20 1.41118 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 83.26 119.39 77.42 119.39 2.22 66.62 74.42 74.15 74.42 1.38 53.79 59.09 76.20 76.20 1.41119 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 83.54 119.42 76.13 119.42 2.22 67.02 74.36 74.20 74.36 1.38 53.86 59.02 76.20 76.20 1.41120 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 83.85 119.37 72.96 119.37 2.22 67.46 74.37 74.25 74.37 1.38 53.92 58.98 76.20 76.20 1.41121 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.11 119.31 71.67 119.31 2.21 67.49 74.60 74.32 74.60 1.38 53.95 58.96 76.21 76.21 1.41122 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.33 119.31 71.36 119.31 2.21 67.44 74.86 74.39 74.86 1.39 53.97 58.77 76.24 76.24 1.41123 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.57 119.23 71.57 119.23 2.21 67.49 74.54 74.47 74.54 1.38 53.97 58.55 76.27 76.27 1.42124 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.75 119.21 71.61 119.21 2.21 67.65 74.81 74.56 74.81 1.39 53.94 58.09 76.30 76.30 1.42125 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 84.87 119.18 71.74 119.18 2.21 67.94 74.71 74.65 74.71 1.39 53.90 57.52 76.35 76.35 1.42126 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 85.02 119.10 71.79 119.10 2.21 67.94 75.10 74.74 75.10 1.39 82.06 54.21 76.39 82.06 1.52127 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 15 84.60 73.55 73.44 84.60 1.57 53.62 71.82 89.43 89.43 1.66 53.60 73.07 94.06 94.06 1.75128 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 15 84.55 74.90 72.79 84.55 1.57 53.56 69.98 88.97 88.97 1.65 55.23 72.65 94.05 94.05 1.75129 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 15 84.51 74.45 72.89 84.51 1.57 54.92 69.31 88.90 88.90 1.65 55.12 72.65 94.05 94.05 1.75130 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 15 84.43 72.06 74.08 84.43 1.57 54.80 69.40 88.89 88.89 1.65 55.00 72.65 94.05 94.05 1.75131 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 15 84.34 68.98 73.70 84.34 1.57 54.68 69.53 88.89 88.89 1.65 54.86 72.70 94.05 94.05 1.75132 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 15 83.83 69.44 73.36 83.83 1.56 54.54 69.70 88.93 88.93 1.65 54.72 72.77 94.05 94.05 1.75133 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 15 84.00 69.51 75.15 84.00 1.56 54.39 69.92 88.98 88.98 1.65 54.56 72.86 94.05 94.05 1.75134 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 15 84.05 69.01 75.51 84.05 1.56 54.24 70.18 89.04 89.04 1.65 54.41 72.98 94.05 94.05 1.75135 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 15 84.20 69.95 79.25 84.20 1.56 54.10 70.50 89.11 89.11 1.65 54.25 73.14 94.05 94.05 1.75136 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 15 84.25 70.15 81.02 84.25 1.56 53.96 70.87 89.20 89.20 1.66 54.10 73.33 94.07 94.07 1.75137 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 15 84.37 69.89 80.77 84.37 1.57 53.82 71.29 89.30 89.30 1.66 53.96 73.57 94.11 94.11 1.75138 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 15 84.41 70.38 78.57 84.41 1.57 53.70 71.75 89.41 89.41 1.66 53.83 73.85 94.15 94.15 1.75139 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 15 84.46 70.68 74.43 84.46 1.57 53.59 72.25 89.53 89.53 1.66 53.71 74.18 94.20 94.20 1.75140 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 15 84.50 70.58 72.64 84.50 1.57 53.57 72.76 89.65 89.65 1.66 53.62 74.53 94.26 94.26 1.75141 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 15 84.55 70.46 72.60 84.55 1.57 53.63 73.24 89.76 89.76 1.67 53.60 74.90 94.31 94.31 1.75142 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 15 84.60 70.81 72.99 84.60 1.57 53.68 73.65 89.86 89.86 1.67 53.65 75.23 94.36 94.36 1.75143 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 15 84.60 70.75 72.90 84.60 1.57 53.71 73.92 89.92 89.92 1.67 53.68 75.48 94.39 94.39 1.75144 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 15 84.59 70.68 72.82 84.59 1.57 53.72 73.98 89.94 89.94 1.67 53.68 75.53 94.40 94.40 1.75145 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 15 84.60 70.67 72.58 84.60 1.57 53.70 73.72 89.88 89.88 1.67 53.67 75.27 94.36 94.36 1.75146 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 15 84.54 70.52 72.98 84.54 1.57 53.66 73.05 89.71 89.71 1.66 53.63 74.52 94.26 94.26 1.75147 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 15 84.57 73.58 73.41 84.57 1.57 53.60 71.84 89.42 89.42 1.66 53.58 73.10 94.05 94.05 1.75148 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 85.11 117.57 72.42 117.57 2.18 64.64 75.73 76.67 76.67 1.42 53.84 57.45 78.17 78.17 1.45149 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 85.26 117.48 71.85 117.48 2.18 65.15 75.80 76.70 76.70 1.42 53.77 59.28 78.17 78.17 1.45150 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 124.41 85.01 80.49 124.41 2.31 65.76 76.23 76.73 76.73 1.42 81.01 54.16 78.16 81.01 1.50151 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 124.36 85.05 80.47 124.36 2.31 98.17 53.93 76.74 98.17 1.82 80.23 54.01 78.17 80.23 1.49152 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 81.32 117.76 71.79 117.76 2.19 63.99 76.16 76.72 76.72 1.42 54.65 60.87 78.17 78.17 1.45153 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 81.36 117.83 73.11 117.83 2.19 64.01 76.16 76.65 76.65 1.42 54.42 60.10 78.16 78.16 1.45154 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 81.49 117.80 73.66 117.80 2.19 64.30 75.93 76.52 76.52 1.42 54.31 58.76 78.16 78.16 1.45155 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 81.64 117.84 72.47 117.84 2.19 64.56 75.71 76.49 76.49 1.42 54.18 58.22 78.16 78.16 1.45156 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 81.83 117.87 73.66 117.87 2.19 64.27 75.50 76.50 76.50 1.42 54.05 58.99 78.16 78.16 1.45157 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 82.08 117.88 74.35 117.88 2.19 63.96 75.40 76.51 76.51 1.42 53.93 59.11 78.16 78.16 1.45158 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 82.37 117.88 74.37 117.88 2.19 64.07 75.45 76.52 76.52 1.42 53.84 59.19 78.17 78.17 1.45159 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 82.68 117.86 76.90 117.86 2.19 64.59 75.48 76.53 76.53 1.42 53.75 59.24 78.17 78.17 1.45160 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 83.01 117.83 77.55 117.83 2.19 64.31 75.46 76.53 76.53 1.42 53.69 59.04 78.17 78.17 1.45161 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 83.33 117.79 76.27 117.79 2.19 64.08 75.39 76.53 76.53 1.42 53.72 59.12 78.17 78.17 1.45162 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 83.62 117.81 73.11 117.81 2.19 64.10 75.26 76.53 76.53 1.42 53.81 58.89 78.17 78.17 1.45163 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 83.88 117.75 72.16 117.75 2.19 64.51 75.38 76.54 76.54 1.42 53.87 58.85 78.17 78.17 1.45

