Translating Customer Requirements into Product Design

By Dr Mohammed Arif– licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – Share Alike License

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/

Translating Customer Requirements into Product Design

Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent Engineering (CE)

Concurrent Engineering “…is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of products and their related processes, including manufacture and support. This approach is intended to cause the developers, from the outset, to consider all elements of the product life cycle from conception through disposal, including quality, cost, schedule, and user requirements.” Winner et al. (1988)

Different Aspects of Concurrent Engineering

•Managerial & Human Aspect* Use of Cross-functional Teams* Adoption of Process-based Organisation* Committed Leadership* Empowered Teams

•Technological Aspect* Use of CAD* Optimisation of a Product Design

* Use of Integration, Information Sharing, Co-ordination, and Communication systems* Development of Common Standards

Quality Function Deployment

What is QFD

• Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a process where a multi-functional team translate Voice of the Customer to Voice of the developer.

• This translation is accomplished by developing customer needs into product characteristics and, subsequently, developing product and process specifications from product characteristics.

QFD Background

• Quality in the past has concentrated on correcting deficiencies (a negative view)

• Japan incorporated Company Wide Quality Control (CWQC)

• Concurrent Engineering was Born• Concurrent Engineering needed a new tool to

ensure concurrency of functions during product design

• QFD was that tool that facilitated the implementation of concurrent engineering

Why QFD

• Effective Knowledge Management and Configuration Management

• Cost Reduction and Revenue Increase• Early key decisions and reduced cycle times

Product Development in Off-Site Construction

Design for Manufacturing

Layout

The Design for Manufacture (DFM) Process: The DFM Objectives DFM Methodology Product design principles for efficient manufacture

The Design for Manufacture (DFM) Process

Product

ConceptProcess Concept

Design Goals

The DFM Objectives

Product Concept

Component Design

Manufacture Process Design

DFM Methodology

(Boothroyd, et.al. 2002);

Organisational Issues

DFM Approach

Product Design

Product design principles for efficient manufacture

Number of parts

Multi-use Ease of fabrication

Modular design

Standard components

Multi-functional

handling

Test Questions: answer True or False

• The commonly used definition of Concurrent Engineering (CE) is presented by Winner et al in 1988. (T/F) Ans.T

• There are two distinguished aspects of Concurrent Engineering. (T/F) Ans.T

• The DFM process begins with a proposed product concept, a proposed process concept, and a set of design goals. (T/F) Ans.T

• In the DFM process, design goals would include both manufacturing and product goals. (T/F) Ans. T

• The development and use of design methodologies that help the design team achieve an optimised design solution is not an important part of the DFM approach. (T/F) Ans. F

References• Broughton, T. (1990), “Simultaneous Engineering in Aero Gas Turbine Design & Manufacture”, Proceedings of the 1 st

International Conference on CE, 4-5 December 1990, London, pp. 25-36.

 • Bergman, L. and Ohlund, S. (1995), “Development of an Assessment Tool to Assist in the Implementation of Concurrent

Engineering”, Proceedings of Conference on Concurrent Engineering: A Global Perspective, 1995, 499-510.

• Brooks, B. M. and Foster, S. G. (1997), “Implementing Concurrent Engineering”, Concurrent Engineering – The Agenda for Success, Medhat, S. (Ed.), Research Studies Press Ltd.

• Boothroyd, G., Dewhurst, P. and Knight, W., (2002), “Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly, 2nd Edition”, Marcel Dekker, New York,

• Boothroyd, G., and Alting, L. (1992), “Design for assembly and Disassembly”. Keynote paper, Annals of CIRP, 41 (2), 625-636.CII (1986) “Constructability: A primer.” Publication3-1. Construction Industry Institute, University of Texas, Austin.

 • CIRIA Report (1999), “Standardisation and pre-assembly: Adding Value to Construction Projects”, CIRIA Report No. 176,

1999, CIRIA, London.

 • Chen, G. (1996), “The Organisational Management Framework for Implementation of Concurrent Engineering In the Chinese

Context”, Advances in Concurrent Engineering, Proceedings of 3rd ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research & Applications, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 26-28 August 1996, pp.165-171.

• Chow, W. W. C. (1978). “Cost Reduction in product Design”. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

 • Componation P. J. & Byrd Jr., J. (1996), “A Readiness Assessment Methodology for Implementing Concurrent Engineering”,

Advances in Concurrent Engineering, Proceedings of 3rd ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research & Applications, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 26-28 August 1996, pp.150-156.