transit quality of service applications comprehensive planning november 2, 2007 florida department...
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Transit Quality of Service ApplicationsComprehensive Planning
November 2, 2007
Florida Department of Transportation Public Transit Office
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Transportation Element
…adopted level of service standards for roads and transit
9J-5.019 (3) (h)
Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual
http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=2326
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What is Transit Quality of Service?
• Evaluation from passenger’s point of view
• Intended to supplement traditional “business” measures
• Two primary aspects of quality of service– Availability– Comfort and convenience
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Fixed-Route QOS Framework
Transit Stop Route Segment System
Availability Frequency Hours of Service Service Coverage
Comfort & Convenience
Passenger Load Reliability Transit-Auto
Travel Time
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Service Frequency
• Nobody likes to wait
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Service Frequency
QOSHeadway
(min)Veh/h Comments
A <10 >6 Passengers don’t need schedules
B 10-14 5-6Frequent service, passengers consult schedules
C 15-20 3-4Maximum desirable time to wait if bus/train missed
D 21-30 2 Service unattractive to choice riders
E 31-60 1 Service available during the hour
F >60 <1 Service unattractive to all riders
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Service Frequency• Measure of transit accessibility & convenience
– Ease of making spur-of-the moment trips– Wait time when the schedule isn’t known or a bus
is missed– Attractiveness to choice riders
• Can be measured:– By street– By activity center pair
• Can be described as % of people with access to service at a particular QOS level
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Example Frequency QOS Map
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Hours of Service
• Many people want to stay out late
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Hours of Service
QOS Hours of Service Comments
A 19-24 Night or “owl” service provided
B 17-18 Late evening service provided
C 14-16 Early evening service provided
D 12-13 Daytime service provided
E 4-11Peak hour service only or limited midday service
F 0-3 Very limited or no service
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Hours of Service
• Hours of service describes how people can use transit service to make different types of trips– Peak-period commute trips only?– Midday-trips only?– Ability to stay late before returning home– Ability to access jobs with non-traditional
start/end times
• Can be described for:– Locations– Between activity center pairs
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Example Hours of Service QOS Map
Hours of Service LOSCDEF
Streets
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Service Coverage
• Everybody wants to go everywhere
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Service CoverageQOS % TSA Covered Comments
A 90.0-100.0% Most major origins & destination served
B 80.0-89.9%
C 70.0-79.9% About ¾ of higher-density areas served
D 60.0-69.9%
E 50.0-59.9%
F <50.0%Less than half of higher-density areas served
TSA/Transit Supportive Area is the portion of the area being analyzed that has a household density of at least 3 units per gross acre or an employment density of at least 4 jobs per gross acre
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Service Coverage
Transit-supportive area concept can be used to compare land use alternatives
– Is density in corridors or scattered nodes?– How many people/jobs are in areas that are
reasonably economical to serve with fixed-route transit?
– FTIS can be used for existing conditions– Easy to identify potential service gaps
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Example Future Service Coverage Map
Transit-Supportive Areas
TSA served
TSA unserved
Service Coverage Area
Roads
Cities
Counties
Tallahassee
Gardner
Capitola
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Passenger Load
• Everybody wants a seat
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Passenger Load
QOS Load Factor Comments
A 0.00-0.50 No passenger need sit next to another
B 0.51-0.75 Passenger can choose where to sit
C 0.76-1.00 All passengers can sit
D 1.01-1.25* Comfortable standee load for design
E 1.26-1.50* Maximum schedule load
F >1.50* Crush load
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Passenger Loads
Identify potential capacity deficiencies– Identify areas of strong demand that might
respond to service improvements– APC data becoming more widely available– NTD passenger-mile reporting sheets are
also a potential data source
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Example Bus Passenger Load QOS Map
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Reliability• Nobody likes to be late
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Reliability QOS On-Time Percentage Comments
A 95.0-100.0% 1 late transit vehicle every 2 weeks
B 90.0-94.9% 1 late transit vehicle every week
C 85.0-89.9% 3 late transit vehicles every 2 weeks
D 80.0-84.9% 2 late transit vehicles every week
E 75.0-79.9% More than 2 late transit vehicles every week
F <75.0% 1 late transit vehicle at least daily
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Reliability
• QOS explains reliability in easy to understand terms
– On-time performance • AVL system make reliability data relatively easy to
collect
• Look at reliability at multiple points along route to pinpoint problem locations/identify causes
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Example of Reliability QOS• Identify routes with reliability issues
– Use targeted analysis to determine cause
Route On-Time Performance
QOS Additional Analysis?
1 86% C No
2 79% E Yes
3 83% D No
4 94% B No
5 57% F Yes
6 68% F Yes
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Transit Auto Travel Time
• Everybody wants to get there fast
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Transit to Auto Travel Time
QOS Travel Time Difference (min)
Comments
A 0 Faster by transit than by car
B 1-15 About as fast by transit as by car
C 16-30 Tolerable for choice riders
D31-45
Round-trip at least an hour longer by transit
E46-60
Tedious for all riders; may be best possible in small cities
F>60
Unacceptable to most riders
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Transit-Auto Travel Time• Compare door-to-door travel times between:
– Activity center pairs• Overview of transit’s competitiveness for
different trip purposes within the region• Less effort required and easier to map
– Traffic analysis zones• Detailed comparison of competitiveness for
all trips covered by the regional model• Easy to describe results as “x % of trips
are QOS A”,etc.
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Example Transit-Auto Travel Time QOS Table
FAMU
Tallahassee Memorial Hospital
Governor's Square Mall FSU
High Road Apartments Woodgate
Capital Circle Office Center
Tallahassee Regional Airport
Walmart, Quincy
Winn Dixie, Crawfordville
TAZ 128 184 201 244 251 299 696 754 1257 1601FAMU 128 D D C D D C D C ETallahassee Memorial Hospital 184 E E D E B E D F EGovernor's Square Mall 201 D E C D E D D C EFSU 244 C D C B D D D F EHigh Road Apartments 251 D D D B E D D F EWoodgate 299 E B E D E E E F ECapital Circle Office Center 696 C E D D D E E D ETallahassee Regional Airport 754 D D D D D E E C FWalmart, Quincy 1257 C F C F F F D C DWinn Dixie, Crawfordville 1601 E E E E E E E F D
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Key Points
Develop transit QOS standards to guide transit policy
• Describe % of people experiencing different levels of service to demonstrate benefits
• Identify service deficiencies• Strategize solution• Capital Improvements Element• Transit proportionate share
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Transportation Element
…adopted level of service standards for roads and transit
9J-5.019 (3) (h)
Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual
http://www.trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=2326