Simulation 5



(s)Type of

FaultFault





Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 5


164 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.19 117.70 71.87 117.70 2.18 64.80 75.68 76.56 76.56 1.42 53.90 58.91 78.17 78.17 1.45165 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.43 117.67 72.15 117.67 2.18 64.97 75.60 76.58 76.58 1.42 53.92 58.69 78.17 78.17 1.45166 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.70 117.65 72.19 117.65 2.18 65.00 75.55 76.61 76.61 1.42 53.91 58.45 78.16 78.16 1.45167 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 84.90 117.56 72.29 117.56 2.18 64.87 75.80 76.64 76.64 1.42 53.88 58.09 78.16 78.16 1.45168 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 85.10 117.53 72.44 117.53 2.18 64.67 75.80 76.67 76.67 1.42 53.83 57.45 78.16 78.16 1.45169 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 20 83.00 73.70 75.16 83.00 1.54 53.56 74.64 91.69 91.69 1.70 55.88 77.69 95.37 95.37 1.77170 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 20 82.97 75.08 74.45 82.97 1.54 55.56 73.90 91.68 91.68 1.70 55.77 77.69 95.37 95.37 1.77171 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 20 82.88 74.66 74.47 82.88 1.54 55.43 73.89 91.67 91.67 1.70 55.63 77.69 95.37 95.37 1.77172 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 20 82.84 72.29 75.53 82.84 1.54 55.28 73.91 91.66 91.66 1.70 55.47 77.69 95.37 95.37 1.77173 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 20 82.78 68.79 75.06 82.78 1.54 55.11 73.96 91.65 91.65 1.70 55.30 77.69 95.37 95.37 1.77174 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 20 82.22 69.29 74.40 82.22 1.53 54.93 74.03 91.64 91.64 1.70 55.11 77.69 95.37 95.37 1.77175 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 20 82.37 69.47 76.11 82.37 1.53 54.74 74.12 91.65 91.65 1.70 54.91 77.70 95.37 95.37 1.77176 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 20 82.48 69.06 76.01 82.48 1.53 54.55 74.25 91.66 91.66 1.70 54.71 77.74 95.37 95.37 1.77177 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 20 82.57 69.97 79.52 82.57 1.53 54.36 74.41 91.67 91.67 1.70 54.51 77.79 95.37 95.37 1.77178 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 20 82.70 70.34 81.28 82.70 1.53 54.17 74.61 91.69 91.69 1.70 54.31 77.86 95.37 95.37 1.77179 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 20 82.75 70.12 81.02 82.75 1.54 54.00 74.86 91.73 91.73 1.70 54.13 77.96 95.37 95.37 1.77180 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 20 82.85 70.59 78.79 82.85 1.54 53.84 75.14 91.77 91.77 1.70 53.96 78.08 95.37 95.37 1.77181 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 20 82.90 71.09 74.69 82.90 1.54 53.70 75.46 91.83 91.83 1.70 53.81 78.23 95.37 95.37 1.77182 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 20 82.94 70.99 74.39 82.94 1.54 53.58 75.81 91.88 91.88 1.71 53.69 78.41 95.37 95.37 1.77183 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 20 82.98 70.83 74.40 82.98 1.54 53.57 76.16 91.94 91.94 1.71 53.59 78.61 95.37 95.37 1.77184 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 20 82.99 71.34 74.80 82.99 1.54 53.64 76.47 91.99 91.99 1.71 53.62 78.81 95.39 95.39 1.77185 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 20 83.02 71.27 74.71 83.02 1.54 53.68 76.69 92.03 92.03 1.71 53.65 78.97 95.40 95.40 1.77186 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 20 83.02 71.21 74.64 83.02 1.54 53.69 76.74 92.03 92.03 1.71 53.66 79.00 95.40 95.40 1.77187 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 20 83.02 71.22 74.40 83.02 1.54 53.66 76.51 92.00 92.00 1.71 53.64 78.80 95.39 95.39 1.77188 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 20 82.98 70.95 74.76 82.98 1.54 53.61 75.87 91.89 91.89 1.71 53.59 78.19 95.37 95.37 1.77189 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 20 82.96 73.74 75.13 82.96 1.54 53.54 74.65 91.71 91.71 1.70 55.86 77.69 95.37 95.37 1.77190 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 85.47 116.15 73.01 116.15 2.16 62.72 77.57 77.79 77.79 1.44 53.83 59.76 79.00 79.00 1.47191 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 85.66 116.06 72.45 116.06 2.15 63.09 77.56 77.80 77.80 1.44 53.76 61.39 78.99 78.99 1.47192 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 125.58 82.41 80.48 125.58 2.33 62.95 77.39 77.80 77.80 1.44 83.35 54.36 78.99 83.35 1.55193 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 125.52 82.31 80.46 125.52 2.33 97.02 54.11 77.80 97.02 1.80 80.53 54.18 78.99 80.53 1.49194 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 80.99 116.36 72.42 116.36 2.16 62.50 77.52 77.79 77.79 1.44 54.84 63.43 78.99 78.99 1.47195 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 81.08 116.42 73.62 116.42 2.16 62.34 77.33 77.76 77.76 1.44 54.72 62.80 78.99 78.99 1.47196 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 81.19 116.40 74.20 116.40 2.16 62.18 77.37 77.77 77.77 1.44 54.59 61.46 78.99 78.99 1.47197 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 81.39 116.44 73.04 116.44 2.16 62.23 77.47 77.78 77.78 1.44 54.45 58.79 78.99 78.99 1.47198 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 81.62 116.47 74.05 116.47 2.16 62.63 77.56 77.80 77.80 1.44 54.30 59.05 78.99 78.99 1.47199 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 81.89 116.48 74.76 116.48 2.16 62.38 77.45 77.81 77.81 1.44 54.15 59.32 78.99 78.99 1.47200 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 82.18 116.47 74.49 116.47 2.16 62.16 77.32 77.82 77.82 1.44 54.00 59.42 79.00 79.00 1.47201 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 82.49 116.46 77.03 116.46 2.16 62.33 77.24 77.83 77.83 1.44 53.86 59.20 79.00 79.00 1.47202 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 82.84 116.43 77.69 116.43 2.16 62.57 77.20 77.83 77.83 1.44 53.76 58.98 79.00 79.00 1.47203 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 83.19 116.38 76.41 116.38 2.16 62.39 77.23 77.83 77.83 1.44 53.68 58.82 79.00 79.00 1.47204 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 83.55 116.34 73.25 116.34 2.16 62.27 77.32 77.83 77.83 1.44 53.69 58.73 79.00 79.00 1.47205 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 83.91 116.34 72.66 116.34 2.16 62.18 77.27 77.82 77.82 1.44 53.77 58.73 79.00 79.00 1.47206 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.28 116.26 72.37 116.26 2.16 62.38 76.97 77.81 77.81 1.44 53.83 58.75 79.00 79.00 1.47207 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.62 116.26 72.72 116.26 2.16 62.51 77.22 77.80 77.80 1.44 53.86 58.76 78.99 78.99 1.47208 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.94 116.22 72.75 116.22 2.16 62.46 77.40 77.79 77.79 1.44 53.87 58.38 78.99 78.99 1.47209 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 85.22 116.14 72.81 116.14 2.16 62.46 77.28 77.79 77.79 1.44 53.85 58.18 78.99 78.99 1.47210 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 85.46 116.12 73.03 116.12 2.15 62.75 77.47 77.79 77.79 1.44 53.81 59.83 78.99 78.99 1.47211 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 25 81.23 73.89 76.70 81.23 1.51 56.19 77.30 93.11 93.11 1.73 56.40 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78212 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 25 81.19 75.25 75.93 81.19 1.51 56.06 77.30 93.10 93.10 1.73 56.27 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78213 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 25 81.15 74.86 75.96 81.15 1.51 55.91 77.29 93.10 93.10 1.73 56.10 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78214 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 25 81.07 72.52 76.87 81.07 1.50 55.72 77.28 93.09 93.09 1.73 55.91 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78215 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 25 80.30 68.78 76.29 80.30 1.49 55.52 77.27 93.08 93.08 1.73 55.70 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78216 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 25 80.46 69.33 75.40 80.46 1.49 55.30 77.29 93.07 93.07 1.73 55.47 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78217 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 25 80.58 69.61 77.04 80.58 1.50 55.07 77.33 93.07 93.07 1.73 55.23 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78218 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 25 80.69 69.25 76.85 80.69 1.50 54.84 77.39 93.08 93.08 1.73 54.98 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78219 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 25 80.81 70.08 79.79 80.81 1.50 54.60 77.47 93.09 93.09 1.73 54.74 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78220 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 25 80.93 70.61 81.54 81.54 1.51 54.38 77.57 93.10 93.10 1.73 54.51 80.88 95.74 95.74 1.78221 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 25 81.00 70.43 81.26 81.26 1.51 54.17 77.70 93.11 93.11 1.73 54.29 80.92 95.74 95.74 1.78222 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 25 81.08 70.83 79.00 81.08 1.50 53.97 77.87 93.12 93.12 1.73 54.08 80.97 95.74 95.74 1.78223 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 25 81.13 71.51 76.24 81.13 1.51 53.80 78.07 93.13 93.13 1.73 53.90 81.04 95.74 95.74 1.78224 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 25 81.18 71.42 75.96 81.18 1.51 53.66 78.29 93.13 93.13 1.73 53.75 81.13 95.74 95.74 1.78225 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 25 81.21 71.20 76.01 81.21 1.51 53.54 78.53 93.14 93.14 1.73 53.63 81.24 95.74 95.74 1.78226 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 25 81.24 71.85 76.40 81.24 1.51 53.60 78.76 93.14 93.14 1.73 53.59 81.35 95.74 95.74 1.78227 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 25 81.25 71.78 76.33 81.25 1.51 53.65 78.93 93.16 93.16 1.73 53.63 81.45 95.74 95.74 1.78228 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 25 81.25 71.73 76.26 81.25 1.51 53.66 78.97 93.16 93.16 1.73 53.64 81.47 95.74 95.74 1.78229 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 25 81.25 71.76 76.02 81.25 1.51 53.63 78.77 93.14 93.14 1.73 53.61 81.32 95.74 95.74 1.78230 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 25 81.24 71.37 76.36 81.24 1.51 53.56 78.18 93.14 93.14 1.73 56.49 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78231 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 25 81.21 73.92 76.67 81.21 1.51 56.17 77.30 93.14 93.14 1.73 56.38 80.87 95.74 95.74 1.78232 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 86.06 114.92 73.56 114.92 2.13 64.41 78.94 78.50 78.94 1.46 53.81 61.17 79.41 79.41 1.47233 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 86.29 114.81 73.01 114.81 2.13 64.07 79.23 78.48 79.23 1.47 53.75 63.76 79.41 79.41 1.47234 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 126.47 79.20 80.32 126.47 2.35 64.81 79.09 78.47 79.09 1.47 53.67 64.60 79.41 79.41 1.47235 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 126.46 79.10 80.08 126.46 2.35 95.76 54.27 78.47 95.76 1.78 82.32 54.34 79.40 82.32 1.53236 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 80.83 115.13 72.98 115.13 2.14 60.73 79.24 78.48 79.24 1.47 55.13 65.35 79.41 79.41 1.47237 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 80.90 115.20 74.08 115.20 2.14 60.62 79.06 78.50 79.06 1.47 55.01 64.14 79.41 79.41 1.47238 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 81.03 115.16 74.70 115.16 2.14 60.36 78.89 78.51 78.89 1.46 54.86 62.84 79.40 79.40 1.47239 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 81.22 115.21 73.56 115.21 2.14 60.09 78.79 78.52 78.79 1.46 54.71 60.49 79.40 79.40 1.47240 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 81.46 115.24 74.42 115.24 2.14 60.36 78.89 78.54 78.89 1.46 54.54 59.65 79.41 79.41 1.47241 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 81.75 115.25 75.14 115.25 2.14 60.95 78.99 78.55 78.99 1.47 54.36 59.21 79.41 79.41 1.47242 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 82.09 115.25 74.60 115.25 2.14 60.76 79.01 78.56 79.01 1.47 54.18 59.13 79.41 79.41 1.47243 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 82.48 115.23 77.15 115.23 2.14 60.57 78.94 78.57 78.94 1.46 54.01 58.99 79.41 79.41 1.47244 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 82.89 115.20 77.82 115.20 2.14 61.27 78.90 78.57 78.90 1.46 53.86 58.76 79.41 79.41 1.47245 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 83.32 115.15 76.54 115.15 2.14 61.95 78.92 78.57 78.92 1.46 53.74 58.60 79.41 79.41 1.47246 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 