Transport System: Plants and Animals

Recall….Plant Adaptations to Life on Land

Other ChallengesWhy do plants have roots and shoots?

Additional Adaptations

1.

2.

3.

A Big Split: The Two Classes

Water Transport: Xylem

How does water from the roots, make it all the way to the very

tops of leaves?

Cohesion-Tension Hypothesis

• Transpiration• Root Pressure• Capillary Action

Transpiration ….Inside the Cell!!!

Nutrient Transport: Phloem

Where are nutrients of the plant produced?

How do nutrients get from the leaves to other places the needed?

Pressure-Flow Hypothesis

Xylem Vs. Phloem

Xylem and Phloem

Animal Transport

What needs to be transported?

Is One Structure for Transport Adequate for ALL Organisms?

What determines the system design of Animals?

Demands of Environment!!!!

1. Water vs. Land2. Size3. Activity Level

Two Types of Circulatory Systems

Open• No separation between

blood and other fluid.• Fluids bathe organs• Blood transport=slow• Small organisms/insects

Closed• Blood is in vessels• Major vessels branch to

smaller vessels• Blood transport=Quick

Vertebrate CirculationA.K.A….The Cardiovascular System

-3 Main Components1. Heart2. Blood Vessels3. Blood

The HeartAtria

• Receive blood returning to heart

Ventricles• Pump blood out of the

heart

2 Major Chambers

Blood Vessels

Arteries

Carry blood away from heart to other organs.– Aorta– pulmonary

Veins

Return blood to the heart

-Has Valves

Capillaries

Network of microscopic vessels that permeate every tissue.

Evolution of Circulation

Fish Amphibians/Reptiles Birds/Mammals

The Human Heart

The Cardiac CycleHeartbeat= Sequence of muscle contraction

(systole) and relaxation (diastole).

Blood enters the atria, which contract, forcing blood into the ventricles.

The atria relax and fill.

The ventricles contract, forcing blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Then, the ventricles relax and the atria contract, repeating the cycle.

*Atria contract=ventricle relax**Atria relax=ventricle contract*

Muscle Structure

• Contractions are caused by two main proteins– Actin – Myosin

Types of Muscle

Blood Pressure

Blood vessels differ in amounts of muscle and elastic tissue.

Blood Pressure Measurement

Peak of ventricle release=systolic blood pressure

Just prior to ventricle release=diastolic blood pressure

Systolic/Diastolic=120/80

Blood

• Composition– Erythrocytes– Leukocytes– Plasma– Platelets

Erythrocytes

• Transport Oxygen• Hemoglobin

Why is Iron so important in our

diet?

Leukocytes• Second line of defense against invaders• Macrophages

Plasma

• Fluid Portion of Blood• Transports material – CO2 – Hormones– Ions– Digested food

Lymphatic System

• Lymph- fluid of system– Specialized cells– Water– Protein– Salts

What would happen if the lymphatic system did

not function/exist?

Platelets

Coagulation

Homeostasis

Skin• Why do you sweat?

Gas-Exchange• Why do you breath heavy

when you are exercising?

• Why after holding your breath do you breath heavy?