Data Collection and Processing

UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDATRANSIT TRACKING SYSTEM1Who is TTS?Karl Banks, CpEChris Dorros, CpEMonica Nguyen, EETyler Zaino, CpE

SPONSOR:David Norvell, PE, LEED AP, C.E.M.Energy ManagerSustainability & Energy ManagementUniversity of Central Florida7GROUP2What is TTS?System for tracking the universitys shuttlesHarmony of hardware and softwareSystem of subsystemsEffort to increase the use of UCF shuttle service and ultimately decrease traffic around the university (or so we hope)

3Goals & ObjectivesSupport all shuttles both on campus and off campusEquip all shuttles with their own unique transmitter unitNo monthly cellular contractWaterproof and thoroughly resistant to continuous exposure to severe weather conditionsCross-browser compatibleDisplay each active bus route in color-coded fashionAllow user to filter map data by the route of each bus

4Requirements & specificationsGPS data accurate to a maximum differential of 10 m3 mile line of sight radius of the main receiver towerStandard 12V power supply unit No more than 5 lbsNo larger than 12 x 12 x 5Full functionality for 10,000 users at any given time

see what I did there?5

TTS: System of Subsystems6presented by: monica nguyenHardware design7Block diagrams

Transmitting SystemReceiving System8globalsat EM-406A 20-channel receiverBuilt in patch antenna Hot Start: 1s, Warm Start: 38s, Cold Start: 42sLed indicator: off- receiver switch off; on- signal searching, flashing- position lockedExtremely high sensitivity of -159dBm (note: which can pick up signals 1000x weaker then the typical signal at the -160dBW level)10m Position AccuracyAccepts supply voltage input range of 4.5V~6.5V DCPower Consumption of 44mAOperating Temperature of -40C to 85C

30mm9ADXL213AEDual Axis AccelerometerSensor measurement range of +/- 1.2g Turn on time of 20msAccepts supply voltage range of 3V ~ 6V DCOperating temperature of -40C to 85C

5mm10Accelerometer schematicA single 0.1 F capacitor is connected from VCC to GND which adequately decouples the accelerometer from noise on the power supply0.1uF capacitors are added at XFilter and YFilter pins to implement low-pass filtering for antialiasing and noise reductionA 1M resistor is added to the circuit to set the period to complete one duty cycle

11Atmel atmega2560Low power 8-bit microcontrollerClock Rate of 16MHz4 serial I/O Has analog to digital converterOperating temperature of -40C to 85CAs opposed to ATmega328

16mm12

13Types of communicationsSatelliteGreatest coverageRequires monthly feesCellularSecond greatest coverageRequires monthly feesRadio FrequencyLeast coverage No monthly costs14Digi 9Xtend (transmitting) Low power and FCC (Federal Communications Commission) approved Operates within 900MHz frequency ISM bandModem uses frequency band of 902-928MHzOutdoor RF line-of-sight: range of up to 40 miles with high gain antennaReceiver sensitivity of -110dBmTx current: 730mA; Rx current: 80mA for power output of 1WAccepts supply voltage range of 2.8V ~ 5.5V DCTransmit power output of 1mW ~ 1WOperating Temperature of -40C to 85C15Rf continuedUtilizes Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)Agility to avoid interference by hoping to a new frequency on every packet transmission or re-transmissionOverallVast range coverageRequires minimal powerSmall form factor saves board space

61mm37mm16DIGI A09-hasm-675900MHz Dipole AntennaGain of 2.15 dBi +/- 1Frequency 915MHz (902MHz ~ 928MHz)

171mm17

18Development board

19Maxstream a09-f8nf-mFiberglass Omni-directional 900MHzFrequency 915MHz (902MHz ~ 928MHz)Gain of 8.1 dBiMaximum power input of 100WRoHS Compliant (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

65in20Digi 9XTend (receiving) Weather Proof Outdoor RF line-of-sight: range of up to 40 miles with high gain antennaReceiver Sensitivity -110dBmRx current: 110mA; Tx current: 900mA for power output of 1WLow power Supply Voltage 7-28VOperating Temperature -40C to 85C

5.5in21presented by: chris dorrosMicrocontroller Code &RF Communication22Arduino Development PlatformWhat is Arduino?An open source electronics development platformWhy Arduino?Extensive libraries speed up development timeEasier to load code onto our board - especially useful for SW updatesLarge community of developersWritten in C language23Microcontroller Code StructureWritten in CBasic outline of code:InitializationPin numbersRF modem parameter settingsRuntime (infinite loop)Collect GPS & Accelerometer dataTransmit over RF modemFunctions both initialization and runtime24

25GPSSerial (UART) connection between GPS and MicrocontrollerBaud rate: 9600 bpsData is received in NMEA format:$GPGGA,161229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,30.0,M,*18

Protocol headerUTC TimeLatitudeNorth/South IndicatorLongitudeEast/West IndicatorPosition Fix Indicator# of Satellites UsedAltitude (Mean Sea Level)Altitude UnitsChecksumDilution of Precision26AccelerometerAnalog input, converted to Digital signal via Analog to Digital converter built into MicrocontrollerMaps input voltage from 0 and 5V to integers between 0 and 1023