83.76 115.16 73.38 115.16 2.14 61.96 78.82 78.57 78.82 1.46 53.65 58.50 79.41 79.41 1.47247 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 84.19 115.11 73.16 115.11 2.14 62.10 78.58 78.56 78.58 1.46 53.69 58.46 79.41 79.41 1.47248 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 84.63 115.06 72.87 115.06 2.14 62.36 78.64 78.55 78.64 1.46 53.76 58.43 79.41 79.41 1.47249 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.05 115.02 73.27 115.02 2.13 62.76 78.93 78.54 78.93 1.46 53.81 58.18 79.41 79.41 1.47250 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.42 115.01 73.27 115.01 2.13 63.29 78.73 78.52 78.73 1.46 53.83 58.32 79.41 79.41 1.47251 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 85.75 114.90 73.29 114.90 2.13 63.94 78.98 78.51 78.98 1.47 53.82 58.60 79.41 79.41 1.47252 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 86.06 114.88 73.57 114.88 2.13 64.38 78.83 78.49 78.83 1.46 53.79 61.24 79.40 79.40 1.47253 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 30 79.33 74.06 78.08 79.33 1.47 56.69 79.80 93.84 93.84 1.74 56.89 83.00 95.75 95.75 1.78254 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 30 79.30 75.46 77.25 79.30 1.47 56.54 79.79 93.84 93.84 1.74 56.73 83.00 95.75 95.75 1.78255 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 30 79.25 75.05 77.32 79.25 1.47 56.35 79.78 93.83 93.83 1.74 56.54 83.00 95.75 95.75 1.78256 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 30 79.18 72.74 78.10 79.18 1.47 56.14 79.77 93.82 93.82 1.74 56.31 83.00 95.75 95.75 1.78257 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 30 78.38 68.93 77.43 78.38 1.45 55.90 79.76 93.81 93.81 1.74 56.07 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78258 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 30 78.53 69.50 76.41 78.53 1.46 55.64 79.75 93.81 93.81 1.74 55.80 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78259 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 30 78.67 69.88 77.92 78.67 1.46 55.38 79.74 93.81 93.81 1.74 55.52 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78260 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 30 78.81 69.55 77.64 78.81 1.46 55.10 79.76 93.82 93.82 1.74 55.24 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78261 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 30 78.93 70.29 80.05 80.05 1.49 54.83 79.80 93.83 93.83 1.74 54.96 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78262 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 30 79.02 70.95 81.79 81.79 1.52 54.57 79.85 93.84 93.84 1.74 54.69 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78263 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 30 79.12 70.78 81.49 81.49 1.51 54.32 79.92 93.85 93.85 1.74 54.43 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78264 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 30 79.19 71.11 79.21 79.21 1.47 54.10 80.01 93.86 93.86 1.74 54.19 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78265 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 30 79.25 71.94 77.64 79.25 1.47 53.90 80.13 93.86 93.86 1.74 53.98 83.03 95.76 95.76 1.78266 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 30 79.30 71.87 77.37 79.30 1.47 53.73 80.27 93.87 93.87 1.74 53.81 83.07 95.76 95.76 1.78267 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 30 79.33 71.55 77.45 79.33 1.47 53.59 80.43 93.87 93.87 1.74 53.67 83.13 95.76 95.76 1.78268 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 30 79.35 72.35 77.84 79.35 1.47 53.56 80.59 93.88 93.88 1.74 53.57 83.19 95.76 95.76 1.78269 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 30 79.37 72.28 77.76 79.37 1.47 53.62 80.72 93.88 93.88 1.74 53.62 83.25 95.76 95.76 1.78270 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 30 79.37 72.24 77.70 79.37 1.47 53.63 80.75 93.88 93.88 1.74 53.63 83.26 95.76 95.76 1.78271 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 30 79.36 72.28 77.47 79.36 1.47 53.59 80.58 93.88 93.88 1.74 53.60 83.16 95.76 95.76 1.78272 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 30 79.34 71.78 77.79 79.34 1.47 53.54 80.07 93.88 93.88 1.74 56.99 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78273 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 30 79.31 74.10 78.05 79.31 1.47 56.67 79.79 93.87 93.87 1.74 56.87 83.00 95.76 95.76 1.78274 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.69 113.86 74.05 113.86 2.11 62.09 80.39 78.95 80.39 1.49 53.79 63.26 79.65 79.65 1.48275 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.93 113.84 73.53 113.84 2.11 62.05 80.53 78.94 80.53 1.49 53.74 64.73 79.65 79.65 1.48276 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 127.24 76.06 77.59 127.24 2.36 61.84 80.44 78.92 80.44 1.49 53.67 65.84 79.64 79.64 1.48277 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 127.18 75.99 77.68 127.18 2.36 95.53 54.43 78.92 95.53 1.77 83.72 54.48 79.64 83.72 1.55278 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 80.81 114.08 73.48 114.08 2.12 61.20 80.58 78.94 80.58 1.50 55.40 67.09 79.65 79.65 1.48279 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 80.86 114.15 74.50 114.15 2.12 61.45 80.42 78.95 80.42 1.49 55.27 66.32 79.64 79.64 1.48280 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 81.02 114.16 75.15 114.16 2.12 61.68 80.27 78.96 80.27 1.49 55.12 64.04 79.64 79.64 1.48281 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 81.24 114.16 74.03 114.16 2.12 61.47 80.20 78.98 80.20 1.49 54.94 61.90 79.64 79.64 1.48282 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 81.50 114.19 74.76 114.19 2.12 61.37 80.32 78.99 80.32 1.49 54.76 59.23 79.64 79.64 1.48283 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 81.84 114.20 75.50 114.20 2.12 61.44 80.42 79.00 80.42 1.49 54.56 59.65 79.65 79.65 1.48284 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 82.24 114.20 74.70 114.20 2.12 61.90 80.32 79.01 80.32 1.49 54.36 59.28 79.65 79.65 1.48285 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 82.67 114.18 77.27 114.18 2.12 61.75 80.25 79.02 80.25 1.49 54.17 58.69 79.65 79.65 1.48286 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 83.14 114.14 77.94 114.14 2.12 61.76 80.22 79.02 80.22 1.49 53.99 58.63 79.65 79.65 1.48287 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 83.64 114.11 76.67 114.11 2.12 62.00 80.23 79.02 80.23 1.49 53.82 58.14 79.65 79.65 1.48288 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 84.15 114.13 73.82 114.13 2.12 62.20 80.24 79.02 80.24 1.49 53.69 57.88 79.65 79.65 1.48289 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 84.65 114.05 73.65 114.05 2.12 62.16 79.98 79.01 79.98 1.48 53.61 58.17 79.65 79.65 1.48290 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 85.15 114.06 73.35 114.06 2.12 62.15 80.02 79.01 80.02 1.48 53.70 58.09 79.65 79.65 1.48291 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 85.59 113.96 73.79 113.96 2.11 62.16 80.25 78.99 80.25 1.49 53.76 58.42 79.65 79.65 1.48292 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.03 113.95 73.77 113.95 2.11 62.14 80.16 78.98 80.16 1.49 53.80 57.62 79.65 79.65 1.48293 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.39 113.92 73.75 113.92 2.11 62.05 80.31 78.96 80.31 1.49 53.80 60.23 79.64 79.64 1.48294 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 86.69 113.82 74.07 113.82 2.11 62.10 80.27 78.94 80.27 1.49 53.78 63.34 79.64 79.64 1.48295 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 35 77.36 74.24 79.32 79.32 1.47 57.14 81.66 94.21 94.21 1.75 57.34 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77296 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 35 77.32 75.68 78.42 78.42 1.46 56.97 81.65 94.21 94.21 1.75 57.16 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77297 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 35 77.25 75.28 78.57 78.57 1.46 56.76 81.64 94.20 94.20 1.75 56.94 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77298 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 35 77.20 72.96 79.22 79.22 1.47 56.52 81.63 94.19 94.19 1.75 56.69 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77299 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 35 76.38 69.22 78.46 78.46 1.46 56.25 81.63 94.19 94.19 1.75 56.41 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77300 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 35 76.53 69.80 77.75 77.75 1.44 55.96 81.62 94.18 94.18 1.75 56.11 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77301 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 35 76.67 70.25 78.76 78.76 1.46 55.66 81.61 94.18 94.18 1.75 55.79 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77302 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 35 76.81 69.93 78.39 78.39 1.45 55.35 81.60 94.19 94.19 1.75 55.47 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77303 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 35 76.93 70.56 80.31 80.31 1.49 55.04 81.61 94.20 94.20 1.75 55.16 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77304 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 35 77.04 71.34 82.04 82.04 1.52 54.75 81.62 94.21 94.21 1.75 54.85 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77305 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 35 77.15 71.18 81.72 81.72 1.52 54.47 81.64 94.22 94.22 1.75 54.56 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77306 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 35 77.21 71.41 79.41 79.41 1.47 54.21 81.69 94.23 94.23 1.75 54.29 84.49 95.64 95.64 1.77307 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 35 77.27 72.37 78.90 78.90 1.46 53.98 81.76 94.23 94.23 1.75 54.06 84.49 95.64 95.64 1.77308 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 35 77.31 72.33 78.63 78.63 1.46 53.79 81.85 94.24 94.24 1.75 53.86 84.49 95.64 95.64 1.77309 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 35 77.34 71.91 78.75 78.75 1.46 53.64 81.95 94.24 94.24 1.75 53.70 84.52 95.64 95.64 1.77310 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 35 77.38 72.83 79.12 79.12 1.47 53.54 82.06 94.25 94.25 1.75 53.59 84.56 95.64 95.64 1.77311 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 35 77.38 72.78 79.04 79.04 1.47 53.59 82.16 94.25 94.25 1.75 53.60 84.59 95.64 95.64 1.77312 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 35 77.38 72.74 78.98 78.98 1.47 53.60 82.18 94.25 94.25 1.75 53.62 84.60 95.64 95.64 1.77313 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 35 77.37 72.79 78.76 78.76 1.46 53.56 82.04 94.25 94.25 1.75 53.58 84.53 95.64 95.64 1.77314 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 35 77.37 72.17 79.08 79.08 1.47 53.58 81.66 94.25 94.25 1.75 57.45 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77315 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 35 77.35 74.27 79.28 79.28 1.47 57.12 81.65 94.24 94.24 1.75 57.32 84.50 95.64 95.64 1.77316 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.01 113.00 74.51 113.00 2.10 57.96 81.47 79.25 81.47 1.51 53.78 63.76 79.80 79.80 1.48317 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.20 112.97 74.00 112.97 2.10 57.90 81.82 79.23 81.82 1.52 53.73 65.76 79.80 79.80 1.48318 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 127.74 73.25 77.33 127.74 2.37 58.18 81.76 79.22 81.76 1.52 53.66 67.14 79.79 79.79 1.48319 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 127.75 73.21 77.43 127.75 2.37 95.02 54.57 79.22 95.02 1.76 84.85 54.62 79.79 84.85 1.57320 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 80.95 113.32 73.93 113.32 2.10 59.40 81.89 79.23 81.89 1.52 55.66 67.81 79.79 79.79 1.48321 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 80.99 113.28 74.89 113.28 2.10 59.35 81.75 79.25 81.75 1.52 55.52 67.32 79.79 79.79 1.48322 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 81.17 113.35 75.56 113.35 2.10 59.09 81.62 79.26 81.62 1.51 55.36 65.37 79.79 79.79 1.48323 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 81.41 113.34 74.45 113.34 2.10 59.09 81.48 79.27 81.48 1.51 55.17 63.22 79.79 79.79 1.48324 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 81.73 113.31 75.09 113.31 2.10 59.13 81.36 79.29 81.36 1.51 54.96 60.75 79.79 79.79 1.48325 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 82.11 113.33 75.84 113.33 2.10 59.12 81.25 79.30 81.25 1.51 54.75 58.93 79.79 79.79 1.48326 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 82.55 113.33 74.81 113.33 2.10 58.77 81.19 79.31 81.19 1.51 54.53 59.27 79.80 79.80 1.48


