Traquair APUSH

Unit 1: Early Exploration

Be ready to share:

What’s the currently language distribution in the Americas?

What’s the current distribution of

Christian denominations in the USA?

Human Geo Themes

• Demography

• Migration

• Language

• Religion

• Culture

• Agriculture

• Industry

• Urban Development

II. European and African Influence on the Atlantic Community

• European Changes

– Political and Social

• Renaissance

• Religious Conflict

– Economic Changes

• Agriculture

• Trade

• Technology

B. African Changes – West African States Dominated

• Gold Coast Power in 1400

III. Early European Exploration

What are the different interpretations of early

colonization that you’ve heard?

What else do we know about Spanish colonization?

A.Portugal

1.New routes to Asia

2.Treaty of Tordesillas - Brazil

B. Spain

1.Early goals: GOD/GOLD/GLORY

a.Christianity with Jesuits and Franciscans

b.Wealth

»Gold and sugar plantations

b. Wealth

• Gold and sugar plantations

• Used Native American Labor

• Encomiendas – legal system for owning land and enslaving natives

c. Social Hierarchy:

• Peninsulares – people of European birth

• Spanish give Native Americans certain rights

• Intermarriage approved in 1514

• Mestizos: mixed Native American and European

2. Spanish Exploration

a.Columbus

b.Cortez – Aztecs in 1519

2. Spanish Exploration

a.Columbus

b.Cortez – Aztecs in 1519

c. Pizarro and the Incas

d.Ponce De Leon – Florida 1527

• St. Augustine

e. Coronado 1540 – Southwest

• Seven Cities of Cibola

• Found desert, natives, the Grand Canyon and buffalo

• No gold

f. Juan de Onate - 1580’s moved into Rio Grande

• The Black Legend of Spanish Brutality

3. 1610 – Spanish decide to leave the Southwest

a.Franciscans refuse and found Santa Fe

b.Wanted to convert the Pueblo people - Did it by force

c. Pueblo Revolt – 1680

• Popé – religious leader and Pueblo Indian

• Organizes a revolt

• 400 Spaniards die; 1,500+ forced to abandon Santa Fe

• Pueblo Indians hold Santa Fe for 12 years

• Spanish return and are nicer

Crash Course

What do we know about French and Dutch colonies in North America?

C. French forced North

– Cartier in Canada – St. Lawrence in 1541

2. Champlain to Quebec on St. Lawrence in 1608

a.Fur pelts – beaver pelt hat

b.Good relations with Natives

c. Allied with Hurons

d.Jesuit missionaries

3. Louis XIV establishes New France Company

a.“Company of a Hundred Associates”

b.Granted land to settlers

c. Indentured servants – 3 years work for land

d.French government runs New France

4. Marquette and Joliet – upper Mississippi (1673)

5. La Salle down Mississippi to the Gulf

a.Colony set up in 1684

b.Splits Spanish settlements

6. New France was a giant arc along the St. Lawrence, Mississippi and Ohio Rivers

D. Dutch Colonies

– 1609 – Henry Hudson

2. 1621 – Dutch West India Co.

a.Forms colony of New Amsterdam

b.Trade with Iroquois for fur

c. NOT a religious colony

3. Dutch vs. French Rivalry

a.70 year war Iroquois vs. Huron

b.War over beaver pelts

D. Geopolitics

– By 1720 Spanish controlled SE and SW North America

– French controlled from Hudson down to the Gulf

– Spanish are worried

E. Cultural Impact: The Columbian Exchange

– Widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, disease, and ideas

2. Food

a.Potatoes, Maize, Squash, turkeys

b.Corn has more calories than other grains

c.European and Asian populations grow

d.Horses, olives, sugar from Europe

4. Intellectual exchange -- Economics, race, religion

a.Intermixing of Spanish and Natives

b.Catholic Conversions

c. Trade increased

d.New World created

What were the economic and imperial goals of the Spanish, French,

Dutch, and British colonizers?

How did these goals shape the social and political development of their colonies and the relationships with

Native Americans?