27AccelerometerRequired to determine if bus engine is runningData collected from the accelerometer is run through an algorithm on the microcontroller to calculate thisCalculation is done onboard since fast sampling (on the order of milliseconds) is requiredEquation and algorithm in work need to gather sample data from a bus while the engine is running28RF Modem (Transmitting)Digital pins required for RF modem operation controlled via codeExample pins: Shutdown, CTS, RTSPins controlled in software Packaged GPS & Accelerometer data is sent to the RF modem via Serial interfaceBaud rate: 9600bpsSend out every quarter second29RF Modem (Transmitting)Configuration required for RF Modems to communicateSource / destination addressesBaud rate of RF transmission

Configured using AT commands through same serial channel+++ to enter command modeATMYCD12AT command prefixMY source addressCD12 Hexadecimal value for address

9600bps40 miles max115200bps20 miles maxchosen30Loading Code onto MicrocontrollerArduino bootloader is flashed onto bare microcontroller hardware using Atmel In-System Programmer via ICSP pinsDeveloped code loaded via RS-232 interface to microcontrollerThis allows for fast, easy software updates to the tracking device via the RS-232 interface

1.00cmAtmel AVRISP mkIIIn-System Programmer31RF Modem (Receiving)Receives data from each tracking unitProgrammed via RS232 interface to computer with X-CTU software (Digi)Utilizing Server-Client modelallows sharing of same frequency between multiple devicesPolling moderound-robin approachrequests data from each RF modem in the tracking unitsany data in their serial buffers will be received32RF Modem (receiving)Each packet of information will be in the same format, separated by carriage returnsSample output:

Protocol headerBus ID #LatitudeLongitudeTime (hhmmss)Date (ddmmyyyy)Protocol tailEngine status33presented by: tyler zainoData Collection & Processing34Data Collections and Processing

35Data Processing ServerWritten in C#Outputs an executable fileHas built in libraries to read from the COM port and write to the database easilyPossibly export it as a Windows service so it will always execute on bootDeployed on a dedicated computer running WindowsThe RF modem must be connected to the COM port of the computer at all times36Collects the data from the RF modem through the COM port of the serverBus IdentifierUnique integer that represents the shuttle the coordinates are being sent fromLongitude and Latitude coordinatesA floating point number that represents the real-time location of the shuttleAccelerometer dataBoolean value representing the real-time state of the shuttleTimeTime the bus data is collectedData Processing Server37Data Processing ServerProcess the packets of dataThe data will be received in packets from the microcontrollerThe Data Processor must analyze these packets and strip down the data into useable informationThis information will be stored within the program to be analyzed

38Data Processing ServerAnalyze the dataCheck to ensure all the data is accounted for within the packetThis ensures that information is written to the database that isnt missing any crucial componentsCheck to ensure the coordinate points fall within a predetermined system boundaryThis ensures that any incorrect coordinates dont make their way to the databaseThis is calculated by using the hardcoded variables, CENTER_X, (Latitude of the tower) CENTER_Y, (Longitude of the tower), RADIUS (Line of sight of the tower)39Data Processing ServerPass the data to the database for the webserverCoded within the program using a MySQL library to write to the online databaseAll data will be written to the table DATA_BUS_COORDS in the database

FieldTypebusIDint(3)coordXvarchar(10)coordYvarchar(10)accelerometerDatabooleantimevarchar(10)40

41

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43presented by: karl banksWeb Application44database

45DATABASE: BUSID : integerisActive : boolean

46DATABASE: BUS COORDSbusID : integercoordY : doublecoordX : doubleaccelerometerData : booleantime : integer

47DATABASE: BUS STOPID : integername : stringcoordX : doublecoordY : doubleisActive : boolean

48DATABASE: RouteID : integername : stringcolor : stringisActive : boolean

49User Interface TechnologiesMapsGoogleBingYahooMapQuestApplication Programming Interface (API)Provides access and makes use of services and resources provided by another particular software programComputer Program vs. Web ApplicationInteractivity vs. system requirementsCompatibility is key50Web ApplicationReal-time view of the UCF shuttle transit systemMap of the local UCF area, with each route highlighted in a unique colorUser will have the option to toggle the visibility of each route on/off, through an options panel on the side of the screenOnly active routes will display during any given time of the dayEach active bus will appear with its own icon based on the most recent coordinates sent from the RF modemAs the bus moves, the icon will update and move in real-time51Simulated rendering

52Problems/RisksProblem/RiskProposed SolutionMay not be able to use the radio tower due to opposition of current tower usersMount main antenna on high elevation building such as the Towers with repeaters on other UCF buildingsLack of literature regarding RF modem configuration via AT commands from inside codeTrial and error debugging; recently made some progress on thisGoogle Maps is missing a few roads at UCF which exist in the shuttle routesContact Google regarding the issue and develop a workaround53

FAILURENow you see it.. Now you dont.54Progress graph55BudgetSubsystemPercent AcquiredCurrent TotalProjected TotalHardware Development100%$187.80$188.75Software Development100%$0.00$0.00Mobile Tracking Device47%$179.00$385.06Receiving System0%$0.00$1753.00Data Acquisition Server0%$0.00$149.00Database / Web Server80%$0.00$0.00TOTAL55%$366.80$2475.8156

UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDATRANSIT TRACKING SYSTEM57