(s)Type of

FaultFault





Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 5


327 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 83.03 113.30 77.38 113.30 2.10 58.79 81.23 79.32 81.23 1.51 54.31 58.78 79.80 79.80 1.48328 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 83.54 113.31 78.06 113.31 2.10 58.78 81.21 79.32 81.21 1.51 54.11 58.51 79.80 79.80 1.48329 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 84.07 113.33 76.80 113.33 2.10 58.51 81.11 79.32 81.11 1.51 53.93 57.84 79.80 79.80 1.48330 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 84.59 113.26 74.29 113.26 2.10 58.23 81.13 79.32 81.13 1.51 53.77 57.73 79.80 79.80 1.48331 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 85.12 113.26 74.11 113.26 2.10 58.11 81.22 79.31 81.22 1.51 53.64 58.04 79.80 79.80 1.48332 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 85.61 113.19 73.81 113.19 2.10 58.00 81.35 79.30 81.35 1.51 53.63 57.92 79.80 79.80 1.48333 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 86.05 113.19 74.27 113.19 2.10 57.86 81.47 79.29 81.47 1.51 53.71 57.54 79.79 79.79 1.48334 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 86.45 113.07 74.23 113.07 2.10 57.79 81.34 79.27 81.34 1.51 53.76 58.76 79.79 79.79 1.48335 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 86.80 113.06 74.17 113.06 2.10 57.83 81.61 79.26 81.61 1.51 53.78 61.75 79.79 79.79 1.48336 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 87.02 113.04 74.53 113.04 2.10 57.98 81.50 79.24 81.50 1.51 53.76 63.76 79.79 79.79 1.48337 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 40 75.33 74.41 80.42 80.42 1.49 57.57 83.08 94.39 94.39 1.75 57.75 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77338 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 40 75.28 75.89 79.48 79.48 1.47 57.38 83.07 94.38 94.38 1.75 57.56 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77339 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 40 75.20 75.53 79.71 79.71 1.48 57.14 83.06 94.38 94.38 1.75 57.31 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77340 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 40 75.16 73.21 80.25 80.25 1.49 56.87 83.06 94.37 94.37 1.75 57.04 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77341 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 40 74.32 69.62 79.40 79.40 1.47 56.58 83.05 94.36 94.36 1.75 56.73 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77342 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 40 74.48 70.17 79.01 79.01 1.47 56.25 83.04 94.35 94.35 1.75 56.39 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77343 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 40 74.63 70.69 79.57 79.57 1.48 55.92 83.03 94.35 94.35 1.75 56.05 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77344 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 40 74.77 70.37 79.12 79.12 1.47 55.58 83.02 94.36 94.36 1.75 55.69 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77345 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 40 74.90 70.90 80.57 80.57 1.50 55.24 83.03 94.37 94.37 1.75 55.34 85.60 95.47 95.47 1.77346 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 40 75.02 71.76 82.28 82.28 1.53 54.91 83.04 94.38 94.38 1.75 55.00 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77347 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 40 75.11 71.62 81.94 81.94 1.52 54.60 83.05 94.39 94.39 1.75 54.68 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77348 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 40 75.18 71.73 79.64 79.64 1.48 54.31 83.06 94.40 94.40 1.75 54.38 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77349 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 40 75.24 72.81 80.04 80.04 1.49 54.06 83.07 94.41 94.41 1.75 54.12 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77350 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 40 75.27 72.79 79.77 79.77 1.48 53.85 83.11 94.41 94.41 1.75 53.91 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77351 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 40 75.31 72.30 79.91 79.91 1.48 53.68 83.18 94.42 94.42 1.75 53.73 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77352 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 40 75.33 73.30 80.26 80.26 1.49 53.56 83.25 94.42 94.42 1.75 53.61 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77353 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 40 75.35 73.26 80.17 80.17 1.49 53.56 83.32 94.42 94.42 1.75 53.59 85.62 95.48 95.48 1.77354 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 40 75.35 73.24 80.13 80.13 1.49 53.58 83.34 94.42 94.42 1.75 53.61 85.62 95.48 95.48 1.77355 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 40 75.33 73.29 79.91 79.91 1.48 53.54 83.23 94.42 94.42 1.75 53.58 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77356 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 40 75.34 72.56 80.23 80.23 1.49 57.69 83.08 94.42 94.42 1.75 57.88 85.60 95.48 95.48 1.77357 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 40 75.32 74.44 80.38 80.38 1.49 57.55 83.08 94.41 94.41 1.75 57.74 85.61 95.48 95.48 1.77358 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 86.57 112.38 74.93 112.38 2.09 57.66 82.50 79.45 82.50 1.53 53.76 64.74 79.90 79.90 1.48359 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 86.64 112.31 74.43 112.31 2.08 58.45 82.76 79.44 82.76 1.54 53.73 66.79 79.89 79.89 1.48360 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 128.21 70.84 77.18 128.21 2.38 58.97 82.76 79.42 82.76 1.54 53.66 68.71 79.89 79.89 1.48361 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 81.20 112.58 75.47 112.58 2.09 94.37 54.70 79.42 94.37 1.75 85.76 54.75 79.89 85.76 1.59362 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 81.16 112.61 74.33 112.61 2.09 55.86 82.86 79.43 82.86 1.54 55.90 68.48 79.89 79.89 1.48363 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 81.25 112.65 75.25 112.65 2.09 55.80 82.74 79.45 82.74 1.54 55.76 67.78 79.89 79.89 1.48364 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 81.38 112.64 75.93 112.64 2.09 55.83 82.62 79.46 82.62 1.53 55.58 66.23 79.89 79.89 1.48365 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 81.65 112.70 74.83 112.70 2.09 55.87 82.51 79.48 82.51 1.53 55.38 64.12 79.89 79.89 1.48366 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 81.98 112.73 75.40 112.73 2.09 55.64 82.40 79.49 82.40 1.53 55.16 61.81 79.89 79.89 1.48367 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 82.38 112.70 76.17 112.70 2.09 55.53 82.31 79.50 82.31 1.53 54.92 59.23 79.89 79.89 1.48368 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 82.83 112.70 75.06 112.70 2.09 55.48 82.40 79.51 82.40 1.53 54.68 58.65 79.89 79.89 1.48369 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 83.32 112.72 77.49 112.72 2.09 55.29 82.44 79.52 82.44 1.53 54.45 58.56 79.90 79.90 1.48370 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 83.83 112.68 78.19 112.68 2.09 55.34 82.42 79.52 82.42 1.53 54.22 58.25 79.90 79.90 1.48371 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 84.34 112.62 76.93 112.62 2.09 55.29 82.32 79.52 82.32 1.53 54.02 58.10 79.90 79.90 1.48372 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 84.83 112.60 74.75 112.60 2.09 55.55 82.18 79.52 82.18 1.52 53.84 57.94 79.90 79.90 1.48373 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 85.30 112.58 74.55 112.58 2.09 55.98 82.24 79.51 82.24 1.53 53.70 57.45 79.90 79.90 1.48374 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 85.72 112.52 74.24 112.52 2.09 56.30 82.34 79.50 82.34 1.53 53.59 57.24 79.89 79.89 1.48375 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 85.98 112.48 74.72 112.48 2.09 56.68 82.48 79.49 82.48 1.53 53.66 57.49 79.89 79.89 1.48376 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 86.31 112.48 74.66 112.48 2.09 57.29 82.37 79.48 82.37 1.53 53.73 59.93 79.89 79.89 1.48377 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 86.44 112.35 74.56 112.35 2.08 57.55 82.57 79.46 82.57 1.53 53.75 62.74 79.89 79.89 1.48378 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 86.55 112.34 74.95 112.34 2.08 57.68 82.52 79.44 82.52 1.53 53.75 64.73 79.89 79.89 1.48379 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 45 73.24 74.57 81.41 81.41 1.51 57.96 84.19 94.45 94.45 1.75 58.14 86.45 95.30 95.30 1.77380 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 45 73.18 76.10 80.42 80.42 1.49 57.75 84.18 94.45 94.45 1.75 57.92 86.45 95.30 95.30 1.77381 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 45 73.17 75.77 80.75 80.75 1.50 57.50 84.17 94.44 94.44 1.75 57.66 86.45 95.30 95.30 1.77382 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 45 72.08 73.49 81.20 81.20 1.51 57.20 84.17 94.43 94.43 1.75 57.36 86.45 95.30 95.30 1.77383 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 45 72.24 70.10 80.26 80.26 1.49 56.88 84.16 94.42 94.42 1.75 57.02 86.45 95.30 95.30 1.77384 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 45 72.40 70.62 80.16 80.16 1.49 56.53 84.15 94.41 94.41 1.75 56.66 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77385 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 45 72.56 71.18 80.34 80.34 1.49 56.16 84.14 94.41 94.41 1.75 56.28 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77386 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 45 72.72 70.87 79.98 79.98 1.48 55.79 84.13 94.42 94.42 1.75 55.89 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77387 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 45 72.83 71.27 80.91 80.91 1.50 55.41 84.14 94.43 94.43 1.75 55.51 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77388 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 45 72.92 72.21 82.53 82.53 1.53 55.06 84.15 94.44 94.44 1.75 55.14 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77389 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 45 73.02 72.07 82.16 82.16 1.52 54.72 84.16 94.45 94.45 1.75 54.79 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77390 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 45 73.12 72.07 80.70 80.70 1.50 54.41 84.17 94.46 94.46 1.75 54.47 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77391 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 45 73.18 73.25 81.06 81.06 1.50 54.13 84.18 94.47 94.47 1.75 54.19 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77392 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 45 73.23 73.25 80.80 80.80 1.50 53.90 84.18 94.47 94.47 1.75 53.95 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77393 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 45 73.25 72.80 80.96 80.96 1.50 53.72 84.19 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.76 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77394 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 45 73.30 73.75 81.28 81.28 1.51 53.59 84.23 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.62 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77395 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 45 73.26 73.74 81.19 81.19 1.51 53.54 84.28 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.59 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77396 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 45 73.26 73.73 81.15 81.15 1.51 53.56 84.29 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.60 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77397 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 45 73.28 73.77 80.95 80.95 1.50 53.55 84.20 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.58 86.44 95.30 95.30 1.77398 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 45 73.25 72.93 81.27 81.27 1.51 58.10 84.19 94.48 94.48 1.75 58.28 86.45 95.30 95.30 1.77399 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 45 73.23 74.61 81.37 81.37 1.51 57.94 84.19 94.48 94.48 1.75 58.12 86.45 95.30 95.30 1.77400 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.93 111.83 75.31 111.83 2.08 59.60 81.97 79.60 81.97 1.52 53.75 65.98 79.96 79.96 1.48401 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.83 111.82 74.83 111.82 2.07 60.63 82.69 79.58 82.69 1.53 53.72 67.99 79.96 79.96 1.48402 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 128.38 68.77 77.08 128.38 2.38 60.99 81.43 79.57 81.43 1.51 53.66 69.13 79.96 79.96 1.48403 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 81.34 112.09 75.82 112.09 2.08 94.36 54.83 79.57 94.36 1.75 86.51 54.87 79.96 86.51 1.61404 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 81.31 112.06 74.69 112.06 2.08 56.03 83.72 79.58 83.72 1.55 56.13 69.50 79.96 79.96 1.48405 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 81.39 112.15 75.57 112.15 2.08 56.03 83.61 79.59 83.61 1.55 55.98 68.92 79.96 79.96 1.48406 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 81.54 112.16 76.27 112.16 2.08 56.00 83.51 79.61 83.51 1.55 55.79 67.44 79.95 79.95 1.48407 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 81.79 112.14 75.18 112.14 2.08 55.94 83.55 79.62 83.55 1.55 55.57 65.07 79.95 79.95 1.48408 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 82.11 112.18 75.70 112.18 2.08 55.84 83.46 79.63 83.46 1.55 55.34 62.47 79.96 79.96 1.48409 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 82.49 112.20 76.47 112.20 2.08 55.72 83.38 79.65 83.38 1.55 55.08 60.01 79.96 79.96 1.48410 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 82.90 112.19 75.37 112.19 2.08 55.58 83.32 79.66 83.32 1.55 54.82 58.72 79.96 79.96 1.48411 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 83.33 112.17 77.60 112.17 2.08 55.41 83.27 79.66 83.27 1.55 54.57 58.23 79.96 79.96 1.48412 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 83.75 112.12 78.30 112.12 2.08 55.23 83.24 79.67 83.24 1.54 54.33 58.24 79.96 79.96 1.48413 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.13 112.12 77.05 112.12 2.08 55.04 83.23 79.67 83.23 1.54 54.11 57.56 79.97 79.97 1.48414 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.50 112.12 75.18 112.12 2.08 55.70 83.25 79.67 83.25 1.54 53.92 57.29 79.96 79.96 1.48415 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.79 112.02 74.96 112.02 2.08 56.36 83.28 79.66 83.28 1.55 53.76 57.12 79.96 79.96 1.48416 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.95 112.05 74.65 112.05 2.08 57.00 82.94 79.65 82.94 1.54 53.63 57.04 79.96 79.96 1.48417 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 85.06 111.95 75.14 111.95 2.08 57.83 83.14 79.64 83.14 1.54 53.62 58.17 79.96 79.96 1.48418 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 85.01 111.93 75.05 111.93 2.08 58.53 83.42 79.62 83.42 1.55 53.69 60.66 79.96 79.96 1.48419 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.99 111.92 74.93 111.92 2.08 59.12 82.79 79.61 82.79 1.54 53.73 63.34 79.96 79.96 1.48420 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 84.89 111.79 75.33 111.79 2.07 59.65 81.83 79.59 81.83 1.52 53.73 65.97 79.95 79.95 1.48421 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 50 71.19 74.76 82.29 82.29 1.53 58.32 85.07 94.45 94.45 1.75 58.50 87.11 95.12 95.12 1.77422 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 50 71.13 76.30 81.26 81.26 1.51 58.10 85.07 94.45 94.45 1.75 58.27 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77423 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 50 71.10 76.01 81.70 81.70 1.52 57.82 85.06 94.44 94.44 1.75 57.98 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77424 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 50 70.01 73.76 82.06 82.06 1.52 57.51 85.05 94.43 94.43 1.75 57.66 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77425 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 50 70.17 70.64 81.05 81.05 1.50 57.15 85.04 94.43 94.43 1.75 57.29 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77426 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 50 70.32 71.12 81.22 81.22 1.51 56.78 85.03 94.42 94.42 1.75 56.90 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77427 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 50 70.47 71.71 81.31 81.31 1.51 56.38 85.02 94.42 94.42 1.75 56.49 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77428 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 50 70.64 71.39 81.02 81.02 1.50 55.98 85.02 94.43 94.43 1.75 56.08 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77429 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 50 70.78 71.68 81.41 81.41 1.51 55.58 85.03 94.44 94.44 1.75 55.67 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77430 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 50 70.87 72.67 82.84 82.84 1.54 55.19 85.04 94.44 94.44 1.75 55.27 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77431 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 50 70.96 72.54 82.39 82.39 1.53 54.83 85.05 94.45 94.45 1.75 54.89 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77432 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 50 71.05 72.43 81.66 81.66 1.52 54.49 85.05 94.46 94.46 1.75 54.55 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77433 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 50 71.13 73.68 81.99 81.99 1.52 54.20 85.06 94.47 94.47 1.75 54.24 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77434 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 50 71.14 73.71 81.72 81.72 1.52 53.95 85.07 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.98 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77435 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 50 71.16 73.29 81.89 81.89 1.52 53.75 85.07 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.78 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77436 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 50 71.20 74.18 82.19 82.19 1.53 53.61 85.08 94.48 94.48 1.75 53.64 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77437 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 50 71.21 74.20 82.10 82.10 1.52 53.54 85.08 94.49 94.49 1.75 53.58 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77438 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 50 71.22 74.20 82.06 82.06 1.52 53.54 85.08 94.49 94.49 1.75 53.60 87.10 95.13 95.13 1.77439 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 50 71.19 74.24 81.87 81.87 1.52 53.57 85.08 94.48 94.48 1.75 58.77 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77440 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 50 71.21 73.30 82.19 82.19 1.53 58.47 85.08 94.48 94.48 1.75 58.65 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77441 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 50 71.19 74.80 82.25 82.25 1.53 58.30 85.07 94.48 94.48 1.75 58.48 87.11 95.13 95.13 1.77442 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.65 111.50 75.66 111.50 2.07 61.67 80.41 79.71 80.41 1.49 53.74 66.64 80.01 80.01 1.48443 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.57 111.40 75.19 111.40 2.07 62.24 79.57 79.69 79.69 1.48 53.71 68.56 80.01 80.01 1.48444 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 128.56 66.95 77.03 128.56 2.39 62.67 78.69 79.68 79.68 1.48 53.65 69.01 80.01 80.01 1.48445 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 81.20 111.67 76.13 111.67 2.07 94.18 54.94 79.67 94.18 1.75 87.13 54.98 80.01 87.13 1.62446 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 81.16 111.78 75.01 111.78 2.07 56.25 84.58 79.69 84.58 1.57 56.34 70.59 80.01 80.01 1.48447 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 81.25 111.73 75.87 111.73 2.07 56.25 84.49 79.70 84.49 1.57 56.18 69.60 80.01 80.01 1.48448 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 81.39 111.81 76.58 111.81 2.07 56.21 84.41 79.71 84.41 1.57 55.99 68.04 80.00 80.00 1.48449 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 81.58 111.81 75.49 111.81 2.07 56.14 84.33 79.73 84.33 1.56 55.76 66.00 80.00 80.00 1.48450 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 81.83 111.76 75.97 111.76 2.07 56.03 84.25 79.74 84.25 1.56 55.50 63.37 80.01 80.01 1.48451 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.15 111.78 76.76 111.78 2.07 55.90 84.19 79.75 84.19 1.56 55.23 60.73 80.01 80.01 1.48452 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.47 111.77 75.65 111.77 2.07 55.74 84.14 79.76 84.14 1.56 54.96 59.39 80.01 80.01 1.48453 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.77 111.75 77.71 111.75 2.07 55.56 84.09 79.77 84.09 1.56 54.69 58.27 80.01 80.01 1.48454 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 83.03 111.78 78.42 111.78 2.07 55.36 83.87 79.78 83.87 1.56 54.43 57.81 80.01 80.01 1.48455 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 83.21 111.78 77.17 111.78 2.07 55.32 83.75 79.78 83.75 1.55 54.19 57.60 80.02 80.02 1.48456 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 83.27 111.70 75.58 111.70 2.07 56.31 83.54 79.77 83.54 1.55 53.98 57.32 80.01 80.01 1.48457 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 83.25 111.74 75.33 111.74 2.07 57.30 83.20 79.77 83.20 1.54 53.81 57.17 80.01 80.01 1.48458 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 83.15 111.63 75.03 111.63 2.07 58.23 82.74 79.76 82.74 1.54 53.67 57.82 80.01 80.01 1.48459 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.99 111.64 75.53 111.64 2.07 59.09 82.13 79.75 82.13 1.52 53.60 58.63 80.01 80.01 1.48460 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.84 111.52 75.42 111.52 2.07 59.89 80.94 79.73 80.94 1.50 53.66 61.46 80.01 80.01 1.48461 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.70 111.50 75.26 111.50 2.07 60.60 81.06 79.71 81.06 1.50 53.71 64.16 80.01 80.01 1.48462 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 82.60 111.49 75.68 111.49 2.07 61.90 80.22 79.70 80.22 1.49 53.72 66.64 80.00 80.00 1.48463 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 100 57.53 77.64 87.75 87.75 1.63 60.66 88.87 93.87 93.87 1.74 60.85 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74464 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 100 59.50 78.37 87.72 87.72 1.63 60.33 88.86 93.86 93.86 1.74 60.50 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74465 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 100 59.22 78.20 87.73 87.73 1.63 59.92 88.86 93.86 93.86 1.74 60.08 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74466 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 100 58.89 76.57 87.65 87.65 1.63 59.45 88.85 93.85 93.85 1.74 59.60 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74467 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 100 58.50 76.29 87.59 87.59 1.63 58.93 88.84 93.84 93.84 1.74 59.06 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74468 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 100 58.07 76.36 87.61 87.61 1.63 58.37 88.83 93.83 93.83 1.74 58.49 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74469 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 100 57.61 76.72 87.57 87.57 1.63 57.79 88.82 93.83 93.83 1.74 57.88 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74470 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 100 57.11 76.43 87.52 87.52 1.62 57.20 88.82 93.84 93.84 1.74 57.27 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74471 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 100 56.60 76.28 87.57 87.57 1.63 56.61 88.83 93.85 93.85 1.74 56.67 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74472 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 100 56.09 77.00 87.62 87.62 1.63 56.04 88.84 93.86 93.86 1.74 56.08 89.90 94.01 94.01 1.74473 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 100 56.25 76.93 87.66 87.66 1.63 55.51 88.85 93.86 93.86 1.74 55.53 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74474 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 100 56.69 76.43 87.73 87.73 1.63 55.02 88.85 93.87 93.87 1.74 55.03 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74475 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 100 57.06 77.41 87.75 87.75 1.63 54.59 88.86 93.88 93.88 1.74 54.59 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74476 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 100 57.37 77.61 87.79 87.79 1.63 54.23 88.87 93.89 93.89 1.74 54.22 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74477 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 100 57.60 77.27 87.82 87.82 1.63 53.94 88.87 93.89 93.89 1.74 53.92 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74478 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 100 57.77 77.66 87.84 87.84 1.63 53.74 88.88 93.89 93.89 1.74 53.71 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74479 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 100 57.87 77.94 87.85 87.85 1.63 53.63 88.88 93.90 93.90 1.74 53.60 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74480 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 100 57.88 77.94 87.85 87.85 1.63 53.61 88.88 93.90 93.90 1.74 53.58 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74481 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 100 57.83 77.99 87.84 87.84 1.63 61.05 88.88 93.89 93.89 1.74 61.26 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74482 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 100 57.70 77.28 87.85 87.85 1.63 60.89 88.87 93.89 93.89 1.74 61.09 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74483 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 100 57.49 77.62 87.80 87.80 1.63 60.64 88.87 93.89 93.89 1.74 60.83 89.90 94.02 94.02 1.74484 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.46 98.99 77.80 98.99 1.84 64.93 65.61 80.08 80.08 1.49 53.65 68.08 80.18 80.18 1.49485 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 65.02 98.23 77.51 98.23 1.82 65.74 65.76 80.07 80.07 1.49 53.65 62.73 80.18 80.18 1.49486 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 125.45 56.41 77.43 125.45 2.33 66.42 65.63 80.05 80.05 1.49 55.24 60.18 80.18 80.18 1.49487 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.36 109.52 77.96 109.52 2.03 57.75 80.54 80.05 80.54 1.49 58.02 64.37 80.18 80.18 1.49488 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.43 109.53 77.45 109.53 2.03 57.77 80.41 80.06 80.41 1.49 57.87 71.08 80.18 80.18 1.49489 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.44 109.59 77.57 109.59 2.03 57.75 80.09 80.07 80.09 1.49 57.65 75.05 80.17 80.17 1.49


(s)Type of

FaultFault





Vmax/Vnom

Simulation 5


490 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.39 109.55 78.28 109.55 2.03 57.67 79.70 80.09 80.09 1.49 57.37 74.49 80.17 80.17 1.49491 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.29 109.64 77.57 109.64 2.03 57.54 79.41 80.10 80.10 1.49 57.03 72.03 80.17 80.17 1.49492 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 59.13 109.65 77.74 109.65 2.03 57.36 78.73 80.12 80.12 1.49 56.66 69.01 80.17 80.17 1.49493 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 58.89 109.64 78.57 109.64 2.03 57.14 77.78 80.13 80.13 1.49 56.27 66.35 80.18 80.18 1.49494 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 58.61 109.63 77.63 109.63 2.03 56.89 76.68 80.14 80.14 1.49 55.87 63.29 80.18 80.18 1.49495 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 58.27 109.10 78.75 109.10 2.02 56.60 75.07 80.15 80.15 1.49 55.47 60.99 80.18 80.18 1.49496 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 57.95 108.03 79.57 108.03 2.00 56.29 73.74 80.15 80.15 1.49 55.09 59.14 80.18 80.18 1.49497 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 57.74 106.80 78.42 106.80 1.98 57.31 72.40 80.15 80.15 1.49 54.74 58.09 80.18 80.18 1.49498 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 57.93 105.51 77.93 105.51 1.96 58.75 71.21 80.15 80.15 1.49 54.43 58.88 80.18 80.18 1.49499 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 58.83 104.30 77.65 104.30 1.94 60.14 69.99 80.14 80.14 1.49 54.17 59.83 80.18 80.18 1.49500 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 60.11 103.01 77.55 103.01 1.91 61.45 68.52 80.13 80.13 1.49 53.95 61.79 80.18 80.18 1.49501 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 61.53 101.86 77.86 101.86 1.89 62.61 67.65 80.12 80.12 1.49 53.78 64.33 80.18 80.18 1.49502 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 62.75 100.76 77.69 100.76 1.87 63.57 67.03 80.11 80.11 1.49 53.65 67.50 80.18 80.18 1.49503 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 63.74 99.71 77.46 99.71 1.85 64.07 66.46 80.09 80.09 1.49 53.64 69.64 80.17 80.17 1.49504 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 64.51 98.86 77.83 98.86 1.83 65.06 65.59 80.07 80.07 1.49 53.64 68.11 80.17 80.17 1.49505 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 550 56.60 93.06 91.38 93.06 1.73 57.46 91.64 92.56 92.56 1.72 57.59 91.91 92.67 92.67 1.72506 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 550 56.19 95.20 91.39 95.20 1.77 57.21 92.73 92.55 92.73 1.72 57.32 91.91 92.67 92.67 1.72507 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 550 56.09 95.30 91.52 95.30 1.77 56.91 96.73 92.54 96.73 1.79 57.01 92.89 92.67 92.89 1.72508 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 550 56.11 94.30 91.57 94.30 1.75 56.58 98.33 92.54 98.33 1.82 56.66 94.44 92.67 94.44 1.75509 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 550 56.04 91.22 91.23 91.23 1.69 56.23 97.51 92.53 97.51 1.81 56.30 93.66 92.67 93.66 1.74510 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 550 55.84 87.84 97.54 97.54 1.81 55.88 94.29 92.52 94.29 1.75 55.94 91.90 92.67 92.67 1.72511 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 550 55.48 87.95 102.74 102.74 1.91 55.54 91.59 92.51 92.51 1.72 55.58 91.90 92.67 92.67 1.72512 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 550 54.99 87.77 105.40 105.40 1.96 55.21 91.59 92.52 92.52 1.72 55.24 91.90 92.68 92.68 1.72513 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 550 54.50 87.86 106.26 106.26 1.97 54.90 91.60 96.94 96.94 1.80 54.93 91.90 92.68 92.68 1.72514 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 550 54.51 87.88 105.57 105.57 1.96 54.63 91.61 99.16 99.16 1.84 54.64 91.90 94.31 94.31 1.75515 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 550 54.53 87.93 102.54 102.54 1.90 54.38 91.62 98.94 98.94 1.84 54.38 91.90 94.82 94.82 1.76516 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 550 54.45 88.03 97.18 97.18 1.80 54.17 91.62 96.27 96.27 1.79 54.16 91.90 92.99 92.99 1.73517 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 550 54.30 88.05 91.34 91.34 1.69 53.99 91.63 92.56 92.56 1.72 53.98 91.90 92.68 92.68 1.72518 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 550 54.12 88.07 91.40 91.40 1.70 53.85 91.64 92.56 92.56 1.72 53.83 91.90 92.68 92.68 1.72519 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 550 53.94 88.13 91.42 91.42 1.70 53.74 91.64 92.57 92.57 1.72 53.72 91.91 92.68 92.68 1.72520 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 550 53.80 88.16 91.43 91.43 1.70 53.67 91.65 92.57 92.57 1.72 53.64 91.91 92.68 92.68 1.72521 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 550 53.72 88.14 91.45 91.45 1.70 53.62 91.65 92.57 92.57 1.72 53.60 91.91 92.68 92.68 1.72522 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 550 53.71 88.14 91.45 91.45 1.70 57.84 91.66 92.57 92.57 1.72 57.98 91.91 92.68 92.68 1.72523 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 550 57.04 88.13 91.46 91.46 1.70 57.78 91.65 92.57 92.57 1.72 57.92 91.91 92.68 92.68 1.72524 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 550 56.86 88.77 91.42 91.42 1.70 57.64 91.65 92.57 92.57 1.72 57.78 91.91 92.68 92.68 1.72525 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 550 56.57 93.05 91.39 93.05 1.73 57.44 91.65 92.57 92.57 1.72 57.57 91.91 92.68 92.68 1.72526 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 81.62 81.11 79.78 81.62 1.51 62.53 70.70 80.25 80.25 1.49 53.73 67.95 80.25 80.25 1.49527 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 82.58 80.28 79.89 82.58 1.53 64.49 70.28 80.23 80.23 1.49 53.68 66.71 80.24 80.24 1.49528 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 83.25 79.75 79.79 83.25 1.54 65.13 69.15 80.22 80.22 1.49 55.47 64.92 80.24 80.24 1.49529 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.23 95.65 79.79 95.65 1.77 56.23 99.13 80.21 99.13 1.84 56.56 93.95 80.24 93.95 1.74530 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.16 95.70 79.87 95.70 1.78 56.26 99.24 80.22 99.24 1.84 56.28 96.24 80.24 96.24 1.79531 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.13 95.51 79.84 95.51 1.77 56.26 98.68 80.24 98.68 1.83 55.98 96.78 80.24 96.78 1.80532 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.10 95.19 79.96 95.19 1.77 56.22 98.22 80.25 98.22 1.82 55.66 97.02 80.24 97.02 1.80533 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.07 94.67 80.52 94.67 1.76 56.15 97.01 80.27 97.01 1.80 55.35 94.95 80.24 94.95 1.76534 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 59.01 93.97 81.09 93.97 1.74 56.04 95.44 80.28 95.44 1.77 55.04 92.30 80.24 92.30 1.71535 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 58.94 93.12 85.10 93.12 1.73 55.91 94.07 80.29 94.07 1.75 54.76 89.15 80.24 89.15 1.65536 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 58.86 92.15 88.96 92.15 1.71 55.76 91.87 80.30 91.87 1.70 54.49 85.88 80.24 85.88 1.59537 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 60.26 91.08 90.64 91.08 1.69 55.58 89.33 82.50 89.33 1.66 54.26 82.36 80.24 82.36 1.53538 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 62.92 89.93 90.16 90.16 1.67 55.39 87.24 85.92 87.24 1.62 54.06 79.09 82.03 82.03 1.52539 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 65.70 88.74 88.75 88.75 1.65 55.18 84.99 87.23 87.23 1.62 53.90 76.52 83.39 83.39 1.55540 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 68.69 87.52 85.55 87.52 1.62 54.97 82.57 86.39 86.39 1.60 53.83 73.56 82.70 82.70 1.53541 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 71.67 86.47 80.28 86.47 1.60 54.76 80.37 83.42 83.42 1.55 53.83 72.18 80.25 80.25 1.49542 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 74.37 85.41 79.99 85.41 1.58 54.55 79.07 80.30 80.30 1.49 53.82 71.64 80.24 80.24 1.49543 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 76.68 84.24 79.78 84.24 1.56 56.63 76.24 80.28 80.28 1.49 53.81 70.59 80.24 80.24 1.49544 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 78.73 83.13 79.96 83.13 1.54 58.88 74.13 80.27 80.27 1.49 53.78 69.98 80.24 80.24 1.49545 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 80.42 82.05 79.88 82.05 1.52 61.39 72.87 80.25 80.25 1.49 53.75 68.74 80.24 80.24 1.49546 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 81.69 81.03 79.79 81.69 1.52 62.69 70.79 80.23 80.23 1.49 53.71 67.92 80.24 80.24 1.49547 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.83 98.32 91.10 98.32 1.82 54.70 91.89 92.38 92.38 1.71 54.84 92.09 92.52 92.52 1.72548 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.83 101.30 93.00 101.30 1.88 54.59 96.75 92.38 96.75 1.80 54.71 92.32 92.52 92.52 1.72549 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.82 101.82 93.72 101.82 1.89 54.46 101.47 92.37 101.47 1.88 54.57 96.82 92.52 96.82 1.80550 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.83 101.02 93.19 101.02 1.87 54.34 103.72 92.36 103.72 1.92 54.43 99.04 92.52 99.04 1.84551 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.82 98.27 98.62 98.62 1.83 54.22 103.41 92.35 103.41 1.92 54.30 98.82 92.52 98.82 1.83552 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.81 93.24 106.40 106.40 1.97 54.11 100.55 92.35 100.55 1.87 54.17 96.16 92.52 96.16 1.78553 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.81 89.46 111.62 111.62 2.07 54.00 95.21 92.34 95.21 1.77 54.06 92.08 92.52 92.52 1.72554 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.81 89.15 114.07 114.07 2.12 53.92 91.84 98.90 98.90 1.84 53.96 92.08 92.70 92.70 1.72555 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.80 89.13 114.51 114.51 2.13 53.84 91.85 103.32 103.32 1.92 53.87 92.08 97.71 97.71 1.81556 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.79 89.15 113.20 113.20 2.10 53.78 91.86 105.19 105.19 1.95 53.80 92.09 100.31 100.31 1.86557 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.79 89.20 109.40 109.40 2.03 53.73 91.86 104.47 104.47 1.94 53.74 92.09 100.44 100.44 1.86558 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.84 89.31 103.12 103.12 1.91 53.69 91.87 101.23 101.23 1.88 53.69 92.09 98.09 98.09 1.82559 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.83 90.02 94.53 94.53 1.75 53.66 91.88 95.80 95.80 1.78 53.66 92.09 93.32 93.32 1.73560 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.81 89.73 91.11 91.11 1.69 53.63 91.89 92.39 92.39 1.71 53.63 92.09 92.52 92.52 1.72561 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.80 89.41 91.13 91.13 1.69 53.62 91.89 92.39 92.39 1.71 53.61 92.09 92.53 92.53 1.72562 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.80 89.42 91.14 91.14 1.69 53.61 91.89 92.40 92.40 1.71 53.60 92.09 92.53 92.53 1.72563 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.80 89.41 91.16 91.16 1.69 53.60 91.90 92.40 92.40 1.71 53.60 92.09 92.53 92.53 1.72564 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.81 89.41 91.16 91.16 1.69 54.88 91.90 92.40 92.40 1.71 55.03 92.09 92.53 92.53 1.72565 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.81 89.76 91.17 91.17 1.69 54.85 91.90 92.40 92.40 1.71 55.00 92.09 92.53 92.53 1.72566 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.80 93.02 91.13 93.02 1.73 54.78 91.90 92.39 92.39 1.71 54.93 92.09 92.53 92.53 1.72567 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.80 98.31 91.10 98.31 1.82 54.68 91.90 92.39 92.39 1.71 54.82 92.09 92.52 92.52 1.72568 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 82.68 80.54 79.89 82.68 1.53 61.92 71.69 80.26 80.26 1.49 53.74 68.87 80.25 80.25 1.49569 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 83.53 79.50 80.18 83.53 1.55 64.23 70.53 80.24 80.24 1.49 53.69 67.31 80.25 80.25 1.49570 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 84.21 78.91 79.91 84.21 1.56 64.96 69.32 80.22 80.22 1.49 55.60 65.23 80.24 80.24 1.49571 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 56.99 97.37 79.91 97.37 1.81 54.18 109.86 80.22 109.86 2.04 54.46 110.49 80.25 110.49 2.05572 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.00 97.39 79.97 97.39 1.81 54.22 109.78 80.23 109.78 2.04 54.30 109.97 80.24 109.97 2.04573 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.02 97.20 79.95 97.20 1.80 54.24 109.32 80.25 109.32 2.03 54.15 109.44 80.24 109.44 2.03574 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.05 96.84 80.07 96.84 1.80 54.26 108.44 80.26 108.44 2.01 54.00 107.68 80.24 107.68 2.00575 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.10 96.31 81.41 96.31 1.79 54.27 106.34 80.27 106.34 1.97 53.86 103.90 80.24 103.90 1.93576 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.15 95.60 82.88 95.60 1.77 54.27 104.39 80.29 104.39 1.94 53.77 100.62 80.24 100.62 1.87577 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 57.21 94.82 89.17 94.82 1.76 54.26 102.46 80.30 102.46 1.90 53.81 97.55 80.24 97.55 1.81578 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 59.25 93.94 93.29 93.94 1.74 54.24 99.63 80.31 99.63 1.85 53.84 93.64 80.25 93.64 1.74579 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 61.78 92.93 95.12 95.12 1.77 54.21 96.96 85.94 96.96 1.80 53.87 89.44 80.47 89.44 1.66580 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 64.47 91.82 94.62 94.62 1.76 54.17 93.99 89.48 93.99 1.74 53.88 87.03 83.79 87.03 1.61581 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 67.19 90.53 92.79 92.79 1.72 54.13 90.87 90.82 90.87 1.69 53.89 82.86 85.04 85.04 1.58582 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 70.15 89.13 89.44 89.44 1.66 54.08 87.63 89.92 89.92 1.67 53.89 79.88 84.21 84.21 1.56583 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 73.11 87.66 83.96 87.66 1.63 54.03 85.20 86.81 86.81 1.61 53.88 76.97 81.29 81.29 1.51584 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 75.72 86.14 80.17 86.14 1.60 53.97 82.12 81.57 82.12 1.52 53.86 74.74 80.25 80.25 1.49585 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 78.00 84.59 80.12 84.59 1.57 54.48 78.59 80.29 80.29 1.49 53.84 72.71 80.24 80.24 1.49586 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 79.93 83.09 80.05 83.09 1.54 57.15 76.30 80.28 80.28 1.49 53.81 71.70 80.24 80.24 1.49587 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 81.41 81.67 79.91 81.67 1.52 60.30 73.97 80.26 80.26 1.49 53.77 70.24 80.24 80.24 1.49588 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 82.75 80.45 79.92 82.75 1.54 61.92 71.81 80.24 80.24 1.49 53.72 68.86 80.24 80.24 1.49589 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000000 62.83 109.11 103.94 109.11 2.02 54.34 95.61 92.17 95.61 1.77 53.64 94.97 92.42 94.97 1.76590 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000000 63.20 113.79 108.92 113.79 2.11 54.70 104.12 92.16 104.12 1.93 53.65 104.66 92.42 104.66 1.94591 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000000 67.13 115.72 111.50 115.72 2.15 54.61 110.05 92.16 110.05 2.04 53.64 111.76 92.42 111.76 2.07592 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000000 71.07 114.87 111.81 114.87 2.13 54.06 113.27 92.14 113.27 2.10 53.64 116.09 92.42 116.09 2.15593 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000000 74.07 112.65 115.98 115.98 2.15 54.60 113.68 92.24 113.68 2.11 53.64 117.55 92.42 117.55 2.18594 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000000 76.28 107.93 124.12 124.12 2.30 61.07 111.29 94.62 111.29 2.07 57.88 116.12 94.08 116.12 2.15595 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.80 107.90 129.28 129.28 2.40 66.18 106.47 104.41 106.47 1.98 61.85 111.83 104.16 111.83 2.08596 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000000 78.28 107.74 131.25 131.25 2.44 69.82 99.13 111.63 111.63 2.07 64.41 104.78 111.69 111.69 2.07597 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.51 105.14 130.77 130.77 2.43 71.93 92.14 116.10 116.10 2.15 65.48 95.14 116.47 116.47 2.16598 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000000 75.53 100.19 128.19 128.19 2.38 72.45 92.15 117.71 117.71 2.18 65.01 92.39 118.37 118.37 2.20599 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000000 72.87 103.32 122.83 122.83 2.28 71.37 92.16 116.42 116.42 2.16 63.06 92.39 117.36 117.36 2.18600 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000000 69.78 104.92 114.73 114.73 2.13 68.76 92.17 112.26 112.26 2.08 59.71 92.39 113.46 113.46 2.11601 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000000 63.21 104.25 104.08 104.25 1.93 64.81 92.18 105.34 105.34 1.95 55.14 92.39 106.76 106.76 1.98602 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000000 62.85 101.48 100.56 101.48 1.88 59.83 92.18 95.81 95.81 1.78 53.90 92.39 97.42 97.42 1.81603 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000000 62.67 97.17 97.81 97.81 1.82 54.44 92.19 92.17 92.19 1.71 53.91 92.39 92.42 92.42 1.72604 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000000 58.76 92.02 93.69 93.69 1.74 53.59 92.19 92.17 92.19 1.71 53.68 92.39 92.43 92.43 1.72605 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000000 0.00 90.93 90.59 90.93 1.69 53.59 92.19 92.17 92.19 1.71 53.64 92.39 92.43 92.43 1.72606 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000000 0.00 90.93 90.54 90.93 1.69 53.59 92.20 92.18 92.20 1.71 2.44 92.40 92.44 92.44 1.72607 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000000 58.24 94.65 90.48 94.65 1.76 53.59 92.20 92.18 92.20 1.71 53.64 92.39 92.43 92.43 1.72608 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000000 62.78 101.84 96.78 101.84 1.89 53.69 92.44 92.18 92.44 1.72 53.64 92.39 92.43 92.43 1.72609 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000000 62.87 109.11 104.00 109.11 2.02 54.33 95.65 92.17 95.65 1.77 53.64 95.02 92.43 95.02 1.76610 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 83.02 80.06 82.90 83.02 1.54 60.80 73.54 80.26 80.26 1.49 54.60 64.61 80.28 80.28 1.49611 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 84.01 79.01 82.20 84.01 1.56 63.77 70.99 80.25 80.25 1.49 54.52 63.41 80.28 80.28 1.49612 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 84.61 78.22 80.74 84.61 1.57 64.94 69.35 80.23 80.23 1.49 55.51 61.89 80.28 80.28 1.49613 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 91.28 121.98 114.42 121.98 2.26 149.45 241.64 207.90 241.64 4.48 53.64 126.19 91.94 126.19 2.34614 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 91.14 121.83 113.93 121.83 2.26 148.92 241.03 207.30 241.03 4.47 53.64 126.35 90.73 126.35 2.34615 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 90.59 120.92 112.47 120.92 2.24 146.03 238.04 204.29 238.04 4.42 56.32 125.16 88.41 125.16 2.32616 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 89.65 119.20 110.02 119.20 2.21 140.81 232.70 198.94 232.70 4.32 59.65 122.47 84.91 122.47 2.27617 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 88.33 116.73 106.66 116.73 2.17 133.40 225.04 191.31 225.04 4.18 62.33 119.27 80.28 119.27 2.21618 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 86.67 113.57 102.45 113.57 2.11 124.07 215.50 181.70 215.50 4.00 64.26 115.07 80.28 115.07 2.14619 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 84.71 109.78 97.51 109.78 2.04 119.06 204.18 170.32 204.18 3.79 65.34 110.49 80.28 110.49 2.05620 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 82.48 105.44 101.53 105.44 1.96 113.66 191.21 157.37 191.21 3.55 65.58 106.05 85.67 106.05 1.97621 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 80.05 100.66 103.61 103.61 1.92 107.79 177.19 143.23 177.19 3.29 64.99 102.26 91.90 102.26 1.90622 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 77.48 97.02 103.12 103.12 1.91 101.59 162.30 128.28 162.30 3.01 63.67 99.47 95.88 99.47 1.85623 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 74.82 94.68 100.47 100.47 1.86 95.15 146.83 112.82 146.83 2.72 86.94 163.65 97.50 163.65 3.04624 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 72.14 92.27 96.79 96.79 1.80 88.68 131.29 97.28 131.29 2.44 66.13 142.87 96.72 142.87 2.65625 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 73.57 89.89 90.85 90.85 1.69 82.35 116.12 93.14 116.12 2.15 60.42 124.61 93.56 124.61 2.31626 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 76.12 87.51 86.75 87.51 1.62 76.29 102.65 87.59 102.65 1.90 57.77 108.02 88.10 108.02 2.00627 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 78.21 85.33 86.14 86.14 1.60 70.66 90.69 80.30 90.69 1.68 56.14 93.97 80.48 93.97 1.74628 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 80.11 83.25 83.68 83.68 1.55 65.60 80.73 80.29 80.73 1.50 55.17 81.66 80.28 81.66 1.52629 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 81.78 81.41 82.44 82.44 1.53 61.25 76.31 80.27 80.27 1.49 54.77 71.13 80.28 80.28 1.49630 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 83.08 80.01 82.88 83.08 1.54 60.79 73.67 80.25 80.25 1.49 54.58 64.56 80.28 80.28 1.49


Type of Fault

Fault Duration NER Size Va (kV) Vb (kV) Vc (kV)

V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

1 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 54.84 53.69 54.84 1.022 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 54.59 53.69 54.59 1.013 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.004 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.005 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.006 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.007 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.008 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.009 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.00

10 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0011 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0012 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0013 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 54.02 54.02 1.0014 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 54.91 54.91 1.0215 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 54.43 54.43 1.0116 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0017 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0018 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0019 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0020 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.76 53.69 53.76 1.0021 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 54.86 53.69 54.86 1.0222 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0023 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0024 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0025 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0026 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0027 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0028 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0029 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0030 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0031 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0032 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0033 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0034 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 54.69 54.69 1.0135 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 55.93 55.93 1.0436 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 55.79 55.79 1.0437 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 54.26 54.26 1.0138 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0039 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0040 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0041 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0042 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 0 53.69 53.68 53.69 53.69 1.0043 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 57.75 89.64 89.64 1.6644 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 54.24 88.60 88.60 1.6445 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 53.68 88.40 88.40 1.6446 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 53.77 88.49 88.49 1.6447 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 54.24 88.63 88.63 1.6448 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 54.81 88.79 88.79 1.6549 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 55.48 88.99 88.99 1.6550 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 56.26 89.22 89.22 1.6651 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 57.12 89.47 89.47 1.6652 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 58.08 89.74 89.74 1.6753 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 59.10 90.03 90.03 1.6754 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 60.15 90.31 90.31 1.6855 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 61.19 90.59 90.59 1.6856 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 62.15 90.85 90.85 1.6957 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 62.95 91.05 91.05 1.6958 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 63.47 91.19 91.19 1.6959 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 63.61 91.22 91.22 1.6960 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 63.21 91.12 91.12 1.6961 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 62.15 90.85 90.85 1.6962 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 60.33 90.36 90.36 1.6863 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 82.14 53.68 75.00 82.14 1.5264 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 79.32 53.68 75.09 79.32 1.4765 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 76.08 53.68 75.16 76.08 1.4166 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 72.45 53.68 75.20 75.20 1.4067 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 68.49 53.68 75.20 75.20 1.4068 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 64.29 53.68 75.11 75.11 1.3969 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 53.68 74.90 74.90 1.3970 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 53.68 74.70 74.70 1.3971 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 53.68 76.71 76.71 1.4272 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 53.69 53.68 74.66 74.66 1.3973 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 88.09 53.68 74.64 88.09 1.6374 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 89.16 53.68 74.62 89.16 1.6575 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 89.85 53.68 74.61 89.85 1.6776 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 90.18 53.68 74.60 90.18 1.6777 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 90.17 53.68 74.60 90.17 1.6778 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 89.81 53.68 74.61 89.81 1.6779 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 89.09 53.68 74.65 89.09 1.6580 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 87.98 53.68 74.72 87.98 1.6381 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 86.46 53.68 74.81 86.46 1.6082 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 84.52 53.68 74.91 84.52 1.5783 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 5 82.13 53.68 75.00 82.13 1.5284 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.95 96.59 96.59 1.7985 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.72 96.59 96.59 1.7986 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.72 96.59 96.59 1.7987 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.72 96.59 96.59 1.7988 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.72 96.59 96.59 1.7989 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.72 96.59 96.59 1.7990 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.75 96.59 96.59 1.7991 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.86 96.59 96.59 1.7992 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 71.01 96.59 96.59 1.7993 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 71.19 96.59 96.59 1.7994 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 71.42 96.59 96.59 1.7995 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 71.70 96.62 96.62 1.7996 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 72.02 96.66 96.66 1.7997 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 72.39 96.71 96.71 1.7998 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 72.78 96.76 96.76 1.8099 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 73.14 96.80 96.80 1.80

100 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 73.42 96.84 96.84 1.80101 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 73.50 96.85 96.85 1.80102 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 73.22 96.81 96.81 1.80103 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 72.39 96.71 96.71 1.79104 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 70.81 96.59 96.59 1.79105 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 89.18 53.68 78.74 89.18 1.65106 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 86.29 53.68 78.74 86.29 1.60107 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 82.75 53.68 78.75 82.75 1.54108 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 78.57 53.68 78.75 78.75 1.46109 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 73.79 53.68 78.75 78.75 1.46110 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 53.68 78.75 78.75 1.46111 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 53.68 78.75 78.75 1.46112 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 53.68 88.33 88.33 1.64113 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 53.68 85.93 85.93 1.59114 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 53.68 83.18 83.18 1.54115 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 53.69 53.68 80.09 80.09 1.49116 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 95.33 53.68 78.69 95.33 1.77117 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 95.83 53.68 78.68 95.83 1.78118 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 96.06 53.68 78.67 96.06 1.78119 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 96.05 53.68 78.67 96.05 1.78120 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 95.80 53.68 78.68 95.80 1.78121 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 95.28 53.68 78.69 95.28 1.77122 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 94.43 53.68 78.71 94.43 1.75123 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 93.18 53.68 78.72 93.18 1.73124 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 91.45 53.68 78.73 91.45 1.70125 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 10 89.16 53.68 78.74 89.16 1.65126 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81127 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81128 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81129 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81130 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81131 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81132 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81133 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81134 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81135 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81136 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.58 97.66 97.66 1.81137 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.60 97.66 97.66 1.81138 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.69 97.66 97.66 1.81139 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.80 97.66 97.66 1.81140 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.94 97.66 97.66 1.81141 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 79.09 97.66 97.66 1.81142 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 79.22 97.66 97.66 1.81143 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 79.26 97.66 97.66 1.81144 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 79.09 97.66 97.66 1.81145 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.57 97.66 97.66 1.81146 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 78.57 97.66 97.66 1.81147 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 92.24 53.68 79.69 92.24 1.71148 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 89.70 53.68 79.69 89.70 1.66149 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 86.41 53.68 79.69 86.41 1.60150 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 82.32 53.68 79.69 82.32 1.53151 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 79.70 79.70 1.48152 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 79.70 79.70 1.48153 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 79.69 79.69 1.48154 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 79.69 79.69 1.48155 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 89.82 89.82 1.67156 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 87.19 87.19 1.62157 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 84.14 84.14 1.56158 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 53.69 53.68 80.68 80.68 1.50159 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 97.11 53.68 79.65 97.11 1.80160 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 97.24 53.68 79.65 97.24 1.80161 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 97.24 53.68 79.65 97.24 1.80162 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 97.10 53.68 79.65 97.10 1.80163 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 96.79 53.68 79.66 96.79 1.80

Variables Results

Simulation 6


Type of Fault


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Variables Results

Simulation 6

164 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 96.25 53.68 79.67 96.25 1.79165 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 95.39 53.68 79.68 95.39 1.77166 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 94.08 53.68 79.68 94.08 1.75167 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 15 92.21 53.68 79.69 92.21 1.71168 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81169 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81170 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81171 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81172 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81173 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81174 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81175 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81176 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81177 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81178 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81179 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81180 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81181 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81182 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81183 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.57 97.46 97.46 1.81184 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.63 97.46 97.46 1.81185 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.65 97.46 97.46 1.81186 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.55 97.46 97.46 1.81187 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.54 97.46 97.46 1.81188 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 82.54 97.46 97.46 1.81189 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 93.72 53.68 80.04 93.72 1.74190 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 91.57 53.68 80.04 91.57 1.70191 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 88.60 53.68 80.05 88.60 1.64192 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 84.74 53.68 80.05 84.74 1.57193 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 80.05 80.05 1.49194 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 80.05 80.05 1.49195 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 80.05 80.05 1.49196 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 80.04 80.04 1.49197 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 80.04 80.04 1.49198 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 89.41 89.41 1.66199 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 86.51 86.51 1.61200 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 53.69 53.68 83.22 83.22 1.54201 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 97.18 53.68 80.01 97.18 1.80202 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 97.24 53.68 80.01 97.24 1.80203 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 97.24 53.68 80.01 97.24 1.80204 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 97.17 53.68 80.01 97.17 1.80205 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 97.00 53.68 80.02 97.00 1.80206 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 96.68 53.68 80.03 96.68 1.79207 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 96.11 53.68 80.03 96.11 1.78208 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 95.16 53.68 80.04 95.16 1.77209 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 20 93.69 53.68 80.04 93.69 1.74210 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80211 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80212 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80213 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80214 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80215 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80216 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80217 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80218 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80219 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80220 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80221 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80222 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80223 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80224 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80225 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80226 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.87 97.05 97.05 1.80227 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.86 97.05 97.05 1.80228 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.86 97.05 97.05 1.80229 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.86 97.05 97.05 1.80230 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 84.86 97.05 97.05 1.80231 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 94.46 53.68 80.21 94.46 1.75232 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 92.65 53.68 80.22 92.65 1.72233 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 90.00 53.68 80.22 90.00 1.67234 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.23 80.23 1.49235 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.23 80.23 1.49236 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.22 80.22 1.49237 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.22 80.22 1.49238 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.21 80.21 1.49239 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.21 80.21 1.49240 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.20 80.20 1.49241 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 80.20 80.20 1.49242 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 84.90 84.90 1.58243 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 53.69 53.68 81.59 81.59 1.51244 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 96.93 53.68 80.44 96.93 1.80245 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 96.93 53.68 80.39 96.93 1.80246 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 96.89 53.68 80.19 96.89 1.80247 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 96.80 53.68 80.19 96.80 1.80248 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 96.62 53.68 80.20 96.62 1.79249 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 96.25 53.68 80.20 96.25 1.79250 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 95.58 53.68 80.21 95.58 1.77251 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 25 94.43 53.68 80.22 94.43 1.75252 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79253 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79254 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79255 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79256 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79257 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79258 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79259 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79260 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79261 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79262 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79263 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79264 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79265 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79266 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79267 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.37 96.65 96.65 1.79268 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.36 96.65 96.65 1.79269 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.36 96.65 96.65 1.79270 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.36 96.65 96.65 1.79271 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.36 96.65 96.65 1.79272 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 86.36 96.65 96.65 1.79273 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 94.83 53.68 80.31 94.83 1.76274 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 93.30 53.68 80.31 93.30 1.73275 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 90.93 53.68 80.31 90.93 1.69276 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.32 80.32 1.49277 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.32 80.32 1.49278 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.32 80.32 1.49279 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.31 80.31 1.49280 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.31 80.31 1.49281 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.31 80.31 1.49282 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.30 80.30 1.49283 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.29 80.29 1.49284 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.29 80.29 1.49285 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.29 80.29 1.49286 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 53.69 53.68 80.28 80.28 1.49287 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 96.57 53.68 82.50 96.57 1.79288 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 96.55 53.68 81.25 96.55 1.79289 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 96.50 53.68 80.29 96.50 1.79290 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 96.39 53.68 80.30 96.39 1.79291 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 96.16 53.68 80.30 96.16 1.78292 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 95.69 53.68 80.31 95.69 1.78293 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 30 94.79 53.68 80.31 94.79 1.76294 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79295 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79296 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79297 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79298 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79299 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79300 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79301 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79302 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79303 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79304 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79305 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79306 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79307 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79308 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79309 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79310 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.41 96.29 96.29 1.79311 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.40 96.29 96.29 1.79312 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.40 96.29 96.29 1.79313 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.40 96.29 96.29 1.79314 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 87.40 96.29 96.29 1.79315 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 94.99 53.68 80.37 94.99 1.76316 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 93.70 53.68 80.37 93.70 1.74317 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 91.57 53.68 80.37 91.57 1.70318 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.38 80.38 1.49319 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.38 80.38 1.49320 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.38 80.38 1.49321 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.37 80.37 1.49322 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.37 80.37 1.49323 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.36 80.36 1.49324 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.36 80.36 1.49325 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.35 80.35 1.49326 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.35 80.35 1.49


Type of Fault


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Variables Results

Simulation 6

327 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.35 80.35 1.49328 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.34 80.34 1.49329 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.34 80.34 1.49330 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 53.69 53.68 80.35 80.35 1.49331 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 96.19 53.68 80.46 96.19 1.78332 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 96.13 53.68 80.35 96.13 1.78333 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 95.98 53.68 80.36 95.98 1.78334 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 95.65 53.68 80.36 95.65 1.77335 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 35 94.95 53.68 80.37 94.95 1.76336 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78337 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78338 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78339 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78340 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78341 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78342 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78343 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78344 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78345 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78346 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78347 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78348 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78349 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78350 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78351 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78352 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78353 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78354 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78355 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.17 95.98 95.98 1.78356 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 88.16 95.98 95.98 1.78357 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 95.04 53.68 80.41 95.04 1.76358 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 93.95 53.68 80.41 93.95 1.74359 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 92.02 53.68 80.41 92.02 1.71360 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.42 80.42 1.49361 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.42 80.42 1.49362 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.42 80.42 1.49363 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.41 80.41 1.49364 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.41 80.41 1.49365 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.40 80.40 1.49366 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.40 80.40 1.49367 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.39 80.39 1.49368 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.39 80.39 1.49369 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.39 80.39 1.49370 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.38 80.38 1.49371 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.38 80.38 1.49372 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.39 80.39 1.49373 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 53.69 53.68 80.39 80.39 1.49374 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 95.87 53.68 80.39 95.87 1.78375 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 95.77 53.68 80.40 95.77 1.78376 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 95.54 53.68 80.40 95.54 1.77377 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 40 95.00 53.68 80.41 95.00 1.76378 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78379 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78380 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78381 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78382 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78383 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78384 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78385 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78386 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78387 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78388 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78389 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78390 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78391 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78392 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78393 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78394 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78395 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78396 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78397 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78398 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 88.75 95.72 95.72 1.78399 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 95.02 53.68 80.43 95.02 1.76400 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 94.09 53.68 80.44 94.09 1.75401 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 92.35 53.68 80.44 92.35 1.71402 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.45 80.45 1.49403 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.45 80.45 1.49404 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.44 80.44 1.49405 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.44 80.44 1.49406 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.43 80.43 1.49407 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.43 80.43 1.49408 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.43 80.43 1.49409 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.42 80.42 1.49410 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.42 80.42 1.49411 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.41 80.41 1.49412 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.41 80.41 1.49413 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.41 80.41 1.49414 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.41 80.41 1.49415 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.42 80.42 1.49416 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 53.69 53.68 80.42 80.42 1.49417 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 95.57 53.68 80.43 95.57 1.77418 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 95.40 53.68 80.43 95.40 1.77419 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 45 94.98 53.68 80.44 94.98 1.76420 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77421 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77422 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77423 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77424 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77425 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77426 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77427 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77428 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77429 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77430 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77431 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77432 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77433 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77434 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77435 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77436 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.21 95.50 95.50 1.77437 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.20 95.50 95.50 1.77438 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.20 95.50 95.50 1.77439 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.20 95.50 95.50 1.77440 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 89.20 95.50 95.50 1.77441 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 94.97 53.68 80.45 94.97 1.76442 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 94.17 53.68 80.46 94.17 1.75443 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 92.59 53.68 80.46 92.59 1.72444 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.47 80.47 1.49445 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.47 80.47 1.49446 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.46 80.46 1.49447 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.46 80.46 1.49448 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.45 80.45 1.49449 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.45 80.45 1.49450 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.45 80.45 1.49451 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.44 80.44 1.49452 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.44 80.44 1.49453 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.43 80.43 1.49454 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.43 80.43 1.49455 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.43 80.43 1.49456 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.43 80.43 1.49457 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.44 80.44 1.49458 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.44 80.44 1.49459 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 53.69 53.68 80.45 80.45 1.49460 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 95.26 53.68 80.45 95.26 1.77461 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 50 94.92 53.68 80.46 94.92 1.76462 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75463 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75464 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75465 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75466 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75467 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75468 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75469 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75470 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75471 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75472 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75473 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75474 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75475 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75476 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75477 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75478 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75479 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75480 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75481 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75482 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 91.16 94.34 94.34 1.75483 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.52 80.52 1.49484 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 93.97 53.68 80.52 93.97 1.74485 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49486 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49487 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49488 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49489 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49


Type of Fault


V Max (kV)

Ratio Vmax/Vnom

Variables Results

Simulation 6

490 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.52 80.52 1.49491 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.52 80.52 1.49492 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.51 80.51 1.49493 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.51 80.51 1.49494 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.50 80.50 1.49495 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.50 80.50 1.49496 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.50 80.50 1.49497 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.50 80.50 1.49498 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.50 80.50 1.49499 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.50 80.50 1.49500 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.51 80.51 1.49501 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.51 80.51 1.49502 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.52 80.52 1.49503 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 100 53.69 53.68 80.52 80.52 1.49504 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73505 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73506 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73507 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73508 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73509 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73510 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73511 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73512 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73513 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73514 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73515 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73516 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73517 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73518 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73519 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73520 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73521 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73522 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73523 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73524 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 92.61 93.21 93.21 1.73525 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49526 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49527 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49528 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49529 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49530 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49531 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49532 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49533 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49534 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49535 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49536 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49537 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49538 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49539 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49540 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49541 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49542 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49543 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49544 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49545 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 550 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49546 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73547 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73548 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73549 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73550 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73551 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73552 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73553 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73554 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73555 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73556 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73557 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73558 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73559 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73560 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73561 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73562 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73563 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73564 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73565 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73566 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 92.74 93.09 93.09 1.73567 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49568 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49569 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49570 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.50571 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.50572 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49573 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49574 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49575 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49576 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49577 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49578 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49579 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49580 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49581 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49582 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49583 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49584 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49585 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49586 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49587 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49588 0.0000 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72589 0.0005 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72590 0.0010 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72591 0.0015 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72592 0.0020 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72593 0.0025 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72594 0.0030 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72595 0.0035 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72596 0.0040 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72597 0.0045 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72598 0.0050 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72599 0.0055 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72600 0.0060 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72601 0.0065 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72602 0.0070 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72603 0.0075 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72604 0.0080 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72605 0.0085 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72606 0.0090 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72607 0.0095 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72608 0.0100 ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 92.91 92.94 92.94 1.72609 0.0000 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49610 0.0005 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49611 0.0010 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.50612 0.0015 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.57 80.57 1.50613 0.0020 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.57 80.57 1.50614 0.0025 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49615 0.0030 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49616 0.0035 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49617 0.0040 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49618 0.0045 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49619 0.0050 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49620 0.0055 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49621 0.0060 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49622 0.0065 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49623 0.0070 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49624 0.0075 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.53 80.53 1.49625 0.0080 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49626 0.0085 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.54 80.54 1.49627 0.0090 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49628 0.0095 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.55 80.55 1.49629 0.0100 ph-ph-g 0.1 1000000 53.69 53.68 80.56 80.56 1.49

135/138

Appendix C

Overvoltage study � Steady State Voltage Data

Line Length 10 km Zbase 484 Ohm Line Impedance per km (pu)

NER per 1 Ohm (

pu)

S base 100 MVA 0.001676 0.0088 0.023

V base 220 and 66kV

NER NER

Ohm R X R X R X R X R X R X Magnitude angle ( rad) Magnitude angle ( rad) Ohm R X R X R X R X Magnitude angle

0 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 0 0.000 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0.01676 0.23838 0.238968 1.5006 1 0 1 0 0.96476 0.001045 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 5 0.344 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0.36111 0.23838 0.432697 0.5835 1 0 1 0 1.74687 -0.916110 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 10 0.689 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0.70546 0.23838 0.744651 0.3259 1 0 1 0 3.00628 -1.173715 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 15 1.033 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 1.04982 0.23838 1.07654 0.2233 1 0 1 0 4.34618 -1.276320 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 20 1.377 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 1.39417 0.23838 1.414401 0.1693 1 0 1 0 5.71018 -1.330225 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 25 1.722 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 1.73852 0.23838 1.754787 0.1363 1 0 1 0 7.08438 -1.363330 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 30 2.066 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 2.08287 0.23838 2.096469 0.114 1 0 1 0 8.4638 -1.385635 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 35 2.410 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 2.42722 0.23838 2.438902 0.0979 1 0 1 0 9.84627 -1.401740 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 40 2.755 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 2.77158 0.23838 2.781809 0.0858 1 0 1 0 11.2306 -1.413845 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 45 3.099 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 3.11593 0.23838 3.125033 0.0764 1 0 1 0 12.6163 -1.423250 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 50 3.444 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 3.46028 0.23838 3.468481 0.0688 1 0 1 0 14.0029 -1.4308

100 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 100 6.887 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 6.9038 0.23838 6.907914 0.0345 1 0 1 0 27.8884 -1.465550 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 550 37.879 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 37.8955 0.23838 37.89623 0.0063 1 0 1 0 152.994 -1.49331000 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 1000 68.870 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 68.8872 0.23838 68.88757 0.0035 1 0 1 0 278.111 -1.4961

1E+06 0.000869 0.00869 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 0 0 0.017629 0.24707 0.01763 0.24707 0.2476981 1.4995648 0.2476981 1.4995648 1000000 68870.400 0 0 0.15 0.01676 0.08838 68870.4 0.23838 68870.42 3E-06 1 0 1 0 278042 -1.4996

polar rectangular polar

Line Zero Impedance Z0 Total Z1 Total polar Z2 Total Polar

Positive and Sequence Impedance

Z1 Total Z2 TotalNER in rectangular

form Source Positive

Impedance

Transformer Positive

ImpedanceLine Positive Impedance

Load Positive

Impedance

Zero Sequence Impedance K2 and K0 factors

Z0 total polar K0(Z0/Z1)K2(Z2/Z1)

Transformer Zero

Impedance

I Base at 66kv 876

NER NER

Ohm puangle

(degree) A puangle

(degree) A Ohm

0.96476 0.001 0 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 2.965 0.001 2.965 0.000 4.085 -85.938 3578.6 1.000 0 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 0.96476 0.001 -0.03524 0.001 0.03526 -0.02845 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.0637 -1.3857 5 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.064 -1.386 3.362 -0.425 3.602 -61.582 3155.3 0.882 5 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.0637 -1.38568 0.0637 -1.38568 1.38714 -1.52486 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.16264 -2.7724 10 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.163 -2.772 4.206 -0.720 2.880 -44.681 2522.7 0.705 10 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.16264 -2.77236 0.16264 -2.77236 2.77713 -1.5122 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.26159 -4.159 15 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.262 -4.159 5.285 -0.906 2.291 -34.023 2007.4 0.561 15 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.26159 -4.15905 0.26159 -4.15905 4.16726 -1.50798 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.36053 -5.5457 20 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.361 -5.546 6.484 -1.026 1.868 -27.133 1636.2 0.457 20 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.36053 -5.54573 0.36053 -5.54573 5.55744 -1.50588 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.45947 -6.9324 25 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.459 -6.932 7.748 -1.108 1.563 -22.439 1369.4 0.383 25 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.45947 -6.93241 0.45947 -6.93241 6.94762 -1.50461 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.55841 -8.3191 30 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.558 -8.319 9.048 -1.167 1.339 -19.077 1172.6 0.328 30 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.55841 -8.31909 0.55841 -8.31909 8.33781 -1.50377 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.65736 -9.7058 35 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.657 -9.706 10.372 -1.210 1.168 -16.566 1022.9 0.286 35 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.65736 -9.70578 0.65736 -9.70578 9.72801 -1.50317 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.7563 -11.092 40 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.756 -11.092 11.711 -1.244 1.034 -14.627 905.9 0.253 40 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.7563 -11.0925 0.7563 -11.0925 11.1182 -1.50272 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.85524 -12.479 45 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.855 -12.479 13.061 -1.271 0.927 -13.086 812.3 0.227 45 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.85524 -12.4791 0.85524 -12.4791 12.5084 -1.50237 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0941.95419 -13.866 50 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 3.954 -13.866 14.419 -1.293 0.840 -11.836 735.8 0.206 50 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 1.95419 -13.8658 0.95419 -13.8658 13.8986 -1.50209 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.0942.94362 -27.733 100 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 4.944 -27.733 28.170 -1.394 0.430 -6.026 376.6 0.105 100 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 2.94362 -27.7327 1.94362 -27.7327 27.8007 -1.50083 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.09411.8485 -152.53 550 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 13.848 -152.534 153.161 -1.480 0.079 -1.106 69.3 0.019 550 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 11.8485 -152.534 10.8485 -152.534 152.919 -1.49979 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.09420.7533 -277.34 1000 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 22.753 -277.336 278.267 -1.489 0.044 -0.609 38.1 0.011 1000 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 20.7533 -277.336 19.7533 -277.336 278.038 -1.49969 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.09419789.6 -277337 1000000 4.03717 -85.9187 3536.6 19791.553 -277336.572 278041.866 -1.500 0.000 -0.001 0.0 0.000 1000000 -0.5 -0.86603 1 2.0944 -0.5 0.86603 19789.6 -277337 19788.6 -277337 278042 -1.49956 -0.5 0.86603 1 -2.094

polar

aa

rectangularrectangular rectangular polar

Total aK2a2

polarrectangular rectangularrectangular polar

3ph Fault Current I=1/Z1 1+ K2+K0

rectangular

Ph-g Fault Current I= 3/(1 + K2 + K0) * I3ph fault K0K0(Z0/Z1)

Ratio I fault with NER/I fault solidly

earthed

Calculation of a2+aK2+K0

Ea 1 0 1 0

Nominal Phase to Ground Voltage 38105.1 38105.1

Eb 1 4.18 -0.50759 -0.8616

Ec 1 2.094 -0.49966 0.86622

NER Vb NER Vc

Ohm polarangle

(degree) V Ohm polarangle

(degree) V polar

-0.49966 -0.86622 0.96476 0.001 -0.0349 0.00081 0.03491 -0.02319 0 0.0119 -0.0288 0.0119 -0.0003 -0.5195 -0.8613 1.0058 58.9030 38326 0 0.0118 -0.0235 0.0118 -0.0003 -0.5114 0.8665 1.0062 -59.4498 38340 0.9762 -3.1403 -0.9762-0.49966 -0.86622 1.0637 -1.38568 0.06404 -1.38587 1.38735 -1.52462 5 0.4125 -1.1001 0.1871 -0.3677 -0.6947 -0.4939 0.8524 35.4132 32480 5 0.4126 -1.0999 0.1872 -0.3677 -0.6869 1.2339 1.4122 -60.8973 53812 1.5586 -3.6323 -1.3746-0.49966 -0.86622 1.16264 -2.77236 0.16298 -2.77256 2.77734 -1.51208 10 0.6603 -0.7925 0.4636 -0.4702 -0.9712 -0.3914 1.0471 21.9495 39900 10 0.6604 -0.7923 0.4637 -0.4702 -0.9634 1.3364 1.6474 -54.2139 62776 2.1444 -3.5950 -1.9278-0.49966 -0.86622 1.26159 -4.15905 0.26193 -4.15924 4.16748 -1.5079 15 0.7884 -0.6022 0.6497 -0.4466 -1.1573 -0.4150 1.2295 19.7251 46849 15 0.7885 -0.6021 0.6498 -0.4466 -1.1495 1.3128 1.7449 -48.7959 66491 2.4669 -3.5115 -2.3000-0.49966 -0.86622 1.36053 -5.54573 0.36087 -5.54592 5.55765 -1.50582 20 0.8570 -0.4799 0.7602 -0.3957 -1.2678 -0.4659 1.3507 20.1784 51470 20 0.8571 -0.4798 0.7603 -0.3956 -1.2599 1.2619 1.7832 -45.0435 67949 2.6418 -3.4452 -2.5209-0.49966 -0.86622 1.45947 -6.93241 0.45981 -6.9326 6.94784 -1.50457 25 0.8967 -0.3967 0.8271 -0.3465 -1.3347 -0.5151 1.4307 21.1042 54515 25 0.8968 -0.3966 0.8271 -0.3464 -1.3268 1.2127 1.7975 -42.4265 68493 2.7432 -3.3964 -2.6546-0.49966 -0.86622 1.55841 -8.31909 0.55876 -8.31929 8.33803 -1.50373 30 0.9215 -0.3372 0.8696 -0.3048 -1.3772 -0.5568 1.4855 22.0118 56604 30 0.9215 -0.3371 0.8696 -0.3048 -1.3693 1.1710 1.8018 -40.5374 68656 2.8062 -3.3600 -2.7396-0.49966 -0.86622 1.65736 -9.70578 0.6577 -9.70597 9.72823 -1.50314 35 0.9379 -0.2927 0.8980 -0.2707 -1.4056 -0.5909 1.5248 22.8026 58102 35 0.9379 -0.2927 0.8980 -0.2706 -1.3977 1.1369 1.8017 -39.1243 68653 2.8479 -3.3322 -2.7963-0.49966 -0.86622 1.7563 -11.0925 0.75664 -11.0927 11.1184 -1.50269 40 0.9494 -0.2584 0.9178 -0.2426 -1.4254 -0.6190 1.5540 23.4720 59216 40 0.9494 -0.2584 0.9179 -0.2426 -1.4175 1.1088 1.7997 -38.0337 68577 2.8769 -3.3105 -2.8360-0.49966 -0.86622 1.85524 -12.4791 0.85558 -12.4793 12.5086 -1.50234 45 0.9577 -0.2312 0.9322 -0.2195 -1.4398 -0.6421 1.5765 24.0366 60073 45 0.9577 -0.2312 0.9322 -0.2194 -1.4319 1.0857 1.7969 -37.1695 68472 2.8978 -3.2930 -2.8647-0.49966 -0.86622 1.95419 -13.8658 0.95453 -13.866 13.8988 -1.50207 50 0.9639 -0.2091 0.9429 -0.2001 -1.4505 -0.6615 1.5943 24.5152 60749 50 0.9640 -0.2091 0.9430 -0.2001 -1.4426 1.0663 1.7939 -36.4695 68357 2.9135 -3.2788 -2.8861-0.49966 -0.86622 2.94362 -27.7327 1.94396 -27.7328 27.8009 -1.50081 100 0.9869 -0.1064 0.9813 -0.1048 -1.4889 -0.7568 1.6702 26.9425 63642 100 0.9869 -0.1064 0.9813 -0.1048 -1.4810 0.9711 1.7709 -33.2523 67482 2.9700 -3.2117 -2.9627-0.49966 -0.86622 11.8485 -152.534 10.8488 -152.534 152.92 -1.49979 550 0.9984 -0.0195 0.9982 -0.0195 -1.5058 -0.8421 1.7253 29.2149 65742 550 0.9984 -0.0195 0.9982 -0.0195 -1.4979 0.8857 1.7402 -30.5966 66309 2.9967 -3.1540 -2.9965-0.49966 -0.86622 20.7533 -277.336 19.7537 -277.336 278.038 -1.49969 1000 0.9992 -0.0108 0.9991 -0.0107 -1.5067 -0.8509 1.7304 29.4538 65935 1000 0.9992 -0.0108 0.9991 -0.0107 -1.4988 0.8770 1.7365 -30.3328 66169 2.9983 -3.1482 -2.9982-0.49966 -0.86622 19789.6 -277337 19788.6 -277337 278042 -1.49956 1000000 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 -1.5076 -0.8616 1.7364 29.7479 66167 1000000 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 -1.4997 0.8662 1.7319 -30.0116 65993 3.0000 -3.1410 -3.0000

polar

Vb= Eb- a2+aK2+K0/1+K2+K0 ratio a+a2K2+K0/1+K2+K0

polar rectangular rectangular rectangular rectangular

Vc= Eb- a+a2K2+K0/1+K2+K0 V residual= (-3Ko/ ( 1 + K2 +K0 )) * E aTotal ratio a2+aK2+K0/1+K2+K0

rectangular polarrectangular

2K2 K0

rectangular

Calculation of a+a2K2+K0 Voltage Phase b to ground Voltage Phase C to Ground Results Check using V Residual

rectangular

Ea 1 1.5708 3.3E-07 1Eb 1 -0.5236 0.86603 -0.5

Ec 1 3.66519 -0.86603 -0.5

Max ph g Overvoltage ( between Vb

and Vc)

Maximum Overvoltage also considering ph-

ph-g fault

Maximum Peak

Overvoltage NER

rectangular V V V V Ohm

-0.0013 0.0547 -0.0065 1.0000 0.0000 0.9648 0.0010 0.9648 0.0010 0.9648 0.0007 0.9880 90.0203 37646.7024 38340 38340 54221 1.006 00.7345 0.0069 -0.0055 1.0000 0.0000 1.0637 -1.3857 1.7469 -0.9161 1.0637 -0.7251 1.2541 79.0571 47789.2963 53812 53812 76102 1.412 50.9393 0.0068 -0.0057 1.0000 0.0000 1.1626 -2.7724 3.0063 -1.1737 1.1626 -1.0306 1.3949 81.7997 53154.2978 62776 62776 88778 1.647 100.8919 0.0068 -0.0060 1.0000 0.0000 1.2616 -4.1590 4.3462 -1.2763 1.2616 -1.1702 1.4434 83.9190 54999.4013 66491 66491 94032 1.745 150.7898 0.0068 -0.0061 1.0000 0.0000 1.3605 -5.5457 5.7102 -1.3302 1.3605 -1.2471 1.4643 85.2381 55796.3006 67949 67949 96094 1.783 200.6914 0.0069 -0.0062 1.0000 0.0000 1.4595 -6.9324 7.0844 -1.3633 1.4595 -1.2953 1.4751 86.1056 56208.4320 68493 68493 96864 1.797 250.6081 0.0069 -0.0062 1.0000 0.0000 1.5584 -8.3191 8.4638 -1.3856 1.5584 -1.3282 1.4814 86.7125 56449.5970 68656 68656 97094 1.802 300.5397 0.0070 -0.0063 1.0000 0.0000 1.6574 -9.7058 9.8463 -1.4017 1.6574 -1.3521 1.4855 87.1586 56603.5841 68653 68653 97090 1.802 350.4836 0.0070 -0.0063 1.0000 0.0000 1.7563 -11.0925 11.2306 -1.4138 1.7563 -1.3701 1.4882 87.4995 56708.4272 68577 68577 96983 1.800 400.4372 0.0070 -0.0063 1.0000 0.0000 1.8552 -12.4791 12.6163 -1.4232 1.8552 -1.3843 1.4902 87.7681 56783.3931 68472 68472 96834 1.797 450.3985 0.0070 -0.0063 1.0000 0.0000 1.9542 -13.8658 14.0029 -1.4308 1.9542 -1.3956 1.4916 87.9850 56839.0980 68357 68357 96672 1.794 500.2079 0.0071 -0.0064 1.0000 0.0000 2.9436 -27.7327 27.8884 -1.4650 2.9436 -1.4473 1.4969 88.9805 57040.6880 67482 67482 95434 1.771 1000.0372 0.0072 -0.0064 1.0000 0.0000 11.8485 -152.5341 152.9936 -1.4933 11.8485 -1.4900 1.4996 89.8133 57142.9107 66309 66309 93775 1.740 5500.0197 0.0072 -0.0064 1.0000 0.0000 20.7533 -277.3356 278.1110 -1.4961 20.7533 -1.4943 1.4998 89.8973 57149.9176 66169 66169 93577 1.736 1000-0.0018 0.0073 -0.0064 1.0000 0.0000 19789.5528 -277336.5716 ########## -1.4996 19789.5528 -1.4996 1.5000 89.9999 57157.6693 66167 66167 93574 1.736 1000000

Check:V Residual -VB-VC= 0

polarpolarrectangular

K2K0 Va=3 K2 K0/ (K2 + K0 + K2 K0)

rectangularrectangular rectangular

V residual= (-3Ko/ ( 1 + K2 +K0 )) * E a

Ratio Overvoltage/Nominal Voltage

Voltage FactorCalculation of Overvoltage Va during Phase b to Phase c to Ground FaultResults Check using V Residual

K2 K0

136/138

Appendix D

Overvoltage Study- PSCAD Model

FDelay

FaultType

ENAB

FStart

D +

F

+FDelay

FltTime

Va

Vb

Vc

A

B Compar-ator

FltTime

TIME

mrunout.out

Va

Vb

Vc

Max

C

D

E

Vmax

| X |

| X |

| X |

Vmax

FaultType

TimedFaultLogic

Is

Vs

MultipleRun

Ch. 1

Ch. 2

Ch. 3

V1

V2

V3

V4Ch. 4

Meas-Enab

.

.

.

PSCAD Software- System Model-Leonardo Torelli- RMIT UniversityAnalysis and Protection of Subtransmission Systems Using Neutral Earth Resistor

Vs

1

2

3

VA

1

FLAT230T

#1 #2RL

FaultDuration

Fault Type

#NaN

0 12

Control

FaultDuration

#NaN

0.1 0.1

Resis

Fault Moni...

Resis

#NaN

0 1e+006

Res

is

+

Faul...

0.4

0

Initial Faul...

0.4

s


Tim... 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 ... ... ...

-1.00

-0.75

-0.50

-0.25

0.00 0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Cur

rent

(kA

)

Is

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

Vol

tage

(kV

)

Vs

P+jQ

137/138

Appendix E

Voltage and Current as function of SIR

Vb 66000.000Vb 220000.000Sb 100000000.000Zb 43.560Zb 484.000I 886.054

Tx Length Zs Total Zl Total Tx Zs Total Zl Total Ifault 3Phase I1/I3Ohm pu pu R pu X pu km pu pu Ohm pu pu Ohm pu pu pu pu pu pu pu4.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.150 0.071 6.300 6.417 1.019 0.185 4.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 2.000 0.046 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.288 0.071 6.300 4.957 0.787 0.149 5.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 4.000 0.092 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.425 0.071 6.300 4.038 0.641 0.125 7.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 6.000 0.138 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.563 0.071 6.300 3.406 0.541 0.107 8.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 8.000 0.184 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.701 0.071 6.300 2.946 0.468 0.094 9.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 10.000 0.230 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.839 0.071 6.300 2.595 0.412 0.084 10.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 12.000 0.275 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.976 0.071 6.300 2.319 0.368 0.076 12.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 14.000 0.321 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.114 0.071 6.300 2.095 0.333 0.069 13.54.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 16.000 0.367 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.252 0.071 6.300 1.912 0.303 0.063 14.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 18.000 0.413 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.390 0.071 6.300 1.757 0.279 0.058 16.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 20.000 0.459 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.527 0.071 6.300 1.626 0.258 0.054 17.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 22.000 0.505 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.665 0.071 6.300 1.513 0.240 0.051 18.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 24.000 0.551 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.803 0.071 6.300 1.415 0.225 0.048 20.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 26.000 0.597 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.941 0.071 6.300 1.329 0.211 0.045 21.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 28.000 0.643 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.078 0.071 6.300 1.252 0.199 0.042 22.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 30.000 0.689 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.216 0.071 6.300 1.184 0.188 0.040 23.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 32.000 0.735 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.354 0.071 6.300 1.123 0.178 0.038 25.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 34.000 0.781 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.492 0.071 6.300 1.068 0.170 0.036 26.54.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 36.000 0.826 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.629 0.071 6.300 1.018 0.162 0.035 27.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 38.000 0.872 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.767 0.071 6.300 0.973 0.154 0.033 29.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 40.000 0.918 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.905 0.071 6.300 0.931 0.148 0.032 30.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 42.000 0.964 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.043 0.071 6.300 0.893 0.142 0.031 31.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 44.000 1.010 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.180 0.071 6.300 0.858 0.136 0.029 33.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 46.000 1.056 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.318 0.071 6.300 0.825 0.131 0.028 34.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 48.000 1.102 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.456 0.071 6.300 0.795 0.126 0.027 35.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 50.000 1.148 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.594 0.071 6.300 0.767 0.122 0.026 36.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 52.000 1.194 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.731 0.071 6.300 0.741 0.118 0.026 38.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 54.000 1.240 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.869 0.071 6.300 0.717 0.114 0.025 39.54.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 56.000 1.286 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.007 0.071 6.300 0.694 0.110 0.024 40.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 58.000 1.331 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.144 0.071 6.300 0.672 0.107 0.023 42.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 60.000 1.377 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.282 0.071 6.300 0.652 0.104 0.023 43.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 62.000 1.423 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.420 0.071 6.300 0.633 0.101 0.022 44.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 64.000 1.469 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.558 0.071 6.300 0.615 0.098 0.021 46.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 66.000 1.515 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.695 0.071 6.300 0.598 0.095 0.021 47.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 2.000 0.159 0.018 68.000 1.561 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.833 0.071 6.300 0.582 0.092 0.020 48.6

Tx Length Zs Total Zl Total Tx Zs Total Zl Total Ifault 3Phase I1/I3Ohm pu pu R pu X pu km pu pu Ohm pu pu Ohm pu pu pu pu pu pu pu4.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.150 0.177 6.300 6.417 1.019 0.362 1.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 2.000 0.046 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.288 0.177 6.300 4.957 0.787 0.305 2.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 4.000 0.092 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.425 0.177 6.300 4.038 0.641 0.263 2.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 6.000 0.138 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.563 0.177 6.300 3.406 0.541 0.231 3.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 8.000 0.184 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.701 0.177 6.300 2.946 0.468 0.207 3.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 10.000 0.230 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.839 0.177 6.300 2.595 0.412 0.187 4.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 12.000 0.275 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.976 0.177 6.300 2.319 0.368 0.170 4.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 14.000 0.321 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.114 0.177 6.300 2.095 0.333 0.156 5.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 16.000 0.367 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.252 0.177 6.300 1.912 0.303 0.145 5.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 18.000 0.413 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.390 0.177 6.300 1.757 0.279 0.134 6.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 20.000 0.459 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.527 0.177 6.300 1.626 0.258 0.126 7.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 22.000 0.505 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.665 0.177 6.300 1.513 0.240 0.118 7.54.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 24.000 0.551 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.803 0.177 6.300 1.415 0.225 0.111 8.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 26.000 0.597 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.941 0.177 6.300 1.329 0.211 0.105 8.5

Line

Vrelay SIR

Z1 Z0I fault Vrelay SIRSource Line NER

I faultLineZ1 Z0

Source NER Line

4.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 28.000 0.643 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.078 0.177 6.300 1.252 0.199 0.100 9.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 30.000 0.689 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.216 0.177 6.300 1.184 0.188 0.095 9.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 32.000 0.735 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.354 0.177 6.300 1.123 0.178 0.090 10.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 34.000 0.781 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.492 0.177 6.300 1.068 0.170 0.086 10.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 36.000 0.826 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.629 0.177 6.300 1.018 0.162 0.083 11.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 38.000 0.872 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.767 0.177 6.300 0.973 0.154 0.079 11.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 40.000 0.918 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.905 0.177 6.300 0.931 0.148 0.076 12.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 42.000 0.964 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.043 0.177 6.300 0.893 0.142 0.073 12.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 44.000 1.010 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.180 0.177 6.300 0.858 0.136 0.070 13.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 46.000 1.056 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.318 0.177 6.300 0.825 0.131 0.068 13.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 48.000 1.102 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.456 0.177 6.300 0.795 0.126 0.066 14.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 50.000 1.148 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.594 0.177 6.300 0.767 0.122 0.063 14.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 52.000 1.194 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.731 0.177 6.300 0.741 0.118 0.061 15.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 54.000 1.240 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.869 0.177 6.300 0.717 0.114 0.060 15.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 56.000 1.286 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.007 0.177 6.300 0.694 0.110 0.058 16.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 58.000 1.331 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.144 0.177 6.300 0.672 0.107 0.056 16.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 60.000 1.377 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.282 0.177 6.300 0.652 0.104 0.055 17.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 62.000 1.423 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.420 0.177 6.300 0.633 0.101 0.053 17.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 64.000 1.469 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.558 0.177 6.300 0.615 0.098 0.052 18.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 66.000 1.515 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.695 0.177 6.300 0.598 0.095 0.050 18.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 5.000 0.159 0.044 68.000 1.561 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.833 0.177 6.300 0.582 0.092 0.049 19.4

Tx Length Zs Total Zl Total Tx Zs Total Zl Total Ifault 3Phase I1/I3Ohm pu pu R pu X pu km pu pu Ohm pu pu Ohm pu pu pu pu pu pu pu4.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.150 0.354 6.300 6.417 1.019 0.531 0.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 2.000 0.046 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.288 0.354 6.300 4.957 0.787 0.467 1.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 4.000 0.092 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.425 0.354 6.300 4.038 0.641 0.416 1.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 6.000 0.138 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.563 0.354 6.300 3.406 0.541 0.376 1.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 8.000 0.184 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.701 0.354 6.300 2.946 0.468 0.342 1.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 10.000 0.230 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.839 0.354 6.300 2.595 0.412 0.314 2.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 12.000 0.275 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 0.976 0.354 6.300 2.319 0.368 0.291 2.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 14.000 0.321 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.114 0.354 6.300 2.095 0.333 0.270 2.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 16.000 0.367 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.252 0.354 6.300 1.912 0.303 0.253 3.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 18.000 0.413 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.390 0.354 6.300 1.757 0.279 0.237 3.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 20.000 0.459 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.527 0.354 6.300 1.626 0.258 0.223 3.54.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 22.000 0.505 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.665 0.354 6.300 1.513 0.240 0.211 3.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 24.000 0.551 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.803 0.354 6.300 1.415 0.225 0.200 4.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 26.000 0.597 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 1.941 0.354 6.300 1.329 0.211 0.190 4.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 28.000 0.643 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.078 0.354 6.300 1.252 0.199 0.181 4.54.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 30.000 0.689 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.216 0.354 6.300 1.184 0.188 0.173 4.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 32.000 0.735 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.354 0.354 6.300 1.123 0.178 0.166 5.04.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 34.000 0.781 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.492 0.354 6.300 1.068 0.170 0.159 5.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 36.000 0.826 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.629 0.354 6.300 1.018 0.162 0.153 5.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 38.000 0.872 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.767 0.354 6.300 0.973 0.154 0.147 5.84.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 40.000 0.918 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 2.905 0.354 6.300 0.931 0.148 0.141 6.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 42.000 0.964 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.043 0.354 6.300 0.893 0.142 0.136 6.34.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 44.000 1.010 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.180 0.354 6.300 0.858 0.136 0.132 6.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 46.000 1.056 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.318 0.354 6.300 0.825 0.131 0.127 6.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 48.000 1.102 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.456 0.354 6.300 0.795 0.126 0.123 7.14.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 50.000 1.148 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.594 0.354 6.300 0.767 0.122 0.119 7.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 52.000 1.194 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.731 0.354 6.300 0.741 0.118 0.116 7.64.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 54.000 1.240 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 3.869 0.354 6.300 0.717 0.114 0.112 7.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 56.000 1.286 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.007 0.354 6.300 0.694 0.110 0.109 8.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 58.000 1.331 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.144 0.354 6.300 0.672 0.107 0.106 8.44.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 60.000 1.377 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.282 0.354 6.300 0.652 0.104 0.103 8.74.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 62.000 1.423 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.420 0.354 6.300 0.633 0.101 0.101 8.94.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 64.000 1.469 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.558 0.354 6.300 0.615 0.098 0.098 9.24.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 66.000 1.515 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.695 0.354 6.300 0.598 0.095 0.096 9.54.230 0.009 0.150 0.00168 0.00884 10.000 0.159 0.088 68.000 1.561 0.150 0.00670 0.03535 4.833 0.354 6.300 0.582 0.092 0.093 9.7

I fault Vrelay SIRZ1 Z0

Source Line NER Line

138/138

Appendix F

CVT Study � PSCAD Data

10 km line length and initial SIR of 1

SIR Ifault 1st V Peak 2nd V Peak 3rd V Peak 4th V PeakkA pu pu pu pu

1 19.40 1.29 1.46 1.08 15 5.60 4.49 1.40 1.20 110 2.26 8.62 1.95 1.26 120 1.41 17.86 3.71 1.12 130 1.04 22.00 4.44 1.06 160 0.41 43.59 8.35 1.53 1



10 3.71 7.50 2.16 1.09 120 1.71 14.30 3.89 1.36 130 1.10 22.61 5.33 1.39 160 0.44 46.44 9.13 1.81 1



1 95.20 1.47 1.09 1.01 15 25.80 4.80 1.48 0.99 110 14.30 8.04 2.03 1.01 120 7.30 17.44 3.51 1.19 130 4.70 22.67 4.58 1.12 160 2.32 43.59 8.53 1.76 1



10 17.50 8.04 2.03 1.01 120 7.39 17.44 3.51 1.19 130 4.24 22.67 4.58 1.12 160 2.40 43.59 8.53 1.76 1

transient overvoltages and distance protection: problems and solutions

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